mm 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


-4-- 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


m 


6" 


25 
22 

1.8 


U    III  1.6 


V] 


7] 


^% 


^ 


% 


f 


% 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


^ib" 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


:^- 


'€ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  ropy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilme  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  et6  possible  de  se  procurer    Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut  etre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci  dessous. 


n 
n 


J 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagi^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 
D 


D 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagees 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculees 


□' 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  decolorees,  tachetees  ou  piquees 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detachees 

nShowthrough/ 
Transparence 

I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


D 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  ete  film6es  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filme  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

18X  22X 


10X 


14X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


/ 


A' 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Libriuy  of  Conijross 
Photoduplication  Servicer 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grace  d  la 
g^n^rosit^  de: 

Library  of  Conqress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantos  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  I'exeniplaire  film^,  et  en 
conformit6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  cr  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »•  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method; 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  film6s  en  commen<pant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derni6re  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ♦-  signifie  'A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie   "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  6tre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  ^  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prerant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

;4 

5 

6 

STAGES  OF  SOCIETY. 


1' 


Ju 


MITCHELL'S  SCHOOL  GEOGUAl'HY. 


.     ( 


,?^ 


h 


,-A. 


Ui 


m 


CB 


SEOONU    KKVIXKI)    K'UTION. 


A   SYSTEM  OF 

MODEllN  GEOGRAPHY, 

COMPRISINO   A    DESCKU'TION   OF  THE  I'RESENT  STATE  OF  THE 

WOULD. 

AND  ITS  FIVE  GREAT  DIVIHIONS, 
AMERICA,  EUROPE,  ASIA,  AFRICA  AND  OCEANICA 

WITH  THEin  SEVERAL 

EMPIRES.  KINGDOMS.  STATES.  TERRITORIES.  ETC. 
eMBSi.i:.i8Hro  rrr  NuniEBons  EHoaAviiio* 

ADAPTED    rO   THB   CAPACITY   OP   YOUTH. 


ULXnniTID  BT  AR 

ATLAS  OP  TWENTY-EIGHT  MAPS, 

BKAWN  AND  KNOEAVVD  TO  ACCOMPANY  THI  WOEE 


BY  8.  AUGUSTUSinTCHELL. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
THOMAS,  COWPERTHWAIT  &  CO. 

/1849. 


-1 


& 


'\ 


ADVERT I8BMBNT 
'O    THE    riRBT    REVISED    IDITIOIf. 


Thii  pulilicniiun  oflha  BiithUaniui  oFlhe  Unilad  Blatei,  (IMO.)  hu  enabled  the  Autho 
cumplelo  \h»  Dm  periotlical  ravliiou  of  hit  S<Jk«*l  atetrofht  and  JiUat,  In  eanfotiniir 

Kith  lh«  plan  propuaod  in  tho  pruracs  or  lh«  former  odilion,  uid  which  will  b*  rapeab) 

ri',.ularlir  hcmuAer,  4vorr  ittJ'^tiwivo  puriotl  uf  livo  rear*. 

In  'lie  prfMnt  reitialon,  ill  the  Mw  fkcta  davcloped  by  tka  late  ceniui,  that  ate  appli- 
■ab!*  In  the  r.idjecl,  ha*«  been  cnibodiod  'n  the  Ooairaphf,  ingcihet  with  lucb  hntieea  uf 
nrent  public  woiki,  fcc,  Uitnuihoul  the  Union,  ta  a  due  attention  to  the  prooreaa  of  im- 
proremant  rendoied  nacoaaarr,  and  the  pita  uf  the  book  permitted.  Ti>e  «arioua  political 
chiniee,  abo,  that  have  occuritu!  in  A^idiin  countrioa  iinca  the  firil  publication  of  the 
hunk— aucn  aa  the  reunion  of  Cppcr  and  Lower  Canada ;  the  aocoaiinn  or  the  State  or 
Vucalan  Trom  the  Moiican  lUpublic ',  the  diiaolution  of  the  PeiU'llolivian  ConMoration : 
Ihn  reiruceiaion  of  8yt\^.  to  ita  rormor  mailora ;  tho  annexation  orpart  ofNew  Zealand  to 
(ha  Biitiah  Empire,  m  other  airailar  aveni),  have  all  been  carcfullf  nnted.  In  addition  to 
which,  auch  miitakea  aa  have  been  detected  by  a  cloae  eiaminalion  orboth  aeetiona  oftht 
work,  and  which  ara  mnreorleae  unavoidable  in  compilatlnna  of  thia  kind,  have  been 
thorouihir  corraetad.  Huch  emoiidaliona  have  been  likewin  made  In  the  Bialiitica  ol 
varioua  European  an)  other  Slaloi,  aa  could  be  collected  from  a  etrici  examination  of  the 
lateat  Geoiiaphioal  «ad  Staliatical  wotka. 

On  the  eniravad  plate*  of  the  Allaa,  the  population  of  the  principal  Ciliea  and  Towni  in 
the  United  Btatea  hu  been  accuraleir  inierted,  ao  far  aa  the  loit  cenaui  haa  (iirniihcd  th« 
meana ;  alao,  all  auch  Couoliea  rocentlir  ealabliihed  in  (lie  varioua  Hiatea  and  Tcmloriet 
ofthe  Union,  aa  were  required  to  make  tho  mapa  correapond  with  that  important  national 
document ;  lofolher  with  all  the  roquisiio  altoralioni,  corroapondinii  to  the  political  clianxet 
cited  above,  that  have  taken  place  in  dlfliiren(  paria  of  tho  world.  In  tlie  Gcosnphioal 
and  Btatiitical  Tablea  appended  to  (ho  Allaa,  auch  improvementj  have  been  made  aa  will, 
with  the  addition  of  two  new  pagca  of  American  Btatiatica,  render  that  part  of  (he  work 
much  more  valuable  Ihan  before. 

The  numuroui  (eatimoniala  of  approbation  bealowed  on,  and  tho  exteniive  patronite 
ohiainei]  fur,  MiUheirt  School  Oeography  and  Attat,  in  ever?  aection  of  the  United 
■lataa,  are  hiihlr  (ratifirinf  to  the  Author  and  rubliihera,  and  prompt  them  to  uae  luch 
reainnable  endoavoura  to  improve  each  future  reviiion,  aa  to  rr.i.der  (lie  woik  at  all  (imaa 
worthf  of  public  favour,  and  aatiifactorip  (u  their  patron*. 

Pkiladelfikia,  Ottoier  IX,  IMa. 


EntMod,  accordinn  to  Act  of  Conirna,  in  tho  vr.i.r  i^lit,  by  S.  Jiutvitut  MtUhelt,  in  the 
Ulerk  i  OfFce  of  the  Dialrict  Court  of  iha  Koatorn  Diitrict  of  rciiniylvania. 


PRINTED    BV    SMITH    AND     PETERS. 

Franklin  lluildiiiga,  6th  Hi.,  ticlow  Arch. 


(4> 


IDITIOtf. 


HO,)  hat  enabled  the  Autha 
\y  and  Allot,  In  eonrotiniif 
ind  which  will  b«  raiMtta 

lata  centui,  that  ate  appli- 
(Oihot  with  luch  hnlieci  uf 
ntion  to  tha  proiireia  or  inv 
Itcd.  T1>e  «ariout  political 
the  firil  publication  of  Ux 
9  accoaiion  o{  the  State  of 
rU'Buhvian  ConMoratlon ; 

or  part  or  New  Zealand  to 
ifullr  noted.  In  addition  to 
ilion  orboth  teetiona  of  th* 
nt  of  thia  kind,  have  been 
I  made  In  the  Btaliitica  ol 

a  ttrici  examlnatiun  of  the 

Incipal  Ciliea  and  Townt  in 
lat  cenaua  haa  (Urniahcd  the 
ioua  Htatea  and  Tcmtoriea 
rith  that  important  national 
dinR  to  the  political  nbanitet 
rorld.  In  tlieOcoiraphioal 
nla  have  been  made  aa  will, 
ender  that  part  of  the  work 

id  the  eiteniive  patroniie 
iverf  aection  of  the  Unito<l 
d  prnnipl  them  to  ua«  aueh 
reader  llir  work  at  all  timet 


Jlutvitut  MtUhett,  in  the 
tict  or  I'ciiniylvania. 


STER8, 

ch.  (41 


A  D  VERTI8EMENT 
TO    THE    IGCONO    REVMKU    EDITION. 


J^a"^»  L  c  r   *  ;  '^"  «'•''""■"""'  ""I'ion  otMiuMr,  School  ««,rep*,  .». 
,.,1.  f™      ""''"""''  •'*  "••  »"•"'»'  P"«l>«clua  of  the  work.  c..n,pl«.«l    an*  the 

^r  the  w.  ra:,T'l''Jr  "'  'l*  """"'"T  -".'"'"•■    «'""•  "»' '«'""'  "••  «>inde.Uai 
W..I  laa  abrnirK         *T  """''«' '""««1  •»'!  djalribuled  o«.r  all  parte  of  the  Uniun.  u 

mwwmm 

laiinc  »l»llance  in  onlcr  to  keep  pace  with  ita  roquiromonla.  * 

UriaUreof  tieT  B  ZL^a  r/"  i,  "T"''""  ';^»'''^'""'"=''''  Oaaotteor,  W.lkea' 

in.,  and  other  late  pu£  L„    h"  ^unonr."""  "  ^ ""'  ^"^ "'  "^  ""''"  »'°''»- 

««.tp.rlo,l.lheanne..rnof?;a„,o  h.r^;'  T"'  "'"""'' •   "■"«•  «'"""  • 

fon  quoflion.  the  indepcnUe^  of  IJ^  iti  J        '  ^'.  T"'*'"'  •""'"""  "'  ""■  Ore- 

<1".n.  on  the*  termlTu^n  ofTh,  cwSS^^  ^r  ti^mo.'r^."'''"'''''"'  "''""'"  ~"« 
of  the  earth  and  h.«i  .ii  i,  J,  .T.T  *"•"■''•  'mpartcd  new  inleroat  toihote  parte 
limit,  p^lmuJi""  *""  •"  *"«"  "»'«=•<' '"  ""  O'oi'.Phr.  in  tuch  form  and  manner  « !u 

France.  Bpa,n.P„r,a,ala^lX,re"rj'C?T'  "^  "uT"  '""  '''''"'■"'"'•:  "' 
with  the  Plate  of  Nrw  En.l,nT;,„  .  i  ,       "'""•*"=''•  *«• !  O'eece  and  Kcrpt, 

all  ...pecu.  with  the  moat  rocon,  p^tS.cal^       '"^  """*'"'•  '"''  """•  '"  """"■""-. '" 

moot  aa  the  mareh  of  event.  rZie^ ..'.,?',' lu  \?''"'  ""=*'"•<'  """■  ta.P"'v»- 

-_Hi,hde.reeof.pprobatio;S:;.:':r;^--|-:[;;; 


(I) 


INTRODUCTION. 


GwwiiirHy  i*  a  ilcucription  of  llio  world,  with  iti  inhabitnnU  ano 
prudurtion*.  It  Ih  nut  imly  nii  tiitrrtniiiinir  and  CMirloim,  Imt  liigliljf 
uwl'ul  «tiidy.  It  <i|»'nH  und  iiihirKiM  tliu  mind }  rivi'm  a  triiu  kn(iwk'il|(o 
of  Ihovari'iUH  Hitiintionit  of  rmintric*,  with  their  riv<r«,  Mionnt'iin«,&c.i 
ind  in  (if  nnrli  ini|H>rtan<'c  in  liiHtory,  that  without  it,  nothing  cun  tra 
undiTHtiidd  with  cither  natiiifiiction  or  corrcctncHi 

It  niiiNt  hiivi!  Bttriietcd  the  tttUntion  of  nmnliind  at  a  very  early  i>e 
riod.  'I'hu  didirc  to  bvcmno  aci|uuinl('d  with  the  country  they  lived  in, 
«nd  to  dttirminc  and  eHt«hlii)h  it»  boundoricM,  would  nuturnlly  direct 
their  oltcntinn  to  it. 

Th«  iitudy  of  (Joogrnphy  will  enable  younif  p<  rHon»,  when  they  heai 
of  diitnnt  countricH,  to  tell  where  they  ore  ■ituotid— what  ore  their  pro- 
ductioni — how  they  are  (fovcrncd,  ond  what  kind  of  |k?i>J)Ic  live  there. 
To  know  theiio  thing*  ii  very  iin|)ortant,  and  will  give  all  who  are 
acquainted  with  them  an  advantage  over  lUo»c  who  posHixi  not  nunli 
knowledge :  it  will  l>e  a  unliNfaction  to  theiriMelvcM  and  to  their  iwrcnlii , 
and  will  bo  a  proof  that  they  have  attended  well  to  their  itudies. 

TO  TIIK  rUPIL. 

The  engraving  on  the  oppoiiito  pngo  m  a  picture  of  one  aide  of  oui 
earth,  ait  it  would  ap|icar  if  Kcen  from  a  great  diHtanco.  It  rolU  like  an 
imnienBO  ball  tlirough  the  heavcnit,  nurroundcd  on  every  itide  by  the 
ploncts  and  tbo  counties  myriads  of  stars,  all  |)erlorining  their  wtatcd 
motions  under  the  guidance  of  iho  great  Creator  who  fimt  called  .iieru 
iiito  exiHtcnco. 

Men  live  on,  and  ore  conBtantly  walking  about,  thii  great  ball,  tlia 
earth.  Cities  and  towns  are  built  on  it;  trees  and  plants  grow  on  it, 
and  ships  sail  on  the  sea:  yet  the  earth  is  all  tlie  time  turning  round 
and  round,  as  if  you  rolled  a  ball  or  an  apple  on  the  floor,  or  threw  it 
from  you  into  the  air.  All  this  is  true ;  but  it  is  hard  to  understand. 
It  is  done  by  the  power  of  God,  who  made  us,  ond  all  things  on  the 
earth,  with  the  sun,  the  moon,  ond  the  vast  multitude  of  stars  we  sea 
in  the  f  ky.  "  In  the  beginning,  God  created  the  heaven  and  the  earth 
Uie  heavens,  and  all  Uie  hoet  •(  them."    Gen.  I.  II. 

C6) 


h  iti  inhnliitJuiU  ana 
il  iMirliiiiH,  liiit  liigii^ 
ivi'M  a  triiu  kii(iwl('(li(o 
ivvrn,  iiioiint'iiiiN,  iVc. ; 
tut  it,  nulhing  ciiu  tw 

ml  ot  ■  vrry  cnrly  pa 
country  they  livvil  in, 
yiiuld  nuturnliy  direct 

rNoni,  when  thoy  heai 
il— what  uro  thoir  pro- 
id  of  |H?»ple  live  there, 
will  givu  nil  who  are 
who  pusHCfii  not  Bunli 
<  and  to  their  imrcntii , 
to  their  itudios. 


uro  uf  one  aide  of  oin 
tancc.  It  rolls  like  an 
on  evf  ry  nido  hy  the 
icrforiniiiK  their  Hinted 
r  who  tiriK  called  .iiein 

ut,  this  great  ball,  the 
ind  plantH  grow  on  il, 
the  time  turning  round 
n  the  floor,  or  throw  it 
ia  hard  to  understand, 
and  all  things  on  the 
iltitiidc  of  stars  we  see 
t  heaven  and  the  earth 
.II. 

(6) 


MITCHELL'S  SCHOOL  GKOGKAl'HY. 


PAUT    FIRST. 


GEOORAPIIICAL    DKFFNITIONS. 


I.  What  is  Geography  f 

Atis.  A  description  of  tlio  surfnco  of  the  Earth. 

3.  What  Ih  the  Hiirfaco  of  the  Kurth  ? 

A.  It  Is  Ihooutsifio  part. 

3.  irow  ix  Ih.;  diirlaco  of  the  Earth  divided  f 
A.  Into  liiiuj  nml  wiitrT. 

4.  H.)w  inurh  of  the  oarll 'b  surfaecJH  Land  r 
A.  Alxjuf  oncloiirlh. 

On  Ihr  map  of  the  World,  N,.  I.,  in  the  Alias,  vou  w,!|  ,^  th«, 
there  i«  -i  preat  drni  more  waf.T  than  land  ,.n  llic  vmU  'I'l,  ,.,T„  -  J 
part  .how.  the  land ;  the  rest  is  water.  '""'■'* 

(7> 


f  a£o(iit.\i*iiicAi.  iii;i-iNiTinN«. 

i.  How  much  iniiru  water  thun  Imxi  U  llieru  on  Um  lUrtli  1 

A,  Thorn  In  iit  IcoMt  thii'o  tiim-H  iimn'. 

It.  Wlint  ii  ilif  iiitiiio  givin  III  iliu  vhi«rp«rt  oI'lJio  wntvr  on  Um  tur 
fiico  uf  tliu  uartli  I 

A.  Tho  yoa,  or  Occnii. 

7,  Ii  tlio  water  of  tlia  Octiiui  mU  ur  fV«;«b  ? 

A.  It  is  unit. 
I      H.  IIdw  iliHin  llifl  Octian  a|)|iear7 

A.  llluo  and  botindtuiM,  liko  tho  aky. 

0.  flow  wida  ii  it  1 

A.  In  som«  places,  10,1)00  mili**  wide;  in  othcra,  3000 
!Uid  4000,  BO  thnt  Bhipa  nmy  sail  for  wvi>kH,  tind  ovon  months, 
without  coming  to  land. 

10.  In  what  wny  dov*  the  Ocean  bcnrfit  iitankiml  f 

A.  It  furnishfH  nn  nbodo  for  inmiiiK'niblo  Mtcn,  wliioh 
lira  tho  mcnns  of  Bii|mlyinu  millionH  of  iiuiAkiiid  with  t'cKid 
and  employment:  lx'»)i(k-8  tniH,  tho  occn.i  riiidcrs  intorcouiM) 
bctwwn  distant  countries  ciwy  nnd  rnpid. 

11.  For  what  purpofe  do  »h\\m  nuil  iin  the  Uccan7 

A.  They  curry  the  prinluctions  of  our  own  country  to  other 
parts  or  tho  world,  und  bring  buck  in  return  things  timt  aro 
useful  to  us. 

19.  Wiiat  do  our  ihipa  take  to  otlier  eoantriet  1 

A.  They  take  cotton,  flour,  tobacco,  rice,  and  inany  other 
articles. 

13.  What  do  they  bring  back  In  return  7 

A.  From  some  countries,  they  bring  woollen,  cotton,  and 
silk  g(X)d.s,  which  nro  useful  to  us  for  clothing  j  from  some, 
coflbo  and  sugar ;  and  from  others,  gold  and  silver. 


U.  What  l«  tho  trado  carried  on  J  ihipa  called? 

A.  It  is  called  Commerce,  and  is  highly  useful  to  mnnkiid. 

15.  Mow  is  it  unoful  1 

A.  Jt  gives  employment  to  vast  numbers  of  men ;  and  by 
it  we  become  acquainted  with  other  parts  of  tho  Earth. 

16.  In  wlmt  other  way  does  tho  Ocean  benefit  mankind  7 

A.  The  vnpour  or  fog  which  rises  from  tho  oceon,  forms 
rain,  which  waters  tho  earth,  and  fills  our  springs  and  rivort. 


>n  Um  Ditrtli  T 

'  Um  wNlur  un  Um  »\U' 


0 ;  in  othcTi,  aoOO 
It,  (inilovi'n  niontlia, 

kitMlT 

r(ibl»>  fisjK'9,  wliich 
iiutAkiiul  with  i'cMxi 
rtiidurs  intorcouiM) 

can? 

iwn  country  to  oilur 

u'n  things  thut  uru 

•  7 

:e,  and  many  other 


woollen,  cotton,  and 
:)lhinf;j  from  some, 
ind  silver. 

led? 

f  useful  to  mnnki'iJ. 

rs  of  men ;  and  by 

of  the  Earth. 

it  mankind  7 

m  tho  ocean,  forms 

r  springs  and  river*. 


OKltOIUl'llll  Al,    DtllMTIOND.  Q 

17,  Whftl  .'l«i  limy  In<  iiIm.tm  i|  „(•  ilir  Oicnn  7 

A.  It-*  N/ihnr^H  pr.'\riit^  II  IV.IIII  iHrominji  rnrrupf.  nnd  llm 
constant  «mfnti„„  of  itx  wi.i.rH,  hy  lli.t  winds,  pix^ciVc.-.  A 
Iroin  til.'  ixirrmr^  of  h<al  mikI  rolif. 
'I'liU  ■liiiuii  Jiow  wiiH  iy  ii,M  liuN  iri'olod  all  tliingm 


NATCRAr,  nrVISFONH  OF  WATER. 


'J'lw  Ucraa, 
IH.  How  is  tho  Ocean  dividrd  7 
A.  Into  live  jrr,.„t  partft,  iik.'wiso  called  Occons. 
I'J.  Whitli  ar«  tlio  fivo  <Kiuiu7 
A.  Tliny  <.ro  tho  Northern,  Southern,  Atlantic,  Pacific,  ond 

U».  Wimt  ollior  nsmrs  have  iomo  of  tho  Ocoonii7 

A.  The  Nor"h.'rn  is  oftni  rall,.d  the  Arcii.-.nnd  the  .South 

em  I  1..  Antarctic  Ocean;  and  the  I'acitic  Ocean  is  sonietiino 

c;ill('d  tlie  Ntulh  Sea. 

ai.  Into  whut  othir  parts  is  tho  water  divided  7 
A.  Into  S,.-„s,  Anhipeh.go,..,»  liuys,  Gulls,  Sounds,  Straits 
(-hamu'ls,  Lakes,  and  Rivers. 
'■ii.  Wiiiit  iiaSoa7 

-A'A*^  "  ^""'^''Q"  "<*  '*'"t''r.  smaller  than  an  ocean,  and 

•  ArchijHlag<ics,  pronounci-d  Ar.kc.pc..a.g.ie», 


10 


OKOURAFIIICAI.   PBVINITin;<ll. 


•urmundvd  by  Inml,  m  llui  Mdlniriuiwan  tica,  ihu  lllack 
fca,  Afc. 

83.'\Vliiit  In  nn  An  Iii|h  liii;i)f 

A.  A  «tm  lilUil  with  islmuls  m  iIi«  Itrrciim  An  I(I|h'Iiiko, 
«wl  i>r(lr«'«cf,or  «ho  W'vni  IiuIm-x,  wliii-h  i»  ■omctinwn  eullid 
liw  ('tiliitntiiiitt  Arihipi'ln^o, 

<JI.  Wlint  la  aiiiiU'or  liay  f 

A.  A  piirt  of  iIk'  Hell,  fxttiiiling  into  Iho  land,  u  the  (liilf 
Oi'  McxK'Ot  iluiUiin'M  liny. 
Ui.  Wlmt  ii  •  HtriUl  f 

A.  A  narrow  paMnn«>,  ronm'oting  dilTorpnt  bodies  of  wnter, 
M  iho  Hiruit  ot'  Ciilirultar,  A(C. 
86.  Wlut  !•  »  Bound  1 

A.  A  Miimll  wn,  no  ulinllow  thnt  it«  dopth  may  bfl  men. 
■urcd  by  a  lino  droppul  I'roin  tlio  Murrnco  to  tlio  bottom,  nn 

I.otiK  Uliiiiil  Sound, 
I'uniltco  Hound. 

I  Chan. 


•J7.  WlmlUi 
iioW 

A.  A  pn?!'«n(;o  nf 
wutcr,  wilier  iliun  a 
Strait,  iw  ilio  I'^Mg- 
liMli  C!iaiuK!l. 

A  Harbour. 
98.  What  ii  a  Harbour  or  Haven  1 

A.  A  small  buy,  where  vc»hcU  may  remain  at  nn<hor  m 
•afoly. 


A   LnK». 

OT.  What  ill  a  Lake  7 

A.  A  collection  of  water,  surrounded  by  land,  as  Lake 


r 


UNI. 

un  8cu,  ttui  DIack 


rccinn  Artlii|M'l«j«'i, 
ui  ■uiiiotiiiMn  cull)  iJ 


10  land,  lu  the  Gulf 


rent  bodiri  of  wnter, 


Icpth  mny  tw  men- 
ro  to  til*!  Ixittoin,  u^< 
L(iiii(  InIiiiiiI  SiiuikI, 
I'utiilici)  Sdiiml. 

97.  ^VIllltilla('llan■ 
l■•l( 

A.  A  pnssnijo  nf 
wut'T,  wilier  iliun  a 
Strait,  as  lliu  Eiig. 
IIhIi  CliaiiiH'l. 


«main  at  anc-hor  in 


d  by  land,  as  Lake 


OROOIIAPIIICAI,    KKriNtTin^ll. 


II 


Siiljrior,  Uko  \V.„ni|H.«.  or  il...  L..k.,or(j.,,„v„.  inS»v,.«..r 

30.  Wl..„,  „„  ,|,„  |rt,j,,„  ,^„,„,,  ,_,  ,^,  ^^^^^^j  J 

A.  Ill  N.irlli  Am..ric« :  ih,.y  ar„  „,  wi.k,  and  J,^,„.  timl  ih« 
larm '.I  Nliijm  nmy  .<|j|  «„  !|„.„,,  ""^  •''  """  "* 

31.  U  ihu  wiUi  r  »r  |„|„.<  ,„u  ,„  ,v,,,|, , 

.  i';kl:t;;;;r!""'' """  ""^  '^'^-'"  «'''»••'  '-"«'•  "•«  •»^'<'^ 

l-K..,  , ....... ...ininnly  call,.!  ...«.,  «,  ,„..  Sc,.«  ,„•  Aral,  a'nd  thl! 

3-'l.  How  d.)  lukcN  dinLliarg.!  tliilr  wati'rn  f 

A.  h-.,.h.w«l..r  lak.s  K..|i,.r..lly  .li.rharL'ft  lh..ir  ,  ton 
'l.i..ii«li  ,1  nvor  iiitu  Uwocfunj  but  nult  luku.  Imvo  «ld..in 
miy  oullit. 


34.  Wlint  U  a  river? 

A.  A  Nlivaiii  of  water,  rtinninK  '"''"m  /ipriiiKs  or  rr.;ni  lak.^s 
uito  the  .icaii,  as  the  Mississippi,  tliu  Amazon,  dec. 

35.  How  uru  rivorn  roriiicd  ? 

A.  Ily  small  branciics,  (lowing  from  mountains  or  hilLs, 

30,   W  iM  ore  lliL-  i.iinll  branchcg  of  rivurg  callod  / 

A.  MnxMs  •mJ  creeks. 

3d.  Wii.u  ,a  ino  pluco  whoro  a  rivor  ompf  ic.  Into  t'no  lea  culled  7 

A.   !■■(  Ill )  iih;  where  it  rise.s,  its  source  or  hea.l. 

37.  Wliiii  .H  tiio  piaco  ihrough  which  a  river  flow,  called? 

A.  Its  JK-d,  or  channel. 


,j^ 


IS 


OKOORA.aiCAL   UKFINITIONS. 


Fail,  ur  Ciitaranl. 

When  rivcri  flow  Howi!  strep  <ir  pcrpoiKiii'.ilnrbonkc.thcy  rnrm  fiil!» 
or  cataracts,  us  tlie  ilills  ot"  Niagaru.lliu  I'ullu  ol'tho  Pans.iic,  uiiil  oiIiith. 

39.  VVliiit  is  a  Canal  / 

A.  A  wide  ditcl.  or  chnnnil,  filled  with  water,  tiiroui,'h 
wliich  boats  convoy  travellers  and  goods  from  cm;  town  to 
another. 


Canal  and  I.ock. 


40.  Where  arc  Canals  mosi  numerous  ? 

A.  In  the  United  States,  Great  Briiain,  and  Holland. 

41.  Wh'ch  is  the  largest  Canal  in  the  world  ? 
A.  The  Imperial  Canal,  in  Cl.inii. 

42.  'hich  Bjo  the  most  important  Canals  in  the  United  States  7 
A.  'Ihe  Eiie  Canal,  in  New  York;   tho  Pennsylvania 

Canal,  in  Pennsylvania;  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  in  Ohio. 


% 


'(I 


va: 


4 
call. 

i 
h'jr 


N8. 


iMnkfl.thryfiirm  (iil!» 
0  PaBs.iic,  uiiil  oiht' rs. 


ith  wntfT,  lnrotn,'ti 
from  one  town  to 


and  Holland. 


1  the  United  States  7 

tho  Pennsylvania 
anal,  in  Ohio. 


OKOUltArillCAL    DEFIMT1U.\8, 


u 


NATIRAI.  DIVISIONS  OF  LAND. 

43.  How  in  -Ih,  I:„„1  Ki.rf,,.,.  nf  tU-  tarlh  <livi..V.,l  / 
A.  Into  tlio  Kastciii  iiml  \V.  stern  c.iiniiu'nts. 

'*■••  ^y'"" ••*  ""^  Iwstum  rMiMliiiuit  cinprisc  1 

A.  Kiiropc,  Asi'i,  aiul  AlVicii. 
■15.  WImt  (loi'H  tlio  Wt..>.tir.i  coiiiii.ctil  comprise? 
A.  N..rlh  Aniori.'a  uiid  S,„iili  Ainoi'ir.u 
46.  V/liat  ntlicr  division  ih  tlii'io  on  tlic  turtli  7 
^A.Ocoanica,  wl.i.l,  ,.,„nini.s,.s  tl.o  islands  of  tho  Pacific 
y  U  A  T 11 1:  n  y   o  c  £  ^  ^y. 

_Ji4*jr5WlH,ttln'»  r/;  /Sol    ^fi.^3 

N  o  Ti  T  n -J^  'i4!;. 


SOUTIIERy  OCEAN. 


calS?^^''"*  ""  "'"  ^'"""■"  ''"''   ■*^'=«'«"'  <=°"''"™'«  .ometi.ne. 

A.  The  Eastern  and  Western  Hen-.ispheres.    The  word 
h'jmisphcre  signifies  half  a  globe. 


14 


QKOUnAnUCAL    UKFIMTIONB. 


1 


Tlio  mnp  of  tlio  world,  No.  1.,  in  the  Atlan,  mIiowb  Iho  Eiutcni  and 

Wustirn  Iii'iiiiH|>hrrL'8, 

4i*.  Into  what  division  Ih  tiie  c.irtli  divided  by  tho  Equator  T 

A.  Into  the  Norllitrn  mid  Southern  llumisphcres. 

4!i.  Whnt  doc»  tlio  Northern  IlLiniNjihcrc  coiiiprinc  7 

A.  Thnt  part  of  the  earth  between  tho  Kijuator  and  tV 

North  Pole. 

50,  What  dots  tlic  Poutliern  IIcmis|ihcro  comprinc? 

A.  Tlidt  part  of  tlic  Earth  between  tho  Equator  and  lU' 
South  Polo. 

The  iiinp  of  tlic  world,  No.  2.,  in  tlio  Atlas,  showi  tho  Northern  and 
Suiilhern  lleinixphcreH. 

51.  What  arc  tlic  natural  divisions  of  tho  land  surface  of  the  earth? 
A.  Continents,  Pcninsuliis,  Isthmuses,  Islands,  Capos,  and 

Proiiiontorics. 

53.  Why  arc  these  culled  natural  divisions  7 

A.  To  di-slinguish  them  from  political  divisions,  such  m 
Empires,  Kingdoms,  nnd  Republics. 

5.3.  What  is  a  Contiiifiit  ? 

A.  A  great  extent  of  land,  containing  many  countries. 
America  is  a  continent. 

54.  What  is  a  Peninsula? 

A.  A  portion  of  land,  nearly  surrounded  by  water.  Africa 
and  South  America  are  peninsulus. 

55.  What  is  an  Isthmus  7 

A.  A  narrow  neck  of  land,  which  joins  two  parts  of  a 
continent,  or  a  peninsula  to  a  continent ;  as  the  Isthmus  of 
Darien,  and  the  Isthmus  of  Suez. 

56.  Whatari!  Islands? 

A.  Portions  of  land,  entirely  surrounded  by  water,  as  the 
British  Islands,  or  Newfoundland. 

57.  What  is  a  Cape  ? 

A.  A  point  of  land  extending  into  the  sea,  as  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  Cape  Horn. 

58.  What  is  a  Promontoiy  7 

A.  A  high  point  of  land,  extending  into  tho  sea,  the  ex- 
treme end  of  which  is  sometimes  called  a  cape,  sometimes  a 
point,  and  sometimes  a  headland. 


Pi 

on 
no 

th 

li« 
"I 
da 
nil 
lui 

M< 


tWi 


ma 


(8. 

WH  tho  Eaatcrn  and 

liu  Equator  T 
spheres, 
rino? 
Hijuulor  and  tV 

rino? 

i  Equator  and  tU' 

>V8  the  Northern  and 

Burfuccof  the  earth? 
iuids,  Ciipes,  and 

livisions,  such  aw 


many  countries. 


by  water.     Africa 


IS  two  parts  of  a 
as  tlic  Isthmus  of 


by  water,  as  the 


ea,  as  the  Cape  of 


)  the  sea,  the  ex- 
capc,  sometimes  a 


r 


OEOap\pinc\L   ORriNITIONI!. 


15 


~^'l-^. 


SoniB  Capon  and 
rroinnntfiric'H  liavo 
li^'hUhMiiMi'd  built 
on  thi'iri :  thcKu  are 
no  called  Ix-cnUHo 
they  huve  a  Itriiflit 
liL'litliitrninif  onlhu 
<)|>  of  tliciii  after 
d;irl<,tiiatHlii|iMiiiay 
111)1  sail  loo  near  tho 

•W.  Wl,r.t   i.    a  '  •■O^^Kl^S^...-,.-^..  ^.. 

"'"""•"'"  '  A  IT.mionlory  and  UthlUmiM. 

A.  A  portion  of  land,  raised  up  to  a  great  height. 

60.  IIow  hif^h  arc  tho  lilj;hcNt  mountain,  in  tho  world  7 

A.  fhcy  an;  about  five  and  a  half  miles  high;  others  are 
two,  three,  and  four  miles  high. 

61.  What  is  a  chain  or  ranjfo  of  Mountain*  1 

A.  A  numVr  of  mountains  joinnd  together,  and  extending 
many  hundreds,  and  even  thouHatids  of  miles  in  length. 


62.  What  i«B  Volcano  7 

A.  A  burning  mountain,  with  an  opening  at  the  top,  called 
a  crater.  to  j , 

63   What  ri8c«  (iom  the  crater  of  a  Volcano  7 


'r 


II 


'I 


le 


OEOURAPIIICAL    DEFINITIONS. 


A.  Fire  nnd  sinoko  constnntly  rise  fnnii  many  VoIcanrK^. 

64.  \\  ImtamHonioliinuH  thrown  iml  l>y  Viili'iiruM  m  ? 

A.  Melted  liivn,  lnri,'c  .stones,  a.shos,  and  ollcn  fl(KKl8  of  water. 

65,  How  many  VolcnniK'n  iiro  tlicro  in  llio  wurlt!  7 

A.  Moi-c  than  iJOO:  of  wliicli  upwards  of  one-half  an-  r 
Ami'ricn. 

Cilicii  and  tnwnn  arc  iinmrtinirN  dct  on  fire  by  tlio  bnrninj;  lavn  Vriii'li 
floWM  down  tlic  BulfH  of  vnlninors  :  others  hnvo  Ix'cn  dinirr.jtU  by  tlm.ta 
of  water  J  and  Hornc  by  vaet  ihowcra  of  hot  oxhiB, 


Aiicuiit  ul   Aluiit  Uluiic. 

Sonw  mountaini  arc  so  Ftccp  and  rufrfjcd,  tliat  it  is  diflTicult  to  aflccr.d 
lo  the  top  of  tliem.  The  picture  rcprtscntB  a  party  of  men  goinj(  up 
Mont  Blanc,  tlio  higiiC8t  mountain  in  Europe.  Tlicy  wore  more  thnn 
rtvo  days  in  getting  to  the  top,  and  were  almost  froicn  with  cold.  The 
sunimitii  of  the  highest  mountains,  even  tliosc  in  tJio  hottest  parts  of 
tlio  earth,  are  always  covered  witli  ice  and  snow. 

GG.  ^Vhati^ahilI7 

A.  A  portion  of  land  raised  up,  but  not  so  high  as  a  mour- 
tain. 

67.  What  is  a  Valley? 

A.  A  low  portion  of  country  between  mountains  or  hills. 

63.  What  is  a  Plain  7 

A.  A  portion  of  country  nearly  flat  or  level. 

6!).  Arc  all  plains  alike  in  appearance  7 

A.  No ;  some  are  covered  with  grass,  some  with  trees,  and 
Bome  only  with  sand. 


w 

w 


ov 


an 


1 

cam 
grot 
pict 
of  V 

7 

A 

aco 


■.«.<»»?ia*Ei5(i^-,- 


ON8. 

I  many  VoI<;nnoo«. 

imH  ? 

)ll('ll  fl(KMl8of  WatlT. 

,rlil  7 

i  of  onc-hulf  nrc  n 

ln!  bnminjj lavn  Vriii'li 
«x>iidi'ii<r;->fU  by  (Iih.ui 


.t  it  is  dilTinult  to  aRccr.d 
party  of  men  goinj(  up 
Tlicy  wore  more  thun 
froion  with  cold.  Tlie 
in  tlie  liotlcst  parts  of 

V. 

SO  high  as  a  mour- 


mountains  or  hills, 
level, 
some  with  trees,  and 


QBOaHAPUICAL   DSriNlTIONt. 


17 


70.  What  «re  plaini  covered  wiUj  land  called  7 

wl.^'a!^*""^  are  denominated  deserts;  some  are  also  covennl 
witer!  ^  ""'"^  ""^  «'''"'''*"y  '^«"""'«  of 

71.  Which  are  the  large«t  doiierta  in  the  world  7 

Ant  '^''°  ^"""^  ^^"""^  ^'^'^'  ""''  ^^  '^''^^  '^  Gobi,  ir 

72.  With  what  ia  the  African  desert  interspersed  7 

A.  Various  fi,rtilo  spots  that  are  scattered  hero  and  (here 
over  the  surface,  like  islands  in  the  ocean. 

73.  What  are  these  called  7 

.„}*c7''*'^  ""^  *^""'''',  ^'^J'-  *'"^y  "^  generally  inhabited, 
and  serve  as  rcstmg  places  for  travellers.  "»""««, 


Tbe  Orsat  Dsasrt 


greatly  from  want  of  water,  and  MmeUmos  perish  ftom  thirst,  TJie 
picture  represents  a  small  caravan  crossing  the  desert,  one  of  the  people 
of  which  appears  to  have  just  expired.  vuiuwpeopw 

74.  What  are  Caves  or  Caverns  7 

A.  They  arc  openings  in  the  earth,  often  wonderful  on 
account  of  their  grej».t  sixe  and  extent. 
C 


fc-*.  :*(■-_ -..iM^  **5^4H)^?"^^.W"" 


t^r^ 


1' 

■1 


111 


^^!^^ 


18  OGOaRAPIIICAL   DBFtNITIONI. 

One  of  th« 
moHt  rrinurkublo 
in  FinKnl'ii  Cave, 
in  St»trn,  an  iiil. 
and  Mil  tlic  wont 
cdiiHiorScotlaiiiL 
ItR  Nidm  aro  fuiw 
mcd  with  the  rc0. 
uiarity  of  wulU 
of  hewn  Mtonai 
It  ill  'i-il  feet  in 
length,  nnd  49 
feet  wide,  and 
prcHcnti  a  inuMt 
Fingal'i  C.ve.  «trii»in((oxnmplo 

of  the  lublimo  and  beautifUl  ercationi  with  which  Ood  has  adorned  Ih* 

world. 

75,  Wliat  arc  public  roadi  7 

A.  Pntliways  used  for  travelling  from  place  to  place. 

76.  Arc  roadi  uioful  to  mankind  7 

A.  They  ore  highly  useful,  for  without  them  the  people  in 
dOTerent  parts  of  the  same  country  would  not  know  each  othei. 

'77.  What  ia  a  rail-road  T 

A.  An  improved  kind  of  rood,  now  much  used  in  the 
Qnited  States,  ond  also  in  some  parts  of  Europe. 


HB|Hr    *=r=b             e~ 

! 

ipi 

Rill  Ruad. 

Tlie  cara  or  carriagea  uied  on  them,  are  drawn  by  steam  locomotive 
mginei,  at  the  rate  of  20  or  30  miles  an  hour,  and  somctimca  even 
more.  Vast  numbers  of  people,  and  great  quantities  of  merchandise 
are  conveyed  by  them  from  place  to  place,  in  a  maimer  much  mui( 
convenient  than  by  tlie  old  method. 


r 


di 


ar 


CM 


.  T^.> .:-i'*«?S',*S»i^M  V,5" 


One     of     th« 

mnnl  ri'iiiurkulilo 
IM  Finftnl'D  Cave, 
in  StalFa,  an  iiiU 
and  (III  tlic  wo«t 
rdiiHlorHcdtlailit 
Ita  Nidi'ii  nro  (o% 
nicd  with  tlio  rev. 
ulurity  of  wullt 
of  hewn  Mtnn& 
It  i»  iUl  Tvct  Id 
length,  nnd  49 
leot  wide,  and 
prcHcnti  a  inuMt 
utrikinKoxnmpIo 
^  God  has  adorned  ih» 


lace  to  place. 

them  the  people  in 
Dt  know  each  othef. 

much  used  in  the 
luroiK;. 


OEOOBAPIIICAL   DEFINITIONI. 


18 


a  by  steam  locomotive 

and  lomctimcB  even 

titics  of  mcrchandiae 

I  maiuipr  much  mu4 


PRODUCTIONS  OF  Till;  EARTIL 

78.  What  ttro  «ho  productions  of  the  oartht 

A.  They  uro  cither  vefritablo,  animal,  or  mineral, 

79.  What  are  vegctablo  pri(duction«  7 

A.  Those  things  that  grow  out  of  the  ground,  ns  trees, 
plants,  KHiin,  hiiils  and  flowers. 

a>.  What  are  the  vcjfctablo  production,  most  usofiil  to  mankind? 
A.  VVhoaf,  corn,  rye,  rice,  potatoes,  bread-fruit,  &c. 
81.  What  ure  tliu  chief  clasBos  of  the  animal  kingdom  1 
A.  iJcasfs,  birds,  fishes,  reptiles,  and  insects. 

62.  What  are  mincraJH  ? 

A.  Thry  consist  of  substances  of  various  kinds,  that  are 
dug  out  of  the  cartli. 

63.  Wliat  are  ilio  principal  classes  of  minerals  7 

A.  Four :  the  metallic,  the  inflammable,  precious  stoneB, 
and  buildmg-stones, 

84.  What  are  the  most  important  metallic  minerals  7 
A.  They  arc  gold,  silver,  iron,  copper,  and  lead. 

85.  What  arc  the  principal  innaminablo  minerals  7 

A.  Pitcoal,  peat,  sulphur,  bitumen,  and  asphaltum. 

86.  What  are  the  most  valuabjo  precious  stones  7 

A.  Diamonds,  sapphires,  rubies,  and  emeralds. 


OUmood  Siver. 


Diamonds  are  highly  valuable,  and  arp  often  found   amonirst  th« 
wth.  at  the  bottoms  o/rivera.    The  engraving  represents  a  rfvtS 


-IB?^- 


90 


•111 


l\ 


lif 


« 


u 
I 
I 


Onal  tityur, 


aEnuRAriiuAi.  i>KriNiTio!«. 

ftouth  Aiiiiric»,  tVoni  wlilrh  th« 
water  hill  Um  iimrly  ull  jminpeJ 
out  by  tliu  mnrliiiHi  im  III"  'Ig''^ 
hand  ol'lho  niiliiri', ami  i«Br<i  kUv*! 
arc  txaminmg  the  esrlh  for  <*»» 
niunil*. 

87.  What  urn  noirie  of  the  prin 
cipul  builtlmK-KtoixD  ' 

A.  llmiiit<>,  liincHtnno,  mn^ 
lilf,  cliiilk,  Hlutc,  aiul  Hamlstomi. 

Minora!  »yt\nif»,  Uith  liol^  and 
colli,  occur  in  niuny  i>urtii  of  tlie 
cartii.  The  mrmt  rfuiarkulil*  ar« 
tlic  Cioy«cr«,  or  MiKHiling  ii|>riiij(i  of 
li'i'litiiil,  wliii:h  throw  U|>  voUniio*  of 
hot  wulcr,  with  a  noimi  like  cunnun, 
to  tlio  height  of  UU  or  lUU  fvvt 


8. 


ON  THE  FORM  AND  MOTIONS  OF  THE  EARTH. 

SB.  What  in  the  oarlli  7 
A.  It  is  tho  planet  wo  inhabit. 
80.  What  aro  tho  plunotiT 

A.  Immcnno  bodies,  which  revolve  round  the  sun  and  ro 
c^vo  their  light  from  him. 
DO.  What  ia  tho  ahape  or  form  of  tho  enrlh  7 
A.  It  is  like  nn  orange,  being  slightly  flattened  at  tho  poles. 
SI.  By  what  oihor  n>^^lo«  ia  the  earth  known  7 

A.  It  is  also  called  tho  World,  tho  Globo,  and  the  Sphere. 
SO.  How  many  motion*  hoa  the  earth,  and  what  aro  thoy  f 

A.  Two ;  the  daily  and  the  yearly. 
*  93.  What  ia  tho  daily  motion  of  the  earth  7 

A.  That  in  which  it  turns  round  every  twenty-four  hours. 

M.  What  ia  tho  yearly  motion  of  the  earth  7 

A.  That  in  which  it  goes  round  the  sun  once  every  year. 

8B.  What  take*  place  during  the  eartli's  yearly  motion? 

A.  A  change  of  seasons. 

86.  What  ii  a  change  of  aeaaoni  7 


A; 
E 

o< 

ai 


;«,  (Voni  which  tha 
II  iii'iirly  ull  |iuiiip<!J 
mcliiiKi  nil  III"  ri|l''^ 
•tiiri',  iiml  iM'({Ki  ulaveu 
;    the   curlh   tur  d^ 

ire  Home  of  the  prin 
»tuiu'«  I 

to,  liincHfnnr,  mnik 
lute,  and  HaiiilstoiH). 

iriiiKii,  Uith  hot  niul 
1  nitiny  purtu  of  llm 
inrmt  rvinarkulile  ara 
ir  S|M>u(ing  upriiiK*  of 
li  throw  U|>  voUiiiioii  of 
ih  n  iioimi  hkc  caiuiuit, 
uf  UU  or  lUO  t'vvt 


THE  EARTH. 


nd  the  sun  and  ro. 


flattened  at  the  poles. 

)be,  and  the  Sphere, 
what  are  they  t 


■  twenty-four  hours. 

? 

un  once  every  year. 

arly  motion  T 


aKOORAPIIIOAL    UKPINITIONt. 


91 


A.  The  chanxn  from  winter  to  uprinn,  fn.m  itprinK  to  Hummer, 
From  Hiuninor  to  autumn,  and  from  uutmnn  to  winter  ll^ain. 

97.  What  i«  iho  length  of  iho  path  tmvolled  over  by  the  eutli  every 
ye«r,  in  lU  (laiiMgo  round  tl.u  .im  ?  '  ' 

A.  IJpwanU  of  607  millions  of  rnilen,  or  more  than  u 
thousand  mile*  every  minute. 
(W.  What  la  the  cffoct  of  the  earlh'a  daily  motion? 
A.  It  pnhlucos  n  chango  from  day  to  night. 

piid  7*"  """' '"''  ""' '""  "'""'*  •*"  ""  **'••  *•"'  •"''"='  '""^''  ^ 

A.  The  day  ond  night  would  then  each  !»  sii  months  lonu, 
and,  conm-qu»ntly,  then-  would  Im  but  one  day  ond  one  niflhi 
m  the  y«.nr.  In  that  caw,  our  earth  would  bo  scarcely  habitable 

100.  What  do  thcie  thinira  loach  ua  7 

A.  That  the  works  of  the  Almighty  are  directed  by  infinite 
wukJom  and  goodness. 

101.  What  ia  the  axla  of  the  earth  7 

ond'siuth""  """^'""'■y  """  P^'"8  •''™"8'»  '*«  ccn'ro  North 
109.  What  aro  the  polea  of  the  earth? 
A.  The  ends  of  the  axis. 

103.  How  man V  polea  are  there? 

A.  Two;  tho  North,  and  the  South  Polo. 

104.  Where  aro  the  polea  aituated  7 

J'i'J^^  '!u'^o  r"'"  '>  "^  "°"^''  P°'"»  Of  the  earth's  axis 
ffnd  tho  South  Polo  is  tho  8>  uth  point, 

Andt^Zah^l"^  "v '"'  ^r'**'  ^■''-  '•  "'■  ""»  At'"'  ""•  North  Pol- 

Eaatern  and  WcHt.rn  Hcmiaphorea,  that  I.,  a  map  of  both  .ido.  of  tli. 

^U  .Tp  I    '°  """^  "  T"'.  •"•'  •'"'°"?»'  »'"  «»"''•  North  Pol. 
«e  Kh  pi". "°  *"'«™*'"*  ««"«5«.yet  thorela  but  one  North  Pole  and 

105.  How  At  diatant  are  the  polea  aituated  from  each  other? 
A.  One  hundred  ^nd  eighty  degrees. 

106.  How  many  mKea  ia  that  ? 

About  12,500  miles,  which  is  half  round  the  world. 

107.  What  ia  Uie  aiie  or  bulk  of  the  earth  ? 


fHT 


W  UIMKiHAI'IIICAL.    DHriNITIONI. 

A.  It  ia  noarly  '^AiUUU  niiltM  in  circumforcncit,  and  fl,000 
Ui  'lioinetHr.* 

108,  Wh«t  li  metnt  by  Iha  eircuinliirance  uf  (h«  r«rlh  t 

Cirrurnfoit'nf.u  ia  thn  diittuncu  piiind  tKfl  tniiltlln  of  'ta  9ur> 
thee  or  ouuiijc. 

100.  What  i»  nifitnt  liy  diameter  T 

Tha  dutunco  acroM  or  through  thn  middle  part  of  it. 

110,  If  joii  wrro  to  run  a  thread  round  IIir  nuUido  of  an  apple,  the 
length  of  it  would  be  tlio  ntrnt  of  the  i'lr(:uinl!-ri<ni'n  ;  and  if  you  wore 
to  cut  tliu  applii  tliriiii|[li  llie  niiddl«  nn<l  inraiiure 
it  acroea  thu  cut  part,  that  would  Im  tlio  diainetci. 
1 1 1.  Hoyrcat  la  thn  rirnumfi'rcnri'  of  tim  rarth, 
that  if  a  man  could  trnvitl  witliout  intrrruptiun 
fVoin  water,  it  would  take  liini  onu  tlicuiiiaiid  daya, 
or  llirco  ycara,  to  coins  round  to  tlir  idiicii  he 
atarttsd  IVoni,  reckoning  that  ho  travelled  twenty 
five  niilca  every  day. 


10. 


I 


Q 


I 


119.  What  are  the  circloi  of  the  earth? 

Tlin  equator,  tiio  tropics,  the  polar  circloa,  and  tho  paralleia 
and  mcridiariH. 

1 13.  Are  tlioao  circloa  alike  in  extent  T 

Tho  equator  and  inoridianH  only  arc  of  the  same  extent, 
and  are  culled  tho  great  circloa. 

1!4.  What  are  thu  other  circloa? 

The  Tropical  ond  Polar  circles,  ond  the  Parallels.  These 
Ijcing  smaller  in  extent  than  the  former  are  culled  snuill 
liirclos 

115.  What  la  the  E<(Uator  ? 

An  imaginary  great  circloi  extending  east  and  west  routid 
tho  globe,  and  at  an  equal  distance  from  each  pole. 

On  map  oftho  World,  No.  1,  tho  Equator  ia  tho  lino  that  paiaca  through 
tJio  middle  of  botli  hcmiaphcroa.  You  will  find  tlio  word  equator  near  it. 

116.  What  ia  tho  diatuoo  of  the  Equator  iVom  tho  Poloa  7 

It  is  00  degrees,  or  about  6250  miles  from  the  North  Pole, 
and  the  same  from  the  South  Pole. 

*  Tlw  Micl  liia  and  Aiur*  of  the  earth  art  not  rtl  iiniiwn ;  TutthM  meuurtmenli  go  al 
»arii  or  ill  lUffaca  an  otcMiatr  la  dalnrmion  Him*  poiata  iliidlr- 


arc 

I 

•ire 

on  I 


11 

c 


nrntcti,  luid  8,000 

li«  rtlUl  t 

iiiiililln  of  ^'ta  mr- 


le  pnrt  of  it. 

iiiilu  of  An  appin,  did 
ten  ;  iinil  11' you  were 
niiil(ll<i  nml  incamirs 
uiild  Ini  the  (liamRtci, 
ifiTBnco  of  thn  rarlh, 
tvitlioiit  intrrrupliuii 
I  nrii)  tliciimaiKl  <ii^y»t 
mil  to  tliK  tiliicd  Im 
ha  travclktl  twenty 


oao<iii4riii(;AL  UHriNiTioivg. 

117,  Wh«l  m  lh«  Tropic,  7 
They  iini  two  ^inu||,.r  ,.irrlr«   rtin- 
ning    |,ko    iho    Kiiuutor    I-:*wt    unj 

IIH.  Whora  are  thoy  pUemI  ? 

.«M^  ""?  ''""""CB  "f'J'^k  <I.'gn-«i,  or 
1".«7  i,iilo»,  north  ond  *oulh  Irorti  tho 
(Mjiiiilor. 

I  lf».  What  ar«  th«  n«met  of  thn  Tropica?  „,„,^ 

cwp'i;„""'Yr:?,,"L''',,!:';:a.;"'  '■.•/'-tropic.  „rr,no.r  .„. 

prInM  on  th.  Jgo  „f  tho  ma^         """  ""'  "«""'• ''''  •"'*  3"  "'•'  •« 


,  and  tho  paralleia 
tho  samo  extent, 


Parallels.     Those 
aro  culled  snuill 


t  and  west  ruutid 
:h  pole. 

0  that  paiRci  throuf^h 
word  equator  nuar  it. 
tho  Poloi  7 
n  tho  North  Pole, 


itUiar  uMMurainenU  oa  tl 


laO.  What  arc  tho  Polar  Ciroloa  7 

Two  iiinull  circles  running  coat  and  utst, 

191.  Wlicro  are  thoy  placed  7 

At  tho  distonco  of  234  degit«»  from  each  Pulo.  , 

139.  What  are  their  nainea  7 


Parulli'li. 
193.  WhtttaretheParaIloIa7 
Circles  extending  east  and  west. 


Morldiank, 


f4  MmMiAriiiiAL  liMriMi-riitM*. 

194,  Uim  urn  Uwf  rmptvt»ntm4  <m  Uta  M»|W  t 

By  linra  cr<M«ing  iVoiii  tKlii  ki  nuim. 

ISA.  WtMt  tm  Iha  Markllui*  t 

Cir«l«fi  Mtriiilinn  (V..1II  I'..!.'  t.i  Pn!«  J^^«!«h  '!»•  R-'Jita**. 

19*.  Iliiw  •!«  Ibxy  r«pr»«iHt"l  im  llw  M*p»  t 

Hy  l»»«  cxlfiiitum  Innn  iIk"  t«>|»  •'»  i\     imjIihW. 

Point  <Mt  OB  m«p  Nil.  I..  Umi  l'«r»U»U  •nil  M»rldt»n«. 

•97.  Ikiw  •»•  ffM)gf*plil<»l  clrolM  4tvt<ii)d  ' 

A.  Kv.TV  rirrin  i«  •<ipjni«4  m  Ui  «tlvlik<i  iii!o  MO  (ivgnwa, 
tn<i  rvi'ry  <W'gw(  intn  00  K««v,»'"i  '•'•  «l  milini  or  minutra. 

1 9a  Wh»l  U  Umi  Irnfth  of  •  iht*—  "'  •  f  "••  "'"''• ' 

A.  8iity.nin«  nn«l  •  «|uartrr  eoinnwm  «niU«. 

199.  How  will  you  flaJ  Uw  numlwr  of  nill«»  In  utf  fi»M  WIHW 
if  diigruei  7 

A.  By  niultiplyitm  tho  t\»'gr*t%  liy  flO|. 


LATrruDi. 


.130.  WlialUUtititdat 


A.  It  in  (liauinco  fn>m  tho  Equator  either  north  or  ioulh. 

131.  How  U  Utituik  dividMl  t 

A.  Inin  north  tn.l  ii'Hith  Utilii<i«.  All  omintrie*  mtuaU".* 
rH>rtii  «tf  tho  EqiiiHor,  aro  in  nortti  '.ttlitudoj  aiid  ihoae  •otuli 
',(  it,  an<  in  aouth  latituda. 

139.  How  U  UOtuiki  wprpwnted  on  m»p«f 

A.  Hy  linM  drawn  acrtwa  tlw  map  from  •mb  .o  •i«k'. 
riiwie  are  called  parallela. 

133  How  U  UUtudo  numbered  r 

A.  Tho  numlicr*  aro  mnrkiid  on  the  lidoa  of  the  map,  a 
lie  pndu  of  the  liiH«  of  latitude. 

134  '  ■«  ;•  i«Utuda  eounted  T 

A.  In  tWi-e***  from  the  Er  iHor  townnli  llw  polo*  from  1 

131.  How  e«n  you  dUtinguidi  bctwwm  north  tnd  iouth  Utitude  ' 
A.  If  tim  number*  incroMO  from  the  bottom  to  ward*  llw 


Ai 


'■''1 
I 

( 

lud 
1 

A 
nor 


U 
A 

In 

!>ul( 


14( 
A. 
u; 
A. 
I  in 
A. 
/"m 
149. 
A. 


I*. 


{h  Sjjr  RjjiUUOf. 


Hun. 


nnrth  or  tnulh. 

ootintrie*  ntuabvt 
{  will  thoM  auuili 


lot  of  the  map,  a 

L  tlie  |K>Ia(  from  1 

and  louth  UUtwit  * 
lottum  towards  the 


«  U  "'"*  ••  A*""  '    An..  I'aul,  ,„  M.  ,„d  p„Uy  (^ 

^"' rL'"  t/S'lr   " """"•    '"  -"*«  '•'«-<.  „   N^u, 

«|l.  In  WI.M  U.i,ud«  U  H.m.1.  An.rri.,*  T    An..  N  L«  .„J  i  i 

n  I.  \v)i«t  1. 11,0  nimao  ai  u>„  r,,i«, ' 

ui:ii'c;;rn;' ;!'«■""•  **''"^''  '•  "-  '"»  o«ton.  ^  which  Uti. 

A.    It  nicail't  hlVd.hhj    it  unM  n..  !•     II 

north  an.l  .o„.h,  Ikt  ,  1,,  hn  it     '      '^  '""«  "«"  '"  <'''•"»"<•''- 

l«.  I  ..  ,J.a  d.ff,c..  „f  |„i,udu  vary  in  |„„g„, , 

A.    I  hoy  aro  .H-urly  „||  ^lik,.,  |^.,„^  „,        -    . 

In  flon»Bnijrnco  of  tl,„  r»„i.  k.        ,.      ^  *  """'"  '"»'^'"- 

i«t  6ui  mile.  i. .  ,ui,  fvZgo  „;•  U.X  i,f.;;It* """"  ""'"*  °'  •^•■''' 


LON(;iTU[)E. 

I4C.  What  li  lungiiudo} 

A.  Fra.„  U.c  place  of  begi„,u„g.  180  degree,  each  wy 


OEOOHAPIIICAL   DEPINITIONB. 

therefore  tho  longitude  of  n  pluco  cannot  be  more  than  180 
degreca  east  or  west. 

150.  How  11  it  marked? 
A.  Generally  in  numbers  on  tlio  top  and  bottom  ol  the 

map,  at  the  end  of  the  meridians. 

On  muD  of  the  world,  No.  1 ,  the  lonRit  ide  in  marked  on  the  Rqimtor, 
„  "onruoncc  of  awant  of  ro^n.  at  the  .-ndn  of  the  lines ;  Imt  -n  n.a,.H 
Nob!T'i,  5  Ji!  &e.,  it  iH  marl.c.,1  at  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  n.ap-. 

151.  How  can  you  distinguish  between  east  and  west  longitudo  7 
A.  If  the  numbers  increase  towards  the  riyht  hand,  it  w 

east  longitude;  but  if  they  increase  towards  the  Icll  hand,  it 
is  west  longitude. 

ir.9.  Arc  tho  degrees  of  longituJo  of  tho  «ame  length  as  those  of 
htitmie?  ,       «  ,  id 

A.  On  the  Equator  thny  are  very  nearly  of  the  same  lengtli 
as  those  of  latitude,  but  no  where  else. 

isa.  How  do  they  diffcV  from  those  of  latitude  7 

A  Thcv  constantly  decrease  as  we  RO  either  north  or 
south  fJShe  equator  towards  the  poles,  where  the  meridians 
a!l  meet,  and  the  longitude  ceases. 


154.  Wi'.at  is  tho  meaning  of  the  word  longitude  7 

A  It  si.nif.es  length.  It  was  u.ed  for  this  purpose  becau^ 
formerly  Ihe  earth  was  supposed  to  be  much  longer  from  East 
to  West  than  from  North  to  South.  ,    ,      „    ,     ,Vnm 

155.  On  some  of  the  maps  the  longitude  ".-""S^^llf  '^^^J^^^^^^ 

nlaccs,  and  are  numbered  aceordmgly. 

156.  How  do  nations  generally  reckon  longitude  i 
A.  From  the  capital  of  their  own  country. 

iTon  the  Equator  a  degree  of  longitude  is  69  J  nnle«  m  -gth  ; 
ct"s«.8lhe  EcuLr.  there  is  ne.Uier  latitude  nor  longitude. 


\ 


ha 


cor 

] 

ton 

1 

J 
pasi 

1 

Soul 

A 

'OWi 

i: 

A 

Wci 

11 


18. 


l)c  more  than  180 


nd  bottom  of  the 

rkcd  on  tho  Fqimtor, 
X  lincH;  hut  on  iim|ii« 
ottom  pf  tlic  iiiiips. 
id  west  longituilc  ? 
0  rif^lit  hand,  it  w 
ds  tlio  Icll  huiid,  it 

3  length  as  those  of 
of  llic  same  Icngtii 

b7 

(TO  citlior  north  or 

rhcru  tlic  meridians 


ludoT 

his  purpose  because 

ch  longer  from  East 

larked  on  the  top  trnm 

in,  the  difference  being 

tho  longitude  of  tiotli 

tudo? 

titry, 

igton;  the  English  from 
ipaniardt  from  Madrid 
is  COJ  milcB  in  '<">^th  ; 
18  of  that  extent ;  at  fiO 
ter  ;  and  at  tlie  poles  it 

e,  and  those  on  the  firs? 
w  hero  'ho  first  meridian 
lor  longitude. 


I 


aEoanAPiiicAL  iiefimtionb. 


2? 


Oreciidi'r'  "  ""  '^'"'""'"""  "^  '""»""•'''  »*'*«'"'  Washington  and 

ui  wl'"!  "  ■''"  ''"^*''  "'■  "  '^'1^"'  "'■  '""ff'tude  on  the  Eq.mtor  1 
on  li':^2d!.?re'^?Vn'd  af  iSZ?'-  •^"'"<^"'  ^  ""'  «""' ««««-» 
163.  Wliere  is  there  no  latitude  ? 
161.  Wlioro  is  there  no  longitude  ? 

..cither  lutituli^'ror  Lngitl.  "''^  "^  '""'"'=''•    '"  """  "i""'  "■"«  - 


•15 


Maps. 

165.  What  is  a  map? 

A.  A  picture  of  a  part  or  tho  whole  of  tho  earth's  surface 

166.  WhutarcQnumbcr  of  maps  made  into  a  book,  called  7 
A.  An  Atlas. 

167.  In  wiiat  way  are  maps  usually  drawn? 

A.  Tlic  top  of  the  nr.  ip  is  north,  the  bottom  south,  the  rich 
hand  s  cast,  and  the  left  liand  west.    .  '        ^" 

1 68.  What  is  meant  by  North,  South,  East,  and  West  7 

compaSr^  ""^  '^'^  ^'"'  ""■'''""'  "'  I^"""'P'^'  P«'»^  °f  'ho 

169.  Wlmt  is  a  compass  7 
A.  An  instrument  used  by  naviTa- 

tors  at  sea,  to  poinf  out  their  course.'' 

170.  How  does  it  point  out  their  course  7 
A.  The  needle,  or  bar  of  tho  com- 
pass, always  pointy  to  the  nr  rtli. 

Soutl/'  '"  *^'""  '•''■*'*=*''"*  "°  '^•"■'h  «nd 

172.  In  what  direction  docs  East  and  West  lie? 

173.  lfvou.i™d.,u,,.„ft„tow.ri,  ,h.™  th.  ,™  r«^,l,. 


.  tJ!^»***W9J!ftlT^ 


. -^  -ijimm 


ir 


'28 


QEoanAFincAL  nEFi«nioMii. 


North  will  bo  on  your  left  hand,  the  South  on  your  right  hand,  ondtlie 
Wwt  will  bo  behind  you. 


174.  On  maps,  rivers  ajc  shown  by  black  lines  winding  aciordinR 
to  their  course. 

175.  Mountains  arc  fhown  by  lines  which  form  u  shade  in  thodirto 
lion  in  which  they  extend. 

176.  Cities  and  towns  nro  nhown  by  a  black  dot,  and  the  capitals  of 
countries  by  a  large  dot  and  eight  smaller  ones  around  it. 

177.  The  boundaries  of  countries  are  made  by  dotted  linos. 

178.  Sandy  descrls  and  sand  banks  in  tho  ocean,  are  shown  by  a 
^cat  number  of  dots  resembling  sand.  The  ocean,  or  sea,  is  shaded 
by  lines  to  separate  it  from  the  land. 

179.  The  latitude  is  shown  by  lines  extending  on  tho  maps  fVom  side 
U)  side,  end  tlio  longitude  by  lines  running  from  the  top  to  the  bottom, 
«xcept  on  map  No.  2,  of  tho  world,  w'  ere  the  latitude  is  shown  by  cir. 
cular  lines,  extending  in  succession  ft  .Hhcr  and  fartiicr  from  the  centre, 
and  longitude  by  straight  lines  extending  from  the  centre  to  tho  cir- 
cumferencc.  . 

180.  Point  out  on  map  No.  4,  of  tho  Atlas,  the  Mississippi,  the  Mis- 
souri, the  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Columbia  rivers. 

181.  Point  out  tlie  t.tics  of  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Balti. 
more,  Now  Urloans,  Havanna,  La  Pucbla,  and  Guanaxuato. 

182.  Poii  I  out  the  capitals,  MonUcal,  Washington,  Mexico,  St  Sal- 
»ador,  and  I'ort  au  Prince 


r 


b( 
A 

.VI 

Sii 


sill 
pol 


rou 
1 


18! 
A. 
betw( 
19( 
A. 


^'•'ii^^:m^jammi»m:»^»mmmn»0mwiimekii<mi^S^^imiiS 


right  hand,  and  tlia 


I  winding  aciordinn; 
a  vhadc  in  Iho  dirco 

t,  and  the  capital*  of 

'ound  it. 

dotted  linos, 

:an,  aro  shown  by  a 

m,  or  Bca,  is  sliadcd 

>n  tlie  maps  fVom  side 
the  top  to  the  bottom, 
tudo  iH  sliown  by  cir. 
irtiicr  from  the  cciitro, 
the  ccntro  to  tlio  cir- 

Misaissippi,  the  Mis> 

:,  Philadelphia,  Balti. 

aanaxuato. 

jTton,  Mexico,  St  Sal- 


OBOUBAPUICAL  UliFINITIOWi.  gS 

America  and  KuJanAmerka  """"'•  ^""'"<^''.  "nd  »Hitwte„  llriti«h 

186.  What  ore  Zoiiuh  ? 

A.  SucfionH  or  <livi.sioimorihcpnrlh'» 
"urfnco,  (oinit'd  Iiy  iho  ironies  and  tlio 
polar  circles. 

187.  What  docs  tho  word  Zr.no  mrun  7        \  ':Z"' 

A.  A  Ixjit  or  girdle,  because  it  passes  ^C^'i^mih,^.      , 
round  tho  earth.  V  ^i-^'-^^    J^  V 

^<ri''r  •»!''>' 

188.  How  many  Zones  aro  there  7  .  Z^iT"^ 
A.  Five;  one  torrid,  two  temperate,  and  two  frigid  zones. 


/'in* 


TORRID  ZOlfE. 

189.  What  part  of  the  earth's  surface  is  occupied  by  the  Torrid  Zone  ? 
A.  Iho  part  which  hc8  on  both  sides  of  tho  Eouafor  anrf 

ZV^".  ^T'  °''  ^""'^^  ""^  ">«  Tropic  of  Capricorn 

190.  What  IS  the  meaning  of  tho  word  Torrid  7 

A.  It  means  very  hot,  parched,  or  dried  up. 


etmmmm^-^^mitS^me'ii'- 


■'^'1^ 


mm 


30 


OEOORAFUICAL   DBFIN1TIOM8. 


191.  What  II  tho  breadth  of  the  Torrid  Zone  ? 
A.  It  in  3243  miles  in  breadth  from  North  to  South. 
193.  Why  ii  tho  Torrid  Zono  tho"  hottctt  part  of  Uio  earth  t 
A.  Because  it  is  more  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the  sun  than 
»ny  other  part  of  tho  earth. 

193.  What  are  Uio  wagon*  of  tho  Torrid  Zono  1 
A.  Two ;  tho  wet  and  tho  dry. 

194.  To  whicli  of  our  Bcimoni  do  they  correspond  7 

A.  The  wet  season  corresponds  to  our  winter,  and  the  dry 
to  our  summer. 

195.  Wlmt  i«  tlio  climate  of  tho  Torrid  Zone  T 

A.  Dui  u<'  some  parts  of  tl»c  year  it  is  delightful;  but  at 
ether  times  tho  heat  is  very  oppressive,  and  the  earth  u 
parched  and  dried  up. 


19C.  To  what  is  tho  Torrid  Zono  subject  7 

A.  To  the  most  violent  storms  of  wind,  which  destroy 
almost  every  thing  within  their  reach. 

197.  To  what  else  is  the  Torrid  Zono  subject  7 

A  It  is  more  subject  to  earthqimkcs  than  the  other  parts 
of  the  earth,  and  is  also  the  seat  of  dangerous  and  deadly 
diseases. 

198.  For  what  is  the  Torrid  Zono  reinnrkablcT 

A  For  the  finest  fruits,  many  of  the  most  useful  vegetable 
productions,  and  tho  largest  and  most  ferocious  animals. 

199.  What  arc  some  of  tho  principal  fruits  of  the  Torrid  Zonet 
A.   Oranges,    lemons,  pine-apples,  cocoa-nuts,  and    th 

bread-fruit. 

200.  What  are  somo  of  the  most  usefid  vegetable  productions  7 
A.  Coffee,  tea,  sugar,  indigo,  cinnamon,  cloves,  nutmegs 

and  pepper. 

201.  Which  are  tho  uost  remarkable  animals  7 

A.  The  elephant,  rhinoceros,  hippopotamus,  camelopard, 

lion,  and  tiger. ,  .     ,  , 

202.  What  are  some  of  tho  other  remarkable  animals  7 

A  The  ostrich  and  condor,  with  numerous  birds  of  splendid 


T 


in 

do 
pri 


20 

A, 

201 

A. 

oerat 

IZonc 

sc; 

A. 

208 

A. 

209 

A. 


-'■«g*«^»^<«'*i»faMi)a»>  li|l|Wli»»l>lTllllW>  ailTWi  M»liiMB>» 


/s:istaillitft^illSmi^< 


IS. 


th  to  South. 

r  tlio  earth  T 

X  of  the  Bun  than 


>nd7 

inter,  and  the  dry 


doHghtful;  but  at 
and  the  earth   a 


nd,  which  dertroy 


ban  the  other  parts 
gcrous  and  deadly 

)7 

ost  useful  vegetable 
)ciou^  animals, 
f  the  Torrid  Zonot 
>coa-nuto,  and    th 

table  productions  7 
n,  cloves,  nutmegs 

U7 

tamus,  camelopard, 

0  animals  7 

ous  birds  of  splendid 


T 


io»*m*nm'^vir»:im^tmit!Si^' 


OEnQRAPIIICAL   DBPIMITION8. 


31 

mSf'  "'"^  "''  ^"^'"  "'"^  '"°'"  ^«"°"'«"»  »«Tcnts  and 
^203.  VV).at  aro  the  complexion  and  habiUof  the  p«„plo  of  tJ,c Torrid 

do^tSSS^Sl^J^i  -  ^'-k  colour,  and  .„. 
804.  What  is  (heir  character  7 

Pri^e.  rSrrng."^  ""°'"  ''''"^'''''''  '"^  '-"^-try.  enter. 
19 


TIMPCiUTa   Z0NI8. 


205.  Where  are  tiio  TcmporatB  Zones  situated  7 
A    Between  the  tropics  and  the  polar  circles. 
.J06.  How  are  they  distinguished  from  each  other  7 

-W8.  Where  is  the  north  temperate  Zone  situated  7 

i,  w.'"'""  '^  "-"P'^  «<"  Cancer  and  the  arctic  circle 

209.  Where  .s  the  south  temperate  Zone  situated  7 

A.  Between  the  tropic  of  Capricorn  and  the  antarctic  circle 


■*«H 


3'/  aEtKlllAPIIICAL    DBFINITlONa. 

910.  Wlial  ii  the  briudlli  of  llir  tciiiiM-riito  Zone*? 

A.  Thoy  occupy  u  brcailth  of  ulM)Ut  lil)70  iiiilcs  each. 

911.  What  aro  tlio  icoiions  of  tho  U'liiiKTatu  Ziini!«  ? 

A.  They  urc  four ;  Kiiring,  fc!uir.mor,  Autumn  or  Full,  ami 
Winter. 

8ia.  Wlint  climnto  does  the  tempcrnfo  Zonos  enjoy  1 

A.  Tln'v  enjoy  n  more  e(iiml  ami  liiiillliy  clinmte  than  auf 
©her  parts  of  tlie  earth. 

'Ji;).  Do  tho  IcrnporntP  Zniiog  equal  thu  torrid  Zone  in  tiio  iiuiiiIh: 
.if  their  vrgelublo  p.'cHluctioim  ? 

A.  The  veyetahJc  productions  of  the  tempornto  Zones  nri 
neither  so  numerous  nor  luxuriant  as  tiiose  of  tiie  torrid  Zone. 

3H.  What  uro  the  principal  vcgclublo  pruductionn  of  tho  tcm|)«rat( 
Zonoa  ? 

A.  Corn,  wheat,  and  rice,  with  apples,  peaches,  pears, 
olives,  and  fiys. 

815.  Are  fhe  uuiniuls  of  tho  tcnipcrato  Zones  like  those  of  iJie  torrid 
Zone? 

A.  No :  they  are  generally  of  smaller  size,  and  are  less 
numerous  and  ferocious. 

916.  Of  wliat  kindB  aro  tho  animals  of  tho  temperate  Zonca? 
A.  Of  tho  doniestic  and  u.seful  kinds  mostly. 

917.  What  are  aomo  of  tho  domcBlic  animals  7 

A.  The  horse,  camel,  ox,  ass,  mule,  sheep,  hog,  and  dog 

918.  Wliat  aro  some  of  tho  wild  animals  7 

A.  The  bear,  wolf,  bufTalo,  elk,  deer,  and  fox. 

919.  What  aro  tlio  colour  and  character  of  tho  inhabitants  of  t)u> 
tumperatu  Zones  7 

A.  Those  of  the  north  temperate  Zone  in  particular  have 
white  or  fair  complexinnH,  and  generally  more  .strength  of 
body  and  mind  than  the  inhabitants  of  tho  other  Zones. 

S20.  For  what  are  they  distinguislicd  1 

A.  For  industry,  enterprise,  and  learning, 

921.  What  do  they  comprise  7 

A.  Tlie  most  civilized  and  improved  portion  of  mankind. 

222.  What  Zone  lies  south  of  this  country? 

S23.  What  Zuno  separates  tlic  north  temperate  and  south  temperate 
Sones  from  each  other  7 

924.  In  what  Zone  do  we  live  7 


T 


I 


!:/■ 


■ 


iu 
A, 
2di 
A. 

Zone 
83; 
A. 
92e 

A. 

22;) 

A. 

S.'JO, 
parts  (J 

A. 
a  sma 

231. 

A. 

232. 

A. 
uninru 


■■jttai*Wa»3*iN  WMWw*^. 


»l»>iiBa(MWafad>^ife" ' 


8. 


? 


I  miles  each. 

iva  7 

umii  or  Full,  and 

joy? 
cliiimto  than  niir 

!unu  ill  tliu  iiuiiiImi 

porntc  Zonos  an 
)f  tilt!  torrid  Zone, 
inn  of  thu  temperate 

peaches,  pears, 

10  thoao  of  tliu  torrid 

izc,  and  arc  lesa 

pcrato  ZoncH  ? 
tly. 

p,  hog,  and  dog 

d  fox. 

a  inhabitanta  of  Uu> 

n  particular  have 
more  strcngtli  of 
ather  Zonea. 


:ion  of  mankind, 
and  MUth  temperat* 


! 


OIWKJIUPlilCAL   DKFINITION8. 

20. 


M 


»'HI01D  ZONKS 


Sf-J.  Wlierc!  arc  tlio  frigid  Zone,  .ituatcd  7 

A    Ik-twcon  tho  polar  circles  and  the  poles. 

-ab.  IFow  uro  they  diHtinjfiiisIied  7 

827.  VVJicrc  ,n  tl.o  north  frigid  Zone  situated  7 

L  w^"""  '^°  ""*'"  '''■*='°  ""'^  "'«  North  Pole. 
3.J8.  Where  is  tho  .outh  frgid  Zone  Hituated  7 

A    I{otwit>n  the  antarctic  circle  and  tho  South  Pole 

5S9.  Why  are  the  Zones  about  the  polen  ealled  frigid  7 

A.  nocause  tho  climate  is  excessively  cold 

P.ruofr'cijtil'r  •="""'"  "'■"""«'  2--  colder  "than  that  of  other 

831.  What  aro  tho  Frigid  Zone,  covered  with  7  •     '     '  '• 
A.  Chiefly  with  ice  and  snow. 

832.  What  are  tJ.o  seasons  of  t).o  Frigid  Zonos  7 

A.   1  ho  seasons  are  two ;  a  lone  cold  winfnr  o..j        l 
«mmer,  without  spring  or  autumn  """^  "  '^°" 


GKOUKAritlCAL    IieriNITIONI. 


333.  What  OuiU  arc  fuund  in  tlio  Friirid  ZonoiT 

A.  Only  u  ftiw  hiiiuII  borrica  which  grow  in  hose  pnrta 
nearest  to  tho  teinperuto  Zones. 

334.  What  idntl  of  tolmali  live  there  t 

A.  None  but  the  motif  hardy,  M  the  White  Boar,  Musk 
Ox,  Keindfi-r,  &c. 

333.  What  are  tho  niimtx-T,  •loturc,  and  colour  of  tho  itilmbi»anl»» 

A.  Tht-y  are  but  few  in  number,  of  short  stuture,  iind  have 
(larl<  complexions. 

336.  In  wliat  aro  they  deficient? 

A.  In  intelligence,  being  ignorant  of  rcuding,  and  writing. 

earning. 

21 

QUESTIONS  ON  TIIK  DIFFKUKNT  ZONKS, 
(Tht  Jxr*t  Map  of  the  Alla»  brjort  the  Uarntr.) 

237.  On  nmp  of  the  vorld,  No.  1,  WcMlcrn  Hcinidphcrc,  point  oui 
the  coiinlrivH  tiiat  iiro  in  thi;  'I'orriil  /omo. 

A.  Th<7  are  pint  of  Mo.,*  the  wlioio  of  Ga.,  Ca.,  Ga. 
Pu.,  III. 

SIIH.  Point  out  tho  Ixlundii  in  tliu  Torrid  Zone,  beginning  at  the  left 
hand  itido  of  the  map. 

A.  Tiuy  iiro  Sh.,  Me.,  Nh.,  Fy.,  Fe„  N.-Ca„  Sy.,  Gn. 
Ms.,  Gh.,  W..Ih.,  C.  Vc. 

S.'li).  I'oint  out  tho  cuuntricg  in  llio  Torrid  Zono,  on  tlio  Map  of  the 
EuHtern  lleiuiNplierc. 

A.  They  nro  pnrt  of  the  Gt.-Dt.,  the  whole  of  Sa.,  Ga,, 
L.-CJa.,  Sn.,  En.,  Zr.,  purt  of  An.,  part  of  Iln.,  Hm.,  part  of  Ca. 

340.  Point  out  the  iHlandw  in  tho  Torrid  Zone,  in  tho  Eontcrn  Ucini. 
■phero,  iM'ginning  at  tho  left  hand. 

A.  They  are  S.-Hn.,  part  of  Mr.,  Mn.,  Cn.,  Sn.,  Jn.,  pnr 
of  Fa.,  Mn.,  Pe.,  Le.,  Ce.,  Bo.,  Cs.,  Se.,  Tr.,  N.-Gn.,  N.-Id., 
N.-Bn.,  Le.,  part  of  Aa. 

241.  Point  out  tho  countries  in  tho  North  Temperate  Zone,  of  tU 
WcHtern  IleiniMphcro. 

A.  They  nro  a  pnrt  of  Aa.,  part  of  N.-Bn.,  Lr.,  part  of 
Gd.,  Ca.,  U..Ss.,  part  of  Mo. 

•The  li'tlors  Mo..Ga.,ra.,&c.,  are  tlie  firrt  and  lam  letters  of  the  names 
of  those  louiitriuH  that  the  learner  is  required  to  p»int  out  on  the  map 


■P 
th 


« 


>M«rfij  I'ii^u&httt'^'- 


>NS. 

»7 

'uw  in    ho8o  pnrta 

IVhito  near,  Mimk 

ir  of  tlio  inlmbi'ontiif 
t  stuturu,  and  havu 

tiding,  and  writing. 

n'  Z(JNES, 
«  Itnrntr.) 
IciiiiMplicro,  point  out 

of  Ga.,  Ca.,  Ga. 

),  beginning  at  tlie  left 

N..Ca„  Sy.,  Gn. 

no,  on  tlio  Map  of  the 

whole  of  Stt.,  Go,, 
In.,  Km.,  part  of  Ca. 
I,  in  tlio  Eastern  Ucini. 

,  Cn.,  Sa.,  Ja.,  par 
[>.,  N..Ga.,  N..ld., 

cmpcrato  Zone,  of  tin 
^.-Bn.,  Lr.,  part  of 

limt  lettcro  of  the  names 
I  pr>int  out  on  the  map 


OKOClRAFIIICAt.    DBFINITIONI.  g| 

949,  Point  out  the  iiinnda. 

A.  Tlu-y  am  tho  An.,  Vn.,*  Nd.,  A«. 

943.  Point  out  tho  countries  in  tho  North  Tcmperato  Zona  of  the 
FiUtcrn  llcmisphoro.  ■"    «" 

A.  Th«y  an.  a  part  of  Sa.,  Fo.,  Sn.,  FJy.,  part  of  tho  Ot.. 

'"••  '''l-'A"-.  ly-.  ly.,  ru.,partof  Au.,Ty.,  part  of  I  In.,  Tt, 
k»irt  ol  Cc.  ^ 

944.  Point  out  tho  ialiinds. 

of  Fa'^'"'"^  "*""  '''■'  "''"'""  '^"•'  "'"•*  ^"-  '^"•'  ^-  P""* 

9  J.').  Point  out  tho  countries  in  tho  South  Tcmperato  Zono  of  tl» 
Meslurn  llemuplicro. 

A.  They  art  Ci.,  B-s.-As.,  Pa. 

946.  Point  out  tlio  Islands. 

A.  Thoy  aj^  N.-Zd.,  Co.,  Fd.,  Ta.-Fo.,  S.-Sd.,  S.-Oy.,  S.. 
Ld.,  part  ol  Gs.-Ld.  ' 

Jttrn  lltliSer':  """'""'  '"  ""  *>""•  '^•""P«""«  ^one  o,' tlv. 
A.  Thty  aro  Co.-Cy.,  Ca. 

948,  Point  out  tho  islands. 

Of  A„.'vis:.s:-^"'  ''"•• ""'  '^^•'  ^'-  p"'*  °^'^'"  P-" 

-p£  s;:;^oS,';S';s.£jiLSaS!''''^''''^™  "-"'• 

snh!l°'  .T.!"i  """"";«%'"  "'»  North  Frigid  Zone  of  tho  Eastern  Ilomi. 
»pherc,  aro  Ld.,  part  of  Aa.,  with  tho  islands  Sn.,  Na.,  Za.,  N.-So. 

951.  Tho  only  land  in  tho  South  Frigid  Zono  of  tho  Western  Homi 
.ph.ro.  „  a  part  of  GH.-Ld  Va..Ld. ,  an^d  in  tho  Sou.1  Fr  g  d  So.o  ol 
tho  Eastern  lleinisphoro  there  is  Es.-Ld.  and  tho  AcCt. 

In  what  Zono  does  tho  United  States  lie  7    N.  To. 
What  Zono  contains  tho  largest  animals  7    Td. 
Which  Zones  contain  the  most  useful  animals  7    To. 
Which  Zones  produce  tho  most  hardy  animals  7    Fd. 
Which  Zono  is  most  subject  to  violent  storms  of  wind  7    Td. 
In  which  Zono  aro  tho  people  tho  most  industrious  7    N.  Te.' 
Which  Zono  is  Uio  most  subject  to  earthquakes  7    Td.         ' 
In  which  Zones  is  tho  climate  most  healthy  7    To 

civSd  naia  '"nTo"^"  ^°""  ''""^■"'  ^'^  --'  Po-rfiil  and 


mAmM  msmhili^- 


36 


OrrmHAPlllCAL   OMIIMiriONB. 


K)UTIlAI.  DIVWIONS. 

aw.  Tl.n  i..l...l.iU<.l  ,mr(.  cf  111.'  <■  'r'l'  I"';"  •,7"    ^""*.  ^V''  .••''? 
linu.  .livMl.  a  I..10  Kmi-irc,   KinB-lo,..-,   H«,ml.h«,  -la  «Ul..,  o. 

vwloiiii  kiinU, 

'i:,X  WImt  imiii  Knipiro? 

A.  A  Himu  c.)iiiiH)«!d  of  mvcnil  .•■miilri.'s  gov.rii.'J  by  im 

Knijuror. 

a54.  How  ftfo  F.mpirci  iioiii'liim*  nimiMwulT 

A  or  <'<mntri<'H  imni.dinKlv  j"iuiii«  fnch  ollior,  which 
fiirm  tt  co.rii.ii.l  Inxly  ;  as  llio  l.iuyUv  of  Aiwlriii. 

9.M.  Wliiiia.iolhcr  I'liip'f'* '■""M"''""'  , 

A  'r..nit.)ri.H  H.-|miat(a  l.V  vast  nooniid,  nncl  •ituutcd  in 
iwtant  purls  of  th<)  cnrtli,  iw  ihi>  Urilish  I'impiru. 

a^0.  What  in  »  kiii(jaoin7 

A.  A  country  ijovornoil  by  a  king,  aa  l- ranee,  Spam,  &c 


rdue  at  Vuratillui. 

857.  What  are  Palacn? 

A  Ruildings  inliabited  by  Kui|>*^'"ors  or  Kin^s.  Tlioy  are 
generally  of  great  extent,  and  cost  vast  sums  ol  money. 

858.  What  id  a  Republic  7 

A.  A  country  whoso  laws  nro  madi"  by  reprcscntativius 
cliosen  by  the  jK-oplc ;  as  the  United  Stiites,  iSiC. 

2.59    How  arc  Empire,  KingaoiuH,  UcpuWic*.  Ac.  suMividca  T 

A  Into  governmonts,  as  in  Russia;  departments,  as  in 
France ;  cantons,  as  in  Switzerland ;  provinces,  as  m  Spain 
and  rortut;al;  and  states,  as  in  the  United  States,  Mexico,  &c. 

260.  What  are  the  •ubdivisions  of  the  various  Btaten  which  form  our 
Republic  1  ,.  ,  , 

A.  Into  counties,  except  in  South  Carolina,  where  lliey  are 


H. 


cn  ftitm  »cr]f  ••rlj; 
ilci,  trill  Huut,  ui 


I  j;ov<'niiJ  l»y  111! 


'tich  otlicr,  which 
iiMtria. 

R,  niul  nituutcd  in 
npiru. 

raiicc,  S|min,  *tc 


MMM 


,^^fMi 


Kin^s.     Tliny  are 
una  ol"  inoiR-y. 

I*  by  roproscntativius 

',»,  &c.  subdivided  7 
(U'|)nrtrnents,  as  in 

vinccs,  as  in  Spain 
States,  Mexico,  &c. 

B  Btatea  which  forin  our 

(lina,  where  liiey  are 


r 


OtMHiHAIMIUAI.    ItM'INITIOMI.  fff 

.nlW  diHUwiu,  and  in   L-.uiH.an«,  where  thov  are  callixj 
Iwri^iMw. 

aOI.  Ifow  nro  counijin  iiilHllviiM  1 

A.  Into  tf,un-«  in  Nrw  IjikIiukI,  nn<l  into  townahipi  in  th* 
Multllo  ami  Nomo  ol'  iho  Wcnurn  Hial.H. 


('My  (if  m.  l',ii.r»lHiru, 

ar,g.  wh«t  i«  •  chy  ? 

A  hirgo  rcllection  of  houses  nnd  inhabitanti. 
iiMinh  '!'■?'  '""I'.'J'  '"  ••«''^'"!  «""'«"  Iw'vn  ri„  rimro  than  3000  or 

aC3.  In  what  way  i«  a  city  |.artic.il,.rly  di»li.,^.,i,|„.,l  ftoni  a  to  -n  ' 

A.  Hy  Immmu  inrorp.,ratr,l  wid,  p,.n,|iar  privilci{u,i,  an.l  in 
bein«  governed  by  a  Mayor,  AKI.rnien,  &c. 

i!!;-!.  Whiil  ia  a  town,  and  n  villa)(o  7 

A  town  is  a  coileetion  ..f  hoi.sos  nnd  inhabilants,  smallei 
than  a  city.     A  village  is  smaller  than  a  town. 

80.3.  What  Ik  a  towjwliip  7 

A.  A  tract  of  country  tjpnoraliy  divided  into  farmn,  aiu) 
lieii  containing  towns,  villages,  and  oven  cities,  within  itk 

aCC.  What  in  a  county  7 

A.  A  division  belonging  to  a  State,  comprising  in  m^ln^ 
cases  a  large  extent  of  country.  ^ 

867.  What  doei  a  county  cutitain  7 

A.  Nearly  every  county  in  the  United  States  contains  a 
county  town,  and  Court-house. 


(ikiHiHArilltAL   UltflNITION*. 

Wh«l  la  iIdim  llwrat 

A.  (;<iiiru  tit"  jii>iliii'  rtr«'  lnM  llnTo,  aiul  lh<i«B  who  htrmk 
(Ini  lawM  ar<t  (rinl  itiul  |iiitii«lM'>l. 

Utt).  VVh«t  I*  th«  rajiitAJ  i.(  a  .HUU  ? 

A.  Tim  niy  .)r  town  cluMtcn  for  iha  mating  of  Ow  State 
L(*gi>«lnliin'. 

1)70    Whit  il'i  th«  e«|>ilitU  of  Huir*  iiiimlljr  cimUln  f 

A.   'I'll"  Htatti   lloiiw,  Hiat.    rri^.iii,  (!"V.ril<tf*«  nwUfcnPt, 

inU  •lllur  (lllicl*  (■Ollllirtl  ll   VVllll  llir  (;nv,  III nt  nl'tlw!  Hltt««'. 

971.  In  irime  ■Ulrii.tlifl  mo«t  imp'rUnl  pUio  in  ii  i«  ili.wni  for  ilw 
Wipiliil,  vkiiliiitit  oiiy  rruttril  U»  Id  |«»iiii.ii,  <«  ll.»ii'ii>.  ii>  M««wm;»hm«IU 
III  nn>«l  lii»tiiim«i,  luiwuvir,  ft  c«iiitri»l  |i<(«tii4>ii  i*  •dojtUML 

t7'J.  VVIint  i«  tlM  Hutu  lloiiMt 

A.  'I'lm  litiildiiiH  wlnni  ihn  Ii»'Ki»lalur«  of  {hr  Stito  moeta. 

U7J.  Wlinl  U  llis  Li'iUUluro  uf  t  HuieT 

A.  A  Ixxly  ri)mp<MM  d  of  men  win*  have  power  fo  malto  law«. 

1)74.  Who  i«  the  Uiivernor  of  a  Hlnttt  7 

A.  Tlio  jwriinn  who  «>)iiTut«»  tlio  \nwu  of  t\w  Stuto, 

1)73.  What  in  tho  ca|Mtul  of  liiu  I'liittMl  Kut«(f 

A.  The  rity  of  ^V^shin^t(>n,  Ihn  phuro  ndoptcd  by  »h«» 
Aim'ricoii  jnoplo  Ibr  th«  aimuul  niuoting  of  the  Natuninl 
VAtnurt'Hti, 

a70.  Aflur  whom  wm  it  named  T 

A.  (ii'itirul  VVuxhinKton. 

877.  WW.il  In  Iho  Nntuitiiil  CongreM  T 

A.  An  nswrinbly  coiniKimid  of  iho  Ucprrwnltttivci  elected 
by  tho  iK'opic. 

a7f<.  For  whut  Icnijlh  of  liino  ar«  tho  Ucprcicnlttlivoa  elocloU  by  Um 

|KV>|>lu. 

A.  The  tTW>nilxTn  of  tho  Scnnto  nro  elected  fop  lix  ytu 
and  tlioHc  of  tin;  llou-so  of  UcprLuontutivo*  for  two. 

34 


979.  What  two  IxKlif »  dooii  Congrcm  comprUo  ? 

A.  Tho  Sennto  nnd  tho  Houm  of  UoproM>ntutive«, 

980.  Wlmt  am  llio  Auiien  of  ConRrcii*  7 

A.  To  inuko  the  laws  by  which  tho  nation  U  governed. 


1 
An 


91 
A 

9f 
A 

a** 

A 

Q% 
A 

9H 

A 

an 

lllll'l 

a* 

A 

981 

A. 

lino  ' 
991 
A. 


loM  who 


ng  of  tti«  Rtato 

nt  oI'iIm*  Nlufc. 
I  !■  clwMrn  fur  llw 

III  MuMCbUMltt 

|iUut. 

ilr  HliU)  muota. 
)r  io  ntako  law*. 
lui  Stttto. 
ndiipted  by  tin* 


Mitat'vos  elected 
;tvci  clucUiil  by  Ui« 

'd  fof  lix  yea 
ir  two. 


ntutiveii. 

I  U  goveriuxl. 


m.  In  whm  hiiiMlitf  In  Iha  ciljr  of  WMliln«t.m  iU«  Cwtmn 

\.  Ill  i)m  t'oiHid,  which  la  ono  of  thw  flfWHit  ixliftcca  in 
Anwriea< 


Capitol  ai  Wuliingluii. 

flHfl.  Who  eirnii'  .j  (he  luwi  paa«i-d  ».y  Conrrpaa  f 

A,  Tliii  f'ajiiilfnt,  Hiih  tlio  nid  ol"  tho  oliior  otliccn  at 
6'<Vernnieri(. 

a«3.  Who  la  tdo  Pn-.l.limt  of  thu  Pnitflil  MIuIp.  T 

A.  Tho  cliM'!'  iniiuistriit..,  or  hnid  ,»ri|,„  governiiM-Ht, 

9*1.  Hy  whoiii  ia  li(t  rli.i«>n  to  that  oltlra? 

A.  The  |H<.»|>I.;  (if  the  l/iiiti-d  Hliiica. 

'MY  Dnririir  whni  pcriml  .!.»•»  ho  h.il.l  hia  omro  T 

A.  Flo  holds  hi^  o(Ii<-.>  .hiring  tho  f«;nn  of  four  >oorM. 

•JH6.  What  forma  tho  Aini'riinn  imtion? 

A.  The  wholo  of  tho  (x-ople  of  tho  United  Stales. 

9H7.  Tho  wor.l  nation  ai({ni(io(   »  tiiitlnct  body  of  ir„p|«  |i»in. 
ndir  ono  (;ovcrmiieut.  '         "^    "^  * 

'JHH.  What  ia  a  IJountry  1 

A.  A  iarun  tract  of  Innd,  a  re,7ion,  ono's  nntlvo  soil. 
VH9.  What  arc  tho  bouiidariea  of  a  country  7 
A.  Thoso  parts  of  Innd  nn<l  wntnr  which  lie  next  to  (he 
lino  which  scpttratcn  it  from  nnothor  country, 
890.  What  ia  tho  interior  of  •  country  ? 
A.  The  centml  or  inland  part*. 


^.t-*-" 


4U 


aEOailAPUI'^AL   IIGPINITION8. 


21(1.  What  is  the  frontier  of  a  country  7 
A.  Tlioso  parts  which  lie  near  tho  border  or  boundary,  the 
outside  portions. 

2[)9.  Thus  wn  sny,  tlic  Norllirrn  frontier,  tlic  Sdiillicrn  frontier,  Sic. 
acuordlnj;  uh  thu  partH  nru  Hituutcd  (o  tho  Nortii,  Suuili,  ilntit,  or  \Vcdt 
2D3.  What  arc  tiic  mnritiino  parts  of  a  conntry  I 
A.  Tliosc  porta  wliich  border  on  tho  sea.  coast. 


Malir. 


Ruropein.    Africao.    Americau* 


25. 


RACES  OF  MEN. 

294.  Man  is  the  most  perfect  of  tlio  works  of  God,  being  created  in 
his  own  iinape,  and  formed  by  liis  wisdom,  to  subdue  and  exercise 
dominion  ovur  all  the  earth. 

295.  From  whom  has  tlw  whole  liuman  race  descended  ? 
A.  From  our  first  parents,  Adam  and  Eve. 

296.  What  docs  the  human  race  present? 

A.  Several  varieties,  difFering  greatly  from  ench  other  in 
colour,  form,  and  features. 

297.  Wliat  is  ths  cause  of  tiio  varieties  in  the  himan  race? 

A.  It  is  probably  owing  to  a  difforence  in  climate,  food,  and 
mode  of  life,  and  no  doubt  partly  to  causes  which  we  do  no' 
understand. 

398.  What  are  tl\e  various  races  of  minitind  f 


r 


■r  or  Iwundnry,  fho 

idiillicrn  friinlicr,  &.C. 
Souili,  Kiiat,  or  \Vtst 

coast. 


OEUOHAl'lIICAL   D£FIMTIO\8. 


41 


3o(l,  being  created  in 
Rubduc  and  cxurcisic 

CBCcndcd  ? 
VO. 

om  en/;h  other  in 

luman  race  7 

1  climate,  food,  and 

s  "vhich  we  do  no' 


A.  They  are  five,  the  European  or  Caucasian,  Asiatic  or 
Mongolian,  Aniencan,  Maluy,  and  Alricau  or  m!i,'ro. 

2y:».  Ilow  .i.ii>  tlioy  be  rli.H«.,l  i„  rcffiird  t.)  tluir  lolour? 

A.  Int.)  the  While,  Yellow,  Red,  Brown,  and  Mlack  races. 

3Un.  What  iiatid.iH  dorn  tho  lOuroiicaii  or  Whito  race  iiichido  7 

A.  The  nations  of  J-Iiirope,  Western  Asia,  the  North  of 
Airicn,  with  all  the  white  inhaoitants  of  Anii-riea  and  other 
regions. 

301.  What  nations  does  the  Asiatic  or  Yellow  niro  includor 

A.  All  the  nations  of  Asia  cast  of  the  Ganges  river,  (ev- 
ocpting  the  Malays  of  Malacca.)  '  ^ 

303.  Wlint  other  nations  buionfr  to  this  race  7 

A.  The  Finns  and  Laplanders  of  Europe,  and  the  Esqui- 
maux  ol  America,  also  hclong  to  the  Asiatic  race 

raeSuIi'lf  """■'  "''  "'"  "'"'  '"'"'*  "'°  '^"'"'^""  '"•  '•"I'l-'T-coioured 

A.  Tho  whole  of  the  American  continent,  except  thoso 

parts  occupied  l,y  the  descendants  of  Europi.^ans,  with  the 

IvsquiiiKiux  and  Negrws. 

301.  What  nations  docs  the  Malay  or  Urowri  race  include  7 

A.  The  people  of' Malacca  and  Malaysia,  with  those  of 

J'olynesia  and  New  Zealand. 

305.  What  part  of  the  earth  docs  the  African  or  Black  race  inhabit ' 
A.  All  W,.stern    Central,  and  Southern  Africa,  with   a 

considerable  part  of  Madagascar  and  Australasia. 

South  America,  wlierc  they  are  ehicny  in  a  state  of  slavery. 

Mf  men  '^h/^^.Tnll"  ?l  ^"'."'''f''-'"  !''  t''°  T'^  ""I'lc  of  the  five  race. 
"I  II  en.     It  cv<T.|.s  all  others  in  learning  and  tho  arts,  and  includes  the 
nos  powrrlul  nations  of  ancient  and  inodern  times.     The  ^,4  v-  1  m 
.ie  institutions  of  society,  and  the  most  important  and  usdbl„  en" 
lionii  have  onjrinated  with  ilie  people  of  this  race. 

Which  is  the  most  noble  of  the  five  races  of  men  7 

In  what  dues  it  excel  all  otlicrs  7 

What  does  it  include  7 

What  lias  orifrinau-d  with  the  people  of  this  race  7 

hSSifstafel'tCr^  "^  ""■"  '"  "'"  '^"'•"  ^'  "'  '"^  "*"'''''  »' 
"i'o  wliiuh  race  do  you  belong  7 


43 


QEOanAPIIICAL   D£FliNlTIO.Na. 


•20- 


STAGES  OF  SOCIETY. 

30R.  NationH  live  in  viirioiiH  Htajfrs  of  oocicty,  unci  thi'ir  condition 
U  fuiinil  to  (IciKjnd  iiiiitcrially  on  tlic  prn^rcHH  tlicy  liuvft  niudu  in  know. 
Ivdirc,  luarninj;,  and  ri'fint'nicnt.niid  in  tlivir  NJtill  in  the  incclinnic  urtx. 

•'10!).  Ilow  niuy  nntionn  bo  divided  according  to  tiicir  Imbitti  of  life 
and  Htiitc  of  improvement  ? 

A.  Into  five  classes,  viz :  suvngc,  barbarous,  half-civilizcil, 
civilized,  and  enlightened. 

310.  Ilow  do  men  live  in  tlic  savajfc  state  7 

A.  Hy  huntinfj,  fishinff,  and  on  thn  spontaneous  produc- 
tions of  tlio  yrouiid.  They  are  {jjcnerally  clad  in  the  skins  of 
wild  animals,  and  reside  in  miserable  liuts,  or  dens,  and  caves 
in  the  earth. 

311.  What  is  the  pcncral  eharactor  of  fiavngc  nations? 

A,  They  are  bloodthirsty  and  revengiTul,  oOen  eat  the 
flesh  of  the  enemies  they  take  in  war,  and  treat  their  women 
as  slaves. 


iri::>^fz 


312.  What  do. 
grco  of  Itnow- 
ledgo  do  they 
poHsess  7 

They  pos. 
sess  little  or  no 
knowledge  of 
agriculture,  or 
the     mechanic 

Hibitationii  of  the  KanitKliatitalef.  Qfts      (jlld     aro 

ignorant  of  reading,  writing,  and  a  regular  form  of  govern 
ment. 

313.  What  nations  arc  examples  of  this  class  7 

A.  The  nations  of  Australia,  or  New  Holland,  and  New 
(luinea,  most  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  North  and  South 
America,  and  tlie  Kamtschatdales  or  people  of  Kamtschatko. 

314.  In  what  manner  do  barbarous  nations  live  7 

A.  By  agricu'Hirc  and  the  pasturage  of  cattle,  sheep,  &c 
31.5.  Tliry  undcrsi  nd  a  few  of  the  most  simple  arts,  and  are  at 
quaintcu  with  rending  irnd  writing  only  to  a  very  limited  extent. 


DNS. 


y,  und  thi'ir  condition 
y  liuvi!  niudo  in  know, 
in  the  incclinnic  urtx. 
to  tiicir  Imbitt!  of  life 

rous,  half-civilizcil, 


lontanpous  produc- 

:liul  in  tlic  skins  of 

or  (lens,  and  caves 

nutiuns  7 

•fill,  odcn  put  the 
treat  their  women 

312.  What  do. 
grco  of  Itnow- 
kdgo  do  they 
poHsess  7 

v.  They  pos. 
0.^  scss  little  or  no 
ifr  knowledge  of 
"  agriculture,  or 
the  inoclmnic 
arts,  and  are 
ir  form  of  govern 


lollnnd,  and  New 

North   and  South 

a  of  Kamtschutko. 

o7 

cattle,  sheep,  &c 

)Ie  arts,  and  are  ac 
'  limited  extent. 


OEOOIIAPIIICAL   DEFINITIONS.  43 

310.^  What  natiuna  are  oxainpli.i  of  thi«  clanN  7 

A.  The  roving  trihes  of  Turtary,  Arabia,  Central  Africa 

BiidthujJtopleof  Aby»«iniu,  "'  Ainca, 


317.  How  are  the  haJf.civilizcd  nation.  diHtingui.hcd  7 
.  l,^.:..f '"'^  J"'J'-r.stnnd  agriculturo  and   many  of  the  urfs 

civUbJd  dt'/""""""  """y  ^  """'"^""^  ■"•  "^'""ffinff  to  U.C  half. 

A    Ci.ina,  Japan,  Burmafi,  Sinm.  Turkey,  Persia,  6,c. 

JJO.Uow  arc  civilized  nationn  diHlinfuishcd  7 

A.  Tno  arts  and  sciences  are  well  understood,  and  fho 
■niiabitanfs  derive  tlu.-ir  sulwistencc  principally  from  a  ric 
tiire,  manufi.cture.s,  an.l  commerce,  "^    *  °     "'' 

AdZSJ?  ""  '="'"'"'""  "''  "'"  S'*""  ^"'^y  o*-"-  people  in  Bo.no 
A.  They  arc  very  ignonmt  and  superstitious,  and  there  is 

392.  Wliat  countric.  rank  anionff  tho  civilized  nationa  7 
A.  Russia,  Spain,  Portugal,  Grocco,  Mexico,  &c. 

323.  Wlmt  Id  tho  charactnr  of  enlightened  nations  7 

sciences  arc  earned  to  a  high  state  of  perfection. 

324.  How  arc  tlioy  othcrwigo  noted  7 

princinKf'"frr  "'"''"'  ^''^  I"''''""^""  ""^  respect,  the 
pr  ncipies  of  free  government  arc  well  understood  nnrl  n,? , 
cation  and  learning  ar.  more  general  than  am^g  otlL  ^ii 

325.  What  nation,  belong  to  thii  claRi  7 


1 


-if 


-  !l 


i| 


i  I 


44 


OEOURAVIIICAI.   DEFINrriONS. 


Watvriui)  Driiliiu. 

39fi.  EnliEfhtcncd  nml  rivilizoil  nntions  nro  <listiiij;ui»lKcl  hjr  tlic 
number  an. I  varitly  "I"  tlnir  pulilic  ImililinfTM,  mul  workH  of  nntionul 
utility ;  of  ll)i:nc,  coilcgus,  liospilttln,  liliruricK,  bridgcB,  canals,  rail-roails, 
Slc,  arc  aiauiigat  tliu  must  pruininciit. 


■28. 


GOVERNMENT. 

327.  In  every  part  of  tlic  earth  it  lian  k-cn  fijuiid  norcsriary  to  have 
urimo  Bysti'm  of  (rovornmcnt,  i)r  Home  imwcr  or  autliority,  tliat  tihall 
protect  thc^ood  and  |)unisli  the  wicked. 

.338.  Williout  [fovcrnnKnt,  no  one  could' be  Bocure  <  illiiT  i"  his  per- 
son  or  properly,  and  tlio  world  would  be  a  Bccno  ol' confusion  and 
liliHidHlicd.  . 

329.  Wliat  is  povcrnmcnt  ? 

A.  TIio  power  or  system  by  wlilcli  the  laws  of  a  country 
nro  tnndo  and  executed. 

330.  What  is  the  object  of  government  f 

A.  To  alTord  protection  to  life  and  property,  and  ensure 
the  happiness  of  thn  people. 

331.  What  are  tlie  difierent  kinds  of  government? 

A.  Three ;  .Monarchy,  Aristocracy,  and  Democracy. 
^    332.  What  is  Monarchy  ? 

A.  That  form  of  government  in  which  an  Emperor  or 
King  rules  during  his  life.  Emixirors,  Kings,  6lc.  tiro  'so 
called  Sovereigns. 

333.  What  are  tlio  forms  of  Monarchy  7 

A.  Two ;  absolute  and  limited  Monarchy. 

334.  What  in  an  absolute  Monarchy  7 

\.  Where  the  monarch  governs  according  to  his  own  will. 


r 


!' 

al 
III 

tn 
th 
dl 
ar 

wi 

I'y 

cei 
roi 
<m 
in 
"P 

wi 

pUi 


•Itl 


sor 

f 

isf 


Th( 
rcpi 


ow 


NS. 


(listiii^uixlKcl  by  tlir 
ml  workH  of  nntionul 
gcB,  caiiaU,  rail-roaila. 


mid  norrsftiiry  to  have 
'  autliority,  tiiat  Hhall 

•euro  <  illicr  i"  liis  per. 
;cno  of  eanfuaiun  and 


laws  of  a  country 

opcrty,  and  ensure 
iicnt  ? 

lI  Democracy. 

Ml  nn  Emppror  nr 
ungs,  (Sic.  tiro  'so 

ling  to  bis  own  will. 


r 


OEOailAPIIICAIi   URFIMTIONH. 


45 


rxtii^n. 


.'135.  WImt  countricN  uro 
ruled  ill  tliiii  BiuiiniT  ^ 

A.    China,   Tiukoy,  T 
I'i'r.sia,   iinii   giiieraliy 
•  ill  the  states  of  Asia 
iiiiii  ACi'ica, 

•I.IO.  Sninc  coimlrirs  aro    . 
riili'd  by  lyraiils,  will)  iiso  ., 
ilii.ir  |i(;ii|t|i'  uilli  fjrcat  cm.   ■'■ 
•lly,  niui    ill    (■oii.sL'qm'iiro 
nrv   afraid    lo    jjo    abro.id 
■A-itliniit  biing  biirrouiidcd  ^ 
hy  Hol(ll(  rs. 

'i'.iT.  Till!  piriui'o  roprc.  .ijiiV 
Kciits  the  Eiiipcrur  of  .AIn.  '  •>, 
rijccu,  who  is  out!  of   tlio 
iiioBt   despotic    fioverci/jiiH 
in   o.xiHtciicu.      When    lie 
upficars    in    piibli,,   every 
one  ho   iiieelrt    mimt    fail 
with  their  face*  to  tlio  earth,  and  there  remain  until  the  dcHixit  liat 
(lasscd,        / 

338.  What  \h  a.  limited  monarrhy  7 

A.  Wliuru  tiio  power  of  tliu  monarcl)  is  limited  by  a  con- 
'itiiution. 

33!).  What  states  arc  ruled  by  a  liiiiilid  monarchy  1 
A.  CJicat  Britain,  France,  Swed(;n,  &i,c. 


Eiiiiicriir  of  Morocco. 


^ivS>*^ 


29 


3iO,  What  is  an  nristocraey  7 

A.  A  government  where  the  power  is  vested  in  a  few  per- 
sons  called  nobles. 

This  does  not  at  present  exist  as  a  distinct  form  of  govenmcnt.  but 
IS  frequently  found  combined  with  others. 

341.  How  is  aristocracy  frequently  found  combined  7 
A.  With  monarchy  and  democracy. 

342.  This  is  the  ca«3  in  Great  Britain  and  other  limited  monarchioH 
Tlio  king  rcproBonU  the  monarchy,  the  nobloR  the  aristocracy,  and  the 
representative  body  the  democracy. 

3  iJ,  What  is  a  Democracy  7 

A.  A  free  government,  in  which  the  people  choose  Iheii 
own  rulers  for  stated  periods  of  time. 


•i 


16  OCtMiHAPIIICAL    Ui:riNITIOM«. 

344.  WImi  Riatm  have  doniocralic  govcrninciiU  7 

A.  Tho  United  Slutc!.,  Mexico,  and  all  tlio  Sponiah  Ame- 
rican  Stales. 

345.  What  was  llir  flrit  kind  of  jfovcmrnont  1 

A.  Tlio  Futriarclini.  in  wliioli  every  fatlicr  or  patriarch 
rules  his  own  family  or  servants. 

34G.  Doci  thU  kind  of  (fovornmcnt  itill  oxiat  ? 

A,  Yes;  but  it  is  found  only  omongst  rude  and  l.arbarou 
trib<;s. 

341.  What  tril)Ci  arc  ifovcrncd  in  thii  manner  7 

A.  Tho  Bedouins  of  Arabia  and  the  Grcot  Desert,  the  Lap 
landers,  and  some  others.  ' 

348.  How  did  Patriarch*  ticcomo  chicfiiT 

A.  In  process  of  time  families  increased  in  numbers,  tjrid 
patriarchs  became  chiefs  and  rulers. 

343.  How  did  chitft,  &,c.,  I)ccomo  monarths  7 

A.  Some  chiefs  U^ng  ambitious  and  powerful,  conquered 
otliers,  and  liccamc  monarchs  of  cini)in>M,  kingdoms,  &c. 

350.  What  titles  do  rulori.  BHsumo  in  difTcrent  piirtH  of  the  world? 
A.  In  Asia,  they  arc  called  Nulxjbs,  Sultans,  Shnhs,  Ra- 

|ahs,  Imams,  Klmns,  Ace.  i  ,     u 

351.  What  arc  thoy  called  in  Europe  7 

A.  Emperors,  Kings,  Princes,  Dukes,  Electors,  Ajc 
353.  What  arc  they  called  in  America  7 

A.  In  America  the  chief  magistrate  of  tho  diflbrcnt  repub- 
lies  takes  tho  name  of  President.  ' 


30- 


|Ji,«». 


RELIGION. 

353.  All  races  of  men,  even  the  mont  savairc,  appear  to  believe  in 
(ho  existence  of  Bomo  invi.iblo  bcin^  powes^fd'ofTowcr  aSor  to 
1^;  JfT  "Y"""' "•"'hodj.  in  which  this  faith  is  monifcBtcd,  fo  m  so 
n  any  difFercnt  mode,  of  religion,  and  exhibit  one  of  the  most  «tr  ^iib 
iiversitica  by  which  nations  arc  distinguished  from  each  other. 

354.  How  may  the  different  forms  of  rcligirm  bo  divided? 
A.  Into  true  and  false. 


y^^'fiitmifciiiiiiL,  Ai[i.i<ii»i»«ii 


-^>»«6« 


I  at 

S 

wh( 

3 

1 


lUT 

the  Sponiflh  Ame- 


Qther  or  patriarch 

7 

udo  and  liarbaroii 

7 
at  Desert,  the  Lap 

I  in  numbers  nnd 


iwcrful,  conquered 
kingdoms,  &c. 
parts  of  tlic  world  ? 
Itans,  Shnhs,  Ra- 


cctors.  Ate 

»c  diflba-nt  repub> 


ippcar  to  bcliove  in 
f  power  iiipcrior  to 
monifcstcd,  foim  so 
iftliemost  8trik'»|; 
1  each  other. 

3  divided  7 


(lod 


ORnoRAPIIICAL    UEFINITI0M8.  47 

S.'iA.  In  what  does  true  religion  consiHt  / 

A.  In  worshipping  (Jot),  according  to  hisi  revealed  will. 

S-IC.  In  what  does  fiilno  reli(;ion  conMint  ? 

A.  in  the  worslnp  of  idiils,  and  tho  rejection  of  the  true 


.'157.  What  arc  tho  prineipiil  systems  of  relljf  Ion  7 

A.  Tho  Christian,  Mahumedun,  Pagan,  and  Jewish. 

XW.  W)io  arc  Christiims  7 

A.  Tiiosc  who  believe  in  Christ,  as  tho  Saviour  of  manb  jj. 


A  C'lirialiiii  Church. 
353.  Into  what  churches  are  Christians  divided  7 
A.  Three:  Catholic,  Greek,  and  Protestant. 
360.  In  what  do  those  agree  7 

A.  In  tho  necessity  of  redemption  through  tho  Saviour. 

3G1.  In  what  do  they  differ  7 

A.  In  points  of  doctrine,  and  modes  of  worship. 

3G~    How  aro  Protestants  divided  7 
.   A.  Into  various  sects ;  of  which  tho  chief  aro  Kpiseo^a- 
wms,  Lutherans,  Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Frienus 

3G3.  Who  aro  Mahorncdans,  or  Mussulmans  7 
A.  Those  who  believe  m  Mahomed,  a  religious  imposter 
who  lived  m  Arabia,  about  600  years  arter  Uhrist. 
364.  How  aro  Mahomedans  divided  7 
A.  Into  two  sects :  the  sect  of  Ali,  and  the  soct  of  Omaj, 


ir 


mm^' 


>    t 


48 


UKmJKAIMIICAI,    tIKKIMTIO.M. 


A  Miiiinnioilan  Miiaqiir 


:n 


Sfir),  Who  lire  I'ii'j.irif"  or  ncnllirriM? 

A.  Tlins(<  who  ImIicvc  ill  liiUe  (lod-i,  and  who  Vorslnr 
i'.l'.l-i,  bi'iisis,  hinls,  s('f|i('iii^,  (Vc. 

IltTi.  TIr7  iMiniiriwr  i'-\;rJ  clmsiN,  mi'h  nn  nr;iinins  nudillii-ln 
W(irKlii|i|M  rn  (if  tlii!  (iri.iirl  (,1111111,  Sic,  niid  nuinlior  nmro  lliun  one  linlf 
Uic  iiihultilnntH  of  tli<!  vurtli. 


A  I'ii|fuii  IViu|ila. 
Sn?.  WJioare  tlic  Jews? 

A.  Tlif'V  nro  thoso  wiio  k-lievo  in  llio  Old  Tcstninont,  bui 
r<;jrol  the  iww,  mul  expect  11  Saviour  yot  to  come. 

3n8.  Thr  riirirtian  nations  am  iimcli  oiiiicrior  in  knowledge  and 
powBf  to  n'l  others,  nnd  through  iho  inertuso  of  lliclr  eolonicB,  tJio  in 
iliieneo  of  Hic  preH.i,  nnd  the  exertions  of  Ihe  MisMionarics,  will  no 
doulil,  in  the  conrHe  of  u  f(;w  )f<;!isr;ttiiinii,  gpreud  their  tr''jrior  "vcr  tlM> 
^feuU-l  pur.  uf  tin:  uuilii. 


r 


on 


Ihr 


I'll! 


.1 

l»>iii 
iirrii 
peoj 

HJloli 

liid 
3; 
Init 

llfuv; 

.l.-iO 

Ali-i( 

II 
II 
if 
11 
II 
III 

37 

poopi 
iiei.oi 
»|iinrt 

MUSS, 

37. 

prcati 
literal 

W 
W 

lo 

In 

if  pri 


r 


11(1   who  'worship 

r:llllln'<,    nil<lllllj-<lN, 

iiuru  tliiin  uiio  lialf 


.-,  'l? 


I  Tosfnmcnt,  bin 
onic. 

in  knowlcdj^  and 
ir  ciiloiiicB,  t!io  in- 
ssionaricH,  will  no 
;ir  r'''jrior  nvcr  tlif 


OEOtmAPIIICAL   DKFINITIONB. 


49 

\    ...    na   -,„.  „ro  H„,„  r..„  in  k,.owlc.l«„  and  ,„.we,  ,o  all  LuL  1 

.1.0  .  ':;,i;;"'  '""'"  """  '^"'•''""  »"  ^  •P'^^J  "v^  U^  «r«au„  ,.a,l  „f 

Tu  wl„.,  .!„  .„anUin.|.  i„  ,.|1  ,,„,,t„„  „f  „.„  ^.„„j  ;.       ,t^,, 

ll'.w  i»  it  moHtMrikii.jfly  displayed?  J~f""«c. 

jrcjfrai.l.v.     Tlr..  laii  r    ,  ,. -T  "'''"  ""  ""l>"rl"'it  hrannh  of 

.J«.l«.'..  •  w  >il,     w '!  f  •   '■      ''  '^"  'V"'!^''  nat.onHuro  l,„t).  writlon  nnd 

.i.d  aio',:;';!;^:^:!  ;:';;:.i«;'""'  '^"''""'"'  -•-  -« --'y  -rbai. 
in.?'J.,''v::;i::""t:,::';::;fn! 'r-'r';"  t.^^o  w„rid.i,  .bout  so. 

"(nv:.r.U  of  3000.    f  will  l'fi-''^\,r'  'T  "'!^"'- «""»"""  '" 

Alrif,,,  27(J.  *  "'"^  Occaiuta,  thoro  arc  nearly  lOUO.  and  in 

II..W  nmny  original  language,  arc  tl.oro  in  the  world  f 
I  ow  ,nany  brancl.t-n  or  diaioot-  aro  derived  frwn  ih.m  1 
How  nmny  of  thcHu  are  America.:  7  ''* 

How  many  aro  European  7 
How  many  aro  tl.oro  in  Asia  and  Occanica  7 
How  many  aro  tlicro  in  Africa  7 

bccon.e  .noro  general  than  a„r  Iher  /t  T^r/"'' :''"  •'""'"''''y 
•I'lnrtcr  of  tho  ^U,hc,  and  u  diMtinlV,^[i.n  i  r  '.  "•  "'"j'''"  '"  «""> 
..CMS.  and  strength,  """I'lguislicd  for  Uh  sunplicity,  cone.J 

.r'a'ttrThanira':r;o°I.cMl:,"  „':!:''''•'  '",  *','"  '^T"-^''  '"^  n-'-'-'r 

What  language  1.  .pokcn  by  the  greatest  nun.bJr  of  ,.ooplo7 
Winch  .,  tho  moHt  widely  pprcad  7    Where  i.  it  .pokJn  / 
1  or  what  tg  it  distinguiBbed  7 

U  Jrintd'r '"""""''  '•  "  P^'^*'"'^''  "'«'  "'«  <r'-««»t  nu'nlH.,  ol  book. 


•"WtjST' 


SO 


MMWKAPIIIl-.U.   BXCnCMM. 


:« 


r 


EXKRCIMHH  ON  Till*.  MAI'H. 
MAP  OF  TIIK  WORl.I),  N...  I,  IlKKnUK  TIM".  LFARNKR. 

or  w/iiit  IkiriUiiluTi'd  I'cicK  thia  Miip  (-.111*11.1 7     i'-n.  »ml  VVii. 

VVIiut  d.icii  tliu  r.uiitc'rii  ll.'iiiiii|ilii'rv  i'iiMi|iriHU  ? 

A.  All  that  part  of  tiiti  i>arth  lyiiij;  mM  of  longiludo  •id 
»lr(;rf<a  wt-nt  froui  (•rtt'iiwicti. 

llvmii)|)liuro  «lt(nin)!ii  hair  •  (fl.ilio, 

U'lmt  great  diviiiiuni  duc«  lliu  Liwtcrn  llfiiiUpliere  contain  t    Ke, 
An.,  All. 

TIk'ho  clivinionii  f.)rin  llio  KaNlrrn  Cinliiirnl,  or  Old  World. 

Wliol  iliKn  tlio  Wchlcrn  (HHitiiniit  c'.iMi|>rii<i'  7 

A.  All  that  part  of  tlu!  rarth  lying  went  of  longituJo  80 
dc^rocH  west  iVoiii  CJrrcnwich. 

What  ^frcul  diviiiioni  docK  llie  Wtnltrn  Iltiniiiplicrc  contain  7    N. 
Aa.,  H.-Aa. 

TliOKO  dividinnii  form  the  Wmtcrn  Continent,  or  Ilio  New  World. 

Wliiil  iH  a  CoMliiicnl7     Kt'fcr  t.i  No.  .'>.'J,  |in({o  14. 

What  (Treat  divi>.i.m  li(n  partly  in  tlio  KuKtcrn  and  partly  In  lh« 
WcKtern  llcniiiipli(>ro  7     Ua. 

Tliin  divJHion  i»  coMi|Ki«rd  entirely  of  inlandii. 

Wliicli  lletniN|iliiTu  eontaiim  tlio  greatcut  amount  of  land  7     En. 

Wliieli  IleiiiiBpliero  cimtuini*  llic  ({realfHt  niiiount  of  water  7     Wn. 

Which  Ilcininplicrc  containN  the  lurgeHt  iiilundiiT     Gii. 

Which  IM  the  largent  inliind  in  tlio  world  7     Aa. 

Which  arc  the  two  next  liirgcit  7     Do.,  N.-Ga. 

WliU'h  if)  the  lariroit  divinion  of  tho  Kontern  I{ciiiii>|jheru  7     Aa. 

Which  ii*  the  HMiatlcst  diviuion  7     Ko. 

Which  diviHion  of  tliu  Kaiitern  llciiiiipltcro  extendi  fartlieat  iouth  7 
As. 

Which  extendi!  fartliciit  to  the  north  T    Aa. 

Which  extends  furtiieiit  south,  Eur.ipc  or  Aula?    Aa. 

Which  extendi)  furthciit  weitt  7     Au. 

Which  cxtcndii  farthest  curt  7     Aa. 

34 

Which  l«  tlio  moat  aouthcm  land  in  tlie  Eastern  HcmUphore  1  Er.- 
2.d.,  Ac.-CU 

The  moat  aouthorn  in  the  Western  Ilcnrisphore  7    Va.-Ld.,  G«.-Li. 
What  if  an  Ocean  7 


Ac. 
\ 

'I 
Tht 

\ 
\ 

\ 
\ 
\ 
V 

A». 
V 
V 

II 
w 

w 
h 
w 

S..()j 

w 


w 
w 
w 
vv 

Ic,  P 

w 

S.-AO, 

w 

A. 

Wl 
A. 
Wl 

a.8u., 


M'H. 
TIM".  LFARNKR. 

7     t^ii.  ftlid  VVii. 

»? 

tiMt  of  longituilu  'JO 

Rplicre  contain  f    V.t^ 

or  Old  World. 

1 

font  of  longituilo  20 

itplicro  contain  7    N. 

,  or  Ilia  Now  World. 

0  It. 

Icrn  and  purtly  In  the 

I. 

ount  or  Innd  7     En. 
lount  of  water  7     Wn. 
iuIk  7    Ell. 
\a. 
It. 
Ik'HiihiilitTu  ?    Aa. 

sxtvndi  fartliunt  ioutli  7 
la  7    Aa. 


Lern  Hcmiiphoro  7  En^ 
IN  7   V»..Ld.,  GD..L4. 


OROUHAI'llll  Al,    aXliBCUU.  91 

A.  A  viiHt  body  of  wit  walcr. 

Wli«»  nv«  Uiouit  in  Um  t.'unturn  llciniipliara  7     Nn.,  8n.,  Po., 

WImt  four  Omwi.  in  the  W..,!rrn  llvmiapfasn  7    Nn.,  iln.,  Po.,  Aa. 
TIktu  iro  (Ivo  <),  can*,  of  win.  Ii  finir  ««t«nd  Into  boili  iruml.phurt* 
I  liu  Indian  ii  tlio  only  Dctan  llml  u  wliully  m  om  lluniuplturu, 
Which  in  tho  largoit  Ocean  7     Pc. 
Which  ii  the  icc.ind  in  c/tlont  7     Ao. 
Which  ia  tho  third  in  cxlunt  /     In. 
Which  ia  the  fourth  in  oKicnt  ?     Hn.  or  Antarctic. 
Whiih  i«  tho  filllh  In  c.\l.  nt  7    Nn.  or  Ar.iic. 
Whirl!  i«  tho  turyfuat  diviiion  of  tho  Wcatern  lli  ini...i.hcro  7    N.. 

Which  extrndN  farth«»t  E.nl  7    S..A. 
Which  extend*  (iirthcat  W«i4l  f     N.-A. 
I«  North  Anuriia  in  N.irtli  <,r  Monlh  Lutilijdo7    N.Lo. 
Why  in  it  ill  North  I.afituiln  t 

I»  Sooth  Aincriia  nioHily  in  N..rth  or  in  South  Latitude  7    S.-Lo. 
Why  in  it  m.iHtly  in  Soiitli  Latitude  7 

In  what  direction  doe*  South  America  lie  from  North  America  7   H 
S..(iy'rH..7X'o.-Ld"°"'''  ""^  •"""'■«'"t  "'■  ««"l''  America?    8..8d.! 
Wh  it  region  lie*  »outh.wc»tof  .South  America  7     Vo..Ld. 


i 


m. 


.     MAP  OF  TIIK  WORLD,  NO.  3. 
WImt  Ilcmiaphorc*  doea  Ihi*  map  cumpriMc  7    Nn.  and  Sn. 
Which  Hemisphcro  contaim.  tho  (jreatct  quantity  of  land  7    Nn 
Which  IIcniisplMro  contain*  the  grcatc.t  quauiity  of  water  7    Sn 

Ic.SAf""''  ''''  "'"  ^""""^  "'  "'"  ^"'""'"'  "•"'""Phoro  ,'  Ao.. 

S-aIII' Oif"""  *"''"'""■  ""  P"">  '"  "'"  Nwlhern  Ilemi.t,  ,oN  7  Aju, 
What  doc*  tho  Northern  Ilcmhiphcro  ooniprito  7 
A.  All  thai  purt  of  tho  eurili  north  of  tlio  Equator. 
What  doe*  tho  Soutlicrn  IlemiBphero  coinpristo  7 
A.  All  that  part  of  tho  earth  .south  of  the  K<|uator. 

ft.sH'oJ"""  '''''''''"""  ""  P""'^  "'  "'"  ^"'''O"'  Homiaphore?   A«, 


I 


•!«^». 


M 


IRArillC'At,   HXr.NCiilM. 


wild  lilur  rrgiint*  li«  nttml  th«  Ni<rili  V»\at    K.th.,  N,-Z«, 
Mil.,  (iO. 

Nr^rvil  Ihi  Xoulh  Pola  7    Vn.l.tU  Ar.-Ct.,  (in.-Irfl.,  l«..I.<i. 

Th«  AnUrriin  ('nniiiirnt  wn*  ilorowriil  in   IpIO  Ii»  tic  I'liIdH 

Sintra  Kx|i|iiriilS  K»|Hiiit|iiii,  rr)iiiiil4ltiju<l  by  Itiriilaiiiiiit  Wiikrni  li    ■• 

ilin  m<»t  riit:n>ivu  rigign  yal  kitowu  iHtuth  ul'  IIm  gnjiX  cuntinviiln,— 

^t*  Mof  N».  a. 

Wliiit  imvi|;nliir  tin*  nftiliil  nmrrnl  ihfl  Noiilli  I'lih? 

A.  t'lipKiiii  Jiinn  <*  I,',  UoHn,  in  li  10. 

Wlml  ollior  nitvi((ititir  Kiiiliil  nrarly  m  fltr  muth  1 

A.  t-'npmin  inm-t  Wc.l.kl,  in  |H'.>.'». 

('iipdiln  Ro'o  ■iiilnl  Kiililn  ^30  iiiik*  of  tlin  Mouth  Puki.  Nonif 
niivlKnlom  liuvt'  k<iii<i  hIIII  miirfr  l<i  tliu  North  I'olui  l'ii|tliiiii  Vntj 
went  within  'tiMI  iiiihn  iil'il,  Iml  wan  »liiii|i«'it  liy  tlin  icu  iVoiti  ii^|ir<mrlk. 
inif  ('liiacr,  llv  f,»u\ii  ihu  hiii,  rvvn  lii  ifio  iiiiililhi  ul'  •uiiitni  r,  cuvtrt^ 
with  IDC,  itiul  110  Nigiii  ul'  I'ithiir  birUii  ur  Umntit  wiiro  U»  b«i  mviw 

MAP  NO.  4.— NOUTII  A.MIUHCA. 
Whnl  Oc'«!iin  ImiimlN  North  Aitti'ririt  on  Iho  Lmt  7     Ae. 
What  Oi'OAn  Uiiiriila  it  on  Iho  WvAl     IV. 
Whtt  Orrnn  lx>iiiiil*  It  on  Iho  North?    Ao. 
An  Ornin  in  a  vimt  Iwnly  of  nail  wiitcr. 
Wliut  Hca  in  north  of  llrltlHJi  uml  ItiiMKinn  Aimirica  7    I'r. 
What  Hea  lii'twci  n  tho  Wt>Mt  liiilii'n  niiil  Hoiilh  Atiii'riuti  7    (7n. 
Tell  what  A  Hca  ii.    Rtfur  tu  Qucntioii  'i'i,  pago  !). 


r 


t    fu 


,1" 


What  great  OuT  Ik  t  oitut  of  Mciico  1    Mo. 

What  Uiilf  bc3twtrn  Mnxiro  uml  Cuiifiirnia  7    Co. 

Wh«t  (iulf  wi«t  of  Ntwi;miiJl.itid 7    H..Lo, 

What  Gulf  noiit^LOiiHt  of  liiHithla  Fulix  7     Da.  ^ 

What  great  IJay  ii<'|wralc«  Tr.  WIIIIcimi'ii  Lnnil  (fom  Orocniiind  7  Ra 

What  groat  Day  in  Houtli-wriit  of  I'rini;ti  Willliiin'«  I.anJ  7     IIn. 

What  I.ny  noulh  of  IIuiIhou'ii  Buy  7    Jn. 

What  liny  hrtwcon  Nf>va  Scotii  and  N<nv  Druniiwick  7 

What  two  Uay«  on  Iho  ctt»t  coant  of  tho  United  StatOi  7 

What  nay  cant  of  Yucatan  7     lit. 

What  Hay  went  of  Yucatan  7    C«. 

What  Day  caMt  of  (tuatiinala  7    Uo. 

What  Day  wait  of  Alaika  7     Dl. 

Describe  t  Btj.    94 


Fy. 
De,,C* 


Hi 


V 

Mil, 

V 

N 

W 
V 

T 


W 

N 
\\ 
W 
\\ 
\\ 
\\ 

w 
w 
w 
I)< 
II 

w 

\v 


U.UU  *'■>•<>■ 

t    let-tU  liy  tlir  I'nltiH 

llttllllllt   WliHlK)    li    ■• 

lO  gtvA  CMiitiiiuiiiit,— 
I'ohf 

thf 

n  ftiiuth  Polo,  Noniv 
I'lilui  ('ii|iliihi  I'lrry 
lliu  icu  rrmti  a^|ir<m<'li. 
u  111'  luinini  r,  t:uvar«i 
««r«  Ui  Im  Mivik 


ail  7    Aa. 


iMirlea  T    Pr. 
I  Aiiioriva?    Cn. 

Co. 

Irom  Orccnliinil  ?  n« 
lain'ii  I.und  7     IIm. 

innvvick  ?     Fy. 
id  States  7    1>«.,  C«. 


r 


Wh«l  Ntrtit  liciwrcn  Aiiiortn*  inij  A«m7    Da, 

Wlisi  r(ir«il  H<  .1 1,1'  (>rt'<  iilm  >l '     Ih. 

What  iliH  •  II  iMiiiiici  /     |«..||y,  ittxii  iltii  .l.-<M. 

U'Imi  ilirtv  Htriiil*  iiorlli  of  I  .lir.i.l..r  "     M-.,  >'»,,  ("4 

« Iml  Mimii  ««|iuriiti'>  Ntjwimii  ilariij  Koiii  Uitit-mlut  1     fW. 

Wh«l  U  ft  Hirait  7    UJ. 


M 


WIml  Itv'i  HoiihiU  in  b<i4*iii'«  Ik;  7    Ik,  La 

W'mt  Ifoiiiiil  nil  thn  oiac  C4ia«t « t  (irii«iiUn»  '    D», 

W  lint  tw.!  M.iiiitil«  III  K.iinian  ,\.ii«nt'U  7     \r.,  J'.Wi. 

WIml  ftotind  Im'Iwivii  W  kIU,,;  um  or  Quwi.  i:littrl.»tt»,'.i  inU  Quudrt 
ltd  ViiiiKiiivi^r'it  ImIui.iI  ,'    1^,4  4 

Vy'liiit  Kiiiiul  iirirlh  III'  Cix^v  Itiittcrat  7     A«. 

UcktiInj  a  t^oiiiid.    Ui!. 

WIml  flvn  L(»kr«  aro  in  llie  northern  Mrt  of  iho  United  Mtute*  ?  8f, 
Mil,,  Uii.,  F^.,  Ik,.  ' 

Wlial  riv«r  do  tliry  nil  flow  Into 7    H,.t^, 

Namo  ihu  priiifiiial  Lukcn  in  liriti«li  Am«rk»7    «'k.,  Aa.,  0..fc., 

Wliat  Lake  in  the  northrrn  pirt  of  ralifnrnU  7    O.  fi.  f.. 
Wlint  i.iiko  in  ill  thn  •otillujrn  part  of  Uuatimiila  7     N.i. 
Toll  wlut  a  Lako  i».    9li. 

What  nivor  n.iwii  into  tlio  Pi.lar  Hea  7     Mi. 

N'lmo  tho  two  chief  Rivtrn  timt  flow  into  Hiid^oii'i  Buy,      tin.,  C\ 

What  River  of  tho  Unlttd  Statu*  (luwi  into  tho  Pacific  Ocean  7  C» 

What  River  flowi  into  tho  (i.ilf  of  Calif  iriiia  7    Co. 

Which  two  largo  Rivcri  How  into  tho  tiolf  of  Mexico  7    M..,  Np 

WIml  Kivcr  flow*  into  (ho  (liilf  of  St.  Luwrcnro  7    8..[.o. 

What  Kivor  flowi  into  tho  (Julf  of  Georgia?     Fi. 

WIml  Ilivcr  Howi  into  Unjfava  Hay  7     Kli. 

W.'mt  River  flown  fVoin  I,ako  Chapala  7    Uo, 

What  River  flowi  from  Laku  Nicarujua  7    8..Jn. 

DcicriiK!  a  River.    34. 

How  aro  Rivcri^  ihown  on  Map*  7     174. 


t 


i 


What  Pcniniula  ii  in  Uhi  loiitli  purl  of  Riiunian  America  7    Aa. 

W'iPl  Ponlniula  norlli  »f  IIikIhcii'm  Ray  7     Mc. 

Wiiat  Poniniula  in  the  •outJicrn  pan  of  Dritiili  AniuricH  7    N.  S«. 


■»f»«K 


OBOanAPIIICAL   EXERCISES. 

What  Pcninsulu  in  tlio  Boutlicm  part  of  the  United  Statoi  T    Ft. 
What  Pcninmila  in  tliu  wuMtcrn  piirt  of  Mexico  ?    Cu. 
What  PcninHuhi  in  the  ciihtcrn  part  of  Mexico  7     Yn. 
What  is  a  Poniniula  7    54. 


What  Idliind  lies  cant  of  Greenland  ?     Id. 

What  Island  wcHt  of  (Jrccnlnnd  ?     Do. 

Wimt  iBlund  in  Hiidnon  [lay  7     Sn. 

What  iHlunds  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  7    Nd.,  Ai.,  C.-Bn.,  P..E« 

What  iNJandn  cast  of  Savannah  7     I)n. 

W'hat  Islands  south-east  from  Florida  7    Da. 

What  Islands  Ix-twccn  North  and  Si.-ilh  America?    W,.Is. 

f  ^\'.''»''  "'■*'  "'"  '""'■  ^"S'^"^  °^  "'«  ^Vf"'  I'"J'a  Islnnds  7    Ca..  Hi, 
Ja.,  r,.Ko.  ^ 

These  arc  called  the  Groat  AntillcH. 

Whidh  arc  the  two  chief  Islands)  on  the  west  coast  of  British  Aino 
tica  I     y-i.  and  Vs.,  and  Wn.  or  (J.  Cu. 
TcU  what  Islands  arc.    5G. 


Cd, 


Which  is  the  most  western  Cape  of  North  America?    P..Wg. 

Which  is  the  most  eaHtcm  Ca|M)  7     Re. 

Which  is  the  most  southern  Cape  ?     Ga. 

Which  is  the  most  southern  Cajx;  of  Greenland  7     Fl, 

What  three  Capes  on  the  east  coast  of  the  United  States  7 
Ms,,  CI. 

Which  is  the  most  southern  Capo  of  tho  United  States  ?    Se. 
The  most  southern  ("ajic  of  California  7     Ls. 
Tho  most  eastern  Cape  of  Guatimala  7    G.-Ds. 
What  is  a  Capt  7    57. 

.-38 

What  Mountains  extend  through  the  whole  of  North  America?  Ry 
What  arc  tlniy  called  'ji  Mexico?     M.  Cs. 
Wliiit  Mi>..cxtcnd  aliiiisr  the  W.  coast  of  U.California  7  C.  R.  and  .S.N 

What  Mountains  extend   through  the  eastern  part  of  tho  United 

States  7    Ay. 

What  two  Mountains  are  in  the  southern  part  of  Russian  America ' 
S..ES.,  Fr. 

What  two  Mountains  are  in  the  western  part  of  British  America? 
On.,  Hr. 

What  is  a  Mountain  7    Sb*. 


tilted  Statoi  7     Fa. 
)?    Ca. 
7     Yii. 


OEOOaAPIIICAL   EXERCISES. 


55 


d.,Ai,,C..Bn.,P..E. 

ipa7    W..Ih. 
l!ilandi7    Ca.,  ili, 

oast  of  DrilUli  Amo 
!rica7    P..W*. 


7    FI. 

'nitcd  States  7    Cd^ 

Statcti  7    S«. 


rortli  America  7  Ry 

Ilia  7  C.R.andS..\ 
part  of  tho  United 

r Russian  America? 

f  British  America  7 


What  lliirlilandii  arc  in  tho  northern  part  of  Greenland  7    A.-IIi. 
Mountains  and  Hills  arc  often  called  Higlilandd. 

Wliat  three  Peaka  are  in  lliu  western  part  of  tho  United  Stales  7  Fs. 
La.,  Pa.  * 

Fremont's  Peak  is  named  after  Captain  Fremont  of  tho  Uniicil 
StatCH  Army.  In  tho  year  ia4'J  Uiat  orticer  ascended  to  its  sumuiii 
and  ascertained  its  heij^ht.  ' 

Mountains  tiiat  are  liighcr  than  those  around  them  are  somctinies 
called  Peaks. 

What  Peaks  are  in  tho  northern  part  of  Mexico  7    8h. 
What  Volcano  is  in  tho  southern  part  of  J\Icxico  7     PI. 
What  two  Volcanoes  are  in  (iuutim-la  7    Wr.,  Ca. 
What  is  a  Volcano  7    69. 


What  Desert  lies  in  tho  western  part  of  tho  United  States  7 
What  Desert  lies  west  of  the  Coljrado  river 7    Sy. 
What  is  a  Desert  7    70. 


G.-An. 


Which  is  tho  most  western  division  of  North  America  7    R.-Ati, 
This  is  called  Russian  America  because  it  belonjjs  to  Russia. 
Which  is  the  most  eastern  division  of  North  America  7     Gil. 
D-Imark'  '""""'""''  ^'^^'^^  ^'"^'"^  America  because  it  belongs  to 
Which  is  the  largest  division  in  tho  North  7    B..Aa. 
This  is  called  British  America  because  it  belongs  to  Great  Britain. 
Which  is  the  largest  division  in  tho  Centre  7     U..8. 
Which  ib  tlie  largest  division  in  the  South  7    Mo. 
Which  division  lies  south  of  Mexico  7    Ga. 
This  division  is  likewise  called  Central  America. 
What  small  division  lies  north  of  Guatimala  7     Be. 
What  great  Archipelago  lies  cast  of  Mexico  and  Guatimala  7  W  -la. 
What  is  ail  Archipelago  7    S3. 

What  is  tho  capital  of  Britisli  America  7    MI. 
What  is  tho  capital  of  tho  United  States  7    Wn. 
What  is  tho  capital  of  Mexico  7     Mo. 
What  is  the  capital  of  Guatimala  7     S.-Sr. 

What  part  of  North  America  is  eri^^  by  tho  Tropic  of  Cancer  7  Mo 
What  parts  oro  crossed  by  tho  Arctic  Circle  7     Gd.,  B.-Aa.   R  -Aa. 
In  what  Zone  is  the  middle  part  of  North  America  7    N.-Te. 
In  wliat  Zone  is  tho  southern  part  7     Td. 
In  wh'il  Zone  is  the  northern  part?     N..F. 


50 


QEOtJUAPinCAL   EXUncMBH. 


VVIint  c.M.ntri.s  of  North  America  aro  in  tlio  North  Friffid  Zone 7 
Ifcl ,  iS../\a.,  |{,.Aii. 

^^ Whnt  countriis  uro  in  tho  Nortli  TuiniKjriito  Zone  1    tt-An.,  U.^, 

Whnt  coiinlrics  uro  in  Iho  Torrid  Zone  7     Mo.,  Ga.,  W.-Ir. 
In  whnt  Zone  in  the  liirifcst  part  of  North  America  7    N.-To. 


■  39 . 


MAP  NO. .').— I'NITKD  STATE.S. 

Whul  country  houm;*  Uio  I'niled  Slates  on  the  North  7     B.-Aa. 

WImt  Ocean  Imundn  it  on  the  liiml  1     Ac.-On. 

WliHt  Oceriii  ImiindN  it  on  tiie  West  7     P.-On. 

What  (iiilf  lioiinilH  it  on  tlic  South  7    Mo. 

What (iiiif  separates  Quadra  and  Vancouver's  I.  from  Oregon?  Ga. 

What  Kepiil.lie  lies  soiith-weHt  of  the  United  Stales  t     Mo. 

What  five  prriil  I.ukes  arc  in  tlie  northern  part  of  Uie  United  State*? 
Sr.,  lln.,  .Mil.,  lie,,  (Jo. 

What  is  the  ninie  of  the  eastern  part  of  Lake  Huron 7     Me. 

Wiint  [,iike  hes  cast  of  Lake  Ontario  7    Cn. 

WJiat  Luke  lies  north-wcHl  of  Luke  Superior  7     Wg. 


Wliat  irrent  River  extends  tlirou;r|,  ||,(.  middle  of  llii;  U,  States?   Mi. 

Wliich  are  its  tlireo  great  western  hranehes  .'     Mi.,  As.,  lid. 

Wliich  is  its  principal  ensterii  hruiich  7     Oo. 

Into  what  Gulf  docs  the  Mississippi  How  7    Mo. 

What  Kivcr  with  two  nanicH  in  tho  western  part  of  tlio  United 
Stat(!S  I    On.  or  Ca. 

What  are  its  two  principal  branelica  7    Lg.,  Cn. 
Pi^kT  -vir  ''"""  ""'''  """  "'"  ^"'"''''=  ^'"""'  ""ft''  of  Cape  Cod  7 
What  three  between  Cajie  Cod  and  Cai><5  Charles  7    Ct.,  Iln.,  De. 
What  three  tlow  into  Chesapeake  Iluy  7    Sa.,  Pc,  J».    ' 
What  River  flows  into  Albemarle  Sound  7     Re. 
What  two  flow  into  Pamlico  Sound  ?     Tr.,  Nu. 

.n)l^r"'  V"  '^"■"''  fl';;%i"»"  ""-  Atlantic  between  Capo  Lookout 
and  Ca,.eC.aimaveral  7    CFr.,  (J.-IV.,  Se.,  Sh.,  Aa.,  S.-Ms.rS.JB. 

nf^u  M^'^^^'^'-V"  il'."?,!"'".""-'  ^''"'  "'■  Mexico  east  of  the  mouth 
ef  tlio  MisBissipju  7    PI.,  Pa.,  Aa. 

40 

There  are  eight  Capes  on  tho  AtlanUc  cowt  of  Uie  United  State* 


FA. 

I  North  Fri;rid  Zono  1 

Zoiio  ?    tt.An.,  U.^, 

,  Go.,  W..U. 
men  7    N..Tc. 


PES. 

Nortli  7    B..A*. 


[.  from  Oregon  7  Ga, 

lulCH  /        Mo. 

oflhf  L'liiti'd  States  f 

Huron  7     Me. 

W'g. 

iflliolT,  States?    Mi. 
Mi.,  Ah.,  lid. 

). 
part  of  tlio  United 

nortli  ofCupoCod? 

I  f    Ct.,  Iln.,  De. 
3.,  Jh. 


vecn  r.i|>c  Lookout 
I.,  S.-Ms.,  S..Jb. 

)  cost  of  the  inoutb 


he  United  Statev. 


OSOUIIAPIIICAL   KXEIICMIU. 


57 


What  uo  they  7    C.I.,  Mr.,  Ch.,  Ily.,  IIh.,  Lt.,  Fr^  CI. 

What  two  CupcH  arc  on  tho  W(  ■  t  niili:  nC  Fhiridii  7     Iln,,  8e. 

Wliat  Capo  wcHt  uf  Apulachco  Hay  7     H..IIx. 

VVhnt  fiiir  Cuiic*  ore  on  tlio  Pacific  coant  of  tlio  United  HtalCH  7  Fy_ 
!>.,  Od.,  Mo. 

Wliat  Days  hctwcen  Ca|Mj  Cod  and  C.  Hattrraii7    N.-Y.,  De,,  Co. 
What  four  Dayc  arc  on  the  wcMt  eoast  of  Florida  7  (^iii,,  'i'li.,  Vr.,  Ao. 
What  three  Hiivii  hotwcen  t!iijH;  St,  DlaH  and  tho  inouthn  of  Die  .Mu- 
•inxippi  Hivi  r  I    I'a.,  Mo.,  Hit. 

Wliat  IliiyH  on  tlio  count  of  Tfxak7    On.,  Ma.,  E.-S.,  Nh. 

What  SoiiiiiIh  hetweeii  Ciipo  Lookout  and  C.  (;od  /     I'o.,  Ac,,  L.-Id. 

What  Sound  on  tho  coo«t  of  Quadra  and  Vancouver's  Inland  7    N», 

What  iHlaiid  in  there  on  tlio  coa»t  of  .Maine 7     .M.-Dt. 

Wliat  two  I«land»  lie  nouth  of  MuHBaehuHettH?     Nt.,  M.-Vd. 

What  iHland  licit  aoutli  of  Rhode  IhIuiuI  7     Dk. 

What  iHlaiid  lien  Hoiitli  of  Connecticut?     L.-Id, . 

What  IsIandH  lie  Boulh  of  FloVida  I    F,.Rh.  uiid  T.-In. 

Rccfn  Ki^nily  low,H.indy  islandg. 

What  Island  i»  nrparated   from  Oregon  Terriloiy  hy  the  Gulf  of 
Icorgiu  7    Qu.  and  V». 

What  range  of  Mountaiim  in  in  tho  wcHtern   purl  of  the  I'liiied 
SlatcH  7     Ry. 

What  range  near  the  conut  of  "he  Pacific  7    Ce, 

What  three  ranges  of  Mountains  aro  in  the  ca«tcrn  part  of  the 
United  States  7    Cd.,  Ay.,  R.-Ro. 

Thcite  three  ranges  are  called  Konietimcs  tho  Apalachian  .Mjimtaiiu. 

In  what  State  is  the  DIack  Mountain  7    N.-Co. 

This  is  tho  highest  mountain  in  the  caMtcrn  part  of  the  United  States. 

Whot  Mountains  aro  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  7     IJe. 

What  Mountains  ore  in  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  7    Gn.,  Wo 

Tho  White  Mountains  are  the  liiglie»t  in  New  Kiigland. 

What  Mountains  arc  in  Arkansas  and  Missouri  7    Uk. 


■41 


How  many  States  are  there  in  the  United  States  7    30, 
How  many  Territories  7    Five.  Wn.,  la..  In,,  .Mo.,  On. 
There  is  also  a  District,  called  tho  District  of  ('uluiiihia,  which  you 
*ill  sec  on  Map  No.  II,    In  I8l(>  it  was  diininiHlied  in  extent:  it  eon 
.uins  Wasliiiijrli.n  City,  tho  capital  of  the  United  States.    Thus  tho 
wuiteU  States  contains  i1(i  toiiarutc  divisions, 
U 


5S 


OEOORAPUICAL    £XERCI8Kfl, 


R,TI' w^  "J"  ' !  .'^''''J^?  'y;"*-:."'""*.'  tl«o  Atlm.tio  Oco»n  bntwccn  N.  w 
Brunswick  uiid  ihu  floridii  K.ci;i. 

V.^^v"  r"^  r'^r .'     r'-  ^■•"•'  '^'••'  "••^-  C'-.  N.-Y..  N..J..  Dc,  M.I.. 
"■.,  A..«^.,  >..(,.,  (la.,  I'll. 

Wliul  Stato  lii.i)  iiorili  of  Lonir  Inland  Sound  ?    Ct. 

To  wlii\i  Siiitc  doi'H  Loi)((  FHlniid  k'lt.nj;  /    N..Y. 

Wdut  fivu  Slal.H  lio  on  tlic  (Juirof  Mexico ?     Tb„  F.u.,  Mi.,  An.,  Ku 

Wlml  two  Sliilia  liu  wcHl  of  the  MiHHiHHippi  River 7     Ah,,  .Mi. 

^?"',.'^''^^'."'""''*  ''«'*'■''-•••  'I'c  MiHHiHsippi  and  the  Rocliy  M  un- 
oins  ?    Mo.,  In.  ' 

Wliiit  five  States  lio  directly  cast  of  tlio  MisBiaxippi  River?     Ml , 
1  c,  Ky,,  1h.,  >V  n.  Ill 

What  Stuto  lies  on  both  sides  of  tlio  Mississippi  ?     Ln. 

What  State  is  hounded  in  part  hy  Lakes  Huron,  Michigan,  and  Su. 
pcrior  I    Mn.  " 

What  three  States  are  honnded  in  piirt  hy  Lake  Eric  7  N.-Y.,  Pa.  Oo. 

Wlint  Stato  is  bounded  in  part  hy  Lake  Ontario  7    N..Y. 

What  two  States  docs  Lake  Chainplain  separate  7     N.-Y.,  Vt 

What  two  States  arc  Kej)aratod  by  the  Connecticut  River?'  N.-H.,  Vl. 

What  two  Stales  arc  separated  hy  the  Delaware  River  7      Pa.,  N..J, 

What  two  States  arc  separated  by  the  Potomac  River  7     Va,,  Md. 

W'hat  two  States  arc  separated  by  the  Savannah  River  ?     S..C.,  Ga. 

What  two  States  arc  separated  by  the  f 'liatlahwchoo  River  7  Ga.]  A:x. 

AVhat  five  States  uro  bounded  in  part  by  the  Ohio  River?     la.'  Is 
Uo.,  Ky.,  Va.  *     "^ 

What  two  Slates  arc  separated  by  the  Alleghany  Mountains?    N.. 

-42 

Which  is  the  largest  State  t    T», 

Tlio  smallest  7     R.-l. 

What  is  the  capital  of  the  United  States  ?     Wn. 

Which  of  the  Eastern  States  have  each  two  cajiitals  7     Ct.,  R  .1. 

The  Hi.t  Eastern  States  are  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,'Ma» 
saelniHetls,  Riiodo  Island,  and  Connecticut. 

What  is  the  capital  of  cacJi  7  Ao.,Cd.,  Mr.,  nn.,Pe.,  Nt.,  Hd,  N-Hii. 

The  four  Mhldlo  States  are  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
and  Delaware.  •'        ^ 

What  is  the  capital  of  each  7    Ay,,  Tn.,  Hg.,  Dr. 

Tlie  ton  S<jutheru  States  ore  .MuryJa.id,  Virginia,  North  Cwoliou. 


r 


Sol 
uni 

All 

In. 


tJie 

\ 

Wl 

I 

it  I 

lea  I 

\ 

Br„ 
V 
'I 

Y., 
•1 
'J 
V 

Nt., 


W 

w 
\\ 

w 
w 

Tl 

hijfh 

V. 

Oi 

w 

Hi 


8K8. 

0  Ocean  bntwccn  New 
N..Y.,  N..J..  Dc,  Md., 

}    CX 
..Y. 

Tb,,  [,u.,  Mi,,  All.,  Ku 
liver  7     Ah,,  .Mi. 
mid  tho  Ki>cli>'  .Mi  uii- 

asiaaippi  River?    Mi., 

>pi  ?    Ln. 

Jii,  Michigan,  and  Sii. 

Erie?  N.-Y., Pa., Oo. 
•io7    N.-Y. 
ilo  7    N.-Y.,  Vt 
icut  River?  N..U.,  Vt. 
re  River  ?      Pu,,  N.-J, 
c  River?     Vii,,  Md. 
ih  River?     S.-C,  Ga. 
rjclioo  River?  Gn.,  Aa, 
Ohio  River?     la.,  Is., 

B  Cumberland  .Moun. 

iny  MuunUtina?    N- 


T 


pitals?    Ct.,  R.l. 
sliire,  Vermont,  Mii* 

,Pc.,Nt.,  IId„N..nti. 

crsey,  Pciinsylvania, 

)r. 

nio,  North  Cwolinu. 


OROOItAniirAL    EXKRCI8B<). 


5n 


South  ruri)lina,  Ooorgin,  Fluriila,  Alabama,  MisHiHHippi,  I.miiBiana, 
und  TcxiiH. 

The  capital  of  each  7    Aa.,  Rd.,  Rh.,  Ca.,  Me.,  Te.,  Tu.,  Jn..  N.-O*. 
Am.  ^ 

Tlic  ten  Weiitrrn  Stntew  are  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Tenneanrr,  .Miehigan, 
Indiima,  lliini)i>.,  AlidMouri,  ArkutisaH,  WiMcoiiHin,  and  Iowa. 

Uhat  i«  the  rapital  of  each  ?    Ch.,  Ft,  No.,  Dt.,  Ir.,  8d.,  J..Cy. 
j.-Rk.,  Mn.,  l.-Vy.  ' 

Thn.iit'h  what  States  doea  tho  40lh  parallel  of  Latitude  poas  7  N. 
J  .,  Pa.,  Va.,  ()().,  la.,  Ih.,  .Mo. 

ThronjTJi  what  Territory  doe*  it  pnsH  7     In, 

Throiiirh  or  mar  what  {'itits  anil  Towns  (hien  it  pnm  7  Ph.,  I,r.,  Rd. 
W|f.,  Zc,  C».,  Rii.,  Qy.  TliCBC  pli.ccH  have  all  tlic  name  or  very  ncarii 
Uie  Baniu  latitude.  '  •' 

Whiit  aix  places  hi.vc  nearly  tho  same  latitude  as  Washincton  CiU  \ 
Wk.,  Ph.,  Mn.,  Vs.,  Va.,  S..Os.  ' 

Ry  placinp  a  ruler  on  the  Map  directly  on  the  place  named,  keeping 
It  parallel  with  the  lines  that  cro.><a  the  .Map  lr„ia  eai<t  to  weft,  tlw 
learnci  will  sec  at  once  all  those  places  tiiat  have  the  Hame  latitud'o. 

What  places  havo  the  same  ktitudu  us  tho  CUtv  of  New- York  7  Nk 
Dr.,  Dr.,  Pu.,  Lt.,  Pa.,  Dn. 

What  places  have  the  same  latitiula  as  Roston  ?  \Vr.,  Dt.,  S,.JIi.,Ga 
Throuffli  what  States  docs  the  meridian  of  Washiiiirlon  pass  7  '  N. 
Y.,  Pa.,  Md.,  Va.,  N.-C. 

Through  or  near  what  Cities  or  Towns  does  it  pass?     Ea.,  Ga. 
Those  places  therefore  havo  the  same  longitude  as  Wasliinffton  City 

»T  ^^  iii*'  'l""  P'''"'^^  '"'^'''  "'**""  "">  *■"""  longitude  as  Boston  7    Sm 
Nt.,  Ph.,  Dr. 

43 

MAP  NO.  17.— SOUTH  AMERICA. 

What  Ocean  bounds  South  America  on  tliu  East  t    Ae. 

What  on  tho  West  7     Pc. 

What  Sea  bounds  it  on  the  North  7    On. 


Wliat  aro  the  principal  Mountains  of  South  America  7 
W'jiat  is  their  Icnjrlh  7 

Tlio  hijrhcst  peak,  M.iunt  Sorato,  is  nearly  5  miles  high. 
liijflH'sl  .Mountain  in  America. 
What  is  tho  next  hijrhest  Mountain  7     li. 
On  wimi  side  of  South  America  aro  the  Andes  ?    WU 
Wliat  .Mountaiiw  are  on  the  East  7    Bn 
How  lonjf  arc  they  7 


As. 


It  is  tl 


eo 


(lI'inaRAIMIICAL    EXERCIHRfl. 


Wliat  Mi>uiitainii  nro  in  tho  wc«t  part  of  Draiil  7    01. 
What  Muutituiiu  are  between  Draxil  und  Uuiana  7    Ay. 


Which  i«  IliP  liirjrcHt  River  In  Sonlh  Amcrlcii  ?    An, 

Which  in  ItN  JiirjirHl  briinrh  7    Ma. 

Whirii  in  lh«!  HiTond  Hivnr  in  leiit'th?     R.-Pa. 

Whicli  JKllic  lliird?     On. 

Which  Is  Ihu  fiinrth  7     S.  Fo. 

Into  wimt  Occun  do  IhcHO  tldw  7     Ar. 

vVhiil  River  llotts  into  llic  C'urildinin  Sea 7    Mo. 


Which  Ik  ilic  most  northern  Cupo  of  Soiitli  America  7    Gt. 
Wliicli  Ih  tlic  most  Koiitiicrn  Cupc  !     IJn. 
Which  is  Ihc  most  eastern  7     S.-Rc. 
Which  i«  tlic  nioHt  woitcrn  7     Ro. 


What  two  Gulfs  arc  on  the  Caril)hian  Sea 7     Dn.,  v'o. 

What  two  nrc  on  tlio  we:U  coast  7     Gl.,  I'm. 

What  arc  the  principal  RiiyH  on  tho  went  const  ?     Pn.,  To, 

What  arc  iho  principal  Bays  on  the  casl  couat  7  A.-Sb.,  S.-Mh.,  S..Ge 


What  IslnndH  arc  in  the  Carihlinin  Sea  7     R.-Ao.,  Ma. 

ThcHO  are  a  part  of  the  I.ittlo  ArililliH,  which  fiirni  tlic  «oiilhcrn  divi. 
tlon  of  the  Wc>;l  liidicsi.  M.irg;irlt:i  lnlon|T:;  to  Vtnc/.iii!;i,  und  in  tho 
wd;'  Went  Indian  Inland  thiit  is  owned  liy  :i  S(i\ilh  American  power. 

What  five  iKlunds  north  of  South  America  7  'I'd.,  To.,  Ga.,  Rs.,  S..Vt 

ThcHC  fi)rm  a  part  of  tho  Carihliec  Islands, 

What  Island  lies  between  the  Amazon  and  Para  rivers  7    Jii. 

What  Islands  on  tho  coast  of  Brazil  south  of  tho  Eimator  7     la    As 
R.Sn.,  Ca.,  S,.Ca.,  Ti. 

What  Islands  cast  of  Patagonia  7     Fd. 

What  Island  south  of  Patagonia  7     T.-Fo. 

What  Island  cast  of  'I'crra  del  Fiiego  7     S..Ld. 

What  Island  cast  of  Statcn  Land  7     S.-Ga, 

What  Islands  south  of  Terra  del  Fucgo  7    Cn. 

What  Island  south  of  Ch..i  7    Co. 

What  three  Archipelagoes  south  of  Chiloc  7    Cs.,  M.-Ds,,  Q,.Afc 

What  Island  s^uih  of  tho  Gulf  of  Pcnas  7     Wn. 

What  Islands  west  of  Chili  7    J.-Fs.,  S.-Fx. 

What  Island  in  the  Gulf  of  Guayaquil  7    Po, 


Ni 


V( 

pa 
rii 
wl 


Ell. 

1?    01. 
inii  7     \j, 

?    An. 


la. 

nurica  ?    Ci, 

Dn.,  Va. 

t  7     Pa.,  To. 
A...S».,8...'M».,S..Gb 

^0.,  Ma. 

irm  tli<:  Kniitlicrn  tlivi. 
Vcncziiila,  unil  Ih  tlio 
li  American  power. 
l.,To.,Ga.,  R!<.,S..Vt 

ra  rivers  7    Js. 

i)  Eiiuator  7     la.,  Am 


:s.,  M.-Ds.,  Q..Ai. 

n. 


OEnGnArim.AL  exkiuiuiss. 


It 


Wliut  Luke  liiH  in  lliu  riorlliwiHl  |mrt  of  Vi.iu  xiKk?    Mo. 

Wluit  Lake  furniv  part  of  llio  biluudnry  lnlwccu   Peru  and 
«vitt  7    Ttt. 

What  two  I.iiktH  aro  in  Ddlivi.i  7     IJy.,  Xh. 

U'hivl  Ihruc  I.uliCN  iirc  in  Hucrioii  Ajrcn  ?     Vc,  P.<.,  In. 

Wli.it  two  LiikuH  urn  in  the  h  ullicrn  part  of  l',ii/.il  I     Ph.,  IMiii 

W  Imi  Luitu  in  Per    rurniii  tlic  Buiirto  of  U-..  AiiiiiJt.in  UivLr  7 


61 


Do 


Kh 


^^■||llt  nrc  llin  c.xlcnHivu  gra.'^xy  plM.imi   in   tho  cant  part  of  Bruiil 
fulled  7    Tlic  Sin, 

What  a.ii  the  rlrvnled  plnins  in  the  writ  part  of  Hrazil  raMcd  7  CPx, 
Point  lint  in  Vrni/m  la  tho  word  Maiion,  iinil  in  IhinnoH  Ayri'H  thu 

vord  PainpuH.     'I'hi^c  arc  ihe  naiiicB  fivcn  In  ivxtciiMivf  plainH  in  tliovi) 

partM  III  Sonth  Amurira.     They  arc,  like  Ihc  .Scrlani  in  llraiil,  t'li!  Prui. 

ricM  in  Nortli  Anurica,  and  the  StippcH  of  Asia,  covuri'd  with  groHH,  on 

whicli  vaiil  litrdu  of  cattlo  roam  and  iLed. 


Tho  t'lroo  most  northom  diviHions  on  tho  west  sidu  of  South  Aineriia 
•ru  called  thu  C'oloinliian  i^tateH, 
V/hich  arc  they  7     Va.,  N.-CJa.,  Er. 

Tlio  two  next  lying  immediately  «outh  of  tlic»o  aro  called  Iho  Pero. 
vian  States. 

What  aro  their  namex  7     Pn.,  Ba. 

Whiuli  Ih  tho  largcHt  divi^'i(m  of  Sonth  America  7     Bl 

Which  ii  th?  imallent  diviHion?     Py, 

Which  division  belongs  to  tho  BriliHh,  Dnieli,  and  French  7     Go. 

Which  is  liio  most  northern  division  of  South  Aiuurieu  7     N.-Gu. 

Which  is  tho  most  western  division  7     Er. 

Which  is  tho  most  eastern  division  7     Bl, 

Which  is  tho  most  southern  division?     Pa. 

Which  two  divisions  aro  sejiarated  by  tho  Andes  7     B.-As.  and  Ci. 


What  is  tho  Capital  of  New  Grenada  7    Ba,    Of  Venezuela  7    C^ 
or  Equador  7    Qo.    Of  Peru  7    La. 

Of  Bolivia  7    Co.    Of  Brazil  7    R,Jo.    Of  Paraguay  7    An. 
Of  Uruguay  7    Mo.    Of  Buenos  Ayros  7    B.-As.    Of  Chili  7    So. 


What  Stales  doe*  tho  Equator  pass  tJirough  7    Bl.,  Va.,  N..Ga.,  Er 

What  is  tho  Equator  7     115. 

What  Slates  does  tho  Tropic  of  Capricorn  pass  through  7     Bl.,  Py, 
B.-Aa.,  Bo. 


I 


In  wtml  Zoh,  „  i|,,.i  ,,..rl  «nitli  of  iho  Trn,,io  of  Capricorn  T  g.  T«. 
How  do  you  know  it  in  in  il,o  Torrid  Zono  7     189. 


T 


In  wimt  La.iiu.1..  i.  .I,r  ffr.uUmt  pari  of  SouU.  America?    8  U 
Wliy  IN  It  II,  Moiilli  I.alitudu  7      m. 
WJiut  b  |,niitiidc  7     i;iO. 
^_In  wimt  Lontfitudo  i»  8outl.  Aincricu.  rcclioninff  from  Greenwich  7 

r/ow  do  you  know  ii  j«  in  West  Loin;itudo  7     131. 
Wimt  in  Lonjaudu  1    N«. 

M.\r  NO.  la-ECRora 

\\\mi  Ocean  bonndn  Kuro|H!  r.i.  i),,.  Went  7    Au. 
Wliiil  Onan  lioundN  it  on  ihf  N.,rtli }     Ac. 
WImt  .S'a  boniulH  it  on  iho  Soiiili  7    JNIn. 
Whiit  .MoiintuinH  liouiid  it  on  tliu  Kant  /     I'l 

II.! iii::. Maris. a:: '"''""'"  ^^ '-'"-■"»■>■'  we..Dc..Nh, 

WImt  .Sen  in  on  the  north  tif  Rimniii  7     We. 

Wimt  Si II  liiiwocn  KunMia  iind  Swcdin  7    Be, 

What  Sia  l,Lttttcn  Scotland  and  Denmark  7     Nil. 

What  S.MI  iMtwccn  Kiij{land  and  Inland  7     III. 

What  Sctt  liutween  KiiroiK!  and  Africa  ?    Mn. 

Wiial  Sea  Houth  of  Turkey  7     Ma. 

Mhat  two  SeaH  Noiith  of  Kusnia  7     Ilk.,  Av. 

What  iH  the  name  of  the  Hea  between  Greece  and  A«ia  7     Au. 

What  18  an  Archipelago  7    33. 

What  larpn  Islnndu  lio  west  of  Europe  7     H..Is 
JV  Island  containing  Kngland,  Scotland,  and  Walen.  i.,  called  Gre« 
What  Island  liei  went  of  Great  Britain  7    Id 

IKotXlS'!^''  °"'''''"'''  "^  """  ""'^  ""'•''•  «<■""=  B"ti«»'  I"l«» » 
What  lorge  Island  liui  wc»t  of  Norway  7     Id, 


I 


V 
Xd.. 

V 

V 
To 

V 

V 
\^ 

r 

Oolii 

w 
\\ 

w 
w 
w 
\v 
w 
w 
w 


w 
w 

Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 

Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 

Wl 
Wl 

Wli 


lliat  lius  noith  of  tha 

I  of  Capricorn  f  8.  T«. 
rrid  Zune,  Uio  larsuti 

189. 
I  America  7    8.  L» 

nu  from  Grcciiwicti  J 
131. 


T 


^ii. 

id  Asia  7    Aa 

alcB,  h  colled  Gre»j 
'ftlic  British  Ih|#.^j 


OtMNiHAI'IIK  AL   KXKRCIIM. 


68 


td^i-n   '*'"'"'*  '"  '"  "'"  ""'""  **^'*'    ^''"  •*"••  "'•'  °''-  "^'  ''"- 

W.m.  (»lanil<t  in  tlia  M.'d(U>rr»n.«n  heUmg  lo  H|iain  7     Bo. 
T,.^K«''  i"'""'!'  '^''"'*  '"  **"""'"  '  ^*-    '*'•  ^"•''*'  "'■'**"  '   M«..  In. 

Wlml  iHland  miiitli  of  Un\y  1     Hy. 
Wlwt  .M.miiiiiiii  do  vfni  obmrvo  on  it  7     En, 
WImt  Ixliind  cnul  uf  (irvoco  /    Nt. 
Wlittt  Riiiall  Mtt,„|  UvtwvvH  TiiHcony  nnd  C..r«lc»  t     F:i. 
Tlil»  i.|,,nd  t»  r.;M.nrkal.l,.  f,r  bciti^  il.o  placo  lo  *lu.l,  N„|H,lt,.« 
IJ<iiwi|iarl.nviiM  Lannlic'd  ill  IHII.  m"'"- ■" 

Wlml  Ixliitid  {..•iir.s  ihf  Haiiiu  imnio  ai  a  kiriKdom  in  Iiiily  ?    g». 
What  unmll  Mund  ktwecn  Kn;(land  und  Ireliind  f     .Mu. 


(•a. 


What  «ulf  Itotwcpn  Sweden  und  ftiiHsin  /     H,. 

WImt  Iwo  (JnlfH  ill  the  iluliic  .Sen  ?     FU.,  K.i. 

VVIiiil  (;iiir  Hoiilli  of  rriiiieu  /     Lk. 

Whnt  tiiilf  tionlh  of  tlio  Kinijdoin  of  .Siirdiiiia  ? 

What  (iuir  eiiMt  of  Ilaly  I     Vu. 

WImt  (;iilf  in  tliu  lV\ck  He.i  1     Ba. 

What  Buy  iiottii  of  Sjiaiii ;     By, 


What  Channel  between  Franco  and  Enjifhind  7  Rli. 
What  Clmnncl  between  WuIcm  and  Ircloiul  7  S.-tJs. 
What  Channel  between  Ireland  and  .Scotland  7  Nh. 
What  Clmnnel  between  Deniimrk  and  No  -way  7  S..|{k. 
What  Clmnnel  Injiwecn  Denmark  and  Sweden  7  Ct. 
What  C/mnnel  between  the  Marmora  and  Black  Scon  7    Co. 

What  Strait  between  France  and  Kiiifland  7    Dr 

Wlml  .Strait  lK3tween  Eiirojio  and  At'riea  f     Or. 

Whal  .Strait  between  Cornica  and  .Sardinia  7     Bo. 

What  .Strait  k-tween  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Soa  of  Marmora?  Dt 

What  Strait  between  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Sea  of  Azov  7     Eg 

What  Strait  between  Italy  and  Turkey  7    Oo. 

What  Mountains  f ,rm  the  U.nndary  bitwecn  Eiiropo  and  Asia  7  If 
What  M.iuntttins  divide  Sweden  and  Norway  7     Ud. 
What  .M()untain»  divide  Franco  and  Spain  '     Pg. 


(H 


«<KIMmAl*lllLAI.   KXRHCIItW. 


Wh4l  MiMintiiin*  t(i  rr.iit,«'  7    (V,  At'. 
W'linl  .Miiiiiitiiiiia  ill  (Ib:  iioltli  of  f<|Miiii  I     Cn. 

Wliat  MoMiiialiig  ill  Ilia  „„,!|,  of  H|Mfn  f    H«..Mu.,  »tt..Ni». 
What  .M(,)iri»a|ii»  ill  Kwlti, rian.l  1   A»..,  lli.**  nrn  iiw  lii^lu'.l  jn  Kn 
rnim.     Ml,  II!...!.)  i»  Ihe  htghvA  u'llw  A)(i-,  it  i,.  i,r«.t  ll,Tt«  units  Jut(M 
WImt  M.iuritaina  ox(i'«i«t  ittriiii|tli  liuly  ?    Ai«. 
Whul  Mi>unt«iiiii  ill  llio  cuat  urAualria  /    Cn. 
Wlint  Muunuiio  uuiiil  tlirough  Tarkoy  f    IJii, 


Wliirli  i«  (1*1)  rnnni  northern  cupo  of  turopo  ?    Nli. 
Willi  h  it  ilio  iiioHt  nouiiicrn  J    Mn. 
VV'liicli  in  tho  riumt  iiou«l)cr«  mim  of  Norway  T     tie, 
VVIiidi  JH  ilio  iiiiwt  ■tiuiliorn  cii|io  of  Knifliind  1    U.-I'l. 
Wliii-li  ia  llio  iiii^at  kuiilliLfii  nipu  of  liilmiil  I    t'r, 
Vr'hiili  i»  llio  iii<»at  nor«lii!rn  f «i»o  of  M|iiiln  f    (M. 
\Vliii.li  in  iha  iiio«t  wcMlcrii  i»pc  of  H|Hiiii  ?     Fii. 
Wliii.li  ia  t)i«  nioMt  hmjiUIh  r/i  iiiifMj  of  ri.rUii;il  ?     8..Vu 
Whicli  i«  (he  iiioiti  mmtlierri  ciipc  of  litvecv  I    Mil, 

What  Riv«  rs  (low  into  the  Wliiio  S<u  »    On.,  Da.,  Mo. 
Itl'it^llP^"'  ""'^  '"^  "'*'  '^""  "''  """'"'*'   ^''"  '*'"'.  Kx-.  t'«-.<*fc 
Wlinl  Rfvcm  fl*.w  into  tlio  n iliic  Si-i  '     Ih,,  N,,.,  v.i.,  dr. 
What  KlviTR  flow  into  tli«  Ni.rth  Set  ?    Kf,,' Wr.,'  K*,'  ««! 
WI,(U  River,  .1,m  Into  the  Atlantic  Ocwn  »    8n.,  So.,"lc.  *  Go.,  Mo, 

What  RjvcTsj  (tnw  into  (he  Jfc(litc.rriin('im  Sea  T    Bo,,  Ro,  Tr. 
What  Rivtr  llowi  into  Ilia  Oulf  of  Venice  ?     P. 
Whol  Rivera  flow  into  the  Dlack  Sc»  l    V<\  Dr.,  Bg.,  Ut 
What  River  flowi  into  the  8oa  of  Aioi'?    Dn. 


^^Wlmt  Pcninnuia  lien  west  of  the  Baltic  Sc»  and  tho  Gulf  of  Dolhnh.t 

What  Peninsiula  Iic«  iiouth  of  Norway  T    Dli. 
What  Peninsulo  lies  ioiilh  of  Franco  7    Rn.  PI. 
What  Penina  jla  lici  wcat  of  tho  Oulf  of  Venice  T     ly. 
What  Pcninanitt  lie*  aouth  of  Turkey  ?    (io. 
Vh»t  Pcniuiula  lioa  WMt  of  tho  S«a  of  Amv  T    Ou 


I 


1 

\ 

1 
\ 

V 

\ 

% 

V 

V 

11*1. 

V 
M 
W 


V, 

/Uii 
lunil 
Di',- 
Ue.- 

of  ^ 

Napl 
A*. 


In 

Norl 
you  I 
Lonp 
Conn 
Whi( 


Wi 

Wl 
WI 
Wl 


IIM. 


>«  Hri!  ilM<  liiKlifal  in  Kit 
i»  iii!u.r  (trcu  iiiika  JiiKM 

IIm. 

?    Nil, 
rf    Ne. 

dt  ij..ri. 

?    t'r. 
(H. 

il?    8..VU 
r    Mil. 

1  Pa.,  Mo. 
tu.,  Tu.,  Kk.,  Lii.,H«. 

,  Nil.,  Va.,  dr. 
,  Wr.,  Kh.,  Hi'. 
8n.,  So.,  he,,  Qc,  Mo, 

aT    Eo,  Ro,  Tr. 
P. 

Dr.,  Bff.,  Ut 
1. 


jdthi!GuIfofno«hiiih.t 

ri. 

ico  f     ly. 


QiKKJMArillCAL   HXRBliMn. 


flS 


W\M  gnni)  tlivlil.m  of  tint  ronlt  lit«  r««t  of  Kiim]*  »    „». 
Wlim  irmuuy  ll.'»  I'li.i .,(  ttii,  Trai  MiMiiifHifu  f    H-i, 
WIm(  ii  tho  htgitt  tlUl.iiin  In  l';iirii|>o  f    Ku, 
^  What  JiviMon.  |!«  wwt  wf  tlw  IJalSk  .S,»  ,„,{  ,j,„  «,«•/■  of  Boihili*  f 

Whul  <l|vliiion  llri  toulh  of  th<t  lliillia  »u".  1     Pa. 
Wlmi  itMii.i.,n  Ilea  went  of  llw  111  .^k  Nva  r    Ty, 
WJiat  (livitlun  lici  wi-.t  of  tho  ArBhir  l^fo  r    Uo 
What  tiivUirm  lie*  went  of  thn  (iulf  .  i  Venice  t    Ij. 
What  i\t\ i.i.m  i;.,»  north  of  ih-,  (;.,|,  „)•  Virilco  J    Aa 
Wimi  dtvlWon  lii'i  north  of  Hw  M.-iUic^fumnn  Sia  f     |.>. 
What  .liviKluim  llo  wcH  „f  the  .Miditrrrnncnii  S^u  T    Kn.,  PL 
What  (livinioii*  liu  on  thu  UUtlt  M.ii  ?    Ty.,  lU, 

iia.!  ihl.""''"  ''"''''""* '" ""  "'"  ^"'"'  ^"^ '  ^^■'  *'''••  ''-'••  **'»•>  "»•. 

What  (livNluna  lio  on  tlic  IJaliio  .S«.ii  T    8n,,  Dk.,  Rs.,  p.i. 

What  tlh  i.lonii  liu  on  the  All  nil i.-  Orrnu  ?     Ny.,  H.I.,  Id.,  Fn,,  Hii..  PI, 

WIml  diviniutii  liu  oi'  tUc  Mi  .lnorrautuii  .S^u  /    Kn!,  Fu.,  ly,,  Ou 


Wlint  i»  tho  rii|i|(M  of  Swd.ii  7    8m.  —  Of  RosHia  ?    S  .P^  _  Of 
/)oi.ma,k?    Cii.-Ol  MiMovrr?    Ilr.-i  )f  |.;„^,|,„„|  T    I,t.,_oV  IM 

a.'     /.•V"""''r'5/  "•'•-*"  ""^""'"   MI'-OfHwd  "d 
itrT       ''?".r''    '".•-•"^l"'"''    Md_OfP„rt.,Kan    I.n.- 
OlSnrd.ouf   Tn -Of 'J'uH.nn,,  ^    F..,_(»C  tho  Po,K,d.im  ?    Rr.-<|f 
N.jdcs'    NH.-OrAu.tria?    Vb.  -  Of  Turkey  T   Ce.-OfOrwif 


Af 


In  whiit  Lnfimdo  IK  Kurono  T  N  -I.f .  -  rT.,w  do  von  know  It !»  in 
North  Lnlitiulc  ?  In  whnt  LonjTit,,.!,.  j,  k  ,„„^,|y  ?  ■  |,j,.j^,.  —How  do 
VoiJ  kiijw  U  I.  in  Ivmt  L;meiiud«  ?  W  h«t  ,«rl»  of  Kuropo  aro  in  W^«t 
T-onffiludc J  PI.,  .S,..,  F...,  Ld.,  Kil,  ld.-VVhi..h  i.  ih«  in.  .1  N..,.|,.ni 
*''!','",'>;  "I^  '''Un.!^.?  Ny.-Whirh  U  'l.o  mo«t  !,,Milhorn  ?  Ov  - 
Wlui'h  u  thu  tiiuBt  La.tcru  »    R».-\Vhiai  Ii  tho  mu«t  Western  ?  Id. 


•48 

MAP  NO.  23.  — ASIA. 
What  prcnt  division  boundi  Asi*  on  tho  West  ^ 


E«. 


What  grout  divii-ion  bound*  Aoiii  on  the  North^ait  J     N*A«. 
What  irrcat  division  bounds  it  on  tho  South.wont  7    A«. 
Whal  Ot  Ml  bwuiutu  it  on  tiio  NorUi  7    Ac.  or  Northern 


I 


ORlMJIUI'HIl'AL    KUKHilfetO. 

II « Iha  H.miti  t    In. 
tt  M  lh«  Cunt  1    Va, 


i-. 

I 


\V)m( 


What  Mt-tt  itUi.l««  Atiii  IV»iii  AlVte*  7    Kit. 

Uhiit  Sta  iii'iHiMK »  iiiriiiiMxCM  ftum  Ar«bi«  I    An. 

Wliiil  Sua  litN  wf«|  III'  Syria  7     Mil. 

Whui  mo  («<  III  III'  iiorlli  of  Turkiiy  1    M«.,  Ilk. 

Whiit  Hi'a  III N  vmt  of  Nova  /inilila 7     K*. 

Wliiit  Hta  Ika  eaat  uf  Kiiiiitiii'lmllta  1     Ka. 

Wtiiit  H>.'«  jli't  wt'Kt  of  k'lii.iUi  Imtka  7    Ok. 

Wlut  S«a  liv«  wiHi  of  Ihi!  Kiirilo  l.hitiiU  1    3iu 

What  H»itt  lltii  Ulwun  Ni|iliiin  ami  Ciirca7    in. 

What  Mi'a  Ilea  wiwl  of  (Wiift  7     Vw. 

What  Hia  licM  cnut  of  Coihln  China  7    Cn. 

Ania  cuiituiiiii  ihfto  liilcricf  Hi'aa  i  which  «r«  tliry  7    Cn.,  Al.,  DA 

What  .Mountain*  acpurale  Kiirupo  (Vum  Aaia  7     (Jl. 

W hit  Miiuntftina  Uiiinil  Hilwria  <m  tl.o  Mouth  7    L..AI.,  (>...VI. 

What  .Mounlaina  BxicniJ  throiisjli  .Mmicolia  7    Tn. 

What  iMuunluiiia  boimd  Tlulx  t  uri  tlio  .\iirth7     Kn. 

W'hul  .Miiiiiitaiiiii  IhiiiikI  llihilM(),i;ni  on  lh<i  Norili-iuul?    Ilh. 

Which  in  the  hi){liL«t  ol'lho  iliininalch  mouiitaina  and  ita  hvi){ht  7  C'«. 

What  Aluiintiiina  in  tliu  anulhurn  part  ul'  liiiiiluoatan  7    Ut. 

What  .Moiinliiiiia  aru  in  Tiirkuy  7    Ta. 

What  Mniiitliiina  arn  in  IVrHia  7     Ma. 

What  .Mouiituina  bimnd  Inili  |k  iideiil  Tartary  on  the  South  7  II.,  Kh 

What  Moiiiiiama  arc  in  (,)|iina7     I'g.,  M(f. 

What  Muuntaini  acparutu  Circoaaia  from  Georgia  7    Ci, 

What  throe  Oulfa  ore  in  the  north  part  of  Siberia?    Oc.,  Yl.,  1.0. 

WJiut  two  (Julfn  bolwocn  remia  and  Arabia?    Pn.,  Oa. 

What  two  (.iuHh  on  thu  WKat  coaat  of  IlindiKmtnn  7    Cli.,  Cy, 

What  (iiilf  Hr|iarut('a  Ilindmmtan  fVoin  Ceylon  7     Mr. 

What  (iulf  Hiiiilh  of  lliriiiali  7     Mn. 

What  Gulf  bi'twi'i'n  Siuin  and  Cambodia?    Sm. 

W)mt  (liilf  I'anl  of  Aiiani?    Tn.     WImt  near  tlio  Yullow  Atia  7    Pf. 

Wliat  (julf  north  of  Kunitiichatku?    Ar. 


Which  ii  the  mont  northern  Capo  of  Ania  7    CVi, 
Which  la  the  moat  uuiiihern  Capo  7     lU. 


H 

W 

Cn  I 

W 
W 

w 
w 
w 
w 
w 
w 
w 

Wl 
Wl 

Wl 

Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl, 
Wl 
Wli 
Wli 

Wli 
Wli 
Wli 
Wli 
Wli 
Wli 
Wli 

Wli 
Wli 
Wli 
Wli 


I 


ifM. 


1    An. 

Ilk. 


Ji). 
Jn. 


iUeyl    Cn.,Al.,Da. 

1    VI 

1    L..AI.,  (»..AI. 
Tn. 
7     Kn. 

ortli-iuul?     nil, 
innunilitilivlKlit'  C'«k 
■looatiiii  1    Ut, 


on  tho  South  r  II,,  ICb 
rgia?    Cf. 

«flft7    Oc,  Yi.,  I.a, 

Pn.,  Oh. 
•tun  7    Cli.,  Cy, 
1 7     Mr. 

till, 
tho  Yolliiw  8«ii  t   Pk. 

r..vi. 


0K4Ki|tAriU(  Al.    tSXHRClaM.  81 

Whioli  It  Iha  niiMl  aMlern  ('ii|m  7     111. 

Whlrh  •«  (h«  molt  Kiuihnrn  CttMa  of  lliiiiluo<iin  Uat  l)irm»li* 
Cn.  «in1  Ni. 

Wimt  threa  great  Riv.  r«  flow  int.)  the-  Northern  0«MnT  Om.,  Vi.,  L*. 

Wlwl  liivcr  llowt  Into  tlit  ClnnnBl  of  Turtary  7     Af. 

VVImt  Iw.i  largo  Itivrm  How  Ihroiigli  ('liina  7     Ifo,,  Vg. 

Wliut  HUcr  it'imraU  I  Cocliin  China  (Voin  Camlioiln  7    C». 

What  River  (low*  Into  tii«  Uulf  of  Martalian  7     I/. 

What  two  Riv<'r«  (low  into  thn  R.iy  of  D4'iiffril  7    (i».,  Ur. 

What  Risi'r  ImuiihU  lliiidoDKiari  on  tha  wrut  t     U. 

What  two  Rivi  r«  iiniln  nml  l)ow  info  tho  Pimian  tinlf  ?     l'.».,  T», 

Wha    RiM  rn  flow  into  tho  CaKpiin  .Spa  7    Va.,  I'l. 

What  two  RivcrN  How  inio  i!.  ■  Hvn.  of  Aral  7    Ao.,  Sa. 

Wli»t  Wivnf  lluwa  through  Littia  llolthara  7    Ct, 

What  Tolaiiil  wi'nt  of  Syria  7    C>. 

What  III  nil  «oiiih  of  Iliniloixtrin  7    Cn. 

What  IpiIiiiiiN  III  111,.  Jiiiy  „f  Hcngiil  7    An.,  St. 

What  I«Ianil  w<i«t  of  Malacca  7    l'..Pg. 

What  Iilnnil  loulh  of  (^hina  7    Iln. 

Whot  MtiniU  cant  of  Chlnii  7     Fa.,  I.-Co. 

Wliat  IkI.iiiiIx  li.rm  tho  Kiiipiro  of  Jui»an  7    Jo.,  Na.,  8u.,  Ka< 

Wimt  IhIiiikI  iiaMt  of  >|iinlihiM)ria  I    hn. 

What  Inlandii  loutli  of  Kuintntliulka  7     K.'. 

What  rangn  of  Iilunihi  i-ont  of  Kaiutiichttlk  i  /     An. 

Wliat  Ihrou  Ivlanda  north  of  K.uiria  7    Ki,,  I,f,,  N..8a. 


il 


What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
Wimt 

What 
What 
What 
What 


Strait  wj/iirnioi  Asia  (Voni  North  Aincriii  7     lis. 

Strait  Utwotn  llm  Inlanda  of  Jcmiio  niiil  Nijilioii  /     My. 

.Sirnt  htlwtcn  (-'oi-ca  mid  Japan  7    Cu. 

Strait  bt'twfcM  Cliina  and  FormoHa  7    Fa. 

Htrail  lietwetn  Malacca  and  Sumatra  7    Ma. 

Strait  between  Arabia  and  AliyHninia?    lib, 

two  great  diviaion*  does  thin  Strait  unparalu  7     Aa..  An. 

Pcninnula  lio*  between  tho  I'crHian  (iulf  and  tho  Red  Sea  I 
Peninsula  aouth  of  Siain7    Ma. 
Pc"inBultt  between  tho  Yi  How  .Sua  and  Ihn  .Sea  of  Japan  7  Cu 
Peniniula  belwoon  tho  iieaa  of  Ochol  k  ond  Kanitnehalkd  7  Ku. 


All. 


i 

I!' 

¥ 

i 


II 

II 


68 


aEOORArillCAL    EXERCISES. 


What  lalhnius  k'twcun  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Alcdilorrancun  Sea  7  8* 
What  two  great  diviaions  doen  it  iinito  7     An.,  An. 
What  IsUimua  west  of  tJio  Gulf  of  Siain  7    Kw. 


GO. 


What  three  Lakes  aro  in  the  southern  part  of  Sibcrid7  Ty.,  An.,  Bl. 
What  two  ore  in  Soongaria7    Ilh.,  Z...\r. 
'I'liu  word  Nor  in  Central  or  Middle  Asia,  a])poara  to  mean  Lake. 
What  Lake  is  in  Littlo  Uokliara  ?      L.-Nr. 
Wliat  tiirco  Lakes  in  China  7    K..Nr.,  Tg.,  Vg. 
What  Lake  in  Afgiianiatan  7    Zli, 

Tlic  Caspian,  Aral,  and  Dead  Seas,  are  in  fact  Lakes,  but  have  boon 
colled  Seas  becauso  tlicir  waters  arc  salt. 


To  what  Empire  do  the  Nortiicrn  part*  of  Asia  belong  7    Rn. 

What  Empire  in  the  middle  and  eastern  parts  of  Asia?    Ce. 

What  great  division  in  the  south  of  Asia  7    la. 

What  country  north  of  the  Altai  Mountains  7    Ra. 

What  groat  division  south  of  the  Altai   Mountains  7    C.-Ty. 

What  great  division  east  of  tho  Caspian  Sea  7     I.-Ty. 

What  country  south  of  tiie  Black  Sea  7    Ty. 

What  country  east  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea  7    da. 

What  country  east  o«"  the  Red  Sea  7    An. 

What  country  south  of  tho  Caspian  Sea  7    I'a. 

What  comitrics  east  of  Persia  7    An,,  Bn. 

What  country  between  tho  Arabian  Sea  and  tho  Bay  of  Bengal?  Iln. 

What  countries  oast  of  tho  Bay  of  Bengal  7     Bh.,  Sm. 

What  division  cast  of  the  Cambodia  River  7    Am, 

What  countries  are  included  in  Anam  7   Ca,,  CCa.,  Tn.  part  of  Ls. 

What  country  north  of  Anam  7    Ca. 

Tho  Chinese  Empire  includes  nine  different  countries:  what  are 
yicy  7    Sa.,  Ma.,  Ma.,  L..l3a.,  L..Tt.,  Tt.,  Bn.,  Ca.,  Ca. 

Independent  Tartary  includes  six  different  countries  j  what  are 
hey  7    Ks.,  Ta.,  Ka.,  Kn.,  G.-Ba,,  Kz. 

Afghanistan  includes  two  different  States ;  what  arc  tJicy  7  lit,  CL 
What  Empire  lies  east  o*"  Uie  Chinese  Empire  7    Jn. 

What  is  the  Capital  of  Siberia  7  Tk.-Of  the  Tartar  States,  Kokan. 
lOuya.  and  Bokhara  7  Fn.,  Ka.,  Ba.  —  Of  Persia  7  Tn.  —  Of  t)io 
Arabian  States,  Ilcdjaz,  Yemen,  Ncdsjed,  and  Oman?  Ma.,  Su. 
»a„Mt.- Of  Herat?     Ht. -Of  Calm!?    CI.  ~  Of  Lahore  7    U-,  J 


r 


Of 

Sid 


Dh. 


V 

V 
V 
V 

V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 

..c 

V 
V 

V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 
V 


M'? 


KS. 

.-ditorruncun  Sea?  3k 

Aa. 

w. 

•Siberia?  Ty.,An.,BL 
ars  to  mean  Lak», 

Lake?,  but  have  been 

I  belong  7    Rn, 
of  Asia?    Ce. 

Ra. 
ains  ?    C.-Ty. 
I..Ty. 

Sa, 


Bay  of  Bengal?  Iln. 
Bli.,  Sin. 
Lin. 
!.-Ca.,  Tn.  part  of  La 

countries;  what  are 
,Ca. 

:ountriosj   what  ara 

tare  they  7  Ilt.CL 
t    Jn. 

i'artar  States,  Kokan, 

■sia  ?     Tn.  —  Of  the 

Oman?     Ma.,  Su, 

Of  Laliore  ?    Lc.  - 


r 


OEOORAnilCAL    EXKRCISES.  (JU 

Of  HindooBtan  ?  Ca.  —  Of  Thibet  7  I.a.  —  Of  Birmah  ?  Aa.  —  Of 
Siani?  Bk.— Of  Anaia?  lie  — Of  China?  Pn.  —  Of  Corta  ?  Ko.- 
Of  Japan  7    Ju. 


What  country  in  Asia  docs  tho  Arctic  Circle  pass  through  7    Pa. 
Wliat  countries  docs  tlio  Tropic  of  Cancer  pass  through  ?  A.i.,  Iln 
Dh.,  Ca. 

In  what  Zone  is  the  northern  part  of  Asia  7    N.  Fd. 
In  wliat  Zono  is  tlio  central  part  of  Asia  7    N.-To. 
In  what  Zono  is  the  Bouthern  part  of  Asia?     Td. 
In  wliat  Laiiiudo  is  Aaia  wholly  /    N..r.o. 
How  do  you  know  it  is  in  Nurtli  Latitude  7     133, 
In  what  Longitude  is  Asia  from  (irocnwich?    E.-Lc. 
How  do  you  know  it  is  East  Longitude  7     Lll. 


51 


MAP  NO.  25.  — AFRIC.\. 

What  Sea  bounds  Africa  on  tlio  North  ?     Miu 
What  Sea  bounas  it  on  the  East  7    Rd. 
What  Oecan  bounds  it  on  tho  East  ?     In. 
What  Ocean  bounds  it  on  the  VVc^t  7    Ac. 


What  Strait  separates  Morocco  from  Sj  <iin  7    Gr. 
What  Strait  separates  Abyssinia  from  Arabia  7     Bb. 
What  Gulf  between  Tripoli  and  Barca  7    Sa. 
Whit  Gulf  between  Berbera  and  Arabia  7    An. 
Whai  Gulf  south  of  Upper  Guinea  7    Ga. 

What  Bays  on  the  southern  part  of  the  west  coast?    G.-Fh.,  Wh. 
..Cr.,  S.-Ha. 

What  Bay  on  the  cast  coast  north  of  Caffraria  7    Da. 
What  Channel  between  Madaguscar  and  Mozambiijuc  7 


Mo, 


Bn. 


Which  is  the  most  northcifn  Coj  <;  of  Af  "ica? 

Which  is  the  most  southern  Capo  7    As 

What  is  tho  most  eastern  Cape  7    Gi. 

Which  is  the  most  western  Cape  ?    Vo. 

What  celebrated  Cape  ucar  the  southcrr  extremity  uf  Africa  7  G.-Hc. 

What  two  Copes  on  the  desert  cotst  ?     Br.,  Bu 

What  Capo  at  tho  southern  extremity  of  Liberia  7    Ps. 


70 


OEOORArillCAL   EXERCISER. 


P 


f! 


What  Copo  at  the  nortliorn  extromity  o.'  Mo/iimliiquo  7     Da. 
Wliat  Cai>o  at  tlie  northern  cxlrcniity  of  Zangucbar  7     B». 

Which  i«  tlio  principal  River  in  Africa  ?    No. 

Tho  Nile  i«  rcmafkablo  for  flowing  ICOO  miles  \vit)iout  roccivinff  tiie 
■malicNt  tributary. 

Into  wliat  Sea  docs  tho  Nile  empty  7    Mn. 

Wliat  arc  itn  three  chief  branches  7    Ad.,  Ai.,  To. 

*"hnt  three  Rivers  empty  into  the  Atlantic  Ocoan  on  the  woit  cou.t 
of  Africa  7    SI.,  Ga.,  R.-Go. 

What  River  in  Liberia  7    S..Ps. 
What  River  empties  uilo  tho  Gulf  of  Guinea  7    Nr. 
This  is  a  very  romaikal.lo  river  j  though  heard  of  20  centuries  ago. 
Its  source  and  nioutli  were  discovered  only  u  few  years  since. 
What  River  between  Angola  and  Bcnguela  7    Ca. 
^Vhat  River  between  Loango  and  Congo  7    Co. 
What  River  south  of  Bcnguela  7    Bo. 

What  River  runs  through  the  country  of  the  Ilottcptots  7    Oo. 
What  River  flows  into  Dclagoa  Bay  7    Mc, 
What  River  flows  into  the  Mozambique  (Channel  7    Zu, 
Whot  Rivers  rim  tlirough  Zunguebar  7    Oc,  Wo. 
Wbat  Rivers  flow  into  Lake  Tchad  7    Yu.,  Sy. 

What  two  Lakes  in  Soudan  7    Td.,  Fc.  * 

What  Lake  north  of  Baml  arra  7    Dc. 

What  Lake  'n  Abyssinia  7     Da. 

W'hat  Ijakc  in  Barbary  7    Lh. 

What  Lake  west  of  Zsmgucbar  and  Mozambique  7 


Mi. 


52. 


What  three  groups  of  Islands  in  tho  Atlantic  Ocean  bclone  to  Por 
tugal  7    Ac,  Ma.,  C.-Ve.  * 

What  group  of  Islonds  belongs  to  Spain  7    Cy. 

What  tlireo  Islands  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea  belong  to  Portugal  7   Ps 
f^.-Ts.,  An. 

Which  is  tiie  most  northern  Islan  I  in  tho  Gulf  of  Guinea  7    F.-Po. 

What  two  Islands  south  of  tlie  Equator  belong  to  Great  Britain  ? 
An,,  S,.Ha. 

,  ^.'•, "^'«"'' '?  remwkablo  for  being  tho  place  of  imprisonment  and 
burial  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  He  died  hero  in  1821,  after  a  rcsidcncn 
jl  fix  ye.ir».    In  the  year  1840,  lii  *  remains  were  taken  to  Franua. 

What  great  Archipelago  in  the  Indian  Oceas  7    Ea. 


(if 


Cil 


Ei. 

iinbiquo  7     Do, 
uobur  7     Bi, 


witliout  receiving  tilt 

To. 

an  on  the  wo«t  cou.-t 

Nr. 

of  20  centuries  ago, 
ycarH  Biiiuc, 
Ua. 

ottcptots  7    Oo. 
il7    Zo. 


u7    Mi. 


scan  belong  to  Per. 


f  to  Portugal  7  Ps.. 

if  Guinea  7    F.-Po, 
to  Great  Britain  7 


impriHonmont  and 
!l,ailer  arcsidenev 
taken  to  Franua. 

Go. 


GEOOHArillCAI.   EXEnCI»E8. 


71 


What  arc  it«  principal  iNluriilN  and  groiipH  7    Mr.,  Co,  So    Ao.  Mn 

Which  arc  t)io  Maicarenha  Inlandi  7    Bn.,  Mi. 

The  latter  in  ortvii  called  the  lulu  of  France. 

What  I>tlundM  belong  to  Great  Britain  7     M».,  8c.,  Ao. 

What  iHlund  brlmigN  to  Franco  7     Bn. 

WJml  IhIiiiuIh  helping  to  MuHcat  7     Pa.,  Zr.,  Ma. 

What  (NiandM  between  Madag.iHcar  and  .Moy.iiiilii(pe  7    di, 

What  InluMdH  iiorth-eaMt  of  (/'ajio  Guardafiii  7    Ha,,  A,-C,i. 

'I'o  what  power  doc»  Soeotra  lN:lotig  7     Km. 


W'httt  Moimtaina  extend  through  Barbnry  7    Ah. 

What  ii  the  highot  Peak  of  the  Atla*  MountaiiiH  7  Mn.     lliw  Utgh 
uit7  ' 

What  Mountain*  between  Soudan  anil  Guinea  ?    Kjf. 
What  Mountaina  between  Houdan  and  Kthiojiia  7    Mil. 
What  MountuinN  in  Congo  7    CI. 
What  MduntaiiiH  in  (!ape  ('oluny  7    Sw. 
What  MountainR  wchI  of  Mozarnliiiiue  7     La. 
These  MiiuntaiMH  have  been  called  by  t'<'o(,'r(i|ili(r(i  tlie  D.MclinuMe 
(if  the  world,  but  their  very  exiHteiiee  ih  now  eonHidered  doublliil. 
What  MountainH  in  .MadagaHcar  7    Ua,,  Ud. 


What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 

L..Ga, 
What 
Whiit 
What 
Wliiit 

fls.,  Uh. 


great  diviHion  oecupieii  the  northern  part  of  Afriea  7     By. 

States  does  Barbary  include  7    Mo.,  Ah.,  Th.,  Ti.,  B..Jd. 

great  diviHion  lies  south  of  Barbary  7    G..Ut. 

great  divihions  lie  south  of  the  Great  DcHcrt  7    Sn.,  Sa. 

great  divisions  lie  south  of  Soudan  7  U.-Oa.,  L..Gu.  and  Ea. 

great  division  lies  west  of  Soudan  7    Sa, 

great  di'/ision  on  tho  west  coast  on  both  sides  of  the  KljuatorT 

great  division  on  tiic  east  coast  on  both  sides  of  the  Eipiatdr  7  Zr 
great  division  lies  south  of  the  .Mountains  of  the  .Mcjon  7  Jvi 
colony  oeen|)ieH  the  southern  extremity  of  Africa  .'    C.-Cy, 
two  roeos  of  men  inhabit  the  country  north  of  CaiK;  CoK/ny  7 


53- 


What  countries  lie  on  tho  Red  Sea  7    Et.,  Na.,  Aa. 

In  whit  country  arc  the  mouths  of  tho  river  Nile  situated  7    Et. 

What  is  the  district  oiiij-riHcd  between  tho  outlets  of  tho  river  Nile 
tailed  7     U  X 


u 


ill 


I 


^^ 


t*  OEUGnArillCAL   EXLHCIBEli. 

I^'lmt  if  a  Delta  7 

It  i«  a  term  upplii  d  to  tlio«c  dintrirt*  cnibrncoil  by  tlic  outletn  of  rlvert. 
'I'lio  Nilo,  Niger,  (JaiicrH,  MissiuBijuii,  iind  ollitr  great  itrcanii,  Imve 
cucb  their  reapcclivo  iJcltaR. 

What  DcBcrt  occiipifs  a  hirpo  portion  of  the  north  of  Africa?  G.-DL 

What  DcHcrtbotwecn  the  river  Nilo  and  tlio  Roil  Sua  7    Nn. 

What  DcBcr^  croHBcd  by  tlie  Tropic  of  Copricorn  7    Ch. 

IIow  loni?  and  wide  in  tlie  Great  DoHcrt  7 

Tlii*  is  tiio  InrpcBt  IV-Hcrt  in  tlio  world  ;  and  tlioiijjh  oxtremrly  hot. 
and  in  most  places  destitute  of  water,  yet  conlaiiiH  a  nuniljcr  of  ll-rtilu 
ipol«  called  Oases,  all  of  which  are  inliabit(;d. 

Which  arc  the  five  principal  Oases  7    Fn.,  Tt.,  As.,  Bh.,  Ty. 

'Micro  arc  four  other  Oases:  which  are  tlioy  7  An.,  8li.,  E..D1,,  E.-Kh. 

What  is  the  western  part  of  tlio  Gicat  Desert  called  7    So. 


What  is  the  Capital  of  Morocco  7  Mo.  — Of  Alfficrs  7  As.— Of 
Tunis?  Th.  — Of  Tripoli?  'I'i,  —  Of  Fc/.zan  7  Allt.  — Of  Eiryptl 
Co.  —  Of  N  ubia  7  N..Ua.  —  Of  Foota  JtUlon  7  To.  —  Of  Ashantco  7 
Co.  — Of  Uahomcy?  Ay.  — Of  IJenin7  Un.— Of  Kaarta  7  Ko.— 
Of  Tinibuctoo7  To.  — Of  Danibarra?  So.  — Of  Iloiissa?  Ka.— 
Of  Yarr:.ia  7  Eo.  —  Of  Hornou  7  Ka,  —  Of  Uerfffw  7  Wa.  —  Of  Dur 
fur  7  Ce.  -  Of  Kordofan  7  It.  — Of  Abyssinia?  Or.- Of  Congo  I 
S..Sr.  —  Of  Angola  7  S..P..Lo.  —  Of  BenffUKbi  7  S.-F.-Ila.  —  01'  Ca- 
zcmbe?  Co.-  Of  Mnnoniolapa?  Zo.— Of  Mozambique?  Of  Cane 
Colony?    C.  Tj.  — Of  Iniorina?    Tu. 


Wiial  parts  of  Africa  arc  crossed  by  the  Tropic  of  Cancer  ?  G.  Dt,  Et 
What  parts  by  tlio  Equator  7    L..Ga.,  Ea.,  Zr. 
What  parts  by  tlio  Tropic  of  Capricorn  7    l!g.,  D.-Ch.,  Da.,  M& 
In  what  Zone  ia  Africa  mostly  ?    Td. 

In  what  Zone  is  that  part  of  it  north  of  the  Tropic  of  Cancer  7  N,  Te 
In  what  Zone  is  that  part  of  it  south  of  tlio  Troi)ic  of  Capricorn  7 
S.  To. 

Africa  comprises  about  37  dcprrccs  of  Njrth  Latitude,  and  35  drgioe* 
of  Soulu  Latitude.    In  what  Latitude  then  is  it  mostly  silualeu  7  N.-I^e. 

Africa  co.'nj- rises  more  than  50  degrees  of  East  Longitude,  and  about 
1 S  degrees  el  West  Longitude.  In  what  Longitude  is  it  then  mostlv  7 
E.-Lo. 


•54- 


MAP  NO.  28.— OCEANICA. 
VfhicU  ore  the  tint*  grand  dwiaions  of  Oceanica  J     Ma,.  Aa.,  P» 


V 
V 

w 

Mall 
Vil 

vv 
w 
w 
w 

w 
w 

Ar 

goinj 

W 

w 

Wl 

W) 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wl 
Wli 
Wl 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 

Wh 

Wh 

Bn.,  L 

Whi 
Whi 

Wh. 

win 

Wh. 

Sealan 

Whi 


ft 


^^^.  ■ 


'tlicoutletHof  rivcrf. 
I^rvat  itruumi,  imve 

III  <>r  Africa  7  G.-Dt. 
<ISea7     Nil. 
!oru  7    Cii, 

oiijjli  oxtrrmrly  liot. 
I  a.  nuiiiljcr  ut'  Ibrtilu 

As.,  Dh.,  Ty. 
.,8l..,E..Dl.,E..Kh. 
ullud  ?    Su. 


Algiers  7    As.— Of 

Mk.  — or  Egypil 

\).  —  Of  A8)inntco  1 

)rKaarta7    Ko.- 

f  IIausHa7     Ka. — 

>o?  VVu.  — Of  Dar 

Or.  —  Of  Cniipo  I 

S.-F.-Ita.  — OrCa. 

imbiquu  7    Of  Cape 


Canccr7G.Dt.,  El 

D.-Ch.,  Da.,  Me. 

c  of  Cancer  7  N.  To 
opio  of  Capricorn  7 

ude,  and  35  dcfrioet 
;ly  silimlifu  7  N.Jje. 
onjcrltiidc,  and  about 
c  is  it  then  mostly  7 


a  I    Ma,.  An..  P» 


OBOORArmCAL   BXESCMBS.  <y| 

Which  i«  tho  lar^Mt  diviaion  of  Oceanica  7    Pa. 
Whidi  is  tlic  iinalJcjt  diviiion  of  Oceanica  7    Ma. 

MaTaJrf "laTnt  cf  •=  ''^^"^^''  Equator  pa.,  .i.ough  in 
What  Island  lion  .outh^Mt  of  Samatra  7    Ja. 
VVhH  fivo  iHlandfl  cast  of  Java  7     By.,  So,  Ja,  F»,  TV. 
Wliat  InlaHdn  eart  of  Celobo*  7    Ha. 
What  IiUuid.  caat  of  tlio  China  8oa  7    Pe. 
Which  arc  the  two  largeat  of  the  Philippine  Islands  7    Lti..  Ma 


Ma 


What  Strait  Mparalcs  Sumatra  from  Malacca  7 
What  Strait  aeparatoa  Sumatra  from  Java  7     8a. 

American  vessel,  generally  pas.  tJirough  the  Strait.  ofS.uid.  .m 
gnwg  to  or  returning  from  China.  o'u>o«  -m 

What  Strait  botwoen  Borneo  and  Cclebe.  7    Mr. 

What  I.lands  between  Borneo  and  Mindanao  7    So. 

What  Mountain  ia  Sumatra  directly  under  tlw  Equator? 

Which  is  tho  lar  jrcst  Island  of  Australasia  7    Aa. 

What  are  ita  division.  7     W..Aa.,  S..Aa.  and  Nfc-W. 

What  Colony  on  tljo  oai«  coast  of  Australia  7     tt.By. 

What  Colony  OB  the  west  coast  7    a.Rr.    OnUiowuthT    8..A«. 

What  Island  Muth  of  Australia  7    V.-D.-Ld.  or  T«. 

What  Strait  separate.  Australia  fl-em  Van  Dieman'.  Land  7    B. 

What  Strait  wparate.  Australia  from  Papua  or  New  Guinea  7    T. 

What  two  Gulf,  on  opposite  side,  of  Aurtralia  7    Ca,  Ss, 

Which  i.  the  principal  River  in  Aurtral'a  7    My. 

Which  are  tho  principal  Mountain,  ia  Au.lraUa7    Be   Ba. 

Which  it  ita  principal  Town  7    By,  ^ 

What 

What 
Bn.,  Lo. 

What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
Sealand 
What 


larg«  laland  north  of  AuMralia  7    Pa.  or  N.-Ga. 

Island.  north.««K  of  Australia  7    S-Ao,  N.-Ga,  N..M,  N. 

Island,  eart  of  Australia  7    N.-H.,  N..Ca,  Nk. 

Sea  between  Australia  and  New  Hebrides  7    CL 

iHlands  wuth^asl  of  Australia  7    N..Zd. 

Strait  between  the  two  lar^st  I.lands  of  New  Zealand  7  C 

StraU  between  the  middJa  and  touthemmoat  Island  of  N« 

Bay.  in  the  northern  part  of  New  Zealand  7    I«.,  IN 


.j.Tiiijfc)ijuj.ii^ 


-Hfh' 


74 


OIHHIRAPUICAL   KXERCISEK. 


65 


Which  Arthipchigo  of  Polynigia  dcx-s  the  Equator  pami  tlirciugh  1  CI. 

Wliich  iiro  thu  princiiml  Archiiii'liiRiKm  niul  IhIoikIh  of  I'oJyiiciia 
north  of  ihu  Iviuiitor  7     Al^.-A.,  An.-A.,  (.'v.,  Lo.,  Sli.,  Au. 

What  Arilii|i(;liiKo  Viva  on  tlio  140th  meridian  of  Longitude  wont 
from  Ctrccawich  7     iVIii. 

Wliiit  groupH  of  Ihlnndu  d(K^»  it  contain  7     Wn.,  Ms. 

Which  iirK  tlif  priticipii!  IhIiuuIs  fast  of  tho  KiOth  meridian  of  Lor. 
(filiiiln  wcHt  from  (•rrcnwicli,  nnd  »outli  of  tliu  E<|uator7  Sy.,  Gn. 
Ch.,  AI.,  Ph.,  I'u.,  Or.  I'..W«.,  K..G«. 

Wliicli  arc  llic  principal  Islands  that  Ho  west  of  the  IGOth  meridian 
■)f  Longitude  wcHt  from  Greenwich,  and  louth  of  tlio  E<|uator7  Wn., 
Fy.,  Fc,  Hi.,  Til.,  Kt. 


;# 


i 


What  is  tho  most  nortlinrn  lahmd  of  Pctlynesia  ?     Mil. 
Whicli  uro  tho  most  Houthcrn  IhIcs  of  Polynesia?     Kc. 
Wliich  is  llio  most  eastern  Island  of  Polynesia?     Er. 
Which  are  tlio  most  wcHtorn  Islands  of  Polynesia?    8.-A% 


Tho  most  imitortnnt  proup  of  I.slands  ijciontjinjf  to  Polynesia  U  <m 
ihe  20tli  parallel  of  North  Latitude.     Wliicli  is  it  I     Sh. 

Which  is  tlio  principal  of  tho  Sandwich  I.slands  7     Hi,  or  Oe, 

What  high  Mountain  is  on  the  Island  of  Hawaii  and  its  height  7 
M..Rh. 

What  distinguished  personage  was  killed  hero  in  the  year  1779? 
CCk. 


Wliat  'rroi>io  nrosses  tho  northern  part  ofOceanica?    Cr 

What  Tropic  crosses  the  southern  part  7    Cn. 

What  great  Circle  crosses  tho  central  or  middle  part?     Ei; 

In  what  Zone  is  the  nortliern  part  of  Occanica  7    N.-Tc. 

In  what  Zone  is  the  middle  parts  7    Td. 

Ill  what  Zuno  is  the  southern  part  ?     S,.To, 

()<:canica  comprises  50  degrees  of  South  Latitude,  and  40  North 
Latitude. 
In  what  latitude  then  is  it  mostly  ?    Sh. 

OccanicB  onnpriscs  about  85  degrees  of  cast  and  73  of  west  Longi- 
tude truin  (jrcenwicli. 

la  wnai  Longitude  then  ii  it  mostly  7    Ri„ 


1. 

solid 
mile 
land 

2. 

all  sii 

long 

baUi] 

3. 

must 

1. 

land? 
ear.h 
3.  W 


T 


lator  pami  tliruugh  7  O. 
I  IhIuikU  oI'  l'i>)yncsia 
.,  Sli.,  Au. 
ian  of  Luiigitudo  wont 

'n.,  Ms. 

60th  mcriilian  of  Lor. 

10  E<|uator  ?    Sy.,  Gii. 

.  of  the  160th  meridian 
of  tlio  E<|uator  7    Ni., 


ia?     Mk. 
sia  ?     Kc, 

iuT     Er. 
nc.xia  1    S.-A% 


in^  to  PulyncHia  b  m 
it  /     .Sh. 

ula  7     Hi.  or  Oe, 

(awaii  and  iti  hcijfht7 

icro  in  the  year  17797 


eanica  7    Cr 

[lie  part  7     Et 
a<x.1    N.-Tu. 


latitude,  and  40  North 
and  73  of  west  Longi- 


DMCRIPTIVE   OEOORAPIir. 

PART    SECOND. 


7S 


DESCRIPTIVE   GEOGRAPHY. 


Figure  and  Population  of  the  Earth. 
50 

1.  The  Earth  is  a  vast  globe  or  spherical  l)0(ly  similar  to  a 
solid  ball.  Its  entiro  surface  is  about  200  millions  of  square 
miles,  of  which  ono.fourth  or  50  millions  of  square  miles  is 
land,  and  the  remaining  three-fourths  are  covered  with  water. 

2.  Ignorant  people  suppose  tlic  earth  to  be  a  flat  body,  boundrd  on 
all  BidcH  by  tlio  sea  and  sljy.  More  attfniivc  observers  were,  however 
long  ago  persuaded  that  it  is  a  globe  or  splicre,  similar  in  form  to  a 
ball  or  apple. 

3.  Various  circumstances  render  it  evident  that  the  earth 
must  be  a  body  round  in  every  direction ;  of  which  one  o/'the 

1.  What  is  the  earth  7    What  is  its  entire  surfiice  7    How  much  » 

carJ.  to  be7    Of  what  were  more  attentive  observers  persuaded  7 
3.  What  18  one  of  the  most  striking  proofs  that  the  earth  is  round  in 


76 


IIKHCRIPTIVC    UKOtiUAIMIY. 


mo«t  Htrikinj^  |>i(kiI'h  in  that  Hiriiishitl  hy  fin  rrlips^  of  tlif 
inuun,  wliirli  lakta  |tliiii'  in  consi  <|iiiiier'  nl'  iIk!  i-arlli  ('(lining 
txitvvircn  lh(<  HUM  ami  tli(<  rriHiii,  ami  cniisin^  thn  circular 
shadow  of  tin;  «'arth  to  lie  ihrcwii  on  thu  latttr  iHwIy. 

4.  If  tlio  carlti,  in»ir»il  DflM'iti;;  roumi  in  all  iliri'i  lioiw,  wnn  mcrtljr 
•  circaliir  Il.it  lioily  liki:  iIh^  Iii|i  r>l'  a  ruiiiKl  ialili'  IJjo  Hliiiilnw  llirown 
iVom  it  (in  Iho  imxnt  would  nt  nno  tiiiio  or  otiior  prrnrnt  tlio  appoanincii 
of  tn  ovitl,  (if  a  KtraiKlit  iinr,  or  miiiiu  dlliur  liguttj  tlilfi'ri'Dl  tioiii  Umt 
which  it  hua  nlwuyH  bvt'n  fuiiiid  to  unHuaiu. 

6.  Snilin}^  round  lh<!  world  is  linotlicr  pn)of  of  its  {ilnbular 
form.  I*  is  well  known  tiial  ni'.vi^'fitors,  by  leaving  any  8oa- 
port,  I'hiladtlpliia  lor  instunci",  and  KailiM;;  ns  nearly  rant  or 
west  I'roin  it  an  the  fonn  of  (lie  dillin  nt  continents  will  per- 
mit, may  j^o  round  llio  world  ami  ritiirn  to  tho  plucc  thoy  luft 
in  n  direction  opjwsito  to  that  I'luiii  which  thoy  started. 

G.  To  nail  roaiul  tlio  wnriil  in  culUd  ('ircuiiinnvi);ating  it,  and  wm 
flrat  ncconiplialicd  by  iMaKillaii,  u  l'iirtu|{iitHi:  iiaviiruliir,  uiuro  than 
thrco  hundred  ycarH  ugo.  It  wan  fir  a  ioii);  tiiiMs  niaaidcrcd  a  great 
undertaklii",  liul  it  liaa  licrn  oflalu  yciiri*  xu  olU'n  |H.'rlurnii'd,  that  it  iu 
nut  nuw  thought  to  Lc  ua  iiitvrpriau  v(  any  iiiiiiorliiuce. 


T 


.57- 


7.  When  n  ship  comes  from  son  towards  fho  Innd^,  wc  first 
got  eight  of  the  tops  of  the  masts  nnd  rigging ;  au  she  advan- 
ced nearor,  the  lower  parts  nro  soon;  and  at  last  tho  hull,  or 
body  of  the  vessel,  comes  distinctly  info  view.  If  tho  earth 
wcro  not  spherical,  the  hull  wc  dd  be  tho  first  part  seen. 

8.  A  pcrHiin  Hailiiijr  to  the  Houthorn  pnrtti  of  the  earth,  pcrceivei  that 
the  Hun  appearH  more  nnd  more  to  como  dircctlyovcr  him  at  noon,  which 
at  length  uctiiully  hapiieiiH;  and  after  ho  haa  paaacd  tho  L(]uat(ir,  thu 
aun  begina  to  appear  tu  lliu  northward,  and  will  go  further  and  tiirthur 
in  that  diroclion  aa  he  udviinceH  aoutli. 

D.  New  Btp-u  ivill  oli-o  eonic  into  view  in  the  aouthcrn  horizon,  whila 
ihoKC  in  tho  nurthcrn  purla  will  ;jfa(!uttlly  diaapjicttr.  'I'lieno  cireuiii. 
ataucci  could  not  poaaibly  happen  if  the  earth  were  a  flat  body,whercua 


every  direction?  4.  If  tho  earth  was  a  circular  flat  body,  what  appear- 
ance would  ita  aliadow  present  ?  H.  Whot  ia  another  proof  of  ita 
globular  form  7  How  must  navigators  nail  to  go  round  thu  world  7 
n.  What  ia  it  called  7  Who  waa  tho  firNt  that  did  it  7  What  waa  it 
for  a  long  time  considered  T  7.  What  do  wo  fifHt  get  sight  of  when  a 
ship  Comes  from  Bea7  V.'Lat  at  laat  comea  distinctly  into  view  7  8.  What 
will  a  person  sailing  to  tho  south  perceive  7  Atlrr  ho  has  passed  the 
Equator  what  will  begin  to  appear  7    9   What  will  come  into  view  7 


IIY. 

ly  !in  rrlips*!  of  tlif 
cil'  till!  rarlli  cdiniiig 
aiitinu!  lh»i  circular 
latttr  Ixwly. 
(Iiri'dioiid,  srjiH  nirrtiy 
ill'  llio  mIiuiIow  llirtiwii 
lirmoiit  the  apprariiniti 
uro  Uitfuri'Dl  tioiii  Umt 

prriof  of  its  <;liibular 
hy  leaving  any  sea- 

i;;  ns  nearly  font  or 
continents  will  jxir- 

fi)  tlio  \AucjD  they  Icrt 

I  tlioy  started. 

iinnvi);a(iiig  it,  and  wai 
:  iiiivitrutiir,  uiiiro  tlian 
iiiii3  coiiflidcrcd  a  great 
\vn  iHTluriuvd,  that  it  iu 
iporiuuce. 


rds  tho  lanf^  wc  first 
;uing ;  aii  she  advan- 
id  at  last  tho  hull,  or 
view.  If  tho  earth 
J  first  part  seen, 
the  earth,  pcrceivci  that 
over  him  at  noon,  which 

rauBcd  tho  Equator,  thu 
go  furtlior  and  tiirthcr 

Roiitlicrn  horizon,  whilo 
i|i[icar.  'I'hcHO  cireuni. 
raro  a  flat  body,whcrcu!i 

flat  body,  what  appear- 
ig  another  proof  of  iti 
o  go  round  thu  world  7 
t  did  it  ?  What  waa  it 
irnt  got  sight  of  when  a 
ctly  into  viow  7  8.  What 
Atlrr  ho  has  passed  the 
t  will  come  into  view  7 


oi:iiciiiiTivi:  ui:*)(iKAi'ii\. 


Hliip  coinlnf  f^oin  8«a, 


buble"  ■"''P"'"'''"  "'*' '' '»  •Pl'"ical,  tliey  all  apiKsar  simple  a  id  pro- 

10,  The  inhabitants  of  tho  earth  amount  to  about  ciirht 
huMUrcd  millions,  and  if  they  were  e.|iially  distributed,  ovory 
H(iiiarn  milo  of  land  would  contain  I  (J  human  lx'in-,'s. 

11.  On  an  avrnir.',  a  (T(  mralion  of  nun  in  HuppoHc.l  t.)  I'xiNt  about 
•M  yfiir«.  Soiiii!  indiVKiiiiilH  liv.)  nioru  than  twite,  and  a  v.ry  lew  tlireu 
iini..s  llmt  period:  but  tlie  cNlinjate  ix  that  HOO  inillionHof  liumaii  iKsinirs 
arc  Imrii  and  . lie  every  :i;)  yearn;  being  at  the  rate  of  aluioHt  a",  mil. 
IJoiiH  u  year,  bb.OOO  every  .lay,  i.>700  every  hour,  and  io  every  iiiinutc. 

V2.  'V]w  creation  of  tli..-  worUI,  according  to  tho  book  of 
GencsLs,  took  placo  near  «,(»()()  years  ago,  so  that  su|)nosin« 
tho  average  duration  of  lilb  lo  have  Ixjcn  always  tho  sami" 
about  175  generations  of  men  would  havo  existed  since  that 
time. 

1.1.  In  tho  oarly  ages  of  the  earth,  however,  tho  duration  of  life  was 
greater  tlian  at  present;  theremre,  it  is  pr..ba:  !o  that  ii  smaller  nuiub-r 
o»  generations  of  men  must  have  existed  Umn  occording  to  tiio  above 


What  could  not  possibly  happon?  in.  How  many  inhabitant,  arc  there 
^hJimT,  ,!  .^"Pir"  t'"-'y  «"0'«l'"»lly  d'Htributcd,  wliat  would  be 
inoontctf  11,  How  long  on  an  average  does  a  gcncru'ion  of  men  exist? 
Mow  many  arc  born  and  die  every  thirty-thrco  years?  How  tnanv  die 
every  year  7   Every  .lay  ?   Every  fiour  7  ^Every  minuto  ?   13.  IlowCg 

tee  iLT""'  .?  V."'^'V  .!/°^  '"""y  ^•'"''"''ion.  are  «upp,«,od  to 
have  lived  smco  th»t  Ume  7    13.  When  wo.  the  duration  of  Ulb  groat« 


Tl 


OCaCUIt'TlVK   UIC04iRAPllV. 


T 


ne. 

14,  Tim  wortil  cninpriM'H  fivo  gloat  divUionii,  viz :  Am<>rt- 
ca,  Kuroin',  Asia,  Atriin,  and  Oc4<aiiii'ai  iU>Hij  mv  lacii 
iubdiviiliil  into  vurious  l'",in|iiiiM,  Kiiigdoma,  ilipiililicn,  &ic, 

15.  Aiiiericii  in  *  great  roiiliiiiiit,  iiilinly  «( |mr»li!iJ  tVom  th«  other 
Mrt«  of  tliu  cartli.  It  it  otti'n  cnilcd  llto  New  Worlci,  mid  aUo  tiiv 
\Vf»'i  m  L'untincnt. 

It!.  Kiirii'Mj  iH  till'  timalli'Mt  ofllK  (Ivo  gruiid  diviniuii*,  yet  it  cunlaina 
tltit  iiiuKt  (uwirAil  iintjiiiu  lii  tliv  wurld. 

17,  Axiu  i»  llic  lar^4  i«l  diviHitm  ni'  tlio  (ilohr,  nnd  coiiiprin)*  more 
than  oiKi.lmir  of  tliu  hanturii  coiitiiii'iit.  It  in  tliu  iiioilpopuluuii<iutr. 
t«r  of  tilt  riarlli. 

18.  Aftka  ia  a  irroal  |H'n!nitiiln,  united  to  Asia  hy  the  iallimua  of 
Suoi,    It  in  tlic  leant  known  of  any  ul'llio  ((reat  diviniunN  of  thu  earth, 

I'J,  Oeeanieit  coiii.|)riHe!(  tliu  vaiioUR  i;r(i(i|m  of  IhIiuuIii  nituattid  in  the 
Pacillu  Ocean  between  tliu  tlaMleru  uiid  VVeittern  cuntiiiuiitii. 

2(1.  or  till'  iii>|Milali(iii  of  tli<!  I'urtli,  417  iiMlliiiti><  Ixlniijj  to. 
the  l''.ui\)|M'uii  or  ("mifii.siriii  ruco,  !.'•<()  inilliniiii  to  tliu  Asiatic 
or  Moii|iroliun  nice,  !)tl  iiiilliiiii!)  to  tlio  Alnriiii  or  Ni-gro  raw, 
'■iO  inillioim  to  tlio  Malay  race,  ami  111  inilliuas  to  tlio  Aiiiori- 
CUH  race. 


Aniurka   . . . . 

Eunipo   

Aula 

At>ic(i   

Ucouuica  . . . . 


H<|iiarpMilr> 

13,I)0U,U(IU 

3,50(1,(10(1 

1(;,000,0IIII 

li,0(l!VI(HI 

4,500,!t(IO 

50,000,000 


Pi)|iii1alinn. 


50,5(15,000 

u:w,7»-a,ti(io 

45(1,000,000 
57.000,000 
iiO,!l35,0()0 


Northern  Ocoan 


I'litifu: 
Atjiiiilic 
Indiiin 
Houlliurn 


do. 

<|r), 

cIj. 
do. 


hl7,t.>7l,000|| 


8i|iiiiro  MilM. 

6,oo(noo5 

77,000,000 
.14,000,000 
20,000.000 

i;j,o()o,ooo 


150,000,000 


thnn  nt  |irc»tent7  14.  Whtit  linrn  llio  wovlil  compriKC  f  Wliut  arc  they 
!."».  Wli.ii  iHAineriea?  l(i.  Whit  Ih  Miirnpe  /  17.  What  is  Aiiiii 
IH.  What  in  Africa?  1!>.  What  dws  Oeeanlea  cxnipri.su 7  20.  Of 
tlio  [Hjpiilation  of  tlio  euitii,  how  iiiniiy  Ik-Ioiij;  to  tlio  Kurupoan  racoT 
The  AHiiitic?  the  Alricaii?  The  Mnl-iy  ?  Tlio  Aiiieriean  ?  T«dl 
from  the  tahln  thn  numlie.-'  of  H(|imrn  i.aleH  and  jiopiilution  in  America. 
In  Kiiropc.  In  Asia.  In  Afrieii.  In  Occaniea.  Tell  tho  extent  in 
»)uaro  miles  of  tho  Norlhej-n  Ocean.  TJic  I'ucific.  The  Atla&tio. 
Th<3  Indian.    Tho  Southern. 


I 

tho 
font 
wuti 
2. 
the 
part 
placi 

n. 

richi 

of  gi 
Ua  pi 

4. 
lions 
Uini 
races 

5. 

An 
of  th 
4.  Wl 


ilV. 


iaioiM,  viz :  Am«ri< 
ittt  'ii'""  ait!  I'uch 
na,  lti'|iiililic!t,  Alc. 

larati'il  I'roiii  tho  iilh(>r 
■\  WorlJ,  uiiU  aUo  titv 

iviniima,  yet  it  conlairu 

>,  and  coiiiprlwi  mom 
liu  iiioit  populuu*  <iutr- 

m  hy  the  intliriiuii  of 
ilivimoiiN  i)(  thu  ciirth. 
IhIiiiuU  MituaUid  in  ihe 
1  cuiitiriuiilii, 

1  llilllil)IIS    Uli  ii;,;  fn 

liiHW  to  tho  Asiatii' 
ii'iiii  or  Ni'jrro  riu'o, 
llioas  to  tjio  Aiiiori. 


T 


rn  Oi'oun 
ilo. 

C       (Id, 
(I  J, 

rn    da 


8<|iiiira  MilM. 

6,(«)0,000 
77,000,(1(10 
31,0()<i,(IOO 
20,000.(100 

i;j,o()o,ooo 


150,000,000 


ritic  1  WImt  iiro  tlii'y 
17.  Wliiit  ia  AhIii 
n  cnmiirisu?  !20.  Of 
to  ilio  I'^urupoon  racoT 
'ii(!  Aiiioricari  ?  Tdl 
ii)|)ulution  in  America. 
a.  Till  tlio  extent  in 
icific.     'i'he  Atluitio. 


AMMIICA. 


AMFRTCA. 


7D 


■'S  MiM*'"^'-'^' 


I :  i"^> 


l.uiMliiij  ,,f  r.,i„i„iiii«, 
59 


t'iimii  ^  J 


I.  AMRBifA  is  nn  extnnsivo  coiiti.ii'nt,  comnrimnK  ono  of 

U'nth.i  ol  th«  dry  loi.d  on  iho  mirllico  of  tho  .-.irth,  and  „ 
wushfd  on  all  sides  by  vast  (K-eaiis. 

,K  ^\  ""•  i*"'.'!!'"'"  ''*  ''""""''•  ^''"•"•nt-'"*?  that  of  cvory  Zone; 
the  tornd.  tho  tom|K^rato  on  Ix.th  sid..,  of  tho  cq..„tor,  «„d 
part  of  the  fn^.r!.     It  ,s  ,aid  to  1.,  .v.ldor,  Ron«rnlly,  than  i 
places  in  tho  sumo  Intitudo  in  (.thcr  parts  o?  tho  world. 

Jt  '^'•'"..f  "'n'^"'  '■''  •li-'tinfr.iisj.cd  fi>r  tho  vnrioty  nn.l 
nchnrw  of  its  vegolablo  prod.icti,,,,..,  tho  niimivr  of  it/minr. 
01  go  d,  Hilyor  and  precious  Htonos,  and  forltho  fnidoin  of 
Ua  pohlical  institutions. 

4.  Tho  inhabitants  amount  to  afwiit  .W  and  a  half  mil. 
ions  of  whcm,  22  millions  are  whifs.  1()  millions  of  Indian, 
l^mdhous  of  aegro.5,  and  9  und  a  half  million,  of  tho  mixed 

5.  Tlie  white,  arc  chiefly  Engllish  in  thff  North,  and  Spaniard,  in 
Amerien.  Q.—l.  WImt  docs  America  contain  7    0    VVl...  ;.       j 

f  Wh  t'"":;""'     3-  for  whut  i.  thirconr„cnt'dl'  ,,jhj:il 

4.  What  ..  U.0  nmnbor  of  inhabilaatn  ?     ^  WImt  aro  the  \Vhito.  ! 


(#*• 


80 


rKac'RiPTivR  ocnnnArtiv 


Ikttoulh,  Hiih  ■fiinn  Fri'iiiili,  riiriuKiii'«-,  lirrinnii*,  l)iil>lt,  Ar.  Tli« 
n#f  f  etil  Aru  Aliiiunx  mul  llti  ir  >li>irrMiliiil>,  mIid  uiri<  iinnlinMil  m 
■lavm  In  IIm  ir  imllw  oiimtry  and  bruuKht  iiltht^r  f^mii  linit  bi  Uiii<s 

«,  Tlio  i|lvirt<rti(>t(  |i"|.«ilulii!ii  (•..•isl!!!*  «r  !«n  tllsiiiirl  rare*;  tli« 
K«nuliimiu*  iiili  ilitliiii;  ll<it  ulion  «  niul  lnUiiiln  of  tli«i  Arrtin  rrjlon*, 
•ntl  tlir  ><ii|i|irr-culiiur<'<l  liulliiiii  wliu  urn  tpn'iiil  ov"  r  tlia  rent  i»t'  Iho 
gonUnvnt. 

T.  Amrricn  in  cfilKd  tlin  VVr»t»f«rn  rtmtinrnt,  lnjenune  it  \'un 
WWlwiinl  itC  Kiin>|M',  (iihI  tli<'  N<\v  WtirM  I'l'iiii  ilK  n'ci'tit  diH- 
eovrry.     It  vvim  tiiildiovvii  to  l')nr>>|M'(in  nalioim  until  tlii<  vent 


14(iV!,  uIkii  it  wiiH  tliwiivcrtil  l»y  ('liri>«i'iji|icr  (oluinlnw,  a 
itntivu  oi'  (ii'iiuu,  ill  Italy,  niul  llio  iiujMt  NKillul  nuviiruior  ot' 
his  age. 


8. 
lime 


I.  Tho  (frrnt  olijoct  wliitli  ilicn  rnjiage^  the  nltentiixi  of  llip  man 
J  liiitiuiiH  of  Kuru|Hi,  w»H  t  iwmiiiKii  by  w<«  tii  llio  Kant  lnili<n. 

9.  Tlip  •plirrirnl  tl){ii,ti  of  llu'  riirlli,  witirli  "oliiiiiliim  iinilrri><<Nid, 
led  him  to  iM'litwc  llint  t)iii  t'lmti m  |inrtN  of  llm  world  iitr>  Uihcd  m>  Ikr 
lowfirdx  Kiirii|»',  thnt  tluv  ninflil  lie  ri'ttiln  il  in  ii  iiioiliriiUi  Npucu  of 
limn  liy  ■ailiiiK  winlwi.rd,  iiml  Im  |)rii|iiMt('d  lo  iiiidcrtaku  llio  voyngc. 

10.  Thii  projiH't,  howiivrr,  wit*  rr|{nrdrd  Rrncrnlly  «»  no  viHioimry, 
that  it  win  f>u\y  ndtt  iimiiy  yiurn  of  urdilit  miliiiliitiim,  tl>iit  Ktrdiimiid 
•ml  Ix^ildlln,  Kiiijf  niid  tiiUTii  of  8|min,  wcro  imiucod  t»  |iatroiiiio  tlm 
untl«rt«l(inj[. 

m 

11.  Ci)I(iml)iiii  WHS  fiiriiishcd  by  tlicso  snvcrfignu  with 
throe  Htiiall  vchsc'Ih,  niul  iiiiH-ty  nioii,  niul  left  I'alon,  it  port  on 
iho  80ulli  of  S|)uin,  Aut^iwt  ;i<i,  141)2.  On  llio  12tli  ofOctr). 
Ii«r  folli»wiii<;,  hfi  (liscovcnd  (iiiiiimliuni  InIuiiiI,  ono  of  th<j 
UaluiniiiH,  svhich  lio  niinml  Kl.  .Suivmlor. 

12.  Ho  viifilfid  at  that  time  lu-vrrnl  of  llir  adjnrrnt  Iidandi,  and  tr 
liirm'd  to  .Sjiain,  wlinre  ho  w^»  riroivi'd  willi  thu  ((routuat  honuuri.  Ilo 
iiiado  thrtti  other  micc'rHsftil  voyajrca  of  dincovcry,  Iml  wun,  nntwith 
Hiundiii);,  trciitod  with  jfroxH  mjuiiUco  l>y  thomi  who  wcru  cnvioui  of 
lh«  fyiiio  ho  had  aoqiiirvd. 

Tho  Notrr.K-a  7  (t.  Tho  Ahnriiriiml  pnpiilution  7  7.  What  Ir  Aine- 
rica  fro(|iuntIy  called  7  In  wliul  y<:ir  wun  it  diuoovcrrd  7  Who  dii. 
covered  il  ?  8.  WImt  (front  ohjti.l  ongn(fcd  tho  attention  of  the 
aatioiii  of  Eiiro|K]  at  that  jicriiMl  7  9.  What  iiloa  did  Columbus  con. 
wK't't  U».  Who  patrodiwd  him  7  11.  What  did  thoy  fiirni»h  him 
with  7  When  did  he  leave  8|>ain  7  When  did  lie  diacovor  Guuiiahani  7 
13.  What  dill  Itc  viait  at  Uiat  time  7     How  waa  ho  received  in  Spain  7 

*  EiiiUimauK,  Rs-ke-m^. 


r 


pri 
vel 

I 

in 

urn 

I 
An 
Hie 
III.' 
not 
wh 

th« 

(III! 

tlm 
It' 

1 

aiiti 
froi 

I'Oll 

'Iml 
l'!iir 
it  no 

li 

rito 
moil 

1 

t  wo 
iii; 
is  b 
I'dii 
(list 

Whi 
tho  I 
cii7 
wUn 
Ifi. 
diaci 
"ho  I 
t4inc 
Jm)  i 


fc 


r 


lY 

iii«,  Dulili,  Ar.  T)i« 
lit  \vi  r<'  |Miri  liimt  il  u( 
r  from  lim*  ki  ttiiic 
n  tlisUnrt  »»reai  llie 
ul'  tli'i  Arrtid  rvylnnii, 
III  ov>  r  tha  mat  of  th« 

)rnt,  Ujenuiw  it  \'un 
IVoiii  iiM  n'c<>nt  diH" 
tiiiim  until  tlio  yiiii 
tiilit'r  ( 'oliiitiiiiiN,  a 
iKillul  rmviguior  oi' 


nltentiim  of  the  mart 

I  I  lie  Uniti  liitlii  N, 

'oliiniliim  iiiiili'riit<H)d, 
viirld  Rln  tilirii  HI)  liir 

II  liiiHlcratu  apitcu  ul' 
iitirtaku  lliu  voyNKc. 
Tnlly  an  mi  vinimiary, 
iitlioti,  thiit  t'Vrilinntiii 
luccd  to  imtruiiiio  tlui 


(1  sovorcigtw  with 
'd  I'aloM,  II  port  on 
I  lliK  12tli  ofOcto- 
iNJunil,  uno  of  tha 

irrnt  Iitlnndi,  nnd  te 
Kruutual  b'uiuuri,  llo 
TV,  but  Wrta,  notwilli 
H'liu  wcru  cnviuui  of 


T  7.  What  is  Aine- 
9co«ori'«l  ?  Who  din. 
the  attention  of  the 
>'n  did  Coluinbu*  con. 
dill  thny  fiiriiinh  him 
diacovcr  Guunahani  1 
10  received  in  Spain  1 


AMERICA.  81 

IS.  Tlw  dlmovr-ry  orf.iliu/iliiM  i'«iitiMl  »  apirit  nf  murifimn  entrr. 
priw'  iiiikmrnii  liitd  inilill  »»  miy  Itinu  Iwllin.,  miil  dr>'W  iiiiiin  roiiD  ad. 
viiilunrt  iViitii  itll  piirla  of  t^irM|M', 

II.  Ill  U'J7,  John  r«i».(,  and  Ma  !■<,»  t^Mathm,  nillvca  of  Wnltf. 
in  «h«  wjfvl.u  of  ll.nry  Vll.  »f  Kiitflimd,  di.. ovrr, d  Non||  Aineriw, 
•nd  e«|dorBd  ilia  nMit  IVdiii  NuwUmiidl  uid  to  Flnruli, 

1.1.  In  ll'l!»,  Aimrlnu  VVxnii.iiu,  «  iiiHivf.if  KlHnnr.',  vi.lledHoalh 
Amrritiu  On  lil<  r.iiirii  t.i  l',iiro|K',  hn  piiMinli...!  ih..  liml  anminl  of 
iIh«  Ni-w  World,  of  wliUh  h<<  rliiiiiKil  llm  oriifiiinl  .li.eoviTy  mid 
lliorrhy  gnvi^  hi.  mim  to  tlm  \Vi  ,.l.rii  Cniitlmnl.  'ri,l«  li.m.vrf  dom 
m)t  h-Kurii  iliii  glory  whirh  t;rcnvii«  (hr  ilH.iiviry  of  ('mIumiIiiiii,  ami 
whiuh  will  duacciid  with  hi»  iiuinory  to  ll oot  diniunt  ni,. «. 

in.  It  wiw  nt  lint  MipiHwi.l  ihiit  Aimricii  wu«  n  [wirt  of 
ihfi  K.i^tiTn  CoiitiiKiii  J  ih..  (..iiiii.li  lii-st  (iis.-nv.  rci  ivcivrd 
lliiTi'lIiri)  til.!  iKuno  of  tho  \V.',.,t  Imlii,,  anil  Up-  inluiliitanlN 
ilmt  of  In'liims,  wliicji  wiw  allejrwurda  uMmdcil  to  tlu)  mtivcn 
4'  till)  wlinlo  country. 


r«.  Miic:h  rontrovpray  hna  takfln  phen  on  Ihn  nrlifin  of  thn  Inhabit. 

nit  of  IIki  .Viiw  Worhf :  thoy  wiro  found  in  viirioiin  Hl;i^r,i  of  aoci.'ly 

from  thn  low.  Kt  anvnifo  atutii  to  ihiit  of  a  hiilf.rivili».)d  iK-onlc.     Thn 


anta 


nii<.|ii.i„ii  iM,  iiiit  th.y  mniuMtid  iWiiii  lli.>  Kimtirii  Cotiliii.'rit,  and 
'Imt  lliry  r.iii  hnl  A.ii.'ri.'i,  Ihiiii  tlm  nniri'st  (loinlH  of  \ortli  Wr.t.-rii 
l.nro|M)  nnd  Nortli.lIaHi.rn  A»iii,  but  at  wimt  in  riod  ia  t'litir.lir  un- 
It  now  n.  ■ 

18,  Htivorul  ycara  clapacd  brforo  America  wna  known  to  Ik^  n  arna- 
nto  conimrnt;  nt  leii«tli  in  l.'.l.l  niill..i«,  «  .>;p,,Mi:,rd.  n-.r.ndod  tliu 
iiioiint.ima  In  llio  IhIIiiiiu'i  of  Dnricn,  nnd  nrnl  aiiw  the  I'aiitl,!  Ocean. 

ll>.  'I'll.!  Western  ('ontinent  is  (reiii-niily  (I.-sitiIh'iI  umk-r 
two  Kr.iii.l  ilivisions,  vi/,:  North  Ainericii/an.l  South  Ameri. 
I'll;  tliesi)  (III!  joinwl  together  hy  the  isthmus  of  Dnrieii.  Then- 
i.s  lj<;,siiii'.i  II  great  coiloctioe  of  i^damU  lyinj,'  l)"tw(H>n  tho  two 
i-ontinenti,  usually  called  tho  West  Indies  ;"bii  by  sonio  it  in 
ul.so  termed  tho  Columbian  Archipolagi). 


WImt  did  ho  aftnrwarda  do?  How  wa«  ho  treated  T  19.  What  did 
the  diyoverv  of  (^olunil.ua  excite  ?  14.  Who  di.eovcred  North  Amen 
Oil  I...  Who  puMiHlicd  tho  (irat  account  of  tho  New  World  r  Arte 
jvliom  waa  It  nnincd  I  Wlint  will  doaoend  to  the  nio-t  distant  aireal 
Ifi.  Wh:,t  wna  America  Hiipposed  tol>n?  Wimt  did  the  I,Und«  firal 
iiacovcred  reeeivo ?  Tho  inlml.il.oita  ?  17.  Wh.a  hi.a  Kik.n  p|,,co  on 
.ho  oriirin  ol  th  i  Inhubitaiita  /  Mow  were  tlioy  fi.und  I  Wiiiit  ia  tho 
tonclii  rui?  18.  Who  Hrat  aaw  the  Pacific  Ocean?  19.  What  aro 
Ml  divjiiun*  of  the  Woetem  continent  T 


c;»1 


1.  North  America  comprises  the  norlliorn  division  of  the 
Wesforn  Continent.  It  extends  from  the  Arctic  Ocean  to  the 
Isthmus  of  Uarien,  a  distance  of  4800  miles  in  length,  and 
from  3200  to  2600  in  breadth. 

2.  The  Rivers,  Lakes,  Plains,  and  Mountains,  of  this  con- 
tinent, are  all  on  a  grand  scale,  and  arc  among  the  most  re- 
markable in  the  world. 

3.  Tlic  Mississippi,  with  the  Missouri,  far  surpasses,  in  bngth  of 
loiirEe,  tlic  principal  rWcrs  of  tlio  eastern  continent ;  and  Lake  Suiwrior 
.s  the  largest  body  of  fresh  water  known.  It  forms,  with  the  great 
akcs  witii  whicli  it  is  conncetcd,  a  vast  interior  sea,  aflbrding  a  con- 
tinuous navigation  many  imndrcds  of  uiilcs  in  extent. 

4.  The  precious  and  useful  metals  and  minerals  exist  in 
North  America  in  great  abundance.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  and 
tin,  are  found  in  Mexico;  and  gold,  iron,  lead,  and  coal,  in  the 


North  America,  Q, — 1,  What  is  North  America?  What  is  its  bx. 
lent  ?  2.  What  are  on  a  grand  scale  1  3.  What  is  said  of  its  rivers 
ttia  lakes  7    4.  Wliat  metals,  dec,  exist  in  ^reat  abundance  7    WJiat 


w  wi-iws,  ;i^«>-ri?j,..:  — ' .-,.  ■.^„.-    -■■■ir-'p||||n|||         '      ' 


nrn  division  of  the 
rctic  Ocean  to  the 
cs  in  length,  and 

tains,  of  this  con- 
ong  the  most  re- 

[)asscs,  in  length  of 
;  and  Lake  Suiwrior 
irnis,  with  the  great 
SCI,  aflbrding  a  con- 
;ont. 

minerals  exist  in 
silver,  copper,  and 
(1,  and  coal,  in  the 

1 7  What  is  its  ex. 
is  said  of  its  rivers 
abundance  7    Wiiat 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


83 


United  Stnlcs—where  the  Ihnjo  latter  abound  in  such  qunnli. 
lios,  that  (rfris  cf  the  most  ucllve  industry  will  not  probably 
exhaust  fhcni, 

5.  Anion^'  itio  nnimaln  of  North  America,  there  uro  Hcvcral  fipcci»t 
not  found  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  The  grizzly  niid  hnrrcr.  ground 
hi'iirs  ore  pceiilinr  ;  nit.')  (lie  niaf.Ko  or  elk,  llio  wapili,  mi-l  the  caribon 
or  rein-deer.  Tlio  biilllilo,  iimsk-ox,  and  rocky  iiioMiitnin  Khecp  and 
goat,  all  differ  ironi  unimak  ol'  the  Munio  kind  ibund  ekewhcro. 


lincky  Jlouiiini!)  S1r'i|>, 


G.  Aanous  -pccics  of  birds  abound ;  of  the  rapacious  kind  there  are 

cugl-s  vultur;..,  hawkx  falcons,  .tc.     Tlic  bald-hoadod  eT'  lo  ,"  well 

k  own  as  being  the  chosen  omblcn  of  our  own  republic  "Tie  wild 

irla.y  IS  a  nutivo  of   his  continent,  and  w..  ii.trodLccd  into  Eu  opo 

ttlM)ul  30  years  after  the  discovery  of  America.  ^ 


Bull!  <^agle. 


rinn.-(te(i  Gnxise. 


7.  Tho  highly  esteemed  canvaa-back  duck,  the  diminutive  hum. 

abounds  in  the  United  States?  5.  Wliat  is  said  of  tho  animals  nf 
North  America?  «.  What  species  of  bird,  abound?  Wh"  is  sa"d 
of  iho  Wild  turkey,  &c.  7      7.  What  other   birds  are  memlon^l 


! 


■■•»gSsS«R> 


.11  - 


1? 


Hi4 


84 


DIJSCUIPTIVE    OfiOGUAPIlV. 


ming-bird,  llic  whip-poor-will,  llio  bliio  jay,  iind  the  iiinckmB-hinl,  ar« 
ull  confimd  to  Uiis  continent;  wjiilc  jfrousc,  plicimuntH,  itc,  (>t  dillcrcnl 
kinds,  arc  found  in  vnrioua  parts,  und  arc  highly  CBtccnicd  lor  lood. 


T 


Alligator. 


Rattlo-Bnake. 


8.  Tho  aliictttor  cxiBts  only  in  the  southern  section  of  the  continent, 
being  seldom  seen  nortli  of  Iioiiisiiina  and  the  Carolinas.  Tlic  ratt  r- 
snako  is  peculiar  to  iho  New  World  ;  it  is  forinidaljle  for  tlic  deadly 
venom  of  its  bite,  and  comprises  five  or  six  diflcrent  varieties. 

S>.  The  liidiani-  and  Esquimaux  constitute  the  original  inhabitants 
of  the  country.  Tn..  IndiauH  are  usually  Uill,  straifflit,  and  erect  in 
tbrm,  of  a  dark  coiiper-eolour,  willi  lii^rh  cheek-bones  and  lonjj  coarso 
black  liair;  while  the  Ksiiuimaux  are  short  and  stout  in  person,  and 
of  a  dirty  reddish  yclliAV  coiiiiilexion.  The  l.'.ttcr  are  lively  bikI  cheer- 
ful  in  disposition,  and  appear  to  bo  more  social  and  domestic  in  tiieir 
habits  tlian  savagi  s  usually  are. 

10.  Noi  til  America  is  politieally  divided  into  the  Republics  of  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  and  (iuutimala:  these  occupy  the  continent 
south  and  west  of  the  great  lakes,  while  tiie  northern  parta  comprise 
the  coloni  il  tcrrilorica  of  Great  Britain  and  Russia. 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  QUESTIONS. 

In  bounding  any  country  or  btate,  let  the  learner  tell  what  is  on  the 
north,  what  on  tho  south,  on  tho  cast,  and  on  tlic  west. 

To  tho  first  question  on  the  following  page— How  is  Russian  Ami- 
rica  bounded  ?  the  answer  will  be,  on  tho  north  by  tho  Polar  Sea,  south 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  cast  by  British  America,  and  west  by  Bhering's 
Strait. 

In  telling  of  Gulfs,  Bays,  or  Sounds,  say  what  countries  they  are  in, 
or  arc  surrounded  by,  and  what  Oceans  they  arc  connected  with,  thus : 
Baffin's  Bay  is  bounded  cast  by  Greenland,  west  by  Prince  William's 
Land,  and  leads  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

8.  Of  the  alligator?    9.  Who  comprisa  tho  original  inhabitanU  of 
tho  country  ?    What  is  said  of  the  Indians  ?    Of  the  Esquimuus 
10.  How  is  Nortli  America  politically  divided? 


^  '•**-!^T.*'VsK?ss«r*jS!S»s?a4«ffli 


'^'sT-.c^mmmmm^-- 


c  mncking-hird,  an 
iitH,  (tc,  "fdiflercnl 
Btccincii  lor  Ibod. 


T 


IIO'Bnake. 

ion  of  the  continent, 
rolinuB.  Tlic  ratlk'- 
idabio  for  tlic  deadly 
int  varicticH, 
original  inhabitants 
niiffht,  and  erect  in 
incs  and  loii^  coar^'o 
Htoiil  in  piTHon,  utid 
are  lively  and  cheer, 
nd  dunietitiu  in  their 

ho  Rcpiiblicf)  of  the 
fciipy  this  continent 
thcrn  partA  conipribe 
ia. 


ISTIONS. 

cr  tell  what  is  on  the 

west, 

ow  is  Russian  Ainc 

r  the  Polar  Sen,  south 

id  west  by  Bhcring's 

:ountrics  thoy  are  in, 
:onnccted  with,  thus : 
by  Prince  William's 

ginal  inhabitants  of 
Df  the  Esquimavu 


-.SUStWIIIIS!!'' 


NOOTII    AMERICA. 


8r. 


Tell  what  countries,  or  diviMion»,  St,HiiH  ..parato,  anij  what  Oceans, 
ilays,  &c.  they  connect:  thun,  llh,Tin«V  Strait  Hcpuralex  Ainorica 
lr,..ii  Asm,  and  connecl,  the  I'.wirio  un.l  tho  A.eti.!  ( )eeanH. 

Tell  where  Ukvn  are  Hiliial.,d,  and  will,  what  Uivers  thev  are  con. 

l.anada  an.l  the  United  Staler,  and  ||„w  into  tl.o  St.  I,awronee  Uivur. 
Tell  where  I'ei.inNnlas  are  Hit„atrd,  to  what  muntrieH  they  lM•lon.^ 

pit  ol  l)nt>.,li  Aiuerie,,  ,  ,t  h,H  the  II, v  of  Fondy  and  the  (J,.  v,f  S(. 
f.mTeneeon,|,,,,i.,r.li,and  Ihr  All.ntie  Oee.n  on  the  s.m.iIi.  ' 'IVIf 
V  ,  re  inland,  are  .ihialed.  ,n,d  ,|„  i,  .lireeli,,,,  fr..„.  iho  n..arest  Conti. 
1'  i.torotMr  I-daiMlMj  tiniH.Cul,:!  Ih  i,i  tl„  West  JndieH-  it  is  bouU. 
.^  tl.o  United  States,  .,a,,t  „,•  .M,  .xieo,  and  .,ortl.  of  j"mai,; 

Tell  where  M.,ni,i;,ins  are  Hiliiaied,  |„  ,,  theve.vien.l,  what  cuntrie. 

ey  separa  e.and  w:.,a  ,|„.i,  1,  „,„),  ),.  ,|,„..  ,he  |(,„.k;  Ml  .aroTnZ 

■c«l<.rn  part  ot  North  Aroer.ea  ;  they  ,..vle„d  thronirh  Kus.ian  Am"  ic^ 

ritjHh  A.M.T.ea,  tho  United  .Sl,.t,.M,  a.,.1  .Mexico,  they  Hopa      e       pa?.' 

the  U,u-ed  states  and  JJriti.h  A.neriea.  and  are  .l.OOU^nile.  in  length! 

iell  where  Rivers  rise,  in  what  direction  they  (low,  and  where  thov 

mnpy  :  thus  the  MiHsiHHip,,i  rises  west  of  Lake  Superior,  How   Houtiu 

ward   hromrh  tho  Unite,  States,  and  en.,.lieH  into  t lo  iiuk  of  Meiko. 

Iell  also  the  branches  whi,h  fonn  the  main  stream  of  various  r    cri'n 

USE  OF  TIIK  fiCULES. 

By  means  of  tho  Scales  .  f  AlilcM,  which  are  attached  to  nearly  all  tho 

jctts,  UuKs,  &c,  Ihiis,  i„r  exa.npio,  take  with  a  pair  of  conipa,.sc8  o^ 
liic  edge  of  a  slip  of  paper,  the  I.Mirfth  of  thoScalo  of  Miles  of  MapVo 
J,  and  measure  with  it  from  Smith's  Sound  to  the  southern  cxteCtv 
of  North  America,  it  will  bo  found  fo  extend  nearly Tvo  UmcsZ 
MofHih"  7f''n'  "'!""' 4.800  miles.  On  north  Iatftur4f  degreo^ 
3  0rtoril  ''^"■°f^°"i|"«"t  i«  S.GOOmi'o,,  on  latitude  .52  de^re^ 
3.000  m  e»  and  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Porto  Rico  1,800.  Those  ever 
cise.  will  ffivo  variety  to  the  studies,  and  impror,  n'n  f  e  n-  nd  of  l^^.J 
pup.  the  length  ana  breojlth  of  countries  ani  ihelr  distaPccTftoni  eack 

ther,  &C.,  m  a  nioro  decided  manner  tiian  by  any  other  method! 
..„n^  •"«'y'"K  the  Explanation  on  tho  Maps,  the  Wrncr  will  under 
stand  how  the  Capital,  of  countries,  tho  population  of  the  c  iics  alia 
towns,  and  Uio  lengUis  of  tho  rivers,  are  rcpJoscntod. 

62 

.   .%  f?'  ^/T^.^TJ*  ?,""'''''"  America  bounded  7    British  Americ. 
^od'     Capital?     Uaitcd  States  bounded?     Capital  ?     Woifw 
e'd^'cljita??'"'^'^    G.atimala  bounded?    Capitan'"SaLete 
IIow  ia  North  America  bounded? 


:i 


(I'^l. 


36 


DESCHirTIVE   OEOCnAPIIY. 


Whoro  m  Coronntion  Gulf  T  O.  of  Boothia  7  G.  of  St.  lawronco  ? 
WolcomoG.?  G.ofGcorgii?  (i.  of Culili>riiia?  0.  of  Moxico?  G 
•)f  Tohuantepcc  ?     Wliat  i»  u  Gulf  or  Uny  7    a4,  pngc  10. 

Where  is  Bristol  nay  7  MclvilIoB.7  Ifiidnon'H  B.  7  Musquito  B. ' 
Ungava  B.  7  JaincH'  B.  7  San  Francisco  B.  7  B,  of  Fuiidy  /  Dtda- 
waroB.  ?  Chesapeake  B.  7  Tampa  B.  7  (JaivcBtou  B.  7  B.  of  Cam 
pocho7     B.  of  IIonduraH  ?     B.  of  (iuatiiiiula7* 

Whore  ia  Norton's  Round  7      Prince  WilliamV  S.  7      Smith's  f.7 
Lancaster  S.  7     Davy's  8,7     Queen  Charlottu's  S.  7     AlLeiiiarli;  S.  f 
What  is  a  Sound  7     S(i,  page  10. 

Where  is  Bhering'st  Strait  7  Davis' S.  7  Ciunbcrlnnd  8.  ?  Fro 
bishcr's  a  7  Iludsoii's  S.  ?  S.  of  Beliisiu  ?t  Gut  or  S.  of  Canso7 
S.  of  Juan  de  Fuca?  How  wide  is  Bheriiijr's  S.7  Where  is  Pr.  Bo 
gent's  Inlet  7  .  What  is  a  Strait  7     25,  page  10. 


Where  is  Great  ne^r  Lake  7  Great  Slave  I,.  7  Athabasca  Ii.7 
Winnipeg  L,  7  L.  Superior  7  L.  Huron  ?  L.  Miehij,'an?  L.Erie? 
I..  Oiiliiriii?  li.  Chapiila '^  Great  Salt  I/.iko  /  L.  Niianigua ?||  What 
are  tlin  lenijths  of  tiie  first  tour  and  of  t!iu  last  Lake 7 

What  ia  a  Lake  7    i!l},  page  10. 


Where  is  the  Peninsula  of  Alaska  7     Melville?    (ircenland?     Nova 
Scolia7     Florida?     Yucatan?    California?.    Boothia  Felix  7 
What  is  a  Peninsula  7     54,  page  14. 


Where  is  Cape  Prince  of  Wales  7  C.  Bathurst  7  C.  Brew.stcr  7  C. 
Farewell?  C.  St.  Lewis?  C.  Race?  C.  Sable?  N.  S.  C.  Cod? 
C.  Hattcros?  C.  Sable?  Fa.  C.  St.  Antonio 7'  C.  Gracias  Ji  Dio» 7 
C.Mendocino?  Moro  Hcrmoso?  C.St.  Lucas?  C.  Gorda?  Point 
Uc  Witt  Clinton  7  P.  Becchy  7  P.  Barrow  7  Caixis  arc  frequently 
called  Points. 

What  is  a  Capo  or  Point  7    57,  page  14. 


Where  is  Nunnivack  Island  7  Kodiak  1. 7  Stitclia  1. 7  Washing- 
ton  or  Queen  Charlotte  s  1. 7  Quadra  and  Vancouver's  I.  7  North 
Georgian  Islands  ?  Southampton  L  7  Disco  I.  7  Newfoundland  I.* 
\nticosti  1. 7  Prince  Edward's  1. 7  Capo  Breton  1. 7  Bermudas  Isl- 
ands 7  Bahama  Islands 7  The  West  Indies  7  Cuba?  Ilayti?  Ja- 
maica 7  Porto  Rico  7  Tlio  lost  four  are  called  the  Great  Antilles, 
Where  arc  the  Caribbce  Islands  7  Where  is  Cura^oa  7  Margarita  7 
Butn  Ayre  7  Oruba  7  Tortuga  7  Orehilla  7  The  last  six  arc  called 
the  Little  Antilles. 

What  are  liilands  7    56,  page  14. 


*Guatimala,  Gwa-te-mah'-la.    fBhtring't,  Bc-rings'.    t  BelliBle,  Bel 
ile.    §  C'liipala,  Slia'.pa.lii.        0  Nicaragua,  Nicar-aw'-gua 


■•■^■mm,in-!s>v«'ifiss).!iirie-,'t:-smr-'f'fmmiiiisii 


S.  of  St.  I.awronce  ? 
(jr.  of  Mexico  ?    O 
piigc  10, 

i  B.  ?  M'isquito  n. ' 
},  of  Fuiidy  /  Dcia, 
Ion  U.  ?     li.  of  Cam 


H  S.T      Smith's  f.T 
S.?     Albeiiiarlc;  S.f 


mlicrliind  8.  ?     Fro 

iut  or  S.  of  CarisoT 

VVIicro  is  Pr.  Ho 


..  7  Atliabasca  L,  7 
[iclii},'iiii !  Ii.  Eric  ? 
,  NiiNiniguu  ?||  What 


(Greenland  7     Nova 
jlliiii  Felix  7 


7  C.  Brcwittcr  7  C. 
Ie7  N.  S.  C.  Cod  7 
C.  Uracias  i,  Dios7 
r  C.  Gorda  7  Point 
Dajxis  arc  frequently 


itcha  1. 7  Washing, 
nrouvcr's  I.  7  North 
'  Newfoundland  l.i 
n  1. 7  Bermudas  IhI- 
Cuba?  IIayti7  Ja- 
1  the  Great  Antilles, 
iracjoa  7  Margarita  7 
I'hc  last  six  ore  called 


inga'.    t  BellUle,  Bel 
r-aw'-gua 


RUSSIAN    A.MUHICA. 


87 


■<i3 


,  ^?P,^\vl  -^'T  ""  "'"  ^^""^y  '>l"un«aini.?  and  what  is  thcit 
(••nif .  1 7  Where  ih  th,;  Sierra  Nevada  or  Snowy  Uango  7  Alleifhani 
,  tH.  ;  and  tlurr  len,,!).  /  NVIht.,  are  the  Anftic  Hi^hland^  7*^  Tim 
.Uox.cvanCord.lenu/  Where  in  .Mount  St.  EHuh  7  iMJl  JJrown  7  Mt. 
looker?     1,1    tho  heights  of  11,^  three  Inst  MountuiuH,     Whcm  ii 

V     '.  '  '"  ^^'i'"  V'.IcanoV    Cosignina?    Tho  thrco  last  a« 

Jolcanos,    Wliut  is  a  Volcano  !    m,  page  15. 

sH^U  I"  ^."f  "•"*'"'•  «'T^~<^n'  Fi"''  R.?      Cliurehill  R.  7 
-NdHon  K.  /     b  .  lawreneo  K,  /     Frazer's  R.  7    (Jolumbia  R.  7     Saer.u 
uentoJJ?    Colorado  R  7    Rio  Grande  del  Norte  7    Brazos  R.  7    Alis 
«  ssipp,  R.  7    Give  the  lenglhs  of  all  theno  rivers,  and  the  parts  of  the 
Ocean  into  which  they  flow.  _\Vhat  is  a  River  7    34,  pagi  11. 

irnTirlrT*"?  ''°  ^Jl"  ."?""'■•',  '^''^r^'^l  "JonR  thfi  cast  roast  of  tho 
Cnitcd  States  Irom  Honda  to  the  Grand  Bank  of  Newfoundland  7  Gf 
Sin.  1  his  IS  a  remarkable  cut  rent  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  wliieh  run* 
vhcro  it  IS  narrowest  at  the  rate  of  5  miles  an  hour,  lessening  in  ra. 
p.d.ty  as  It  flows  north.     The  water  is  warmer  in  the  Gulf  Stream  than 

that  sailors  know  when  Uioy  come  within  its  limits. 

How  many  miles  is  it  (rom  Labrador  to  Russia  7  To  Denmark  7 
From  Q>iadra  and  Vancouver's  Island  to  Mongolia  7  From  Califc  -nia 
^Corea7  To  riubot?  To  IIindoostaa7  km  thVUnitcd  Stat^S 
^nf.T\  ^';°'V'"'^'""''''"'°  Madeira?  From  tlm  United 
States  to  Egypt  7     From  Gnatimala  to  Ilindoostan  ? 

Which  arc  the  seven  largest  Cities  in  North  Ameri':a7  The  liopu- 
II    'm  "  ""**  "P^""""'    ^"•>  N.-Yk.,  Pa.,  Bo.,  N..Os., 

^A-'i^T  Cities  contain  frorn  40,0  «0  to  GC,000  inhabitants  each  7 
MU  Ci.,  S..L..Pi.,  Ga,,  Oa.,  Go.,  Qo.,  L,.Pa,,  N,.Ga,,  P,.Po. 

There  a..->  eighteen  Cities  that  contain  from  20,000  to  38,000  inhabit 
ants  each  J  whieh  aro  they  7    Qc.,  S,  Js.,  Pc.,  LI.,  Ay..  Wn.,  Rd.,  Le., 

262  ^a'c^V       '       '       '  ^•■•'*'"  '''''••  ^••■''•'  ^''-    ^''^'^  ''  "  <^''y  ^ 


■6i 


RUSSIAN  AMERir  i. 

1.  Russian!  Amehica  comprises  that  part  of  the  Coati- 

tient  lying  nearest  to  Asia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Bhe- 

rings  Strait,  and  from  British  America  by  the  141st  degree 

of  west  longitude.  "^b«co 


RusBian  Amtriea.  Q._l.  What  d<»i.  Russian  America  comprise  f 
W hat  separates  Russian  Aincrica  Jrom^AsiaT^  wgg^i^^^^^^^ 

•  I'opocatapttl,  Po-p«.cat.a.pect'.il  t  Runia^i:^^^i;::r 


lit 


I    1 


!      ■ 

'J  " 
'■i 


m 


DESCRIPTIVE   GEOOnAHIIY. 


It  is  h  cold,  drnary,  nnd  ulmo',t  unknown  region,  inhabited 
chiefly  by  hulians  und  Esquinmux. 

9.  The  Rus.iinii!)  liavc  cstnMislifd  a  luimbffr  of  trinling  ftctor!*" 
along  the  count,  the  principiil  of  which  ia  New  Archangel.  Here  tlioy 
barter  fire-arms,  bvadi,  tubiccu,  and  other  trticlci,  fur  tlio  furs  ul> 
tftincd  by  tho  nativoa  in  huntinjj;. 


Bublerraiieoua  Maniion  of  the  Aleutian  Ulaiidcra. 

3.  Tho  Aleutian*  or  Fox  lalandn  extend  to  4  prcat  distance  woat. 
*ard  from  tlio  FeninHula  of  Aluskii ;  they  are  inhabitnl  by  a  raec  of 
aavagCB  who  hvo  in  houses  under  ground,  wliich  contiiiu  earh  from  50 
M  150  inhaltitantB,  and  are  divided  into  nuinerous  npurtincntu,  which, 
though  dark  and  dirty,  protect  tiicir  inniatoactlectually  from  the  woatJior. 

Map  No.  4. — Whnt  Sea  bounds  Russian  America  on  the  north?  Pr.— 
What  Ocean  on  the  south  7  Pc— What  country  on  the  east  7  B.-Ao.— 
What  is  the  n;ost  northern  point  ?  Dw.— Tlic  most  western  Cnpa  7 
P-Ws.— Wliat  Peninsula  in  tho  soutli  7  Aa.— What  two  Mountains 
in  tho  south-east?  a.Es.,  Fr.--On  what  Island  is  New  Archanfrel 
tituatcd  7    8a. 


■66  — 


GREENLAND. 

1.  Greexland  is  one  of  the  most  desolate  und  barren  re- 
gions on  the  face  of  the  earth.  An  almost  perpetual  winter 
prevails,  interrupted  only  by  a  short  summer  of  a  few  weeks' 

British  America  7  Dy  whom  is  it  chiefly  inJiabitcd  7  9.  What  hare 
the  Ruiwions  established  along  tho  coast  7  How  Ao  thoy  trade  with 
the  naUves  7  3,  What  Islands  extend  westward  irom  Alari(a  7  By 
whom  are  they  inhabited  ?  How  do  they  live  7  What  do  they  >-ai». 
lain  7    How  ore  they  divided  7 

Gt^tulartd.  Q..~l.  What  is  Greenland?     To  what  power  A<x»  i» 
*  Aleutian.  Al-u'-shan. 


^■m-S!SS- 


IV. 

n  region,  inhabited 

r  of  triitling  ftctoHcp 
Irchimifol,  Here  tlioy 
clcii,  fur  tlio  I'urR  ub 


■  great  ditstanec  wort. 
rilial)itc<l  (ly  a  race  of 
cnntiiiii  each  from  50 
18  npartmenls,  which, 
lally  from  the  wcatlior. 

;a  on  the  north?  Pr.— 
m  the  cast  7  B.-Ao. — 
most  western  Caixj  ? 
tVhat  twa  Mr.uxitoins 
iii  is  New  Archangel 


late  ond  barren  re- 
st perpetual  winter 
ler  of  a  few  weeks' 

itcd  7    9.  What  haw 

)W  do  thoy  trade  with 

d  tirom  Alaska  7    By 

What  do  they  .-ai*. 

I  what  power  does  ii 


OREBNLAND,    AND   aRITl!*!!    AMEKICA. 


80 


rfurntion.  flio  wlioln  rejourn  is  t-laiinrd  l.y  f).-ntnnrk,  wliich 
iins  lomH'd  sonm  Ninali  sctil.m,.|ii.s  nloii;,'  ili,.  wrsl-ni  coast 

2.  Sov.-ral  of  tlicHO  are  uIh„  Moravian  mi-Hi,„mry  stali.ms,  when-  tho 
inliabitantH  have  been  in  «„me  .iioumire  convorlid  from  Ui.ir  i/rnorniue 
dnd  HU|K.rsmim.,and  |mrtly  enlitrh,,,,,,!  Uy  the  d.„-trineHofChriH!iar.ity. 

J.  In  tho  Northern  n.-.rt  ol  tJree.ila.id,  Cuj.taiu  K,,.,  diNc.vcr.d  a 
hl'i"^!"'  7  '.''"  "^'"'■'^  'l'" ,^'^1-=  Migl.lundH.  The  i.ihabilani..  who 
had  never  botoro  seen  an  Kuru|H..an,  were  nriivA  with  tho  ntinoM 
«Hton««h.nont,  c8,H.o.a  ly  at  the  shipn,  which  they  at  (ir«t  imagined  U, 
1)0  hiijrc  birds  with  wing».  s    «"  "» 

t.  The  elitTs  on  tlie  coastprenent  tho  remarkable  phennincnon  of  ed 

amn?    .'."  ".""  "."■'^  "l>''"  "**  *'"'^''  '"*"  "^'•■'"^'J  •""'••''  coiitroverHv 
sinoijjj  lilt  Jcariicd  in  Europe. 

J»/«/)  JVo.  4.-What  Bay  bounds  Greenland  on  tho  west?  Bh. - 
What  Oeean  on  the  ea»<l !  Ac.  -What  in  itn  goutlu-rn  Cam,.  7  F|.  _ 
What  missionary  Htati.ms  on  t).o  west  coast  7  ilfr.,  Su.,  k..llt.,  Lh 
TbLu. -What  and  on  the  ea.t  coa.t  7  S..  _  l)oe.  the  hirifent  ,.; 
vnalicHt  part  o.  Greet.land  lie  nortli  of  tJic  Arctic  circle  7  Lt.  -Wliat 
Zone  Ukji  t»  it  in  J  N.-Fd. 

CO • 

BRITISH  A.MKRICA. 
1.  Bittrmi  Amkhica  comprises  the  whole  of  tho  American 
con  inent  lymg  north  of  the  United  States,  with  the  exception 
ot  the  extreme  north-western  porti.jn,  which  is  claimed  by 
Kussin.  It  j8  ,1  R.gioa  of  vast  extent,  U;ing  equal  in  area  to 
the  whole  ol  the  former  coun!ry. 

2.  Its  divisions  ate  New  Britain,  New  Calwloniu,  Canada, 
NewHrunswK-k,  I'nnee  Edward's  lsh.„d,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
oape  Breton,  together  with  the   Island  of   Newfoundland 
About  one-tenth  part  only  of  these  territories  i.s  as  yet  settled 
'jy  a  civilized  po|>ulution. 

3,  The  climate  of  British  America  ,s  very  severe,  mrch 
exceeding  what  iH  iHt  under  the  same  latitude  in  tho  Old  Con- 
tinent  bven  (he  sowihe  n  sections  are  covered  with  ice  and 
snow  tb,'  five  or  s,x  iT.^.'h,  iv  <h^  ye„r;  and  in  the  northern 
^  rVH    I  ,   «o>"»"-y  the  mnitc  is  almost  perpetual. 

4.  1  ho  Jakes  which  form  i_P2;rt'<mof  the  Iwundary  lino  between 

3^w£l  ,IW  jy^^f  .«'l''«'''"/l  oftl'«  settlements?  Of  tho  inhabitantaT 
r,:Zl,i„  M  P'""  ^^"l  '^,.c,>yetl  What  did  tho  natives  imagine 
^oaS  pZenS       '"  "'  """"■  ""''""  ^    *■  ^^''"^  '''>  '''«  '^"«'«  ^X 

I  WW  .i"'T.r;>^-~'-,^!l'^J'*''  »"^'«''  An»erica  comprise' 
I  What  ar«  ito  divisions  7     S.  Of  the  ehin^4e7     4.   The  lakes' 


pi  iriwi>,n  niii  iim-m. 


■n»H|>mnniri.4BMhJii 


ii 


\'4 
'4 


IK) 


DKMtllirTIVB    Oi;«Kl«AI'llV. 


Ihik  territory  iind  Ihs  Uriitid  Hlatcn,  arc  on  a  frruli-r  ncnlc  llinii  in  an) 
ulhcr  pnrt  of  ihii  world.  TlieBO  form  ii  viiitt  iiiliind  m-a  of  frv-uli  water, 
wliich  in  imvi)T(il)lo  t()r  vc«koI«  of  tho  lar(r<'»t  liiirtliui,  and  in  l/Bver»cd 
by  a  nuiiilM,r  uf  ■tcaiii-fwatu,  (iiiipd,  &c.,  in  almost  evury  direction. 


The  While  or  Orcat  I'nlar  llcar.  Mimk  0«. 

5.  The  Wliito  Rinr,  MiihU  O.x.Ciiribou  or  Amorionii  Rcin-Dirr,  and 
other  aiiiiiiulM,  nliound  in  nil  tliti  iiortlicni  parl^^  of  lliis  region,  nnil 
Hitpply  tlic  iiiliuliitunls  with  tho  cliicf  pnrt  of  their  clothinsf  und  fix.d, 
iM'HideH  lliriii«liiii({  tlio'itlti.Mi  wliieh  ore  l)artere(l  willi  llio  trmlers  of  tliii 
lliulHon'H  Uiiy  (*mpnny  lijr  tiio  various  iriiinufaetured  iirliclcN  wliich 
have  become  OHHcntiiil  to  tho  co.nfort  and  evenexinteneo  of  the  InditinH. 

6.  Each  province  of  Britinh  America  has  a  governor  and  council, 
appointed  by  tho  Sovereign  of  (Jreat  Britain,*  nnd  a  houHCof  ConunonH 
or  Rcpre»cntatives  chosen  by  the  [Mjople.  Tho  whole  territory,  however, 
ii  under  the  control  of  a  Governor  General,  who  resides  at  Montreal. 

7.  Canada  was  originally  settled  by  tiio  French,  but  fell  into  the 
hands  of  tho  English  in  consequence  of  the  victory  gained  near  Que 
bee,  in  17.59,  by  General  VVolfb. 

8.  Since  tliat  period  the  trade  and  population  of  these  provinces  have 
ffreatly  increased,  and  they  have  likewise  enjoyed  a  considerable  degree 
of  prosiKirity.  Canada  was  for  fifty  years  divided  into  two  provinces, 
but  in  the  year  1841  it  was  united  into  one. 

Afap  iVo.  4.— What  bounds  British  America  on  tns  North  7    P.-Sa. 

—  On  the  West  7  R..Aa.  —  South  7  U.-Ss.— Ea8t7  A.-On.— What 
separates  it  from  Greenland  7  B.-By.  —  In  what  continent  is  British 
America  7   Wn.  —What  circle  extends  through  tho  north  part  7     Ac. 

—  In  what  Zone  is  that  part  of  it  which  lie*  north  of  tho  Arctic  cir- 
cle7  N..Fd.  —  In  what  Zone  is  the  southern  part  7  N.-Te.— In  what 
latitude  is  British  America  7  N.-Le.  —  In  what  longitude  from  Grociv 
wich7   W.-Lc.  

What  do  they  form  7  5.  What  animals  abound  7  6.  What  is  aail 
of  tho  provinces  of  British  America  7  7.  By  wliat  people  was  Canada 
first  settled  7    8.  What  has  taken  place  since  7    What  has  been  enjoy 

edT _— _ 

•  Britain,  Brit' '«. 


r 


na 


cr  Rcnic  ilinn  in  an> 
I  ncrt  of  fr.iili  wntcr, 
111,  aiitl  id  l.'iivcrkod 
cvury  direction. 


Iimk  Oi. 

riciui  Ri'iii-Dcrr,  and 
i)f  this  rijfiiiri,  nnd 
r  clolliinjf  und  (ixid, 
illi  tiio  triiilcrs  ol'tlio 
tared  iirlicIcN  wliicli 
(ti'iico  of  the  IiiditinH. 
ovcrnor  und  council, 
a  liaiiHC  of  f 'OniiiionH 
ilo  torritory,  liowovcr, 
resides  at  ^lontrcal. 
inli,  but  fell  into  tlie 
ry  gained  near  Que- 

rthcgo  provinces  have 
a  considciablu  dcgreo 
1  into  two  provincca, 

I  tne  North  ?  P.-Sa. 
ast?  A..On.— What 
continent  is  British 
he  north  part?  Ac, 
rth  of  the  Arctic  cir- 
t?  N.-Tc.— In  what 
ougitude  from  Uroen. 

d  7  6.  What  U  wiil 
it  people  was  Canadt 
iVhat  hag  boon  cnjo/ 


r 


J 


NEW    BHITAIN.  9| 

NEW  DRITAIN. 
\.  Nkw  Rbitain  foin|.ris.'.s  thiit  part  nf  Britmh  AmonVa 
mtuufr.  north  of  Cuna.lu  a.i.l  tho  ir.iit.Hl  Stafs.     |i  ..„„(„„" 
M...ro  Ihar.  tlm>f..i;mrths  c.C  th.  wh..l.-  of  tl,.,  Ilritish  ,h,ss.^ 

,1;;.';,,"'  "    '^  ^^  ""'^•'*""'-  ^'"y ""°  ''^"  ""'••i"«i 

uln.'.li^'h.Tl'^''"''''''.'."  '^''  '■"^'""  '"  """  "''"'"•  "'  '''"•ili""« 
«li.h,lh..  Hu.Isons  Hay  Company  h.-iVM-stahlish..!  lorfs  „n.l 
radit|jr.|,o„s,.,j,  ,„  various  qnart.Ts,  ,..x„.n.li,.;r  (Vom.  Ilu.lson's 

J^A  7.T''  '"  "';''"'''|""'.  ""'I  '^'  'I'"  "".-thwar.!  almost  to 
Iho  Arc  ic  (  .•can.  Tlio  whol„  n-ion  is  in  conscniu.nc-e  often 
called  tho  Hudson's  Hay  Company's  Territory. 


""»"'•  nuccoon. 

hJ;  7r"l  o'"''"',-'  ^''•^'i"""-  Maskrat,  and  other  a»l,nal«,  arc  caMriv 
hunted  for  their  lurHj  the  exports  of  which  have  amounted  in  «o,no 
years  to  upwards  of  a  million  of  dollars. 

4.  Tho  coast  of  Labrador,  and  tho  uholo  of  tho  north,    ^  shores  of 
his  rcir,,,,,,  from  (.reenmnO  westward  to  DIuTins's  Strait,  ,s  inlial.ited 

by  the  Iv..,m,„aux,  a  race  of  savages  ditlWi„g\™entialiy  "  ,„  Lo 
IndianH,  in  form,  disposition,  and  complexion.  ^ 

5.  Among  these  ,h.,.,.Io  on  tho  coast  of  Labrador,  the  Moravim 
M  ssionarieH  have  estab  Lshed  tho  .etlUn.ents  of  x\ain  Oklud  I  ," 
dale.  &e.,  and  have  partially  improved_tl.eir  habits  and  conditio..   ' 

M;<1>  Ao.  4._What  territory  on  tho  east  coast?  Lr.~On  the  wost^ 
N..Ca  -hast  o  Hudson's  Hay  7  E.-Mo.-.West  side  ?  N  .n1\  J 
N..!,..\\.,,_Ou  the  coa.t  of  Uallm Why  ?     P..VV..Ld._West  of  the 

.,„f T  "■I'.^'^Sr^-  '^'"*'  '•■*"  N"^  ""'"i"  <='"ni'"«c  7    9.  What 
trade  has  it     What  company  has  established  forts  in  iarious  quarters 
3.  What  animals  are  hunte.:  for  their  furs  ?     4    Whn»  ,.  7,1  !  i. M 
the  coast  of  Labrador  and  the  NortholrsLres  ?'  S  \^  SUve^tS 
MiMionaries  established  7  ^* 


■I 

''1 


03  DKHLUIITIVK   Ut:(>UHArilV. 

Oulf  of  ni«)ilil»f  n,.Fx.  — I'^it  of  llaUiurHt  Inl.l?  Va.  — Wlwl 
Inrgit  lluy  in  New  Hfiliiin  .'  lU.—  llow  Img  iiml  wiilf  in  it  r—Hitwton 
New  nniiin  iiii.l  (iri'tiiliintlf  Hn.  —  llnw  » i<l<'  i»  it  ?— Niiiiio^  Iho 
fimi  l(ir(;<«t  !.i>kM<  in  Niw  llrilinn.  <».-llr..  <i.S..,  An.,  Wtf'~'''l'« 
Icni'tli  ot'  tacli  f— Wliiil  iiirgti  rivir  tli>«H  piIo  tlir  I'ular  Mtii  ?  M«.— 
llM  k'nglh  ?— Wlml  two  rivi  ri<  llow  iiil.i  luki'  Atl  ilmnni  I  IV.,  Au.— 
Thiif  Uii|{lli«  ^  —  VVhiit  ri\tr  llimn  ii>l<>  l.nkf  U  iiiiii|H'«  ?  Hii.  —  It* 
k'UKlli  I  —  Wlml  river  <(.imi  t  Im  I.ako  Wiiuii|M);  w  illi  lliid'iiiii'*  Hiiy  7 
Ni»,— W'hirli  iiru  iJi.i  •irimiiHil  Cirtn  ?  Re,  IJii.,  fl.,  Yli,,  Hii.,  Ay.,  Me. 
—  Till-  prill,  iiial  IiKlini.  trih.*?  Vt.,  K.-UI..,  (V,  K.i.,  H.l'i  A". - 
Wliiit  .MniinlaiiH  urn  in  llie  wisl  part  of  Nt  vv  llrilaiii  /  Hv".~  I'lirir 
touigtk  ?— Which  wo  Uio  two  liiglii»l  I  Dn.,  Ilr.— Th«  htiiflil  ..Itach  / 

CANADA  WEST* 

I.  Can.vd.i  Wi:<it  rxiciiil.s  nloii;?  \ho  wbolo  rliain  of  thfl 
grciit  lalus  nlinosl  to  llic  wcnIiiii  t\lr.  iiiily  nf  Liiko  Su|h'. 
rior.  Tho  cliinnto  in  gcMn-'rallv  hciilthy  niid  siilubrimiH.  1  hn 
8umin<!r  licalH  nro  nioro  nioiiiraio  iiml  tlio  winters  Bhorter 
and  U'HH  rij{i>rmi8  than  in  ihu  Eastern  I'rovincf, 

9.  Tho  soil  III  the  Hctilcd  ["irtH  of  tin-  iniiiilry  in  mnhtly  very  ft-rtilo, 
nnd  yli'ldH  ttliimilanl  croiw  of  (j-iiii,  wi.tal,  liitlian  cv.rn,  llux,  A,c. 
Tobacco  in  aliio  cultivated  in  tliu  noulh-weHtirn  diktriclH. 

3.  The  mo»l  important  canal*  in  UritJHli  America  arc  in  Canada 
Worti  thciiO  are  tho  Rideau  and  tlio  Weihind  eaiiaU;  tho  first  ex- 
tend*  from  iJio  Ottawa  river  to  KiiiRxlon.  Tho  AVelland  cunal  unite* 
Lake  Krio  v^ilh  I.ako  Ontario;  both  these  work*  allow  vchscIh  of  1^5 
tuns  Imrthon  to  pans  t)iroii);li,  ,    ,     ,.  . 

4.  In  thiH  proviire,on  the  Niapara  river,  which  connect«  I.akc  Lriu 
with  Iiako  Ontario,  ix  tlio  Falln  of  Niagara,  Um  feet  lii|{h.  'J'hiH  in  one 
of  tlio  moHf  inaKiiificcnt  of  Nature's  works,  Tho  noise  of  thu  cataract 
is  hoard,  and  tho  cloud  of  vapour  which  ri»C3  from  it  u  icon,  at  Die 
dintanco  of  several  miles.  ,.•,-. 

5.  Toronto  and  KingHlon.on  tho  norlhirii  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  nro 
tho  two  principal  towns  of  Canada  West.     Toronto,  tho  larjreBt, 
pleasantly  situated  on  a  hay  of  tho  same  nainoj  it  is  regularly  laid 
»>ut,  and  lias  a,  number  of  handsono  liuildiiiBH. 

6.  In  tho  year  1H41,  Kingston  became  tho  capitol  of  Canada,  and 

^Canndu  We$t,  Q.  —  1.  What  ia  tho  extent  of  Canada  Woat?  Of 
the  climate  7  2.  Tho  soiH  What  docs  it  yield  7  3.  Canals  in  Canada 
West?  4.  What  (treat  falls  aro  in  Canada  West  7  How  hiffh  aro 
ihcy  ?   5.  What  i»  the  Capital  7   f>.  The  principal  Hrilish  naval  slallim  7 

•  Upper  aiidTowcr  C'anada  long  funned  separate  provinces,  but 
were  united  in  tho  year  1841,  by  Act  of  die  Ihitish  Parliament.  At 
ho  game  time  tho  name  of  the  Upper  Province  was  changed  loCanaua 
Woit,  and  of  the  lower  to  Canada  EaiiU 


I 


als( 
mo 
Ni. 
dor 
tho 

/ 
Stn 
S..I 

jiar 
— \ 

(he 
No, 
\Vh 

,Ma| 

Nia 


rrn 
par 
pori 
]vn 
thoi 


orig 


I  Ilia  7    V«.  — Wh»i 

,  iilf  in  it  T-~llrl»con 
JN  it  7 —  Nuiiio  (Ihi 
.Si„  All..  Wa.— 'riw 
I'oliirHt'a?  Ml.— 
ilwiiifii?  IV.,  Aa. — 
iiiiii|hk7  Mil.  —  It* 
Willi  llud^oii'*  Huy  7 
.,  Yli„  Hii.,  Ay.,  Me. 
..,  K.x.,IM"i    A«. - 

iijiiii  /   iu-,~  'riicit 

-Tl>ulicigliliil'«.auh7 


bolo  rhain  of  thfl 

ity  of  Luke  Sums 

I  siilubrimin.     '1  ho 

lio  winters  ehortfr 

iiicc. 

Ik  iiioHtly  very  fortilo, 

(linn   iMfii,  llux,  &.U. 

JKlriCtH. 

rrica  aro  in  Canada 
(•,iiml»;  tlic  fimt  ex- 
IVi'llund  cuiml  unilui 
allow  vvviiuU  uf  1:25 


h  cnnncctH  I.iikc  Krtu 
:ot  iiiKl>-  ''''■■'*  ■>*  cn^ 
I  noiHU  of  thu  cataract 
oni  it  is  icon,  at  the 

B  of  Lake  Ontario,  nro 
ront'i,  tlio  larjfoHl, 
;  it  ii  regularly  luiU 

ipital  of  Canada,  and 

'  Canada  Woat  7    Of 

.1.  Canals  in  Canada 

'st  7      How  liiffh  aro 

Hrilish  naval  Hlalimi  7 

laratu  pruvinccg,  but 
itihli  Parliament.  At 
OM  changed  to  Canadk 


P*lli  of  NUfar*. 

•lno  of  all  nritlsh  America ;  lint  tlio  ..rat  of  Rovernmont  \n  n..w  rv. 
moved  to  Monlrnil.  Niagnra  i«  a  «iiiall  umk  at  the  mouth  of  tlm 
Ninifttra  river.  Oodeirh,  on  llio  cnut  nhore  of  lako  fluroo,  and  I,.,n. 
don,  on  the  river  riiames,  aro  tiio  chief  lowiin  in  tho  wenlern  part  ol' 
tho  province.  ' 


w.  /"^.^".•''■■^^^'l';'  '"■""  «''l">ra«o  Canada  Wtf«t  (Vom  the  United 
Tt  wi'-.^''"  '  ."■•  '^'•- -What  river,  in  |.art.  ftom  Now  York  7 
.  ;:;  V"'i."*"''  '"■"'"  Canada  Knnt  7  Oa.-Wliat  ii  tho  caMern 
jmrt  ofLiike  I  i.roii  called  7  Me.— What  rHleH  in  tho  north  part 7  Mo. 
— Wliat  Inland  in  the  weHtern  p.irt  of  L.ilto  Superior  7  Ro.  — \VI  .it  in 
llio  criBth  of  Lakeg  Su|.erior,  Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario  7  -  On  Man 
No.  II,  lull  who  wa»  dctinled  on  the  Kivcr  'I'liaiiieH,*  in  181  ;j?  J',  _ 
Who  wa«  killed  tli.ro  t  'I'll.  Mo  wan  a  celel.raled  Indian  ehi,,' ,  -On 
^IapNo.lI  tell  what  battles  were  fought  in  IbM,  near  tlio  ia}j,cS 
Niagara  7   F..Ko,,  Ca. 

CO 

CANADA  EAST. 

1.  Cajtaoa  East  e.vfond.s  on  both  sidrs  of  tlio  St.  Law- 
ronco  nvcr,  Iroin  its  month  to  tho  rivor  Ottnwti.  The  lower 
part  of  tho  province  is  ruj;j,'c;I,  cold  and  sterile;  but  tlie  upper 
portion  IS  fertile,  well  watered,  and  more  moderate  in  tem. 
peraturo.  All  sections  have,  however,  tho  climate  of  Sweden 
though  in  the  latitude  of  PVnnco, 

2.  More  than  three-fourths  of  the  inhabitants  aro  of  French 
origut  i  they  Bjieak  tho  French  language,  and  are  all  Catho- 

Canada  East.  Q.  — 1.  How  far  docs  Canada  Tdst  extend  7   3.  How 


*Thamt$.  Temz. 


U4 


DMOMirrivK  DKiKiKAriiv. 


lie*.    Thn  n<mniri(l«<r  tktv  mcMtly  rmtivi  ><  of  (in  iit  Itritain  and 
ihvir  (IcMOfridaiitN,  whu  aru  |itiiu-i|iiil|y  I'roti  nUiiiU. 

3.  (.'ilitr^ttiim  i«  ntiich  naflNtod, 
■rid  tho  chiitf  pnri  ol'  ilm  |m'iiu|«  ttn 
Very  iKtiiirtiit.  'I'lir  iiniivn  rVncli 
('iiiiiiiitiiiio  uri<  <  iilli'il  huliiiiin*.  Till') 
iiri>  gay  in  tin  ir  ilii<|ii)Kiiiiina,  fimr 
li'iiii*  and  |i<>litu  III  tlirir  iimiinrra, 
iind  iilriiiiKly  ulluil,.  <l  In  )|i>'ir  nil- 
KJiin  and  nulivi'  roiinlry. 

4.  ('nnnd*  Fciil  iiroiliitci*  wlira:, 
liullan  corii,  «nd  oIIiit  ffraina  com. 
niiin  to  tlui  norilnrn  |Hirl«  of  (h« 
United  Htiiim.  Tin*  i'X|miI'(i)  arc  tint 
Imt,  Kruia,  lliiiir,  lUiii,  |hiI  >iiiiI  pear 

Cantitlmi  ilnbltuni.  •ulit'i,  ftf. 


<  UiicIh'C. 


5.  Tlio  city  of  O  jcI)oc  wn«,  until  tlia  year  1841,  Iho  ciipital  of  Driinh 
Aiiicridi;  it  i*  very  ■Iroiigly  IJirlillid, niid  niluftfcd  liiilf  in  a  piiiin  aloiiK 
Uiu  Uivir  Ml.  F.uwrriici',  and  llir  olhrr  liiilf  cm  a  itcip,  p(  r[Hnaicular 
ronk,  .LIO  IK't  ImrIi.    TIhmu  an;  culled  tlio  up|K'r  anil  lowi  r  towni. 

C.  MMHtrcal,*  on  Montreal  IhIiumI,  ,ind  IHO  inllex  iiliovc  Quclicc,  by 
llio  St.  Liiwrrnco  river,  In  now  the  i/ipital  of  I'anuda;  it  ih  thn  centre 
of  tho  fur  Irudc,  and  of  the  coinnicrco  with  the  f'nited  Suited.  The 
town  of  tho  Three  KiverN,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  St.  F.iwrcnco  river 
In  the  next  in  importance  to  Quebec  and  Montrciil,  William  11,'riry, 
Chainbly,t  and  St.  Johii'ii,arc  iinull  town*  un  Sorcllct  Itivcr. 


many  of  thn  inhnbiltntB  are  of  French  origin?    What  are  tho  r 
3.  What  ia  Bnid  of  ediicalion  ?     Tho  charueter  of  thn  French  C 
dian  7    A.  Prmlnec  7     Exiwrtii  7    5.  What  in  Quebec  7 
Nimo  Uic  other  Towni. 


rent  7 

'ana- 

6  Montroal  7 


'  Montrtttl,  Monl-re^wl'     t  CAamUy,  Shamb'-lo.     I  SortUt,  Sor^. 


i 


r. 

(innt  llritain  and 
«tuiit«. 

Ii  ntitoh  MflMlaA 
rl  1)1'  t(M  paopia  ■» 

Till'  tialivD  rrrni'h 
lliil  h»lnli$n§.  'I'liey 
r  iliaiioKitiiiiiK,  four 
I  ill  tlirir  Miiiiiiiira, 
ml,,  il  III  Oii'ir  nil. 
•imiilry, 

111  iiroiliit'lK  wlirnt, 
I  iiiliir  sraini  coiit' 
llurn  |HirU  of  th« 
riw  i-x|Hirt«  trs  lini. 
flim,  iHit  mil!  pear 


llifl  cnpitul  of  Dritllh 
liiilf  ill  a  piiiin  aioiiK 
■tn  (I,  [11  rfHniliuular 
ml  liiwi  r  tuwiiH. 
H  aluivi-  Qiicliip,  hy 
Ilia  ;  it,  in  tlin  <Tiilrc 
'iiilcd  Slnttd,  'I'lif 
iSt.  r.nvroiuo  rivi'r 
I.  William  11,'iiry, 
let  River. 


iVIiat  nre  the  rcrt? 
[■  tlio  Fri'iicli  Cona- 
3VC  7    6  Miiiitreal  7 


tS»tV\  Sor^l'. 


«p 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT^3) 


/ 


/A 


o 


'<* 


I/. 


/. 


1.0 

[rMIIIIM  II M 

•^•'  IIIM     1  2.2 

1.8 

I.I 

1.25 

1.4       1.6 

/ //                                    _ 

^ 

H 

O 

PholDgiBphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


2r  WEST  MAIN  STRiET 

>«B-.TER,N.Y.  14580 

(7U;  i/2-4503 


\  "^o 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Ki7SU 


NEW   ORIINBWIRK. 


95 


Map  No.  6.— What  country  licH  wckI  of  Conodn  EaHt  7  C..\Vl.— 
What  two  Suten  lie  Houth  7  N..Yk..  Vt.— Wliat  Suto  lien  cant  7  Me. 
— Tho  principal  River  7  H.-Lu.  h»  length  7  ('l'lii»  inoludcB  tlio  Lakoi.) 
—What  Lake  docg  the  Sagiicnay  How  from  7  S.-U.  The  Icngtii  of 
the  Saguenay  ?  Tho  Ottawa  7  What  !livcr  unitcii  LakcH  Chutnplain 
und  St.  PetorH  ;  8c.— Th<i  population  of  CinclKx  7  Of  Montruul  7 — 
What  tlircc  Lakci  are  in  Canada  Eut  ?    ti.-iu.,  S..l'».,  'Vg. 


70- 


NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

1.  Nkw  Brunswick  is  .situated  to  tho  ea.st  of  flin  Statr;  of 
Maine,  uiid  to  tiie  north-west  f>f  Nova  Scotiii.  Until  tiic  year 
1784  it  was  incluued  witliin  the  liniit.s  of  tho  latter,  which  at 
that  period  was  diviJcrl  into  two  siparute  provinces, 

2.  This  colony  is  but  partially  cleared,  and  contains  exten- 
sive fore.sts  which  furnish  larjjte  quantities  of  e,\c(!llent  timljcr. 
Tho  soil  is  generally  of  good  ciuality,  especially  along  tho 
banks  of  the  at.  John's  and  other  rivers. 

3.  The  fiHherics  are  a  «ourco  of  considerahio  wealth,  and  employ 
many  of  tho  inhabitants,  the  produce  being  with  lumber  the  chief  arti 
cle»  of  export.    Ship-building  is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  "...lunt. 

4.  The  Bay  of  Fundy,  which  geparatcB  thii  province  from  Nova 
Scotia,  ia  remarkable  for  the  great  and  rapid  rise  of  it*  tidea,  which 
oilcn  attain  tho  height  of  70  feet. 

5.  Frcderickton,  tho  scat  of  government,  is  situated  some  distance 
up  the  river  St.  John's.  It  is  built  chiefly  of  wood,  and  contains  the 
government  offices,  several  churches,  and  a  college. 

6.  The  city  of  St  John's  is  tho  most  conHiderablo  place  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  has  an  extensive  commerce.  St.  Andrew's,  at  tho  head 
of  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  i«  tho  next  in  trade  and  population.  Chatham 
and  New  Castlo  are  smoll  towns  on  the  Miriinichi  River. 


Map  No.  7.— Which  is  the  chief  river  7    S.Js.— What  iHland  lies 

near  New  Brunswick  7    P-Es.— Gulf  to  the  eastward  7    S..Lc Two 

bays  north-east  7  Cs.,  Mi.— Bay  on  the  south  7  Fy.— Peninsula  south 
cast  7  N..Sa.— The  population  of  St.  John's  7  Of  Frcderickton  7  St. 
Andrew's?  Chatham?  New  Castlo  7  On  what  river  is  tho  city  of 
St.  John's  7  ' 


New  Bruiuutiek.  Q.—i.  How  is  Now  Brunswick  situated  7  In  whu 
was  It  included  7  2.  What  is  said  of  tho  soil  7  3.  The  chief  articles 
of  export  7  What  is  an  important  branch  of  industry  7  4.  Of  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  7    5.  The  Capital  7    6.  St  John's  7    St  Andrew's  7 


.i6 


DKSCRIFTIVB  OBOORAPHV. 


n 

NOV\  SCOTIA. 

1.  Nova  Scotia  wcm  first  settlwl  by  thn  French,  and  nnmed 
by  tliein  Aciidia.  In  ITtiJJ  it  was  conquorfd  by  (ircnt  Uriliiin, 
und  since  tbnt  tiino  has  been  called  by  its  jirescnt  name. 

ii.  It  is  a  !arj,'(>  peninsula,  iJHO  miles  ion^',  and  from  HO  to 
l()()  broad.  l)n  llic  coast  the  soil  is  jjrenerally  |)oor,  but  ia  tht 
interior  and  northern  parts  it  is  well  adapted  to  cultivation. 

3.  Wheat  and  otiicr  Rrain«,  with  poliitnoH  of  tlio  fiiicut  quality,  are 
rained  to  Home  extent.    Coal,  und  jrypnuni,  or  pliister  ol'  p!iri»,  arc  found 
in  vast  (iimnlitieH,  and  with  fi.sli,  ({rindHloniH,  Alc,  ore  largely  cxpotied 
copiK'r,  iron,  and  various  other  niinerals,  also  abound. 

4.  Halifax,  the  eapilal,  i»  nituuted  on  one  of  the  finest  hnrhouri  in  the 
world,  and  ednlaiuH  the  nioHl  extunsiv  dock-yard  in  British  America. 
Lunenburg,  Livcr|«)ol,  Yarmouth,  and  I'ietou,  arc  nil  place*  of  houmi 
trade;  from  the  latter,  cnal  is  8hii)pcd  to  the  United  States. 

5.  Cai'k  Bkkton  I3LAK1). — Capo  Breton  is  a  large  Island, 
Rcparalcd  Trom  Novu  Scotia  by  the  Gut  or  Strait  of  Canso ; 
it  is  av.'^ut  110  miles  in  len;;th,  and  from  'M  to  80  in  breadth, 
nnd  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  portions  by  an  arm  of 
the  sea  called  the  Bras  d'Or. 

6.  Affricuiturc  ih  in  a  backward  state,  the  Cod  Fislicry  attracting  tlio 
chief  industry  of  the  people.  Thii  island  was  in  lb20  politically  at- 
tached to  Nova  Scotia,Bnd  Kcnds  two  members  to  the  House  of  Assembly. 

7.  Louisburgr,  w  hieh  the  French  carefully  fortified,  was  oneo  a  place 
of  great  importance,  but  it  is  now  entirely  deserted ;  nnd  Sidney,  r.  vil- 
lage of  about  800  inhabitants,  is  all  the  capital  Capo  Breton  possesscj. 
Arechat,  on  Islo  Madame,  is  the  largest  town  belonging  to  Capo  Breton. 


Map  No.  7.— What  Islands  lie  east  and  With-east  of  Nova  Scotia  t 
C..Bn.,  Se.— What  Island  north  7  P.  Es.— What  separates  Nova  Scotia 
und  Caiw  Breton?  G.-Co.— What  Ocean  on  the  south-east?  Ac— What 
Bay  on  the  north-west?  Fy.  — What  is  the  population  of  Halifax? 
Lunenburg  ?    Liverpool  ?    Arechat  7  Yarmouth  7 


JVoen  Scotia,  Q.— 1.  By  whom  was  Nova  Scotia  first  settled  7  What 
was  iu  first  name  7  When  was  it  conquered  by  'ireat  Britain  7  2.  What 
IS  this  Colony  7  What  is  said  of  its  soil  ?  3.  its  productions  ?  lU 
minerals?  4.  The  capital  and  other  towns  ?  5.  What  is  Cape  Breton? 
ilow  is  it  divided  7  6.  What  is  said  of  its  a?[riculture,  &c.  7  When 
'^U  it  al*»r*  :^  tc  Ntwa  Scotia  ?    7.  What  is  said  of  Louisburg,  dtoJ 


NEWFOUNDLAND 


97 


onch,  and  nnmed 
by  (ircnt  Uritain, 
cscnt  iinmc. 
,  and  from  50  to 
y  |MK)r,  l)ut  ill  tht 
I  to  cultivation. 

0  fmcHt  quality,  are 
r  (if  piiriH,  arc  Ibund 
ro  liirgL'ly  cxjiorlcd 
lul. 

iicst  linrliourfi  in  the 
in  l)riii»h  America, 
nil  placcH  of  •oUM) 
d  SlutcH. 

is  a  large  Island, 
Strnit  of  Canso ; 
to  80  in  breadth, 
is  by  an  arm  of 

ighcry  attractini;  tlie 
1H20  politicnlly  at- 
illousc  of  Assembly. 
;H,  wuB  once  a  place 
1;  nnd  Sidney,  n.  vil- 
|)o  Breton  posseisej. 
g[ing  tu  Cape  Breton. 

ist  of  Nova  Scotia  t 
iparates  Nova  Scotia 
th-cast?  Ac— What 
ulation  of  Ilalifiu  1 


first  settled  7  What 
at  Britain  7  2.  What 
s  productions  7  Its 
I'hat  is  Cape  Breton  7 
ilture,  &.C.  7  When 
I  of  Louiuburg,  SteJ 


1.  PniNCK  r*)i)WAUi»'8  Island. — Prince  Edward's  is  a  fiiip 
fertile  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  lying  n<!arly  imraltel 
to  the  coasts  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  IJrunswick. 

3.  'I'ho  soil  is  Kood  and  well  adapted  to  a|;riculture,  which  is  in  a 
iiKiro  iMi|irovcd  statu  than  in  any  of  the  nuif^hbourin?  colonies,  Cliar- 
iiittc  Town  is  the  capital,  witJi  J,5UU  inhabitants.  J'hcro  aro  lovcral 
iiihcr  Hiiiall  towns. 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

.S.  Newfoundland  is  a  large  island,  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  forming  the  most  eastern  part 
of  IJritish  America.  The  soil  is  mostly  barren,  and  the  timber 
scanty  and  of  small  size. 

4.  It  owes  its  importance  to  its  Cod  fisheries,  which  are  the 
most  valuable  in  the  world.  The  fish  are  caught  in  vast 
numbers  upon  certain  shallow  places  in  the  sea  in  the  vi^  i  v  y 
of  the  island,  called  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland. 

5.  A  great  number  of  vegsels  and  men  (chiefly  American  and  French) 
hero  find  employment,  wliilo  the  inhabitants  of  the  island  carry  on  their 
fisheries  aI'Mig  the  shore. 

C.  The  fishinff  business  is  dnngorons,  bv.t  profitable ,  it  is  an  ad 
mira'ilo  nursery  tor  the  hardy  seamen  o.  (ho  New  England  states,  ano 
I'urniKiics  us  with  an  important  article  of  export  to  other  countries. 
The  Seal  fishing  has  of  late  years  attracted  much  attention.    - 

7,  St.  John's  is  tlie  principal  place  in  the  island ;  the  houses  arc  nil 
built  of  wood,  and  the  town  has  in  consequence  sutftrcd  severely  from 
tiros.    Harbour  Grace  is,  next  to  St.  John's,  the  most  important  town. 


Map  No,  7.  — What  aoparatcs  Prince  Edward's  Island  trom  New 
Brunswick  7  Nd.-St, — What  bounds  Newfoundland  on  the  east  7  A. 
On.  —  On  the  wf^st  7  6.  S.-Lc. — What  Strait  separates  it  from  Labra- 
dor 7  Bo. — What  banks  aro  near  the  Island  7  How  long  and  wide 
.s  the  Grand  Bank  7  Newfoundland  7  What  is  the  population  of  SL 
John's?    Of  Harbour  Grace  7    OfPlacentia? 


Prinet  EdtBari'$  ItUind.  Q.—l.  What  ia  Prince  Edward's  Island  T 
2.  What  is  said  of  the  soil  and  agriculture  7    The  capital,  &a  7 

Newfoundland.  Q.—3,  What  is  Newfoundland  7    4.  To  what  does 
t  owe  ita  importance  7    5.  What  are  they  called  7    Who  find  employ- 
aent  there  7    6.  What  is  said  of  the  fishing  business,  fts.  7    What 
jes  it  furnish  us  vith  7    7.  Describe  Sl  Jotm's.    Harbou-  Grace. 
N 


98 


DESCRIPTIVE   GEOGRArilY. 


UNITED  STATES. 


1.  The  Umited  States  form  one  government,  comprising 
thirty  states,  five  territories,  and  one  icdcrai  district.  Thoy 
occupy  the  most  valuable  and   productive  part  of  North 

America,  and  rank  amongst  the  most  powerful,  commercial, 
and  wealthy  nations  of  the  globe. 

2.  Thoy  are  distin(^-jished  for  the  freedom  and  excellence 
of  their  political  institutions,  the  rapid  ir^-^rease  of  the  popula- 
tion, and  for  the  intelligence,  industry,  and  enterprise  of  the 
mhabitants. 

3.  The  territory  of  the  United  States  is  very  extensive ;  it 
ranges  through  26  degrees  of  latitude,  and  ^8  degrees  of 
longitude.  The  frontier  outline  has  an  extent  of  more  than 
10,000  miles,  and  a  line  drawn  from  north-west  to  south-east 
would  measure  2800  miles, 

4.  In  so  vast  a  region  there  is  of  course  included  a  great 
variety  of  surface,  soil,  and  climate.  It  is  well  watered  by 
noble  streams,  which  not  only  give  fertility  to  their  borders 

United  &atu.  Q.  — 1.  What  do  the  United  State*  form?  Cum- 
priiinf  what  1  What  do  they  occupy  T  3.  For  what  are  tho^  dtstin- 
gtuahod  7    3.  What  is  aaid  of  the  territory  7    4.  What  dooa  it  include  T 


IT. 


irnment,  comprising 
jrai  district.  Thoy 
ivo  part  of  North 
wcrful,  commercial, 

iom  and  excellence 
;rease  of  the  popula> 
id  enterprise  of  the 

is  very  extensive ;  it 
and  ^8  degrees  of 
extent  of  more  than 
ih-wcst  to  south-east 

se  included  a  great 

is  well  watered  by 

ity  to  their  borders 

i  State*  form?  Cum. 
>r  what  are  tho^  distiit' 
.  What  dooa  it  induda  T 


UNITED   STATES.  00 

b''i  are  ready  to  carry  the  gifts  of  the  earth  to  the  ocean,  and 
io  bring  back  to  the  inhubitujits  the  products  of  other  ciiincs. 

5.  The  soil  returns  an  anii)lo  harvest  for  all  that  is  planted 
in  it,  nnd  the  climate  is  favourable  to  nearly  every  production 
of  the  earth,  that  can  sustain  lilb  or  increase  its  luxuries, 

fl,  Agrirulturo  ii  tlio  Icadinf;  purHuit  in  thin  (■<iui>try.  Thu  oiidlrrn 
itatt'ii  aru  devoted  to  ^raiin{gf,  nnd  the  dairy  ;  the  middle  and  wcultrr) 
to  llic  ruiHinjf  of  whoat,  Indian  corn,  &c. ;  und  tho  Boulhtrii  BtiitcH,  to 
C'.tliin,  tolmcco,  iiujfar,  and  riet.  HIavo  lalxmr  in  chiutly  employed  io 
tJio  Houtliurri  and  Bonio  of  tho  wcHlerii  HlatjM. 

7.  Tho  United  Statei  arc  rinhlv  Biippliid  with  valiinblo  minernU 
(•old,  tlio  nioRt  precious,  and  iron,  the  niuiit  mclUi  of  nietnlH,  witli  iiud 
coal,  salt,  and  lime,  all  cxint,  iiiohI  of  thum  in  (frent  almridance  ;  while 
heautiihl  and  durable  buildinjr  nmterialH  nro  furnished  by  tiiu  cxlensive 
quarries  of  ihu  ditTerctit  sectiann  of  the  Union, 

8.  Tlio  manufactures  are  already  exlenHivc,  and  arc  rapidly  incrcne. 
infr:  thoy  yield  in  value,  unnui.'y,  near  •100  millionH  of  dr.llars;  nnd 
with  tlio  produetH  of  the  apriculturr,  the  liircKlc,  tho  niiiicB,  and  tho 
iisberieii,  amoiuit  yearly  to  ahiioHt  1300  million  doilara, 

J).  The  commeroo  is,  next  to  that  of  (i  rent  Britain,  the  largest  in  the 
world  i  it  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  earth,  and  embraces  the  pro<lucls 
and  manufactures  of  all  nations.  Tho  numlier  of  vcsncIs  that  enter  and 
depart  from  tho  jwrts  of  tlio  United  States,  amounts  from  28,000  to 
35,000  every  year, 

74 

10.  Tho  Fisheries  are  highly  important,  nnd  are  carried  on  mostly 
by  tiio  New  En^lonl  states :  they  embrace  chielly  tlio  whale,  cod,  and 
mackerel  fisheries,  ond  employ  upwards  of  3fi,000  men,  tlio  product* 
amount  to  from  10  to  1'2  millions  of  dollars,  annually, 

11.  Tho  whale  fishery  nlono  employs  upwards  of  fi.'iO  vessels,  and 
16,000  men.  The  ships  employed  in  this  important  business  are  absent 
frequently  two  and  Uireo  years  at  a  time. 

12.  No  part  of  the  world  presents  such  an  extensive  inland  com 
morco  as  that  of  the  United  States,  ^team  vessels  navigate  all  the 
principal  rivers,  lakes,  bays,  <S£.e.  The  iVIisHissippi  river  and  its  tribu- 
laries  alone  are  traversed  by  near  490  stcamboata,  all  of  which  make 
several  voyages  every  year. 

13.  Tho  employment  of  Steam  Power  is  prc'jably  greater  in  thi* 
counUy  than  in  any  otlier  part  of  the  wurld,  and  forms  one  of  tho  pria. 

How  Is  it  watered  7  5.  What  of  tho  soil  7  Climate  7  6.  Agriculture  T 
The  eastern  states  7  Tho  middle  and  western  7  Southern  7  7.  Wh»t 
of  the  minerals  7  8.  Manufactures  7  Their  value  and  tlie  capital  em. 
ployed?  9.  The  commerce  7  10.  The  fisheries  7  11.  Whale  fishery  7 
18.  The  mland  commerce  7    The  Mississvpi,  Sec.  7    13.  Of  the  em- 


,ia»ii«««WIM 


100 


DEBCRimVE   OEOORAFIIY. 


Whil*  Pliherjr.— Cutllni  up  a  VVImlc. 


cipM  clemcntf  of  American  pronncrily.  1,300  gtcambonti  hnve  bcon 
hiiiU  since  tlio  year  1807,  or  which  800  now  pjtiHt;  and  the  number 
of  itoam-cni^incR  in  the  United  Sintea  employed  in  atcanilwatu,  loco- 
motive  rail-r(Mid  cari,  and  for  various  nianufucturing  purponcB,  in  not 
leii  than  3,000. 

14.  The  Amerieanii  have  nurpaiaed  all  other  nutionn  in  the  nninlicr 
and  extent  of  their  eanuli  and  rail.rnadM ;  tho  united  loiijfth  of  the 
former  ii  not  h'Hs  than  4,200  miloH,  the  whole  of  which,  with  one  or 
two  cxccptionn,  have  been  executed  in  Ichn  than  twenty  yeuri*. 

15.  The  rail-roadd,  nil  constructed  within  the  Inrt  fifteen  years,  amount 
to  an  appregato  of  .'5,300  milcH,  over  whi^-h  cnrriages  are  propelled  by 
locomotivo  sttam^ngincs  at  tlio  rate  of  licm  20  to  30  miles  an  liour. 

16.  Tlie  United  States  are  more  distinfruishcd  for  the  general  diffu- 
sion of  knowledge,  than  for  eminence  in  literature  and  science.  Com- 
mon school  education  is  more  widely  extended  than  in  any  other  part 
of  the  world,  and  there  are  numerous  seminaries  of  learning  through, 
oui  the  country,  though  there  are  uo  universities  and  colleges  on  so 
large  a  scale  as  some  in  Europe. 

17.  The  general  government  of  the  United  States  has  done  but  lit 
tie  for  the  promotion  of  public  instruction;  but  most  of  the  states  iiavo 
mativ  legislative  provision,  and  some  have  largo  funds  set  apart,  for 
that  purpose.  The  tirst  scttlem  of  New  England  paid  a  very  laudable 
attention  to  thi<<  important  subject;  and  so  early  as  the  vear  1G28,  a 
law  was  passed  for  tlio  education  of  every  child  in  the  colonics. 


ployment  of  steam  ?  Hew  many  steamboats  7  14.  What  is  said  of  the 
Americans?  OfcanalsT  15.  Rail-roads  7  16.  Of  the  United  States '* 
Common  school  education  7   Seminaries  of  learning  7    17,  ThegenerJ 


r 


IT. 


Imlv. 

stoambonti  hnve  bcon 
xiHt;  and  tho  number 
(I  in  (toaniboatn,  loco- 
uring  purposcB,  ig  not 

nutionw  in  tho  nnmlicr 
I  united  Iciifrth  of  the 

of  which,  with  onu  or 

twenty  ycurs. 
\»t  fifteen  years,  a  mount 
ringeg  arc  propelled  by 
)  to  30  miles  an  hour. 
d  for  tho  (general  diflu- 
uro  and  acienco.  Com- 
than  in  any  other  part 
!8  of  learning  through- 
ics  and  colleges  on  ao 

Btatcs  has  done  but  lit 
nioHt  of  the  states  iiave 
gn  funds  set  apart,  for 
id  paid  a  very  laudable 
rlv  as  tho  vcar  1G38,  n 
1  in  tho  colonics, 

14.  Whatiitaidoftha 
I.  Of  the  United  States* 
ling?    17.  ThegenerJ 


r 


UMT.V'i   4/ilKS. 


Yft-. 


101 


18.  Tin  A)  IS  no  eHtiililisl.i'd  church  in  tho  United  Stnlcn, 
-••ligion  Uiiift  left  tci  tho  vohmtiiry  choice  tif  tho  |m'o|)I(';  yni 
in  nil  tho  W(!ll-.si!ttl(!(J  pnrtH  of  tho  Utiiun,  nli^ioiiH  instruction 
1111(1  oliscrvanccs  arc  us  liiilhriilly  iii.s|K'nM(.'d  und  porlormcd  ua 
ill  any  oilier  coiiiilry  in  tho  world. 

I'J.  'I'ho  grcnt  l«)dy  of  tho  proplu  ore  attnrliod  to  tho  various  iiocts 
b<'liinging  to  the  I'rotcstttiit  laith  :  of  tlieHu  llio  DaptiiitM,  Mtthodif'*, 
i'r«4l>y(tiiaiiN,  and  lOpiHcopuliunH,  stniid  lirHt  us  Ui  niimlKira  Tiierc 
lire  iiIko  iiiiiiiy  Ciilliolies,  UiiiM'rHiiliHtM,  Lutherans,  Uniturijins,  und 
Fi'IukIh,  iir  (Quakers, 

:.'ll.  'I'hi!  United  States  is  a  Federal  Ropiiblic.  Each  state  is  IikK 
pciidt'iit  ill  its  liH'ul  nll'iirs;  but  tlin  defeneu  of  the  eniiiitry,  the  regula. 
Iliiii  of  eiijiimeree,  and  all  the  general  coneerns  of  tho  Union,  are 
uiMi.nitted  by  the  ('oiistitutioa  to  a  general  government. 

91.  The  government  comprises  throe  distinct  pow'irs,  the  Legisla- 
tive, Judicial,  and  Kxocutivo  brunches  :  tho  first  named  power  nmlios 
the  luws,  t)io  second  expounds,  and  the  last  executes  them. 

S9.  'I'ho  Legislativo  power  is  vested  in  a  Congress  consisting  of  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Keprescntutivcs.  The  Senate  consists  of  two 
members  from  each  state,  who  aro  elected  for  six  years,  ono-third  of 
Uio  number  being  changed  every  two  years.  The  members  of  tho 
House  of  Representatives  are  elected  by  the  people  for  two  years. 

123.  The  Judicial  power  is  comiioscd  of  a  Supremo  Court  of  one 
chief  and  eight  associuto  Judges,  who  are  appointed  by  tho  President, 
with  the  advico  and  consent  of  tho  Senate,  and  hold  tlioir  olFices  during 
life  or  good  behaviour. 

24.  Tho  Executive  power  is  vested  in  a  President,  who,  together 
with  tho  Vice-President,  is  chosen  for  four  years  by  electors  from  all 
tho  states,  Tho  principal  subordinate  officers  of  tho  executive  depart- 
ment aro  tho  S<'cretiry  of  State,  of  the  Treasury,  of  War,  and  of  tho 
Navy,  tho  Post-Master  General,  and  the  Attorney-General.  They  aro 
all  removable  at  tho  will  of  tho  President ;  and,  witli  tho  Vice-Presi- 
dent, form  the  Cabinet. 

35.  The  inhabitants  of  tho  United  States  amount  to  at  least  twenty 
millions,  of  which  tho  black  or  coloured  races  form  one-sixth  part.  Ttie 
Indians  number  about  300,00U,  but  are  not  usually  considered  as  for.a 
ing  a  part  of  the  population  of  the  Union. 


Govemmont  7  Of  tho  first  settlers  in  Now  England  7  16,  Established 
Church  ?  19,  To  what  are  tho  great  body  of  the  people  nltuchcd  ? 
What  aro  they  T  30,  What  is  tho  United  States?  31.  What  is  said  of 
the  government?  33.  Of  the  legislative  power  7  House  of  Represent, 
ativoi  ?  Senate  7  23,  Tho  iudicial  power  7  34,  Executive  power  7 
1  he  subordinate  officers  ?    What  do  they  form  7    35.  What  may  tht 


■"»^ 


109 


DRMrnirTivB  aiicHiHAriiY. 


8(1.  Thli  tmnunt.  In  proportion  U>  llio  vmI  UirriU)ry  ovnr  which  it  It 
•nrnait,  ii  ■mall,  r<mi|mrri{  with  tho  ilinno  |xiptil«tion  oC  •omn  of  lJi« 
KiiroiH'nn  «tiil<ii;  but  whim  It  I*  fon»i<l«'rr(l  thnl  Ihu  inhahilanl*  ofthn 
column*  KM)  yimri  nga  niiirib«iri'<l  hut  l.lMlfl.lMKI.  it  prvntiita  tho  inont 
■triking  Inatinco  olrialioiial  growtli  to  ho  (ounti  In  Uio  hulory  ul'muw 

70 

97.  TJio  Tnltrd  ?<tn»p»  wrro  furtwrly  colonic*  or  province*  of  flrciij 
llritiiin.  In  the  year  177.'>  tlicro  were  Ihirlicn  colonirn,  with  a  |>opiilii. 
tlnn  of  nearly  lhri<!  Miillimm  of  |M-oplc.  At  that  tinio  they  look  up  arnia 
ftir  the  pur|H)*o  of  wpiiraliiiit  thirndilvcii  IVoiii  the  niolhcr  loiiiiiry. 

as.  They  wcrii  iniitcd  to  till*  by  iho  injiii'licn  of  (Jrcat  Hrlliiin,  who 
Uxod  tho  iH'oplo  of  tho  colonic*  wilhniil  tli<  ir  ronwiil,  uiiil  puwcd 
varloua  oppreiiiva  law*,  to  whi  jh  tiny  woulrl  not  Niilmiit. 


Baitt*  of  LMlnilon. 

29.  The  firat  battle  between  the  Coloniit*  and  the  Hritl«h  troop*, 
took  place  at  Lexington,  MaimachuBOltii,  April  19th,  1775.  On  tho  4tli 
of  July,  177fi,  they  declared  theinMjIvo*  independent,  under  tho  title  of 
tho  United  Stale*  of  America. 

.1(1.  Tho  cfforU  of  Great  Britain  to  auhduc  tho  country  were  ffreal,' 
and  tho  »tru(fglo  which  cnitucd  waalong  '>'"'  hloodyi  hut  animnteu  by* 
Lvo  of  liberty,  and  led  by  Waiihin(fton  and  other  gallant  and  palriulifl 

iiihabltanU  bo  catimatcd  at  7  The  black*  7  Inditina  7  2f>.  IIow  doe* 
It  compare  with  tho  population  of  ■ome  European  Btalm  7  27.  What 
were  the  United  State*  fl)rmorly  7  When  did  they  take  up  arm*  7 
88  Why  were  they  incited  to  this  7  2!).  Wh'n  and  where  did  tho 
Rrst  battle  take  place  7  VihJ  did  thcv  do  on  Mie  4th  of  July,  177fi7 
30.  What  u  wiid  of  Great  Britain  7    Of  General  Waahington  7    Th« 


[ 


'■ilii 


lY. 

ritnry  ovor  which  It  U 
Utiim  of  w)ni<i  of  t)M 
thu  inhahilanU  of  tha 
irentnU  tha  moat 
in  tlio  hutDry  uf  muw 


it  nr 
inUio 


or  pro^lnrp*  of  nrcnt 

DJOIlil'N,  Witll  n   |MipilllU 

inii!  tlicy  tiKtk  ii|)  iiriiia 
10  iiiotlivr  I'riiintry. 
of  Great  llriliiin,  who 
■  oiriNi'iit,  uiiil  puwi'd 
It  miliiiiit. 


nd  the  Dritiah  troona, 
I9th,  1775.  On  tho4th 
idont,  under  tho  tillo  of 

;Iio  country  were  aroiil,' 
KHiy ;  hut  animnti'u  hy  « 
it'r  gallant  and  palriutic 

idinnii  7  S().  Ilnw  doe* 
poan  Btalm  ?  27.  What 
id  they  tolto  up  arm»  7 
>n  and  wliere  did  tho 
Mie4th  of  July,  1770? 
ral  Wiuhingt«n  7    Th« 


r 


IINITISU   IT  ATM. 


103 


■M*r"<  tho  pt'oplx  of  tha  United  Hialni,  tftrr  •  war  of  sight  juita, 
Itpelled  tlifl  Ilritmli,  ami  oatahlUhod  Uisir  ijidtipandencv. 


Rdlinatlon  of  Otntral  WMMRltan 

.31.  At  the  cloao  of  thn  Rovohitionary  War,  the  American  Army, 
tlioujjh  iuflrerlnu  jf root  privation*,  diabanded,  without  violence  or  di*or. 
der;  and  tho  Coiniaan«l«r.in.Chicf,  (Jonoral  Wafchinsfton,  roaiffnod  the 
almuat  alMohite  |i«wcr  ho  |MMiu»<iH'd  to  tho  authority  that  conferred  it, 
thu*  prcaentinjr  to  tho  world  tho  raro  cwinpio  of  a  preat  military  chief 
do*condin(f  voluntarily  to  tho  rank  of  a  private  cilixcn. 

33.  Tho  Conatitution  of  tho  United  HUto*  wo*  framed  and  adopted 
in  17H!),  and  ha*  liiice  boon  amondud.  It  iccuroi  to  the  jitoplo  tiio 
grand  principle*  of  fVccdoin,  liberty  of  con*cienco  in  mattom  of  roll, 
gion,  lilnirty  of  the  pre**,  trial  bv  jury,  and  tho  right  of  chofwing  and 
of  being  chowin  to  office.  Tho  Pruaidcnl*  of  tho  United  State*  *inc« 
tlio  adoption  of  tho  Con*titution,  are  oa  tollow*  : 


33. 


I.  0«nr|i»  Waihinglon,  of  Vlrjlnla,  from  I7H0  lo  ITOT-M  ytara. 
8.  Jiihn  Ailniiia,                     Mnii.                  171*7  lo  lWI-4 
'■  '''hnmaaJeniirxin,  Virginia,  •  

Virginia, 

Virilnia. 

Mkm. 

Tt'nni.'»iM"(), 

Ni-w  Yurk, 

Ohio, 

Viminia, 

Tl'llllPWI!*, 


4.  Jams*  Madiinii, 

.1,  Jame*  Moiinif, 

0.  John  Uulncy  Adama, 

7.  Andrew  Jackkin, 

8.  Mnrtin  Van  Hiir«n, 
0.  Win.  Henry  llarriaon 

10.  John  Tyler, 

11.  Jaiuua  k.  Polk, 


Mil  In  IHOO-H 
IH)II  to  IHI7-H 
IHI7  to  IMM-H 
i»i!i  (o  IfjU-^ 
IH'W  to  IH37-8 
IH.t7  to  l*m-4 
li'il  one  month. 
IMII  to  lb4a-4year«. 
IMS 


people  of  the  United  State*  7  31.  The  American  army  7  The  com- 
mander  in  chief  7  32.  Tho  Constitutinn  ?  What  doe*  it  *ocure  to  th« 
iHjopIo  7  33.  How  many  PrcsidontH  Iwvo  there  been  7  Who  were  from 
Virginia?  M ansachuHott* 7  Tenneasoo  7  Now  York?  Ohio  7  How 
many  vear*  did  oaoli  Hervo  t 


tiucttirrivit  owKiHM'iiv. 


N..Y.,  N..J..  Pa.,  lit. 

Md.,v..,N.x;.,i.x;,,o«nn. 


Map  N».  5.— How  •!•  lh«  tJiiltod  iUtei  bmind«at 

On  Uiu  North  f  iIki  HuiUh  1  the  K»it '  th"  WmU 

Wh«»  !•  itiii  e»|tit«l  of  llm  I'nUoU  Huu* '    Wn. 

'm.  caiMUl.  of  counlrir..  II...  .d.oUt  will  prrc«i»«  by  tJ-.  «.|.UnM 

II,  .nd  II...  r.p!uU  ..r  •••l««  ""  M.p«  N....  4  .lid  4.  .r«  m.di.  by  • 
•iniill  rliiB  or  cIrnU  with  •  dot  In  il..>  i»i.iai«  ol  it. 
Which  tr«  th«  kU  Kwlern  Hutc.  f    M«..  N.  II.,  Vt,  M...  R^I,  U 
Point  out  Ihoir  ctpitttU. 
Wl.l.h  »r«  th«  (bur  Mlddlo  Blaloit 
ru.iil  out  tl.clr  ckpltaU. 
Wliifh  iiro  lli«  tun  Soulhurn  IH»lo« ' 
Aa.,  Ml.,  I't.,  Ti. 
Point  out  their  Mpltali.  .      ..      ,      i     n- 

Wl...  h  «r«  th«  ton  Wc.Urn  8l»l«^ »    As.,  To.,  Ky.,  Mo.,  U,  U.,  Oo-, 
Mn.,  VVi...  U. 
Point  out  thvir  cipllnU. 

Which  urothoTorrit-rioi?    Wn.,  !».,  In.,  Mo.,  On, 
Th.  now  Hl«U'.  of  Wi.oon.in  and  low.,  fi.rm.d  in  »f<f.  ''^P''*' 
portion,  of  tl.0  Tcrritorio.  of  lh.>  .*.no  n.n,« ;  the  '--;"»'"'i'' "^,^7^ 
Vcrritoric.  ni.y  .till  bo  con.idorcd  .>  di.Uncl  dutricU,  but  .ro  yet 
wiUiout  oruanixod  go»trmnuiil». 
How  m.n¥  8Uto»  tro  thcro  1    How  mwiy  Tciritorio.  T 
Bc»lde.  the  Hlatc.  and  T.rritorini.  thrro  i.  Iho  [»i.trict  "f  t'"™''' 
whW.  conlni....  the  ...l  of  t;u»c.r«.n.M,t.  ...  ih.t  ibo  whol.  ol  tha  divl- 
tioni  of  tho  United  8taU.  are  3(»  In  nuinbar. 


L.  Michigan  ?•     I-  Eric  Tt 
L.  of  Uio  Wood.  J    Toll  tbe  ^ng*'*  o' 


Whf^re  it  lake  Superior?    L.  Huron? 
^.  Onliirlo?    L.Champlaln?{ 
Mch  Lake.  ,     «     r'- 

Which  two  aro  wholly  in  the  United  Stale. T    Mn.,  Cn. 

Whore  i.  Manitoulino   Lake?     ^'^^'^'^J^'J^'Tt^XIiil 
r.n.i.couata  L.  ?     L.  Memphr.ma^oB  ?§ ,, '';  0^°  ""/rh^M  „7..' JJ^^ 

L.7    Winnebago  L.?     Flat  Bow  L. »     Kullu.pohn  L.  ? 


•  Miehigan,  Miih'.e.gan.        t  Erit,  E  -re. 
>lanc.      ^mmphramogog,  M.-m-fta-ma-gog'. 
tM.trano'.        '  Si.  Cnti*.  Saiut  Crof. 


I  PtnUhartrtin,  f  uo- 


I 


III 

t. 

Buiva  by  tli«  e«|>Un«» 

hi  nmull  oiui  •nmrxl 

lid  5,  •f«  i"»<*«  ''y  • 

t. 

I,  Vl,  M...  R-I,Cll 

-J..  !•».,  D«. 

Ky.,  Mo.,  In,  l«i Oo., 


o.,  On. 

ud  In  1840,  oomprlw 
he  rt'iiiaiiiilor  ol'  itw" 
(lialricU,  bul  »ra  ycl 

itriioriei? 

»  D'ntricl  of  Columbia, 
Ihe  whole  of  ihe  divi- 


liohlgan  1"     I-  Eric  Tt 
s  7    TiiU  Ihe  knglU  ol 

Mn.,  Cn. 
L.  T  Che«uncook  L.? 
Seorger  L.  OWce-clm- 
,  L.  1  The  Mi"i"ipi" 
t  lledL.?  SuCroU' 
pohn  L.t 

t  ChampUin,  Hhnm' 
I  i>»iileAartr«ia,  Poo- 


tmiTUU  ITATI 


TS. 


lOft 


I 


M«p  St.  3.— Wliore  !•  PuMiimit'iO'Hlily  Iky  1  P«>noh«piil  B.  f 
II.  I    Nfw  York  11.  t    l)Hliiw»ri<  li. '    ('lir.ii,M'»ki<  II.  I   Clmtliam  Ef 
T«m|Mll.r    AMiukM*ftf    frnxtroU  II.  /    Mob(kttB.t    BUak 
!!  ?  H.r..t,.rUlU  OchMtaaB.}  M.t.H<.r.U  1).  f  bpirMa  MmIa  & T 

.Sll<  ITU    II.   / 

<  In  tli<i  Urritt  lAk.a,  where  U  Miginiiw  1),  1  Ttiunditr  B.  7  Ure«n  11. 1 
W'JK-rs  U  I.iinst  laUnd  Mound  '     Al.icinarin  H.  1     i'ltailicu  H,  I 
llow  MKiiiy  niilge  lonir  Me  eitcli  of  ihcae  t  eUo  CtMMpKake  Oaf  f** 

Where  ii  ihe  MlMJHippI  Rivrr  T    Whrra  rfo<!»  it  t\u>  7 

Wlioro  due*  II  cm|ily  1     llow  many  inili'4  Iuiik  ii  It } 

What  lire  it*  rhit-f  trihutarivx,  end  tlirir  Ii'mkIIi*  1 

WUeti  i«  lliii  MinDoiiri  River'  Yiliow  Htmin  K.r  |li|f  Horn  R.T 
I'l.itl.'  t  nt  .Ni  hriikii  |{.  1  KniKuit  R.  t  Arkunou*  H. '  (  lui  idldii  R. t 
KmlH.  r  OHiiiruH. ;  !)•  x  Mnint*  K.  7  Ht.  i'vttr'*  R.  f  Wi«uun*tn 
HJ    Rork  R.7    lllinoutR.r 

Wli'Tf  U  till' Waliiinh  R.?  IMniinicA  R.  T  Ohio  R.  7  Alloghaay 
R.  7  Mimiinifriiiclii  li.  f  Knnnwiin  R. '  ('iiiiitic-rlund  It.  7  Titinciaoe 
l(.  I    W'liitu  It.  1    \V»xhlt.k  II  It.  7     YiuiH)  It.  7 

VVIivro  i»  tlio  Rio  (trnndo  dii  Norlo  7     NiiocfK  R. 
Ilriu..*  R.  7     Trinity  R.  7     Hal.ina  K.  7     IVarl  R.  7 
Aliibuina  H.7    Chftttahoochtu  R.  7     Kt.  John'*  R.  7 
it.  7    Hiiviinniili  R.7     Niintii)  R,  7      Urrat  IVdio  R. 
V.imot   R.7     Tur  R.7      R.mnol-.o  R.  7      Jnnic*  R. 
.SuKi|uulianna  R.  7     llilawnro  It.  7     lludaonk.  7     Molmwk  R.  7 

Win  TO  i<(  tlio  Hi.  Lnwrcnco  R.7  C'onnt'dicul  R.  I  Murrirnaok  R.I 
lu:nnub<.'c  It.  7    I'onobiicot  It.  7    Ht.  John'*  It.  7     Mu. 

Whore  I*  tho  Oregon  or  ('ilunibia  It,  7  Lnvvi*  R.  7  (Hurk**  R  7 
I'razrr'i  R.  7    Klaiiiol  R.  7    Tell  how  long  each  of  lh<;«o  rivun  ii. 

Whcro  ii  Cane  Cod  7  C.  Malaliar  7  C.  Clia  lo*  7  C.  Ilonry  J  C 
I  Ixtlcru*  7  C,  Fear  7  C.  Lookout  7  C.  Canntvoral  7  C,  Sable  7  C 
Ri)inan»7    C.  St.  Dla*7** 

Whuro  i*  Mt.  Ik'iort  I*laml  7  Nantucket  I.  7  Miirtlm**  Vineyard  f 
Long  L  7     Florida  Rcofk  7    Thcie  arc  low  windy  inland*. 

Where  are  tho  Tortugaji  iMland*  7  Maniloulinu  tt  la!a»7  Grand  L 7 
I.  RoyiLlo7  Tho  A|io«tlv»  f  Tho  fiiiir  lojit  nro  in  tho  (iroat  Lake& 
Whore  ia  Quadra  and  Vancouver'*  Island  7     How  long  i*  it  7 

•  Apalaehei,  Ap-a-laah-e'.  t  MMU,  Mo-boel'.  I  Plait*,  Plat 

li'lUinoii,  Ill-e-noy'.  |  Wmkita,  Wajh-e.Uw'.  T  Ntuit.  Nune. 

<•  Si.  BUit,  Saint  Blaw'      t  Ma%iioui\u*,  Mau-etuMin. 
O 


,7    Col.^ido  R.7 

Toiiiliighy  R.7 

Fa. — AIntuMiaha 

,7     V.  F.ur  K.7 

,7     rntoniuo  R.t 


'., 


106 


DEiicnirrivB  oeoorapi'V. 


TlicirlfiiKtli 
While  MU.  7 


Mnp  m.  5.-  -V.litrc  Ir  Mt.  Hainicr*  !    Mt.  8U  Helen.  ?    Mt.  Hood ) 
Mt.  JcftetBon  ?     Mt.  Olymimi't  7 
How  liig  >  nro  the  two  first  7 
Whcrou.-.  lhoUockyMtH.7    Huw  long  arc  Uicy  ' 
Where  is  I'Vcmonf.  Peak?    Long'. 7      Fikc'i'     How  )ngh   arc 

Uiey?  .    ,   .  ,., 

Where  arc  the  Ozark  Mts.,  nnd  what  is  their  height? 
Wi.c.c  arc  tlio  Cumberland  Mts.  7    Alleghany  Ml«. 7 
■nd  height  7 

Whcr".  \n  the  nine  Ridge  7     HI  le  Mts.  7    Green  MtH.  7 
Black  HillH  ?    Where  is  Ulaok  Mt.  7  &c.  &.c.  7 

The  th.'ce  nutcs  7    The  three  Tctons  7    'l'h.>  last  arc  si.id  by  son.u 
to  Ttho  hiKheHt  .nonnluins  in  the  United  Slates;  but  this  is  uneer- 
tain.    Fremont's  TcaK  is  liic  higliest  known. 

Wl-ero  is  tho  South  Pass  7    This  'cniarl^ablo  Pass  is  a  fP  °^;j?°"| 
20  milcj  wide,  in  the  R.Ksky  Mountains.    It  forms  a  most  convenient 
passage  for  travellers  to  and  from  Oregon.  .....     . 

Wha«  seven  Cities  in  the  United  Stales  number  30,000  inhabitant* 
a„d«pwards7     Bn.,  N.-Y.,  Ay.,  Pa.,  Be.,  Ci.,  N  .Os 

What  eight  Cities  number  from  20,000  to  30,000  7    LI.,  Pc,  Rr.. 
Wn.,  Lc.,  Ud.,  Pp.,  Cn.  ,    ^       „  ,, 

What  twelve  Ciiios  have  from  10,000  to  20,000  7    Pd.,  Sm..  N.-Hn., 
Ty.,  Ua.,  Bo.,  Nk.,  S.-Ls.,  Nk.,  Pg.,  Sh.,  Mc. 
How  for  is  it  from  Now  Jersey  to  Portugal  ? 
From  New  Jersey  to  tho  Azores  7 
From  Chcsapcak  .  Bay  to  Portugal  7 
From  Capo  Hatteraa  to  tho  Strait  of  Gibraltar  1 
From  Charleston  to  Madeira  7     I'rom  Savannah  to  Bermuda  7 
From  Florida  to  Morocco  7     From  Florida  to  tho  Canary  Island.  7 
How  long  and  wide  is  tho  Atlantic  Ocean  7 
Tho  Gulf  of  Mexico?  tho  Pacific  Ocean?— S««  Map  No.  5. 
Map  of  Ihe  Learnt. '$  ou, '  !state.—ln  what  State  do  you  live  7    Is  .t 
one  cftho  Eastern,  Middle,  bouthorn,  or  Western  States  7  How  is  your 
state  bo-  vied?     What  river.  h.s  it;    Tel' what  they  arc.    D«>»  it 
^ntain  u      mountain.?    If  so,  what  arc  they  called?     Is  your  State 
Tnko  sea-coast,  or  in  tlio  interior,  at  a  distance  from  it?    Docs  it  con. 
Uini^rCa,»  Sounds.  Islands,  or  Capes?  What  is  tho Camtalo 

Slate  ?  What  i.  the  Capital  of  a  State  ?  269,  pugo  3i  Ii  wha 
°ounty  cio  vou  live  ?  Point  it  out  on  the  n>.ap.  ^ow  i.  it  bounded  . 
Hmv  long  and  wide  is  it?  You  con  tell  this  b,  .0  scJ-^  of  mile.. 
What  is  a  County  7    266. .. 


>  Raitier,  Ray-neor'. 


t  Olympui,  Ol-imp'-ui 


-  v*»<iHMnlw*i'<g««  t'W^aiy 


mam 


PMY. 


SuHcloniit    Mt.IIoo<H 


ro  tlicy  ' 

dike's'     How  Ingh  arc 

cir  licight  7 

lanyMU?    TlicirlunKil' 

rccnMtB.7    \VhitoMt».7 

'111)  lust  arc  wild  by  Boniu 
lutes;  but  this  in  unccr- 

bio  Pmb  is  a  gap  orabont 
L  forms  a  most  convunicnt 

lumber  30,000  inhabitants 

.,  N..Os. 

to  30,000  7    LU  Pc.i  Hr., 

0,0007    Pd.,  Sm.,  N.-Hn., 
111? 


raltar  7 

vannah  to  Bermuda  7 

la  to  tho  Canary  Islands  1 

!l7 

7— Se«  Map  No.  5. 
at  State  do  you  live  7  Ib  .t 
•stern  States  7  How  is  your 
;!'  what  they  arc.  Does  it 
hey  called  7  Is  your  State 
(inco  from  it?  Does  it  con. 
What  is  tho  Capital  of  your 
•269,  pugo  3S.  lu  what 
map.  ^ow  is  it  bounded  * 
this  by  .  -.0  bc uli  of  mileii 

Jlympui,  Ol-imp'-ui 


T 


•mmm^^fn^ 


BASTERN    STATES. 

EASTERN  STATES. 


107 


SO- 


1.  The  Eastern  or  New  England  States,  nro  situated 
eastward  of  the  Hudson  river.  They  are  Maine,  Now 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Con- 
necticut. 

f\  The  surface  of  New  England  is  greatly  varied  ;  much 
01  tho  soil  IS  good,  yet,  m  general,  it  requires  diligent  cultiva- 
tion,  and  compels  the  farmer  to  use  considerable  indu&trv  to 
procunfl  good  crops.  ^ 

3.  Horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  hogs,  are  reared  in  im»l 
numbers ;  and  grass,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley, 
lux,  and  hemp,  are  extensively  cultivated.  Tho  principal 
Iruits  are  apples,  pears,  poaches,  plums,  &c. 

4.  The  manufactures  of  the  f:astern  States  ore  very  ex 
tensive,  and  embrace  a  great  variety  of  articles.  Tho  cotton 
and  woolen  factories  employ  numerous  individuals,  and  a 

Neu,Enirhnd  Q-l.\Vhioh  are  the  New  England  .tato.  7    8.* 
W  a    ,8  Baid  of  the  surface  and  soil  7     What  docs  it  require?    3 
What  are  rcured  in  groat  numbrrs  7     What  is  extensively  cultivated  7 
Which  ui>  the  principd  fruits  7  4,  What  h  «id  of  tho  manufactiue.  » 


iOS 


DE8CRIPTIVB  OEOGBAPHY. 


w 


lari/o  amount  of  capital.  Since  tho  iTitinufactunng  system 
has  prevuilcil,  this  part  of  the  United  States  lias  mcrcased 
rapidly  in  population  and  weallli.  Uail-roads  are  numerous 
and  well  conducted. 

5.  The  New  EnglanJcrs  arc  extensively  engaged  in  com- 
merce, and  in  the  cod,  mackerel,  and  whale  fisheries,  which 
train  great  numbers  of  c.\[ierienccd  and  intrepid  seamen. 

C.  The  itilml)itnntH  of  the  Eastern  Slates  are  almost  exclusively  of 
uniui.xccl  Eiifrlisli  origin ;  nnd,  i'roni  the  eailicst  Bctllrincnt  of  tlitir  coun- 
try,  havo  been  used  to  hubits  of  iniluslry,  economy,  and  cnlurpriBC. 

7.  They  liiivo  always  been  a  rcliRi.,M.,  people.  Anionp  them  tho 
Sibbath  IS  strictly  olmorvcd,  and  all  classes  generally  attend  public 
wcrship.  It  is  considered  disreputable  for  a  man  to  have  no  religious 
belief;  and  thoro  arc  few  individuals  who  are  not  connected  with  some 
religious  society. 

8,  Education  Is  more  general  than  in  ony  other  part  of  tlio  world ; 
and  large  funds  have  been  tot  apart  by  the  dilTorent  Slate  Legislatures 
ibr  tho  support  of  common  chools.  It  is  rare  to  find  m  any  part  of 
tlic  Eastern  States,  j.rr-^'ins  jf  mature  age,  who  a  » ignorant  ot  reading, 
writing,  and  arithmetic. 


■81. 


9.  Institutions  of  learning  were  established,  at  aii  early 
period,  by  the  first  settlers  of  New  England ;  some  of  which, 
at  the  present  day,  ore  among  the  most  respectable  and  efli- 
cient  in  tho  Union.  Miiny  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in 
tho  United  States  have  been  educated  at  Harvard  and  Yale 
Colleges. 

10.  Tho  people  of  New  England  were,  at  an  early  period,  noted  for 
tlieir  republican  principles,  and  were  the  fiiflt  to  resist  tho  tyranny  of 
the  British  Government.  Tho  destruction  of  tho  tea  in  Boston  liai- 
bour,  and  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Bunker's  Hill,  were  among  the 
first  events  that  led  to  tlie  indepci  dencc  of  tlio  United  States. 


5.  What  are  the  New  Englanders  engaged  in  7  6.  What  are  the  in. 
habitanU  7  To  what  have  they  been  trained  7  7.  What  have  tho  in. 
habitants  always  been  7  What  do  all  classes  generally  attend  7  Whot 
is  considered  disreputable?  8.  What  is  said  cf  public  instruction  7 
'What  is  rare  to  find 7 

9.  What  was  established  at  an  early  period?  \^hat  are  they  at 
tlie  present  day  7  10.  For  what  wcro  they  noted  7  What  were  tht  y 
tJie  first  to  resist?  Wliat  were  the  first  evenu  that  led  to  Uio  inde 
pendcnce  of  the  United  States? 


ly  ■>''!■  "^ 


lufucturing  system 
ates  Ims  increased 
uds  are  numerous 

!  engaged  in  com- 
ilo  lisheries,  wliicli 
trepid  seamen. 

aliiioHt  exclusively  of 
ttlriiicntof  llit'ir  coun- 
iiy,  und  cnlurpriBC. 
Ic.  Anionp  llicm  tlio 
:ncrally  uUend  pulilic 
n  to  Imvc  no  rdigiouH 
t  connected  willi  Homo 

icr  part  of  tlio  world ; 

rent  State  LogivlaturcH 

to  find  in  any  part  of 

a  ignorant  ot  reading, 


lishcd,  at  an  early 
nd;  some  orwl\icli, 
respectable  and  efll- 
istinguishcd  men  in 
Harvard  and  Yale 


early  period,  noted  for 
)  resist  tho  tyranny  of 
iho  tea  in  Boston  iiat- 
8  Hill,  were  among  tlie 
United  States. 


6.  What  are  the  in. 

7.  What  have  tho  in. 
morally  attend  7    Whot 

cf  public  instruction  7 

d7  What  are  they  at 
ed  7  What  wero  tht  y 
8  that  led  to  Uio  inde 


EASTERN    STATBS. 


109 


Ilirvurd  Uiiiviraity, 


Map  Ao.  8.— Which  arc  tho  New  England  Statei  7  Mo.,  N.-H.,  Vt, 
..m!  ?■•'•'. C''  —  W"«h  extend*  farthest  north  and  ctt»t7  IVIo,— 
Which  farthest  south  and  west  7    Ct,  -  Which  is  tho  largest  state  7 

iiZ  ""  *'''*^°"'^  '"  "'**''"'  '  ^*-  ~  ''''"'■«'  '  N.-H.  —  Fourth  7  Ms. 
-I-ifth?  Ct- Smallest  7  R..I._  These  states  extend  from  lati. 
tudo  41  degrees  to  48.  _  How  many  degrees  of  latitude  then  do  they 
mcludo  7  1  hoy  extend  east  and  west  from  3J  degrees,  to  10  oast  lonffi. 
tude  from  Washington, -How  many  degrees  then  of  longitude  do 
they  include?  Which  is  the  largest  river  in  Now  England  7  Ct.— 
Uio  next?  Pt  _  What  river  is  partly  in  Maine  and  partly  in  New- 
Brunswick  7  S.-Js.- How  long  arc  these  rivers  7  Which  is  tho 
largest  lake  wholly  in  the  Eastern  States  7  Md.  -  How  long  is  it  7 
—What  lake  IS  partly  in  New  England  and  partly  in  the  Btute  Ivini? 
west  of  It  7  Cn.  -  How  long  is  this  lake  7  Lake  Champlain  is  navf. 
gable  for  vessels  of  largo  burthen.  During  tho  war  of  tho  Revolution, 
and  that  of  1818,  naval  battles  were  fought  upon  it.  Commodore 
M  Donough's  victory,  m  which  the  whole  British  fleet  wos  captured 

Now  England?  Wn.— Which  is  the  next  highest?  Kn.-Tho  next? 
Md.  — How  high  arc  each  of  these  mountains  7  —  Which  are  the 
three  principal  Islands  in  New  England  7  M..Dt.,  Nt.,  M  -Vd  —Which 
state  has  the  greatest  extent  of  sea-coast?  Me. -Which"  has  tho 
smallest  7  N.-H.-Which  has  no  sea.coast  7  Vt-How  many  miloa 
IS  It  from  Maine  to  Nova  Scotia  7  —  To  Spain  7  — To  Circassia?  — 
From  Massachusetts  to  Italy  7  -  To  Turkey  7  -  From  Long  Island 
fl  Greece  7  In  what  year  did  tho  Pilgrims  emigrate  to  Now  Englond  T 
What  was  the  name  of  the  vessel?  Mr. -How  many  miles  ii  it 
from  Boston  to  Halifax  7    To  Liverpool  7    Total  distance  ? 


f 


^i 


110 


DFSCnirTlVE   GEOOKAPHY. 
MAINE. 


Lumber  Yiril,  ke. 


1.  Maine  comprises  about  onc-half  of  the  area  of  New 
England.  Before  the  year  1820,  it  formed  a  part  of  the  State 
of  Massachusetts,  under  the  title  of  the  District  of  Mame.  . 

2  The  soil  is  various ;  much  of  it  is  fertile,  but  in  general 
it  is  better  adapted  for  grazing  than  tillage.    One  of  the  clue 
products  is  lumber,  of  which  there  was  cut  and  sawed  m  1B4U, 
to  the  amount  of  near  two  million  dollars. 

3  The  coast  is  remarkably  indented  with  bays  and  har- 
bours, affording  great  facilities  for  commerce  and  the  fisheries, 
which  the  inhabitants  have  not  failed  to  improve. 

4  They  are  also  largely  engn^d  in  ship-building  and 
navigation,  and  export  vast  quantities  of  lumber,  fish,  bce(, 
iiork;  grain,  &c. ;  together  with  a  considerable  amount  of  ice- 
to  the  West  Indies  and  the  Southern  States. 

6  By  a  partial  construction  of  the  treaty  of  1783,  nearly 
a  third  part  of  Maine  was  long  claimed  by  Great  Britain. 
In  the  year  1842,  a  treaty  was  formed,  by  which  the  boundary 

Maine  Q  —1.  What  does  Maine  comprige  7  What  did  it  form  ^iptitf 
of  before  1820 1  2.  What  i»  said  of  the  soil  ?  3.  Of  the  coojt  7  4  Wha, 
arc  the  export.  7    5.  What  power  long  claimed  one-third  of  Mowo 


n 

V 

s, 
til 

.0 

lo 

cc 
ai 
H 
Ci 
in 
Ci 
th 


A 

m 

in 


W 

P( 

vv 


til 


the  area  of  New 
a  purt  of  the  State 
strict  of  Maine,  . 

tile,  but  in  general 

One  of  the  chief 

>nd  sawed  in  1840, 

'ith  bays  and  har- 
0  and  the  fisheries, 
iprove. 

ship-building  and 
lumber,  fish,  bcefi 
iblc  amount  of  ice- 
s. 

ty  of  1783,  nearly 

by  Great  Britain. 

vhich  the  boundary 

I'^hat  did  it  form  a  paiC" 
)f  the  const  7  4.Whui 
i  one-third  of  Maine 


MAINE,    NEW  nAMFB'MRE.  Ill 

hno  was  established,  and  the  British  cliiitn  much  restricfod. 
The  right  to  navigato  the  river  St.  John's  to  the  sea  was  also 
obtained  by  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

6.  Audita,  tho  capital,  is  on  tlio  Kennebec  river,  50  mile*  fVom  ita 
mouth  !  It  contains  a  hnndxoint'  Slate  Houhc,  of  granite,  and  a  United 
Satca'  AfRuniil.  Portland,  on  t"a»co  Hay,  is  tho Tartrcit  and  nuMt  ini. 
portant  town  in  tho  itato;  it  in  well  laid  out,  and  handvomcly  built, 
uiid  hoa  an  cxtunnivo  foreign  and  coasting  trado, 
'  7.  Bungor,  on  tho  Pcnobncot  river,  50  niilca  from  tho  aoa,  haa  trebled 
ittt  iMjpulaliun  ninco  1830.  Its  triido  in  lumber  in  very  cxtenaive.  Bath 
i-t  noted  for  itn  xliip.buildini;,  luid  'i'houiasltm  for  ita  cxporta  of  limo, 
nmrblo,  and  granite.  Gardini:r,  llalloweli,  UaBtiwrt,  Uelfant,  Bruut 
wick,  BriBtol,  Saco,»  Weils,  and  York,  aro  uU  (lourinhing  towns. 

Map  No.  8. — What  country  bounds  Maine  on  tho  cost?  X.-Bk.— 
On  tho  wcHt  7  C.  Et.  and  N.  II.  —What  ocoiin  on  tho  south  7  Ac.  — 
Which  aro  tho  fivo  principal  rivors  that  flow  into  tho  Atlantic  Ocean  7 
S.-Cx.,  Pt.,  Ko.,  An.,  3o.  How  long  arc  they  7  — What  river  rises  lu 
tlio  centre  of  Maine  ond  Hows  into  Now  Brunswick  7  S..Jg,  How 
.ongf  ia  it  7— Which  aro  tho  tlir.  t.  princiiral  Lakes  7  Md.,  Ck.,  Gd.  Uov 
long  aro  tlio  two  first? — Tho  principal  mountain,  and  its  height?  Kn. 
—Tho  largest  island  7  M..Dt.  —Which  is  tho  most  eastern  county  7 
Wn.— Tho  most  western?  Od.— The  most  southorn?  Yk.— In  what 
county,  end  on  what  river,  is  the  capital  situated  7  Kc,  Kc— Which 
are  the  four  largest  towns,  and  their  population  7  Pd.,  Br.,  Aa.,  Tn.— 
How  many  miles  is  it  from  Maine  to  Nova  Scotia  7  To  spain  7  To 
Circaasia?  What  boundary  in  tho  northern  part  of  the  state  ?  What 
in  the  middle  ?  What  boundary  formerly  separated  tho  stoto  from 
Canada  East  What  boundary  extends  from  L.  Pohonosramook  to 
the  N.  W.  branch  of  tlie  St.  John's  7 

83 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1.  New  Hampshire  is  often  called  the  Switzerland  of 
America,  on  account  of  its  beautiful  and  varied  scenery,  its 
•mountains,  lakes,  rivers,  cascades,  &c.  It  is  also  called  tho 
granite  state,  from  the  great  quantities  of  that  rock  found 
in  it. 

8.  The  sea-coast  of  New  Hampshire  is  only  18  miles  it 

What  occurred  in  the  year  1848  ?    6.  What  is  said  of  Augusta  T    O* 
Portland  7    7.  Of  Bangor  ?  and  the  other  towns  7 

New  Hampikire.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  New  Hampshire  often  called 
Why?  By  what  other  name  also?  Why?   8.  What  is  said  of  tlie  se* 

•  Saeo,  Saw'-co 


119 


DBlCRimVB  OEOORAPIIY. 


extent,  nnd  it  ha«  but  a  mnall  Hhiiro  of  commiTce;  but  it  in 
dislin^uishe.!  for  iU  productive  agriculture  and  ilourwhing 
manufactures. 

a  The  country  on  the  coast  is  level ;  in  the  interior,  the 
,urfkco  is  greatly  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys,  and  moun- 
tains  of  considerable  height. 


WhiM  Mountuni. 


Among  these  ore  the  White  Mountains,  the  most  elevated 
of  any  in  New  England.  They  are  distinguished  by  the 
names  of  Washington,  Franklin,  Adams,  JeOerson,  Madison, 

Monroe,  &c. 

4.  The  White  Mountains  are  covered  with  mow  for  ten  monthi  in 
the  Tear,  and  are  seen  ftom  a  great  distance  at  aea.  The  wild  and 
•ublime  character  of  the  acenery  cauaea  them  to  bo  often  vwited. 

5  Concord,  the  capital  of  the  state,  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mer. 
rimaok  river;  it  is  a  plpasant  and  flourishing  town,  and  contains  the 
State  House,  SUte  Prison,  and  other  buildings.  It  is  connected  with 
Boston  by  a  rail-road.  Portsmouth,  the  only  soa-port  in  the  sluic,  <■ 
jn  the  Piscataqua  river,  three  miles  firom  ».ho  sea.  It  has  a  fine  bar 
hour,  and  conUins  a  United  States'  Navy-Yurd. 

6.  At  Hanover,  is  Dartmouth  college,  a  respectable  and  flourishing 
iiMtituUon.    Dover,  Somersworth,  New  Market,  Ezoter,  Nashua,  and 


Agriculture  and  Manufactures  7    3.  What  ia 
The  White  Mountains  T    How  are  they  distin- 

Describe 
What  is 


ooaitT    Commerce? 

•aid  of  the  country  T     _  ,    .       «        •  •.  j »      e 

ruishedt  4.  What  causes  them  to  be  often  vwitcd  7  5, 
Copcord.  Portsmouth.  6.  Where  is  Dartmouth  Ck)Uoge  7 
oid  of  Dover  and  other  towna  7 


I' 


MMBJF'iMmMm 


mintTcc;  but  it  i* 
ro  and  11ouri»hing 

n  the  interior,  the 
'alloys,  and  moun- 


,  the  most  elevated 
istinguished  by  the 
Jeflerson,  Madiaon, 

low  for  ten  monthi  in 
t  lea.  The  wild  and 
>  he  often  visited, 
right  bank  of  the  Mer> 
)wn,  and  contains  th« 
It  is  connected  with 
la-port  in  the  stitie,  '■ 
a.    It  has  a  fine  har 

cctiiblo  and  flourishing 
t,  Ezoter,  Nashua,  and 

factures  7    3.  What  ia 

How  are  they  distin- 

vtsitcd?     5.  Describe 

uth  CoUoge  T    Whmt  if 


I 


VKHMONT.  113 

Manchnstcr,  are  all  largely  cn|;n|;rd   in   manufncttircs,     Haverhill, 
LaiicosUir,  Aiiihorst,  and  Kovnn,  are  thriving  towns. 

Map  No.  H. — WImt  river  nrparitttm  Now  IlnrnpHhirn  from  Vermont? 
Ct.  —  How  long  in  il7  — Whnt  river  nms  throiii;h  the  ('rntro  of  the 
Hliito  ?  Mk.«  —  How  long  is  it  7  —  WImt  lake  flows  into  it  ?  Wn,  — 
How  long  it  it  7  —  What  moimtains  aro  in  ('oos  county  7  Wo. — 
Which  is  the  principal  7  Wn.  —  How  high  is  it  7  —  Which  is  the 
principnl  town  and  its  population  7  T'h. — The  Capital  and  IIk  popula- 
tion? Cd.  — On  what  river  is  ('oncord?  Mk.  —  Wliich  is  the  nios 
northern  county?  Cs.  — The  three  most  southern  cnuntius  7  Cu., 
Hh.,  Rm. —  In  what  county  is  the  Capitall  Mk.  —  What  counties 
contain  each  two  county  towns?  Km.,  Sd.,  Gn.  (County  towns  are 
distinguished  by  a  ring  with  a  dot  in  it.) 


84 


VERMONT. 


Raft  on  Lakt  Chtmplaln. 


1.  Verhont  is  a  mountainous  but  healthful  and  productive 
state.    The  Green  Mountains,  from  which  it  derives  its  name, 
extend  through  it  from  North  to  South,  dividing  it  into  tw 
nearly  equal  sections. 

2.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  all  kinds  of  grain,  suited  to  the 
climate,  are  produced  in  abundance.    Cattle  of  various  kinds 

Fcrmont.  Q.  —  1.  MHtat  is  Vermont  ?    What  is  said  of  the  Green 

*  This  river  i«  formed  by  the  Pemigowasset  and  Winnipbeggee 
The  latter  ia  ttw  outlet  of  the  lake  of  that  name 
P 


il4  DBKt'RiPTiVB  orxmRAriiv. 

are  rained  with  unut  liuility ;  tin-  bw  f,  butter,  nnd  i,Ji00ii«, 
uro  well  known  lor  their  exeelli  iire,  and  wtjol  i8  an  ihijKirtani 
product. 

3.  This  Htato  is  entirely  in  the  interior,  yet,  by  Lake  C;hum- 
plain,  and  tho  Canal  of  the  Nairn?  nainn,  steani-lxuilH  and 
other  vesaeis  huvo  brought  its  territory  into  connection  with 
tbu  sea. 

4.  Piirt  "f  tlio  triiilo  of  Vermont  (foi »  hy  t)io  cniml  tr)  Alliuny,  and 
port  <lowii  Liikc  Clmmplain  to  Montreal.  Immciino  raftx  of  linilHr, 
containing  Iiouxuh  for  lodKini;  the  crcw«,  am  nllin  Bocn  (ailing  up  tli* 
Iftko  lowarili  tJio  canal,  on  their  way  to  Albany,  and  tlio  lownii  on  tli* 
Hudson. 

5.  Tho  territory  forniinflf  thin  Btntn  wm  flrrt  explored  by  tho  French 
from  Canada,  hut  waN  Hrtll*'d  hy  tho  Kn)(li»h  nioru  than  a  hundred  yraru 
ego.  Durin^r  thu  revolutionary  war,  Virnionl  oeled  a  connpieuoun  part, 
and  tho  nan<t>  of  Circien  Mountain  Hoy»,  acquired  hy  llio  bravery  of  her 
■otdieri,  has  over  been  regarded  oi  a  title  of  renown. 

6.  Montpolicr,  tho  capital  of  the  itatc,  in  a  neat  littlo  town  on  th« 
Onion  river.  Burlin|;ton  i*  tho  larj^rgt  placo  in  tho  state,  and  the  most 
commercial  town  on  Lako  Champlain.  It  contain!  tho  Univcriity  of 
Vermont,    Thit  place  i»  38  milc«  went  from  Montpelier. 

7.  Bennington,  in  tho  ■outhwest  corner  of  tho  State,  it  celebrated 
for  tho  victory  obtained  by  General  Strxrk,  in  1777,  over  a  detachment 
of  Honian*  belonging  to  Burgoyno'a  army. 

8.  Middlebury  aiid  Rutland,  on  Otter  creek,  and  Brattleboro',  Nor. 
wioh,  and  WiuJgor,  on  tho  Connecticut  river,  uro  amall  but  HouriHhinij 
towns ;  tho  latter  oonUini  tlio  Norwich  Univcriity.    Middlebury  ii  tho 

,  of  MiddJobury  College. 


Map  No.  8.  —What  rivor  bounds  Vermont  on  the  east  7  Ct.  —What 
(rtate  does  it  lepwate  from  Vermont  7  N..H.— What  Lake  bour.da 
Vermont  on  the  weit  T  Cn.  — What  state  does  it  separate  from  Ver. 
mont  7  N..Y.  — What  country  lien  north  of  Vermont  7  Ca.  —What 
Rtate  lies  wuth  7  Ms.  — What  four  streams  flow  into  Lake  Champlain  ? 
Mo.,  L.'Kle.,  On.,  Or.  — Wliat  two  Islands  oro  in  Lake  Champlain  T 
N.-H0.,  S-Ho.— These,  witli  a  small  peninsula  lying  north  of  tliom, 
form  the  county  of  Grand  Isle.— What  Lake  is  partly  in  this  state  and 
partly  in  ("anada  7  Me.  — What  mountaina  extend  through  tho  stato  7 
Gn.— Which  is  the  highest  peak 7  Md.— How  high  is  it 7— What 
other  peaks  7  CRp.,  Kn. — When  wus  tho  battle  of  Bennington 
fought  7    What  rivers  flow  into  tlie  Connecticut  7 

Mountains?  3.  Of  the  soil?  Cattle,  &.C.?  3.  What  is  said  of  thi 
State  ?  4.  Of  the  trade  7  Of  the  rails  on  Lake  Champlain  7  &.  Tli* 
Rovolutionory  War  7  G.  Describe  Montpelier.  7.  Bennington.  6.  Am 
other  towns. 


N 

of 

lie 

l"l 


net 

nit; 
in 


dis 
Ma 


lY. 

butter,  nnd  lIiOgm, 
nH)\  \h  an  inijxirtmu 

ftst,  by  Lnk<^  (.'hum- 
0,  att'ain4K).it!<  nm! 
[ito  coiincctiuti  with 

caiml  to  Alliuny,  and 
mcniio  raflx  of  tiiiilHT, 
ten  Hccn  miiliiig  up  tli* 
,  and  tliu  luwnii  un  tli* 

ixplorcil  l)y  tlio  French 

u  tlinn  a  liiiiidrcd  yraru 

ted  a  conapiciiuuii  piirt, 

d  liy  tliu  liravury  uf  lici 

lown. 

ncnt  littlo  town  on  th« 

tho  Btntc,  and  the  must 

taini  tho  Univvriity  of 

ontpolicr. 

Iio  State,  ii  celobratud 

777,  over  u  dcluchaivnt 

and  Brattlcboro',  Nor- 
o  Bniall  but  ItouriHhint' 
Ity.    Middlcbury  is  tho 


I  thaeMt?  Ct.— What 
—What  Lake  boiu-.da 
I  it  loparate  from  Vcr- 
i^ermont  7  Ca.  — Whnl 
'  into  Lake  Chainplam  ? 
)  in  Lake  Champlain  1 
I  lying  north  of  tlium, 
partly  in  thi«  state  and 
;nd  tlirouirh  tho  Htnto  7 
ow  high  18  it  ?  — What 
battle  of  Bonniugtou 
It? 

3.  What  ii  Mid  of  tht 
le  Champlain  7  S.  Tli* 
7.  Bennington.  6.  Anu 


IIAMACHtTIVrTf. 


'85. 


lis 


Briliih  (roopf  •vieuiling  Boftoa. 
MASSACHUSETTS. 

1.  MAMAcnrsRTTs  is  tho  ohlcst  and  most  important  of  the 
New  B:nj{land  Statrs.  It  is  tho  most  thickly  settled  section 
of  the  Union,  and  is  distinguished  for  tho  enterprise  and  puU 
lie  spirit  of  its  citizens. 

2.  Tho  njrriculturo  in  conductrd  with  iikill  and  inttlligpnco :  but 
'-oHimcrcr,  nianufiirturcH,  and  tho  fialioricn,  nro  tho  jfrcat  objcctii  of 
pufBuit.  The  shipping  omounlii  to  nearly  ono.third  of  tho  whole  owned 
in  tho  United  Stuteii,  includin|f  a  largo  proportion  of  tho  wlmlinir  von. 
-ulg.  MuHsnchuncttii  ig  tho  leading  State  in  railroadH,  ond  a  ffreator 
number  centre  in  Boston  than  in  any  other  city  of  tho  Union. 

3.  Tho  literary,  rcligioua,  and  charitable  inntitutions  of  Masdnohii. 
Hctti,  arc  important,  nnd  in  a  flourighing  condition.     Harvard  UnivcN 
mty,  at  CambridKc,  ia  tho  oldeiit  and  Iwnt  endowed  literary  CBtttblishincnt 
in  tho  Union.    Williami.  CoIIesrc,  at  Williamatown,  and  Amhorot  Col 
"ge,  at  Amliorat,  are  also  rospcctablo  in»titution«. 


Ma,taehuiftti.Q~.l.  What  Is  MasBach.,»cttn  ?  For  what  in  it 
dlstingumhed?  2.  NVhat  ig  .aid  of  tho  agriculture  7  Commcrco7 
Manulaeurc.  7  Fiahories  7  Shipping  7  Railroads  7  .1.  What  i* 
•aid  of  literary  and  oUicr  instifjlion*  7     Of  Harvard   UniveraitvT 


i 


116  DEacRirrivs  osnniiArfiV. 

4.  Thin  Slatf  rdiiinitii  ii  iiiimlKr  of  (Icurioliinx  Umnn  «ntl 
villagrn,  many  «)C  wliith  an'  iliittiiinuitlml  (iir  tlui  luutiu-M  ol 
ihfir  buildint{N,  iiiul  llm  «lfi{(Hic»i  ui'  lln'ir  fliunlii'ii. 

9.  lUMtoti,  tlin  ('u|)Uul  iif  tlio  HlntF,  \»  a.tuktcd  nil  «  |m  nliintila  bI  Hit 
htad  iif  Miiaaai  ln!« lis  Day.  '!'li!«  tily  i*  riin«I.U ml  ilm  liiiinry  ■nU 
iti.iinicriiul  niilr<i|Kiliii  i>l  New  KniflainJ.  Il«  iilii|i|'iiiK  manimU  I., 
inoro  than  ntiri  i|{litli  iiI'iIki  wlmlii  tuiiimgo  ol'llio  I'nioM,  iiiul  II*  U%iU< 
KxU'iiiU  to  all  |Nirt»  of  lliK  worlil.  'I'lii*  i^lly  ii  tiotiil  liir  tliu  miiiib>  i 
mill  rlrguilrn  iilltn  |iillilii;  iMIllilitltfM,  illlliill|{  wlliill  urn  llir  SlaUi  lliiUM', 
Uiu  iNi'W  .Miirki't  lloilM',  'I'rciiluiit  iluiiati,  tliii  lliwDital,  Atr. 

0.  The  Ann-rliMin  Kt'volutiim  cmmtioiiicd  in  lliwloii.  Iln  |i<irl  wii» 
ckiicd  in  1774,  liy  order  of  tlie  liritiah  (•ovcrnniciit,  and  a  |[iirrii«<n 
pUcid  in  it.  It  \vii«,  in  conn'iimii' f,  liinii  ifrd  liy  tin'  Aim  rli mm  uiidir 
UtiiMral  \Vit»hiii!(ton,  mIiu  cutiipillvd  lliu  tlrilluli  tu  jiiivu  thu  town. 

'  7.  Cliirhalown  ii  coniuclid  with 
Dotton  by  thri!o  hridgrii.  It  in  iiituat<ul 
on  a  |i«niniiiilii,  tlin  centre  of  wliiith  i< 
rccupied  by  lliinki'r  llill,  ci^lcliraii'd  foi 
Iho  battle  IniiKlit  on  it  diirin|r  tlio  re. 
volutiiiimry  wur.  Tlio  lluiiter  Hill 
Monuniiint,  biilU  of  Krnnite,  U  Q'JO  fuit 
high  from  iIh  liimt',  wliinli  in  thirty  dit 
■quarc.  ('uiiibri(l|;<'i  thri-o  iniloK  nurtlk> 
writ  ul'  Ikiitun,  contuini  Harvard  IJnb 
ruriity. 

8.  Muliiin  la  the  aocond  oily  in  tin; 
atttto  for  coiniiii'rco,  Ncwliury|mrt  ha.t 
considirablu  trndo.  Hcvcrliy,  Glou- 
ccMtcr,*  anil  Marlilchead,  aro  InrRcly 
!  cniriierd  in  tlio  cod  finhrrica,  und  Nun. 
turkrt  and  New  Bedford  carry  on  llui 
whnlc.fiRliinK  to  a  gruatur  extent  than 
Ainligr  Hill  MoniinMnt.  any  other  |ducca  in  tlio  world, 

9.  Lowell,  on  the  Merrimack  river,  ia  famoua  for  ita  cotton  and 
woollen  niiilii,  and  ita  great  extent  of  water  power.  Lawronco,  a  new 
inanufactiiring  town,  on  tlio  aanio  river,  but  lUrthcr  down,  Ima  oImi 
in  extrnnivo  water  power.  Tnnnton  ond  Full  lliver  arc  conHiderablo 
manufacturing  towna.  Lynn  ia  noted  for  the  vaat  amount  of  bt>ot« 
und  ahoea  mndo  in  it;  and  Lexington  for  being  the  plaoo  where  thu 
lirat  battle  waa  fought  during  the  revolutionary  wur. 

4.  What  doca  tliia  atato  contain  7  5.  Dencribo  Dnaton.  Ita  ahipping. 
Trade.  Buildinpa,  See.  6.  What  ia  said  of  the  American  revolution  / 
What  did  the  British  Government  do  7  What  did  the  American  army 
do?  7.  Describe  Clmrloatown.&o.  The  Bunker  Hill  Monument.  8.  Do- 
acribe  Salom,  Ncwburyport,  Nantucket,  und  Now  Bedford.  'J.  Deacribe 

"""  Gloa'.tor. 


r. 

irikliiiitf  lown*  ant) 
fur  tlin  itraliu'Ma  ol 
liiirt'lic'). 

(Ill  «  |N  niiiiiiila  at  (lit 
lirt'il  till!  Iili'liirv  ■nil 
*l>M'|'l"lt    "KOltlllU    I' 

0  I'niiin,  iiikI  IU  tr«ili> 
iioti'il  liir  lliu  tiiiiiibcr 
li  urn  III)'  Stiiiu  lluUM', 
wiiital,  Ate, 

lliwloii.     Ill)  |Hirt  wiia 
iiciit,  anal  a  |{iirrii«t>ii 
/  tilt'  Aiiii  rii  iiiiit  uiiilir 
to  ll'IIVU  tliu  (llWII. 

n  I*  coiiiii'i'li  d  with 
irldgn.  It  in  nitimtiul 
lin  ctiilro  of  wliicli  i« 
kir  lljll,  cvlclirali'd  for 
,  on  it  durinff  tlio  iv. 
The  liiiiikor  Hill 
of  Krnnitf,  U  9'JO  I'ui  t 
M!,  wIiIrIi  ill  thirty  fu  t 
ili;c,  tlirco  niiloK  luirtlu 
loMtuini  Harvard  IJiii. 

lie  iiccond  rily  in  tliii 
CO.  Ncwiiiiryimrt  lia.t 
Jo.  Bcvcrliy,  Olou- 
ritlulicttd,  aril  lurecly 
!(hI  (liiliRricii,  und  Nun. 
Bodtiird  curry  un  tlui 
a  2I'''b'*''|^  extent  lliun 
In  ttio  world, 

iitH  fur  ita  cotton  and 
lor.  I.iiwronco,  a  new 
tirdicr  down,  Ima  oImi 
KivLT  arc  conHidcrablo 
vait  amouni  of  iKotii 
g  the  plaoo  where  tliu 
wiir. 

Dniiton.  Its  ahippinf^. 
American  revolution  7 
Id  the  American  army 
Hill  Monument.  8.  Do- 
it Dudrord.  <J.  Deicribc 


IIIOUR   IILANO.  117 

to.  At  Plymouth  Iho  lint  wittltira  ur  |ill|(riina  landvil  In  lli«  yta 
I  (Ml*.  Thn  iiiinivirniiry  ol'  lliut  nvi'iit  i«  •till  olwcrvtid,  Wuri'tiatcr,* 
M|iringrtrld,  Niirlliiiinptoii,  and  I'lltnllclil,  am  all  lliriviiiK  mid  imiHirluiii 
towim.  HpiiiiKlU^lil  ciintalna  nil  I'lilted  Htatva'  uriimry,  at  wliuJi  grea' 
nuiiilxira  ul'  lirunriiia  ars  inadu. 

A/(i/i  Nil.  H.— WIml  liimnita  Mniimulminlta  un  tlin  norlli  ?  N..II.,  Vt 
-On  Ihu  miiiih  7  |(,.|.,  Ct.  —On  Iho  weal  I  N..Y.  —  What  ocean 
on  Ihu  eail  and  auuih  t  Ai.  —  Ulmt  tlirou  moiinlnint  are  in  Muaaa. 
uhuanlta  I  \Vt,,  lie.,  Tin.— 'I'hci  tnuga  wiat  oI'iIki  I'onnoctinit  river,  i« 
cailed  the  Mouautonick  .Mta.  i  it  ia  a  eontiniiation  of  Iho  (trern  Mu. 
Which  aro  Iho  [irinri|iiil  rivira  t  Ct.,  Mk.— How  long  are  lliey  7  Tlw 
otlior  rivera  1  llo.,  Ilk.,  |)d.,  \Vd,,  .Ma.,  (!«.,  N«,,  t'd.--Wlmt  cupca  an 
nn  the  roiiat  7  An,,  Cd,,  Mr.  —  Wlinl  Imya  I  Ma,,  C.Cd,,  lla.  —  Wlial 
lalttiida  I  Nt.,  ,\I,.Vd. — What  coiinliea  tlo  thnau  ixlnnda  liiim  7  Nt.,  Da 
—  Which  ii  the  moat  nurthirn  county  I  Hx.  —  'VUo  moat  ioutliern  / 
NL  —  The  moat  uaatcrn  I  lie.  —  'I'lni  moat  weaturn  7  lie.  —  What  ia 
the  capital  7  Un.  —  Ita  popiil/itioii  /  In  what  county  ia  it  7  A.,  Suffolk 
(.'ounty.  —  What  four  iilacca  liuvo  vucli  a  population  of  upwarda  of 
lU.OUj  7  LI.,  Hni.,  N.lld,,  Cii,  —  In  what  year  waa  the  battle  of  Ux- 
ingtun  fought  I  liunkir'a  Hill  1 1  What  rail-road*  contrt  in  lluaton  7 
1  «ll  by  the  Hculo  what  capital  Ilea  almiit  !M>  rniloa  fVom  Doaton.  lid 
—What  county  town  in  .Maine  lioa  a  few  inilu.  farther  7  I'd. — Thia  I* 
the  moat  inifiortant  place  in  the  alute,  and  waa  formerly  the  capital. 
What  county  towna  in  Connecticut  aru  uIhiiiI  the  aarno  djatanre  from 
UoBton  OM  Portland  7  .Mn.,  Ilin.,  N..Ln.  — What  iaiand  belonging  tn 
Kliodu  lalund  ia  not  ijuilu  ao  far  /  Ilk.  —  What  iaiand  in  Maiaachu. 
aetta  ia  about  the  aamo  dialanco  7  Nt.  —  What  ia  the  name  of  the 
county  and  county  town  7  Nt,  —  What  doca  thia  iaiand  carry  on  to  a 
great  extent  7  pur.  H.  —  How  fur  ia  Providence  IVom  lionlun  7  Wor 
ce»lor7  Amherat?  Exeter  7  How  far  ia  Aiiguata  7  Moiitjielicr  7  In 
what  atatoa  are  the  two  loat  ?     What  towna  on  .Moaaaciiuaetta  Bay  7 

87 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  Rhode  Iiiland  ia  tho  smallest  stato  in  tho  Union,  but  ii 
,)Ieasantly  situated,  and  possesses  numerous  facilities  fur  coin- 
mcrco  and  manufactures. 


Lowell,  Taunton,  &,c.    10.  Plvmouth  and  the  other  towni. 
Rhode  hlanii.  Q.  —  I.  What  is  Rhode  Island  7     What  doe*  .'t  p«« 

•  WorcMter,  Wooa'-tor. 

t  Tho  flag  denoting  this  battle  is  near  Charlcstown, 


Ill 


l>*«CRimTI  ORnQHAPnY. 


north- wisf,  which  to  hilly  and  nx'ky,     Vnrt  of  Ifw  «tnti'  hua 
•  Ihiri  mill  |HKir  m>t\,  but  ih<*  i«lnn<l4  ImnlirinK  <»>  '^  NnrnM 

SiinM>lt  itiiy  arv  ufgroal  fiirtility,  «ih1  aro  crlKbrnird  Ibr  thrii 
m  rnitlf. 

H.  Thi«  ^nfr  \n  «')»fr>n*ivp|y  rngnitnl  in  lh««  mdnn  mnnu- 
factiirr,  nnd  uniIc  thi<  liiul  in  thnt  brnnch  of  indiMtrv.  'Urn 
t\nt  co(t(>n<niill  in'il««l  in  tho  Unili'd  Menliw  wn*  l>uiu  hf'ff. 

4.  Rhmla  lalnmt  had  no  Cnniiiliillon  nf  fnvi<rnmi>nl  fiir  17!)  fmm, 
ficrpi  Km  ("h«rt«-r  gmritKl  hy  Clm.lr.  IJ,  in  |(1«.1.  |n  |H4'J,  •ttur 
(onir  ili»iii«i<ma,  iH'r««ioiiri|  liy  parly  dUTirnnriK,  ■  nrw  CVitnliliitiiiti 
wni  liiriiir.i  I,,  , 1,11 ,1,1.,  i,t  i|,„  iirno«,  md  ilmtUr  In  |irtnd|il«  lu  lh« 
('(in<itiiiiiii>iiii  r,i  the  ullii  r  Dtitldi. 

fl.  rriividi'iirii,  em  llm  riM  r  ofilir  aiiiiin  niim<<,  .13  inllf*  from  Ihn  wa, 
I*  tlio  f« <'.iiid  tjly  m  Nrw  Friifkiul  In  |>iipiiialiim,  wenllh,  and  vmn. 
iimnc,  it  nirilnjiii  Ihr  Huio  f|.)U««',  Hrown  I'nivrrKily, «li«i  Anndf, • 
niiiitlNT  of  rliiiri  III'*,  Ac,    Ita  iiinniil'tiiiiri-a  »rn  varimia  and  lm|Kiflanl 

U.  N«W|iiift,  mar  tlir  pnlrnnrn  ol'  NnrrnKanwll  (lay,  la  nnii'd  fur  tlm 
hwiHly  of  lU  •tlunti>m  and  anlulirloii*  air,  lu  Imrftmir  la  itiif  of  ihr 
llnrat  in  (Iki  Unitrd  Hiatra,  KlKxIe  laland,  tin  which  it  la  allualrd,  Iwa, 
from  ita  Uaiity  and  llrtility,  h<'fn  rallod  llin  IMi-n  of  Ainprict. 

7.  Hrialol  la  •  hanilaoinr  and  llniirlaliinir  town  i  ila  Cirriffii  and 
coaatinf  Iredn  la  i3i)naidi>ralili<.  Thn  villiidia  of  I'nwtmkci,  Mlalrra. 
vIIIji,  VVoonaorhcl,  and  i'.>wtiix«t,  arn  noted  (iir  Ihrir  maniillir«iir«'a  j 
tho  Hral  la  aitimird  on  bolh  aidt>«  of  Ihi*  rnwliickit  or  Ulacliitunp 
rtvor,  and  la  partly  in  tliia  aUlo,  and  partly  in  Muaauclmaiitta. 

Map  N».  H,  —  Wlmt  atnin  Ixiiinda  Rliodo  lalnnd  on  tha  north  u\i 
Mat'  Ma,— Tho  wtiat  7  Ct.— VVimt  mian  on  tho  aoulh  7  Ao.~Wliat 
I*  tha  nr'nrlpat  Imy  7  Nt.  —  Whirh  arn  ihti  two  prinripal  iaUnda  I 
R.-Id.,  Ilk.  —  What  roiiniy  do  thry  IhIoiik  to f  Nt.  —  Which  arn  tha 
eapitula  7  Pc,  Nt.  Tliiir  population  J— In  what  county  la  Proviltnca  7 
P«.  —  In  which  la  Newport  7    Nl. 

—^88 


IJ 


CONNECTICUT. 

1.  CoNNBCTiciTT,  tho  Bouthcrnmost  of  thn  Now  Rnglnnil 
StaUm,  i«  nototi  forthopxcnilrnceof  ilN  litrrnryinatiliilionM.anil 
Ibr  Iho  intclligpnrp,  rntorprino,  nmi  wkhI  more'  i  of  lli**  p«f)nli'. 

8.  It  has  B  varied  lurfacn  of  hill  and  du.' ,  ivjt  is  a>\Joni 

waaT  9.  What  iaaaid  of  theoniintryt  Of  th»»,tu  ^t.  ,  '  Vhit 
I*  tJiif  (taU  cngnKcd  in  7  4.  What  la  aaid  of  tha  ' '  n>i-''-.un  ■  A^hat 
xrcurrttd  In  IHiU  )  5.  Uricribe  Providenc*.  6.  Newport  7.  Briatol, 
Pawtuckat,  Ac. 

Ccnnettirvt.  Q,  —  1.  For  what  b  Connecticut  noted  7    9.  What  ia 


\l 


IT. 

bvdi.  MKsrpt  in  ih« 
krt  of  tlw  tlntr  hn* 
ririK  on  th«i  Narrn- 
crli^brntni  liir  lh«ii 

ilif  cotton  mntiii- 

>ii  iiKlimtrv.     'I'Im 

•  u.i«  tHiili  lii'ri'. 

niiiirlil  fiir  17')  ynr*, 
*it).1.  In  IN't'J,  alt'  r 
«,  ■  nrw  ('onulituliiiii 
lar  In  prIncipU  tu  lh« 

13  inili-4  (Vnm  Iha  «>•, 
tn,  wrnllh,  anil  coin- 
ivrralljr,  th«  Ari'iiil)',  • 
uriiiiia  anil  ImiMirianI 
I  liny,  Ik  niii<'<l  fijr  iIki 
liiiriHHir  U  iitic  of  llifi 
icli  II  la  •llunlcil,  haa, 
•n  of  Ain<*rirfi. 
vn  1  it*  (iiri^iffii  and 
^  I'nwliirkitt,  Hlatrrii- 
thrir  maniilhfliiri'a ; 
liickot  or  Ulackituiip 
[uaiiucliUM)lt«, 

nd  on  tha  north  and 

<i  aoulh  f  Ac— What 
va  |irllirlp«l  lilandN  I 
Nt.  — Which  aril  tha 
:ounty  ia  Provi-lcnca  7 


tho  Ni'W  Rnglnnrl 
iryinHtitiitinnN,  mui 
ornl  I  'if  lli»«  p-opU,', 
kk;  lilit   in  |i><idom 

Newport    7.  Briatol, 
noted  T    9.  What  ii 


tmmmrmcvrr. 


llf> 


■akoul  Houaa.  Kmtgfaal.  t.,  ih<  W««. 

nwuntainoui.    Tho  cliimte  <■  hmillhnit.  und  tha  loil  ({nnonilly 
gotxl,  .!i»|Hs;mlly  in  th«  valley  of  tho  Connocticut  river. 

3.  Tho  chi<f  [mMlu(;lii  nm  tho  urninn,  Ate.  common  to  Nnw 
hnglnnil !  orclmrd*  imi  nuintiroua }  ciJer  ia  producitti  in  con 
^itloniblo  (juuntiiiuM  j  and  l>ulli;r  and  ch«tii»«  uro  tnudo  annual!) 
to  a  gruat  amount. 

4.  Tho  mnnufuctiiroB  of  Conn«)cticut  aro  extcnuivo  ami 
various.  Tlio  principal  artichu  aw  cotton,  woolNm,  nnd  ■ill< 
«ood«,  clock*,  cutlery,  button*,  carringoi.  Ate.  Tho  for«igii 
irndo  ia  chiofly  with  tho  Wcit  Indica,  but  ia  JtMS  cxterjaivc 
than  that  along  the  coant. 

fl.  Tho  proviwon  mado  for  the  public  education  of  tho  peo- 
plo  in  this  Htnte,  in  nioro  lil)*>rnl  tliiin  in  any  other  pnrt  of  th»- 
world.  Tho  intorcut  of  tho  achool  fund  alforda  instruction  (o 
neorly  ninety  thousand  ohildron. 

S.  Porhapt  no  Atlantio  atats  haa  a<int  ao  larjre  •  number  of  tottv* 
and  induatrioua  aetUer*  to  tha  wpitnrn  country  aa  Connncticut  i  and 
her  emi(rranU,  wherever  f.)mid,  aro  among  the  muat  anterpriainff  anil 
uidu.irioua  part  of  the  population. 


aald  of  the  aurfkce  r  Of  tho  ollmato  and  aoilT  3.  What  are  tha  ohie' 
pr(iduolji  7  What  i*  aaid  of  orchard.,  he.  1  4.  Of  tlie  nianuntoturaa  ? 
The  principal  articlct  7  Tho  foroi,{n  Uade  ?  5,  Public  education ' 
What  do«»  Iho  iotarcat  of  the  aohool  Aind  alTord  T    6.  What  ia  aaid  of 


maWBt 


r- 


•i 


I 


ft., 


20  UESCniPTIVE   OEOaRArilY. 

7.  Tlio  neat  of  government  in  divided  bclwr  i  Now  Ilavon  and  Hart 
mi.  The  former  is  •ituatcd  at  the  bolto..i  of  a  inmll  buy  upcnini; 
nlo  Long  Iglnnd  P  ;Mnd.  Jt  is  built  in  squ  nis,  with  straight  and  wid» 
itreots,  and  itr  rcgniurity  and  neotncss  aro  much  admired. 

8.  i ale  College  was  removed  to  tliis  city  from  Saybrook  in  1717. 
OosidcD  the  eollogc  buildings,  there  arc  several  churches  and  ol'ier  pub 
to  euifiz-es  tliat  excite  attention.  Tlio  board ing-schooU  and  seinrnarien 
"or  youth  of  both  sexes  aro  highly  r'lspcctablo  and  well  conaucted. 

9.  Hartford  is  on  the  Connecticut  river,  50  miles  from  iu  mouth. 
Ui  ring  a  few  years  past,  it  has  rapidiv  increased  in  commerce,  popu- 
ation  and  weal'h.  It  is  the  scat  of  Wosliin^ton  ColLgo,  and  of  the 
\sylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  the  first  institution  of  the  kind  estn- 
ilishod  in  the  United  Stales.  Wethcrsfii'ld,  4  miles  south  from  Hurt- 
;brd,  is  noted  for  its  trado  in  onions.     It  contains  the  State  Prison. 

10.  New  London  and  Stonington  employ  a  number  of  vessels  in  the 
//halo  and  seal  fisheries.    Middletown  and  Norwich  are  extensively 

ngaged  in  manufactures,  Litchfield  was  long  noted  for  its  law- 
ichool ;  Bristol  and  Plymouth  tor  their  manufactures  of  clocks ;  Col- 
insvillo  for  axes,  and  Watcrbury  for  buttons.  Saybrook  was  the  first 
place  in  tiiis  state  occupied  by  the  English. 

89 

Map  No.  8.  —What  sta'e  bounds  Connecticut  on  the  north  7  Ms. 
-On  the  cast?  R.-L— West?  N.-Y.  — South?  L.-L  Sd.  —  How 
long  is  Long  I.  Sound  ?  To  what  state  docs  I-ong  I.  belong  ?  N.-Y. 
—What  r'vers  flow  into  the  Sound  ?  Ct.,  Ts.,  Hk.  The  length  of 
each  ?  How  far  is  the  Connecticut  navigable  ?  For  what  kmd  of 
vessels  7  The  Housatonick  ?  Point  out  tho  other  rivers.  What  is  the 
population  of  New  Haven  7  Of  Hartford  7  Which  are  tlie  four  next 
largest  towns,  and  their  pq  'ulation  7  N.-Ld.,  Dy.,  Nh.,  Ld.— On  what 
river  is  Now  London  7    N       Vb  '    Mid'lletowm  ?    Iladdam  ?  &.C 

How  many  miles  is  it  by  tlie  scitle  from  New  Haven  to  Hartford  ? 
What  county  town  is  about  tho  same  distance  7  Ld.  —The  city  of 
New  York,  Northampton  on  the  Connecticut  river,  and  Block  Island, 
aro  all  about  tho  same  distance  fiom  New  Haven.  How  many  miles 
is  it  7  Harvford  is  nearly  half  way  between  New  YorkXand  Boston. 
How  many  miles  is  it  from  each?  New  Haven  is  about  the  same  dis- 
lance  from  Newport,  Providence,  and  Worcester.  How  many  miles  is 
it?  Hartford  is  situated  very  nearly  halfway  between  the  eastern  and 
western  extremities  of  the  state.  How  many  miles  is  it  from  each  ? 
Hartford  is  about  the  same  distance  from  Providcnso  and  Poughkeep- 
sie.  How  many  miles  is  it  from  each  7  How  far  is  New  Haven  fi-om 
'.he  north  lino  of  the  sUte  7  From  tlio  north-east  ox)rner  of  the  state  7 
From  the  ncrth-west  corner? 

lettlers  to  the  western  country  ?  Of  emigrants  7  7.  Of  the  seat  of  govern- 
nent  7  Describe  New  Haven.  8.  Yale  College,  &c.  9.  HarVfbrd.  10. 
Wbmi  ia  Mid  of  New  Lcndon  7  Stonington  7  Norwich  7  LitcLi'ek)  7  &Cl 


■^»H*)*i 


'HY. 

•^  New  Havon  and  Harl- 
ot' a  inmll  bay  upcnini; 
,  with  Btrai(;ht  and  widn 
th  admired. 

rom  Saybrook  in  1717. 
churnhcH  and  ol'ior  pub 
^-huIiuoIh  an<i  iieiiifnarioii 
and  well  conauclod, 
)  miles  fl-om  iu  mouth. 
iBud  in  commorce,  popu- 
;ton  Colk-go,  and  of  thc 
;itution  of  tho  l<ind  efltn- 
milc8  Boutli  'from  Hurt- 
ins  tho  State  Prison, 
number  of  vessels  in  the 
Norwich  are  extensively 
long  noted  for  its  law- 
ifuctures  of  clocks ;  Col- 
Saybrook  was  the  first 


cut  on  the  north?  Ms. 
outh?    L..1.  S(l.  — How 

Long  I.  belong?  N.-Y. 
fs.,  Hk.  The  length  of 
rlo?  For  what  kind  of 
thcr  rivers.    What  is  the 

Which  arc  tlie  four  next 

Dy.,  Nh.,  Ld.— On  what 
iwn7    Haddam?  &c 
New  Haven  to  Hartford  ? 
nco  7    Ld.  —The  city  of 

river,  and  Block  Island, 
ivcn.    Huw  many  miles 

New  York\and  Boston, 
en  is  about  the  same  dis- 
itcr.  How  many  miles  is 
f  between  the  eastern  and 
f  miles  is  it  from  each  7 
ovidenco  and  Poughkeep- 
IV  far  is  New  Haven  from 
-east  corner  of  the  state  7 


7  7.  Of  the  seat  of  govern- 
tje,  &c.  9.  Harlford.  10. 
!{orwich7  LitcLI'ctd?  he. 


\ 


MIDDLE   STATES. 

1.  The  Middle  States  comprise  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware.  They  occupy  one  of  the  finest 
portions  of  tho  Union,  and  are  distinguished  for  tlioir  rapid 
growth  in  prosperity  and  wealth,  and  for  the  enterprise  and 
industry  of  their  inhabitants. 

2.  These  slates  exhibit  some  of  the  most  mountainous 
tracts  in  the  Union.  The  Alleghany,  the  Blue  Mountains, 
and  other  ranges,  stretch  through  the  country  from  !=iuth. 
west  to  north-east.  They  are  almost  universally  covered 
with  forests,  and  contain  many  wild  solitudes  among  them 
that  are  seldom  or  never  visited  by  man. 

3.  The  climate  is  generally  more  mild  than  in  the  New 
England  States,  except  in  the  northern  parts  of  New  York, 
where  tho  cold  of  winter  is  equally  severe. 

4.  A  great  portion  of  the  soil  of  tho  Middle  States  is  fertile, 
well  cultivated,  and  produces  large  crops  of  excellent  wheat, 

Middle  Statei.  Q.—l.  What  do  the  Middle  States  comprise?  What 
io  they  occupy  7  For  what  are  they  distinguished  7  2.  What  do 
ttiese  states  exhibit  7    WitL  what  are  thsy  coverwl?    3.  W  lat  is  mid 


122 


DESCRIPriVE   OEOQRAPHT. 


pi 


n 


Indian  corn,  rye,  oata,  and  builoy.    Tlic  fruiu  are  ch; efly 
npples,  pearn,  |)«aches,  and  plums. 

5.  Tlic  most  useful  minerals,  coni,  iron,  salt,  and  lime, 
abound  to  a  great  extent  in  various  parts  of  the  country ;  and 
mininj;  is  actively  pursued,  esiwcially  in  the  coal  regions  of 
Pennsyi    mia. 

6.  The  commerce  of  the  Middle  States  is  extensive,  and  is 
carried  on  chiefly  through  tlie  cities  of  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia. The  internal  trade  is  greatly  facilitcted  by  the 
numerous  canals  and  rail-roads  which  extend  through  the 
different  parli,  of  the  country. 

7.  The  manufactures  are  important  and  various ;  a  vast 
amount  of  capital  and  labour  is  employed  in  their  fabrication, 
and  thousands  of  both  sexes  are  sup|)ortcd  by  them. 

8.  In  the  Middle  States  common-sch  y)\  education  is  not  so 
general  as  in  most  parts  of  New  England,  except  in  the  state  of 
New  York,  where  great  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  subject. 

9.  In  Pennsylvania,  a  ny»tnin  has  been  adopted  that  will  afford  the 
mcunH  of  education  to  all  cla»BOB  of  tho  people ;  tlio  «P,nio  is  mainly 
true  respecting  New  Jersey ;  but  in  Delaware,  tiio  plana  putHUcd  for 
that  purpose  liivo  not  aa  yet  proved  very  efficient. 

91 

10.  Tho  great  body  of  tlio  people  in  tho  Middle  StatCB  are  of  Sritish 
descent ;  but  in  some  parts  of  Pennsylvania  there  arc  many  Germans, 
who  s|)eak  only  their  own  language,  and  are  o<\cn  ignorant  of  the 
Englisli  tuiigui.  In  New  York  and  Now  Jersey,  there  are  a  number 
ol"  the  desctiKiitniy  ol  tho  original  Dutch  settlers  of  Now  York,  and  in 
some  sections  tout  laiiguoge  is  partially  spoken. 

11.  At  the  close  of  the  revolutionary  war,  so  many  emigrants  from 
the  eastern  states  settled  in  New  York,  that  a  majority  of  the  present 
population  of  that  state  are  natives  of  New  England,  or  their  descend, 
ants.  These,  by  their  industrious  habits,  their  enterprise  and  general 
inteUjgence,  have  contributed  much  to  the  prosperity  of  that  section 
of  tlrei  Union.  

of  the  climate  T  4.  Of  the  soil?  The  crops  7  5.  What  is  said  of  the 
minerals?  Of  mining  7  6.  The  commerce?  The  internal  trade  7 
7.  The  manufactures 7  8.  Of  cimmoii-schooi  education?  In  New 
Vork  7    9.  In  Pennsylvania  7     In  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  7 

10.  Of  what  descent  are  the  great  body  of  tlie  people  7  What,  of 
the  Germans?  Dutch?  11  Of  emigranU  fnim  the  New  England 
xiules  7     What  have  tliey  contributed  / 


l> 


■  TOj»ittii«ijiW>,Ti  il*»iii<iii>"im<inii»*»j.  ■'  ■ 


HY. 

c  fruits  are  chiefly 

ron,  salt,  and  lime, 
of  the  country ;  and 
I  the  coal  regions  of 

I  is  extensive,  ond  is 
ew  York  and  Phiiu- 
r  facilitctcd  by  the 
extend  through  the 

and  various ;  a  vast 
I  in  their  fabrication, 
cd  by  them, 
il  education  is  not  so 

except  in  the  stole  of 
1  paid  to  the  subject, 
ptcd  that  will  aflford  the 
c;  tho  «pjno  is  mainly 

tho  plans  pursued  for 
Qnt. 


Idio  SUtCR  are  of  Sritish 
cro  arc  many  tiurmans, 
D  often  iipiorant  of  the 
Bcy,  thcro  arc  a  number 
rs  of  Now  York,  and  in 
n. 

o  manv  emigrants  from 
majority  of  the  present 
glnnd;  or  their  descend, 
r  enterprise  and  general 
rosperity  of  that  section 


5.  What  is  said  of  the 
7  The  internal  trade  7 
X  education?  In  New 
y  and  Delaware  7 
ftlie  people  7  Wha*.  of 
Tum  the  New  England 


NBW   YORK.  123 

Map  m.U.  —Which  is  tho  largest  of  the  Midd'e  BUtes  7  N..  Y.— 
The  second  in  extent ?  Pa.— Third?  N..J.  —  Fourth 7  Dc.— Which 
extends  fiirthcst  north  and  east  7  N.-Y.— fkiuth  ?  Do.— West?  Pa.— 
Which  state  has  tho  greatest  extent  of  soa-coast  ?  N.-Y.  —Which  has 
no  sea-coast?  Pa. — The  Middle  States  extend  iVom  latitude  36^  to  45 
degrees.  — How  many  degrees  of  latitude,  then,  do  they  include? 
TItcy  extend  fVom  longitude  .'i  degreeii  r.nnl  of  Washitigton,  to  about 
.li  west  7  —  How  many  degrees  of  longitude  do  tJicy  include  7  — 
Which  is  tho  largest  Island  bt'longing  to  tho  Middle  States?  Lg.— 
What  is  its  length  7  —  Tho  next  in  size?  Sn.  — This  Island  formi 
Richmond  county,  in  Now  York, — Wliieh  are  tho  principal  moun- 
liiiiis '  Ay.,  Be.,  CI.,  Mn.— Which  is  the  highest  mountain  7  My.— 
How  high  is  it  7  — Which  are  the  chief  rivers  that  flow  into  the  Ocean  T 
Hn.,  I)e.,  8a.— Which  two  form  tho  Ohio?  Ay.,  Ma. —  How  long 
are  all  thcso  rivers? — Which  state  has  tho  greatest  extent  of  lake, 
coast  I  N..  Y.  —  The  next  7  Pa.  —  1  low  long  is  each  of  these  lakes  I 
—  For  what  are  they  navignhlc  7  —  How  fur  is  it  from  New  York  to 
Bristol,  England  7  —  From  New  Jcrsoy  'n  Italy  7  —  From  Delaware  to 
Turkey  7  —  From  Philadelphia  to  Norfolk  7 

92 

NEW  YORK. 


View  of  the  lower  part  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

1.  New  York  is  the  most  flourishing,  wealthy,  and  popu- 
lous state  in  the  Union.  It  exhibits  one  of  those  amazing 
examples  of  growth  and  prosperity  that  are  no  where  seen  on 
the  globe  beyond  our  own  borders. 

New  York.  Q.  —  1.  Wlwt  is  Now  York?    What  does  it  exhibit? 


ll!'J 


Hi  t 


...  124  OE8CRIPTIVK   GCOaRAPIIT. 

m  8.  The  northern  portion  of  the  stuto  is,  in  part,  mountain- 

oua,  and  but  thinly  Hottled ;  tho  eastern  is  hilly,  and  tolurubiy 
productive ;  whilt!  tlie  Vvestcrn  part  is  level,  remarkably  fer- 
tile, and  increasing  ra|)idly  in  population. 

8.  Tho  agriculture  is  well  conducted.  Wheat  is  tho  chief 
staple  J  but  corn,  rye,  and  other  grains,  are  extensively  ciilti- 
vatcd.  The  flour  is  of  excellent  quolity ;  and,  with  other 
provisions,  is  largely  exported. 

4.  Tho  mnnufncturos  are  extensive  nnd  flourishing,  and  tho 
commerce  of  the  state  is  on  a  great  scale.  Near  three-dflhs 
of  tho  imports,  and  more  than  one-fourth  of  tho  exports  of  tho 
Union,  are  made  by  Now  York  alone. 

6.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  great  abundance,  one'  lead,  gypsum, 
and  limestone,  also  abound.  There  uro  numerous  and  im- 
portant salt  springs  at  various  places.  The  principal  are  at 
Salina  and  Syracuse,  where  more  than  four  million  bushel* 
of  salt  are  made  annually. 

0.  The  mineral  springs  of  Ballston  and  Saratoga  are  well 
known  throughout  the  Union  for  their  medicinal  qualities,  and 
are  much  visited  from  all  quarters.     The  waters  aro  largely 
,'||]  I  exported  to  the  other  states,  oiid  even  to  foreign  countries. 

7.  This  state  sliarcs  with  Canada  Wcst.Uio  Falls  of  Niagara,  one 
of  the  greatest  worJcrs  of  the  western  continent.    Tlio  widest  and 

■  most  imposing  port  of  this  cataract  is  on  iJic  Canadian  side ;  wliile 
that  on  the  Now  York  side,  tliough  narrower,  is  sovoral  foot  higher 
than  tlie  otiier, 

8.  New  York  is  distinguished  for  its  magnificent  public 
works,  of  which  the  Erie,  or  Great  Western  Canal,  is  the 
largest  in  the  state,  and  orte  of  tho  principal  works  of  the 
kind  in  the  world. 

9.  The  success  attending  its  completion  and  use,  fully  convinced  the 
pcupio  of  tho  United  States  of  the  advantages  of  works  of  internal  ini- 
provomcnt.  There  arc,  likewise,  a  number  of  other  canals,  and  also 
ruil-iouds,  in  successful  operation,  besides  some  that  are  partially  com- 
pleted. 


2.  What  is  said  of  the  northern  part  7  Eastern  7  Western  7  3,  The 
agriculture?  4.  Manufactures 7  Imports  7  Exports  7  5.  Iron  ore 
ic.  7  Salt  springs  7  IIow  much  salt  is  made  annually  7  6.  What  is' 
said  of  the  mineral  springs  7  7.  Of  the  Falls  of  Niagara?  8.  How 
.  is  New  York  distinguished  7  What  is  said  of  the  Erie  canal  7  9.  Of 
>ther  canals  and  rail-roada  7 


X 

01 

a 

St 
Ul 

w 

jt 
I" 

m 

Si 

re 
th 
in 

un 

su 
45 
wi 
lio 
da 
mi 
no 
coi 
am 
oil 

hui 
roi 
the 
Cit 
ton 
clii 
ila 
tho 
in 


alli 
13. 

H:iii 
trai 


IIY. 


NBW  YORK. 


12A 


I,  in  part,  mountain- 
I  liilly,  and  tolerably 
vel,  remarkably  for- 

Wheat  is  tlio  chief 
uro  extensively  ciilti- 
y;  and,  with  other 

i  flourishing,  nnd  the 
!.  Near  thrce-liOhs 
of  the  exports  of  the 

c,  anr'  lead,  gypsum, 
I  numerous  and  im- 
riie  principal  are  at 
four  million  bushelv 

d  Saratoga  arc  well 
:dicinal  qualities,  and 
i  waters  are  largely 
foreign  countries. 

Fiilla  of  Niacnra,  one 
lent.  Tlio  widest  and 
3  Canadian  side ;  while 

i»  sovorol  foot  higher 

magnificent  public 
Dstcrn  Canal,  is  the 
icipal  works  of  the 

use,  fully  convinced  the 

if  work§  of  internal  im- 

other  canals,  and  also 

that  ore  partially  com- 


i7  Western?  3.  The 
Exports?  5.  Iron  ore, 
annually  ?  6.  What  is 
of  Niagara?  8.  How 
iie  Eric  canal  7    9,  Of 


■03 

10.  Very  ample  provision  has  \wcn  made  for  popular  education  in  this 
state  J  ami  tliero  is  no  country  in  the  world  wliuro  tlio  great  liixly  of  tlio 
pioplo  liovc  the  incanH  of  k-ing  no  generally  instrueted  as  in  New  York. 
More  tlian  700,000  children  are  taiiglil  annually  in  the  coniinon.nchooU : 
and  there  arc,  also,  880  acadeinita,  1 1  collcgfH,  and  a  univerNity. 

11.  The  people  of  New  York,  during  the  revolutionary  war,  "utrcnn 
«j»ly  mipo8«;d  fne  arbitrary  inrusureH  oftho  Uritish  govcrniiienl.  Tiie 
rtatc,  for  the  greater  part  of  that  gloomy  p<;riod,  was  tin;  theatre  of 
uetivo  hostilities  j  and  the  surrender  olCJciirral  Hurgoync  and  his  army, 
with  other  memorahle  events,  took  pluee  within  its  limits. 

12.  The  city  of  New  York  Ih  siluatcd  on  Manhattan  island,  at  this 
jonction  of  the  Hudson  and  Kiist  rivers.  It  is  tlio  commercial  cm- 
porium  of  America  ;  and  is,  next  Ui  Londim  and  Liverpool,  the  greatest 
in  the  world.  Its  progress  in  pojiulation  has  never  been  surpassed. 
Since  17!»6,  it  has,  including  IJrooklyn,  increased  more  than  ten-fold. 

13.  The  foreign,  coasting,  and  inland  trade  of  this  city  is  immense  > 
regular  packets  arc  constantly  trading  to  the  chief  sea-ports  in  Europe, 
the  West  Indies, bouth  America,  and  all  the  important  in.nritimo  towns 
in  the  United  States.  Stcam-shijis  also  are  constantly  arriving  from, 
and  departing  to,  England,  and  other  European  countries. 

14.  One  of  tiio  most  important  works  in  the  state  is  tlio  aqueduct  for 
supplying  tJio  city  witli  wholesome  water  from  the  Croton  river.  It  ia 
't.'i  miles  long,  and 
will  furnish  60  mil- 
lion gallons  of  water 
daily:  it  cost  12^ 
million  dollars.  This 
noble  structure  was 
commenced  in  1 835, 
and  was  built  at  tho 
expense  of  tlio  city. 

15.  The  public 
buildings  arc  mime- 
rouB,  and  many  of 
them  elegant.  Tho 
City  Hull,  now  Cus- 
tom House,  Mer- 
chants'   Exchange, 


City  Hall,  New  Yorlc. 


Hall  of  the  University,  Artor  House,  Hall  of  Justice,  &c.,  are  among 
the  most  striking  and  important  Tho  churches  are  upwards  of  1  ;0 
m  number. 


„  ,"  /.  ^J!^"  education  ?  How  many  children  are  taught  annn. 
IvLJ  '  -.^  "  *""'  "''  ""'  I^OP'"  °f  New  York  1  Of  the  State  1 
1  a.  Where  is  tho  city  of  New  York  situated  ?  What  is  it  7  What  ii 
H  lid  of  Its  progress  m  population  ?  13.  Foreign,  coasting,  and  inland 
trade  ?     14.  Dio  Croton  aqueduct  7    15.  Mention  the  public  buildings 


■-«■ 


% 


m 


I'M 


DEHCIIimVB  aHOORArilY. 


Great  Firs  in  Naw  York. 


16.  Thii  city  •ufforcd  a  iiovore  lufi  by  the  great  fire  of  Dcccnilxir 
16th,  1835,  which  doitroyod  530  building*,  and  other  property  to  tiio 
•mount  of  more  tlian  wvontoen  iniilions  of  dollttrn. 

17.  Br«x)klyn,  on  tlio  opponitii  itido  of  the  Euat  river,  in  projicrly  a 
■nburb  of  Now  York.  It  coiniimndR  a  delightful  view  of  tlie  city  unil 
Durrmmding  country,  and  in  a  plunHant  place  of  rcBidonne.  Above  Now 
York,  on  the  HudHon,  is  WcHt  Point,  tijc  Hont  of  the  United  State*' 
Military  Academy  for  the  initruction  of  officcrn  of  the  army. 

18.  Albany,  the  capital  cf  tlie  ituto,  ia  15U  miles  north  of  the  citv  of 
Now  York.  It  ii  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  important  inland 
trade,  being  connected  with  the  ocean  by  tlio  Hudion  river,  with  lakcN 
Erie  and  Cliamplain  by  the  State  cunals,  and  with  Boaton  and  Duffklu 
by  one  of  tlie  fmeit  rail-roadi  in  the  Union, 


9i- 


19.  Newburg,  Poughkeepsie,*  Catakill,  Hudson,  Troy,  and  Lansing, 
burg,  all  on  the  Hudson,  are  flourishing  towns.  Schenectady,  Uticn, 
Syracuse,  Rochester,  Locknort,  and  Buffalo,  are  the  moHt  im|)ortuiit 
pfnccH  on  the  Eric  canul.  The  latter  m  the  ^'"at  cm|H)rium  of  tlin  (rridn 
on  Lake  Erie.  Rochester  is  noted  for  its  numerous  tl  Mir-iiiiIlK,  und 
Syracuse  for  the  vast  quantity  of  salt  made  there,  and  in  tlio  vicinity. 

20.  Besides  those,  there  are  many  other  thriving  towns  in  various 
ports  of  tlie  state,  of  which,  Rome,  A  uourn,  Geneva,  ('anandaigua,  Itiiuca, 
Oswego,  Sackett's  Harbour,  and  Plattsburg.iirc  the  principal,  Plattsburg 
is  noted  for  the  two  victories  gained  over  tjic  British  in  1814,  Sackett's 
Harbour  vas  the  chief  naval  station  on  Lake  Ontario  in  the  lato  war. 


Ifi.  What  is  said  of  the  Great  Fire  ?      17.  CcscrilKs  Orooklyn,  &o. 
18.  Albany.     19.  Nrwbuig,  &c.    20.  The  other  towns, 

•  To-kcp'-sy,  ^ 


h 
l( 

ri 
tl 
tl 
■ 
m 
•I 
N 

N 
Si 
of 

01 


ho 
hi 


le  great  fire  of  Dcccnil)«r 
ind  other  property  to  tiio 
lolkr*. 
EuBt  river,  in  proficrly  a 
litt'ul  viow  ol'tlio  city  uiiil 
of  rcBidenne.  Above  Now 
icat  of  the  United  Htatoi' 
ccm  of  the  army, 
miles  nortli  of  the  city  of 
ivo  and  important  inland 
I  Iludion  river,  with  InkcN 
1  with  Boaton  and  Dufiklu 


idaon,  Troy,  and  LanHin^- 
vna.  Schenectady,  UtiL.i, 
,  ore  the  nioNt  ini|)ortuiii 
"•at  cm|K)rium  of'tlin  Inidn 
numerouH  H  Mir-niiilK,  und 
tlicro,  and  in  tlio  vicinity, 
thriving  townii  in  varioUK 
icvn,  ('anandaigtm,  Itliucn, 
clht'principiiK  PlattHburi;: 
Dritiah  in  1814.  Sackett'M 
;o  Ontario  in  the  lato  war. 

.  Dcdcrilio  Oroolilyn,  <bo. 
athcr  towna. 


N«W   JRRHBY.  137 

Map  So.  11.— WhatprovinccR  Iwund  Now  York  <m  tlio  nortii  I  CWt- 
C..Et,  —  What  Htatoa  on  the  mxith  /  I'a.,  N..J.  —  On  the  enat  7  Vt, 
Ma.,  Ct  —  What  ere  the  three  moat  northern  coiintioa  7  H..Lc.,  Fn., 
Cn,  —  Moat  aoutiiorn  7  Rd.  —  MiiHt  euatcrn  7  Hk.  —  M<»t  wcntcrn  I 
C<!.—  What  two  (Trent  Inkca  aopnratc  New  York  from  Canada  Weat  T 
1.0.,  Oo.  —  How  \„ng  are  thoy  I  What  river  forma  part  of  tlio  boundary 
wtween  this  state  and  Canada  Wmt  7  H.-Ia).  —  llow  long  i«  it  7  How 
l<)n(f  la  Lake  Chamulaiu 7  (Icorijc  7  Omida7  Hkenoatelea 7  Caynira  ' 
H<Meca7  Cannndalifua 7  Cr<«>krd  and  Black  I,nkea7  What  throe 
rivera  flow  into  I^ko  Ontario  7  (;o.,  Oo„  Hk.  —  What  fi)ur  flow  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  river  7  H.-Ra.,  Rt.,  OH.,Oe.  —  Which  river  flowa  into 
Uio  Atlantic  Ocean  7  Hn.  —  Which  ia  the  \atgc»t  branch  of  the  HuiU 
»n  river  7  Mk.  —  Tell  the  lenjftha  of  all  the  fi)regoin(f  rivers.  How 
mony  miles  ia  the  Hudson  river  novi)rublo  for  stcaiii.l.oaU?  For 
*ioopa7  For  shiira  7  What  river  unites  I.nkea  Erie  un.i  Ontario  7 
Na.  ~  How  hiirh  is  Mt.  Marcy  7    The  Catskill  Mu.  7 

What  island  is  in  Niagara  river  7  (3d — What  celebrated  fhllsontha 

Niagara  rivor  7  Na.— What  island  forms  one  of  the  counties  of  the  state  7 

r,~      .  .*  '".,"•'  .•=""'■»"'»  ""•''«  counties  7  I,g.  —  What  is  the  lenirth 

"      ,   f,.*;'''"*' '    ^''"t  *!""''  "cparutes  it  fVom  Connecticut  7   Point 

out  Uie  different  places  at  which  battles  were  fought,  and  tlwir  dale* 


,iih,ii ■  U' 


Ballls  of  Trenton. 
NEW  JERSEY. 
1.  New  Jersby  pas.sosscs  considerable  variety  of  surface, 
hoing  mountainous  in  the  northern  parts,  moderately  love!  in 
ho  middle,  and  low  and  chiefly  sandy  in  the  south. 

Mfia  JtriMf.  Q  —  1.  What  does  New  Jersey  |io«sess  7    a  What  it 


w 


138  DKaCRIPTlVB   UlSOOHAPIIV 

'2.  McMt  of  thn  soil  is  will  ciiltivitU'il,  nmi  prodiicon  thfl 
varioiu  (^ruiiiit  (-(iiniiKHi  to  this  part  of  tlm  I'imdh,  with  rniiis 
nnd  vgfilalilrH  in  aliutuliinco,  which  siipply  Iho  tiiurkels  of 
tho  largo  vJdvH  in  thu  udjactiit  Htutts. 

3.  Tho  miiiuifiictun;a  arc  extensive  nnil  flourisliing.  They 
comprise  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  with  various  articles  of 
iron,  glass,  leather,  6i.c. 

4.  Some  important  canals  and  rail-roads  extend  through 
the  state,  ond  udd  greatly  to  the  facilities  of  ititcreourse  bo- 
tween  the  northern  and  southern  parts  of  tho  Union. 

5.  The  |K^(ii»lo  of  New  Jirnoy  boro  their  ftill  uliaro  in  tlio  iwriU  nnil 
hardahl|w  of  tno  ruvohitinii ;  and  HoniR  of  thu  inuMt  iin|Nirtaiit  iMittk* 
of  that  period  wore  fuuKlit  wiliiiii  Iho  liiniti  of  tlio  iituto. 

6.  Trenton,  on  tho  Diiawarc  river,  nt  tho  liend  of «iile-wator,  ti  tho 
rnpital  of  New  Jcriey.  It  liiin  c»iiHideral)l«  triidu  and  iimnutHctureN, 
und  in  noted  fur  tliu  cu|)turo  of  tiiu  Iluaaiauii  in  177ti,  hy  ijunoral 
WaRhingtoii. 

7.  Newark,  10  milo«  wort  from  New  York,  i*  tho  lar^eit  town  in 
the  Btatc.  It  i«  well  built,  and  ha*  extenHivo  nianufiietiireii.  Now 
Urunswirk,  on  tho  Ruritan  river,  ii  a  place  of  coniilderfthlo  triido.  It 
oontaina  Rutgcra  College,  a  highly  rcapoctiiblu  literary  iiiHlitution. 

8.  PaterHon,  at  tho  fall*  of  tho  Paanaic  river,  i«  ono  of  tlio  principal 
manufacturing  towna  in  tlio  country.  Hero  nro  nuniormn  inilla,  fac- 
torica,  foundcriea,  and  ull  tho  ditferent  oatablishnieiitH  neceaanry  in  a 
place  devoted  to  the  fkbricution,  on  a  largo  acole,  of  cotton  and  wooUon 
goodi,  paiK-r,  and  machinery  of  vurioua  kinda. 

9.  Princeton,  11  milca  north-coat  of  Tronton,  is  a  neat  and  ploaaant 
town.  It  ia  tho  acat  of  New  Jeraey  College,  ono  of  tho  oldcat  an<l 
moat  rcapcctablo  literary  inatitutiona  in  the  Union.  Elixabetiitown, 
Burlington,  Canidon,  and  Salem,  aro  thriving  towna. 

Map  No.  11.  —  What  bounds  Now  Jeraey  on  the  north  T  N..Y.  — 
What  on  the  caat  7  A..On.,  N.-Y.  —  Weat  ?  Pa.,  Do.  —  What  river 
aeparatca  Now  Jeraey  from  Pennaylvania  and  Delaware  7  Do.  —  What 
river  aoparatea  it  from  Now  York  7  Hn.  —  Which  aro  tlio  throe  prin- 
cipal rivcra  of  New  Jeraey  7  Pc,  Rn.,  Me.— Which  ia  tho  most 
northern  county  7  8x.  —  The  moat  Bouthorn7  C.-My.  — The  most 
eaatern  7  Bn.  —  The  most  woatern  7  Sin.  —  What  Capo  at  tho  aoulh- 
ern  extremity  of  Now  Jersey  7  My.  —  What  Bay  on  tlio  aouth-weat  7 
Do, When  were  tho  battles  of  Trenton,  Princeton,  Monmouth,  and 

«aid  of  tho  aoil  7    What  docs  it  produce  7    3.  What  ia  said  of  the 
manufactures  7  What  do  thoy  comprise  ?  4.  What  extends  through  the 
itate  7    5.  Whot  is  said  of  the  (leoplc  7    6,  Describe  Trenton.   7.  Now 
ark.    N«w  Brunswick.    8.  Futcrsun.    9.  Frincetou,  and  otlier  towns 


ox 

in 
fai 

ric 

W( 

all 

CO 

till 
an 


an 

irii 


IIV 

I,  nnil  prodiicoii  the 
I)  IJpioti,  with  IruiiM 
iply  llio  luurktU  of 

I  flourishing.     Tht-y 

I  variouH  urticlvs  of 

indx  extend  through 
.'8  of  ►ntercourw)  bo- 
'  the  Union. 

tiliaro  in  tlio  |>orilN  nnil 
riiuMt  im|Nirtaiit  baUkit 
tlio  Ktuto. 

i'hJ  of  Itilc-wator,  in  thu 
ulu  anil  iimnutlictureN, 

II  ill  1770,  liy  Cjurioraj 

i*  tlio  larf^btt  town  in 
)  iiiaiiuructiinMi.  Now 
cuniiiilc'raliiu  trndo.  It 
literary  iimtitution. 
,  ix  ono  of  tlio  principal 
ro  ntiniurmiii  mills,  lac- 
hniciitH  noccDHnry  in  a 
B,  of  cotton  and  woollen 

,  is  a  noat  and  pleasant 

ono  of  tho  oiliest  ami 

Jnion.    Elixabetlttown, 


»  the  north  T  N.-Y.  — 
Pa.,  Do.  — What  river 
Iclaware  7  Do.  —  Whal 
hich  are  tlio  throo  prin. 
—  Which  is  tho  most 
7  C.-My.  — The  most 
V^hat  Cu)io  at  tho  south- 
Bay  on  tlio  south-west  7 
iccton,  Monmouth,  and 

I.  What  is  said  of  the 
hat  extends  through  the 
!ribo  Trenton.   7.  Now 
cetou,  and  otlier  towM- 


Mr»i»«YtvA?irA.  120 

Rod  Bank,  fouirhtt    In  which  lounly  is  Trenton  f     Mr.  —  Newarli  7 
Ex.  —  I'ulurnon  I     I'c.  —  New  llriinnwitk  >    Mx.  —What  is  (lie  jKipu- 
latiiin  of  each  of  Huso  towns  ]    On  what  river  is  Newark  /     Ourlinf 
•on  ?    Camden  ?  Jtc. 


SJii|i  u(  till)  Uiio  rtnniylvtnla. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

1.  Pennsyivania  is,  next  to  Now  York,  tho  largest  in 
extent  of  tho  four  Middle  Stntcs,  and  tho  second  in  population 
in  the  Union.  It  is  higiily  di,stinguished  for  its  various  nmnu- 
factures,  vast  mineral  resources,  and  extensive  public  works. 

2.  Tho  interior  of  the  ntato  is  traversed  by  tho  dilTerent 
riilges  of  tho  Alleghany  Mountains,  whilo  tho  eastern  and 
western  sections  aro  level, -or  moderately  hilly. 

.'J.  Tho  soil  is  generally  well  cultivated,  and  yields  in 
uliundunco  wheat,  corn,  and  other  grains,  with  all  tho  fruiti 
I'ommon  to  the  Middle  States. 

4.  Tho  mineral  wealth  of  Pennsylvania  is  probably  groalei 
'ban  that  of  any  other  state  in  the  Union;  coal,  iron,  and  lime, 
are  found  in  vast  quantities,  and  suit  springs  are  numerous. 

Penntyhania.  Q.— 1.  What  is  Pennsylvania?     For  vhat  is  it  dis 
anguished  7    8.  What  is  said  of  tho  interior  of  tho  state  7    Tho  cast 
ini  and  wmtcrn  cactiona  7    3.  Of  the  soil  7    4.  The  minoraJ  wealU*  J 
H 


111' 


PENcnirrivB  ommjiiapiiy. 

ft.  Tho  wnrkn  of  intfrrml  improvrmitil  iiln-iuly  t'onipl* i> H, 
hnv«  iirldcd  unatly  In  ihf  iiitiTiniiriM'  lK'tw<-«n  ihi-fiidiirn  mid 
W(<:Hti'rii  iiiirtM  of  thit  ('ni<in,  iiiul  nri)  rnpiilly  incniuiiiig  tim 
imdi*  niiii  ciitnincrcit  of  tlio  hUiU\ 

fl.  No  j(in«rnl  nynlfni  of  <diicntion  wnii  ndontrd  in  I'liuw 
•ylvdiiiii  till  l'*'M,  Hiiio<>  ilwtt  imthkI,  tlin  nurii)i*'r  of  mli<M>l« 
niul  McholitrH  htiM  K"'"''y  iiii-nnscd.  llt'MidcM  miirlv  7,(Ht(l 
common  NchooU,  with  M7(I,(IU(I  Hcholiint,  lli<'r<<  Ih  a  Ifni'vrrNitv , 
rJKhtc-n  ('olli<((ir«,  and  ii  niimlxT  of  ruii|M}ctnblu  acadotnn  "• 
und  priviito  hcIiuoIn  in  tho  stuto. 


Olrard  CuU<i(*. 

7.  Tlin  Oirard  Cu)lc|(o,  for  orphani,  near  Pliiliidolphia,  wai  ciuluwi'd 
by  tlie  niiinilicvnco  of  a  private  tiiitividuu'l,  Stephen  Girard,  wlin  d.i'il.iii 
tM33,  and  loll  two  niilliona  of  dullara  fur  Uiu  purpowi  of  erecting  uiid 
■upiMirtiiig  tho  iniilitution. 

H.  I'cnnHyivania  wan  aettlod  by  a  colony  of  F^iRlinh  QtmkerN,  nr 
FriuiiilH,  under  the  (riilduiieo  of  VViiliiini  I'enn,  whoHe  lilieral  viuwH  in 
government  and  reli|;inn  loid  jUNt  |Milii:y  toward*  tliu  niitivoa,  ciihiiiviI 
the  proH|M'rity  of  tlio  eulony,  nnd  pr<;>crved  peace  for  many  ycura 
between  the  Indiana  and  whiti<  actller*. 

9   Tiiiii  atato  acted  a  conapicuuiu  ptirt  in  tho  war  of  tho  rovohitiun. 


5.  Tlio  worka  of  internal   improvement  7    What   have  they  added  ? 

6.  What  ia  fuiid  of  education?  Of  thu  nunibrr  of  achoola?  7.  Girard 
nollege?  8.  Who  nettled  PennRylvu.niii?  What  ia  aaid  of  William 
Ponn  7    9.  How  did  tho  atate  act  during  the  revolution? 


w 


■•II V. 

il  alri'tuly  <'nnipli  ut\, 

ipiilly  mcnaiiiiig  tt\» 

m»  nilojiti'd  in  Perm. 

ho  niirnlit'r  of  ncIuniU 

|kMi<l«(i  miirlv  7,(HMl 

IIkTu  JHtt  l'lllV«rNit\, 

rM|M-ctnblu  acadoniK  ■) 


liladoIphU,  wai  ciuluwi'd 
|i|irn  (tirard,  wlin  d.ril.iii 
pur]iuwi  of  orc'utinK  and 

of  RiiftliHli  QtiakorH,  nr 
I,  wliuHti  lilic'ral  viuwH  in 

UlU  tllU  IllltivOi,  CIIHIIK'd 

pcaco  for  many  yvura 
10  war  of  tlio  rovohitiun. 


Vhat  have  they  added  ? 
rufuchooli?  7.  Girard 
/hat  il  mid  of  Wiliiaiu 
rovoluUon  ? 


rBNNIVLVAKIA. 


131 


It  wm  In  hor  rhief  rity  that  ilorioii*  dtrUratiofl  wi\»  rnntlr,  which 
OiHH'rtiMl  and  idnrnd  mi  a  •urn  liii«i<  Ihn  civil  and  |miIiUi  fit  rlyhta  of 
nuiikitid,  ami  liirmud  a  imw  urn  la  tha  hiatory  uf  tliu  world. 


07- 


10.  Ilarrlahurff,  the  rapital  of  the  itittc,  la  p)e<t«antly  «itiiMi><i  on  th« 
aa>t  iHink  of  tlin  Huw|iiflliaiin'i  rivvr,  !IH  iiij|i<ii  wfnt  of  I'liiludvlphia.  It 
roiitiiliin  ihci  ilata  fa|iili>l,  and  otlii'r  piildii:  lmildini;ii. 

'I.  I'lill.'idi'||ilii4  in  linn  of  tli<i  iiUMt  rri;iiliir  mid  linii>Uoini-|y.liulll 
»itii«  ill  Aiiiiruii.  It  •tiinilM  mi  llio  wi  «l  li^iiik  of  lln'  l».liiwur«  rivrr, 
inw  liiiiidnd  tiiili'ii  IViim  tlin  mm,  niid  im  iinlrd  tiir  tlio  cli  anIiiiuM  uf  lli« 
•tri'i'lii,  itiid  lli«  iii'ot  np|H<nriiii'ii  of  llin  lMiildiii|(». 

t'j.  Ill  niiiiiutiK'tiirca,  it  ii  oiwi  of  ilii<  tlrat  i'iiir<  in  tlio  Uiiintv 
Till'  liinlijii  rriinmi-rro  I*  viry  coiiHidiriildi',  and  llio  inland  triidu  with 
tho  Wr«ti>rii  SliitiK  ia  valimbli'  and  ixlinxivo.  Tlin  ('»|Mirt,ilion  of coaj 
uinployi  many  vrmicU  and  iin-n,  and  a  larjfo  amount  of  lupiliil. 

1.1.  Pliiladilpliitt  il  cidohrutcd  iin  ,i  u-iit  of  lilcraliini  and  irlcnco, 
MIKTiiilly  of  Mil  ilirni  Kcicmcn.  'I'liii  I'liiviriity  of  riiinHylvunia  and 
llif  JutTirKon  Midltal  School  iMttli  tsiijoy  a  liltfh  rcputiilion.  The 
public  and  urivato  ichooU  are  numeroui  and  wJll  uttundud ;  and  tlui 
oity  aboundi  iq  benevolent  and  rrligiotu  iniiitutlona. 


Wire  Bridia  oyer  tho  ■ehuylkill  river,  wild  pun  of  Pnlrmotinl. 

14.  It  il  aUo  adorned  with  many  handHoine  public  buildiniri,  of 

which  tho  CuHtoin  IIouio,  Mcrclmnli'  Kxclmngo,  and  Mint,  aro  the 

10.  DcicrilM!  Ilarrinbursr.  11.  What  ii  inld  of  Philadelphia  7  For 
what  II  It  noted  ?  13.  What  ii  laid  of  iu  maiiufirlurei  I  CommiTce  7 
hxporttttion  of  con!  7  1.1.  For  what  in  I'hiludelpliia  ccl.hratcd  7  What 
«•«  numoroui  7    In  what  duoi  tlio  city  abound  I    14.  With  what  ia  it 


ii 


T 


M 


IS'J 


ItRM'RimVH    ORntiHAriir. 


mnal  okfiinl.    Tim  Alnia.lliHiM,  Miiil«  Pmiiiinllarjr,  NaviiI  A«yliini. 

ukI  (iiraril  ('<ili<'Ku,  sll  ii««r  Uhi  illy,  itru  Uigu  and  liii|N>rliiiit  viliiin  > 

lA.  'fli)'  Kmritiiiitnt  wiilvr-wnrliii,  on  lit*  Hiliiivlkill*  rl«  >r,  ■iimiIv 

Um  elty  wtlli  (iiirH  miiiI  mIiiiUkiiiiiu  witlir,  wlilu'.  m  runvKynl  In  |il|Hm, 

r  ffoiirnl,  In  i!*rry  ilirtrtli.n,     lU'wn  in   lli<«>  wurfcx  lliiTi'   I*  »n 

III  wlri' l.rlilifB,  ;U7liil  In  Unijlli,  mill  10).  .t  ,i.,..  il..  > 

Um  river.    Two  niiirr  brlilgi*  iriwn  il»'  .-^i  iiii>i  lii  iuu  .  i  li  i 

dly  tIMi  Niirllicrn  l.ilwrlli ■  arv  ItKlidU  vvitli  u.ta  in  a  miiHriKr  ihuihi'  > 

16.  Tli:i  kIiIiiuI'  llit>  iimi  i'l  nnaylviiiilti  wiu  l«iill  Inn-,  anil  Ihiiik  Ii- 
In  l*>^1.     'Ilil«  vnit  «lil|i,  iifiilHilily  till  iuritiKi  irinliil,  u  U17 
Alt!  lonir,  mill  511  itiM  |>|  curri»«  1  ID  l|>iii<i  »n<l  '  -             '   »"  burllun. 

17,  I'llinliiirif,  ■ilimlt'i]  Kt  ihu  IiuikI  orilinOIno  rivi'r,  ii  ilia|lii|;ui«li<  il 
(ir  lu  niiiiii  rmu  iintnullirltirit'ii.  A  urritt  firu  iH'inrrt'U  liiri'  April 
I7>ll,  IHiH,  wiiliJi  iliiiilroyiiil  ubiiut  l,OU<l  Iiiiumiii,  U'ikU'*  a  \M  ttiiiniinl 
of  mrrclmniluni  (lin  wluili)  In**  U  cullriiiilvil  at  IVmil  II  iiiilliun  In '.I 
niillioii  itoitara.  MlegUnny  nntl  illrinln|{liiiin  «rt  cimiidvri'il  luburli* 
uf  I'llUburff,  nnii  a>u  ciiiimicU'il  willi  It  by  brUlKC*. 

|H.  I.an('iiiili!r,  A'J  nillo*  want  uf  I'hlUilvlpliin,  U  ■Unntrtl  in  n  rirh  ami 
fl>riilu  oiiiintry.  Kvmling,  K  .  ''tin,  l^lmnnn, ('arlialx,  I'ottcvljli',  lli'uvrr, 
Wilkciibarri'it  ami  Hrlv,  arii  nil  t^iiiiiiiiU'rnbla  town*  i  tliu  latter  li  liii 
IMirtiiitt  uti  aviojunl  ul'll*  lurUiur,  which  U  one  ut'Ui*  b«*(  oti  UMlakaa 

Mip  JV«.  II.— Wlmt  buun'la  Pi'nnnylvanln  on  the  north  7  N.-Y.  — 
South  T  Dr.,  M.I..  Va.  —  Ka»t  I  N.- Y.,  N.-J.  — \V.»l  t  Oo.,  V».  — 
What  river  iir|mrnt«»  IVnniiylvnnla  iVoin  Nrw  Jrrmiy  7  Do.  — Wliiil 
ri««r  llowa  into  ('li(!Mi|i«iiko  liay  7  K.. —Which  ara  III  two  rhivl' 
hranchra  7  Nil.,  Wt.  —Wlmt  rivcra  unitn  at  I'ittabiirir  7  Ay.,  Mu.— 
What  rivrr  (to  llicy  fiiriii  7  tXi. — What  rivrr  llowa  into  tliu  Humiiic 
liannii  abnvu  llarriiliiirK  7  Ja— 'i'l'll  Iho  U'tiKthii  of  tJiu  torrgniiiK  rivcra. 
—What  two  river*  (low  into  tliu  i)clawar«i7  Lh.,  Kl.  — What  river 
llowa  Into  thd  Ohio  Ix^liiw  I'iltalmrK  ^  lir.  —  How  many  iiiiloi  ii  tlifl 
Dclawaru  navi|{nblu  tor  nlfani-boatu  7  — What  mountain*  extend  \m. 
twocn  Ih-rka  and  Hchiiylkill  rountiei  7  ll«.  — What  inoimtniiu  in  tlio 
centre  of  ilm  itiito  7  Ay. — What  two  ridjjea  in  the  wentcrn  |wrt  '  1,1., 
Ct  —  III  which  county  ii  Philadelphia  7  Pa.  —  llarriaburg  7  Dit.  — 
LancuKtor?  Lr.  —  PittaburK  7  Ay. — What  U  tins  populnlimi  of 
Philndelnhin  7  —  Lancaator  7  —  llarriaburg  7  —  HvadinK  t  —  Kaatmi  I 
—  Krio  7  —  Pittaburg  7  —  What  lake  fornm  tliu  N.  W,  boundary  of  tim 
itato  7  I'^c.  — What  town  on  thu  laku  7  Ke,  —When  waa  Drndilgck 
dclbated  7 — Wliero  weru  thu  buttloa  of  Dranilywiiia  and  (Icrinantown 
fought  7 —When  did  thu  nmaiacro  of  Wyoming  tako  pliico7~-Un 
what  rivor  ia  Reading  7  —  I''.aaton  7  —  Pultnviiju  7 — Wilkoabarre  7 

adorned?  M<;r,tion  the  miblic  building*.  13.  Fairmnunt watcr-worka 7 
Wire  Kridg(i7  &c.  lit.  Of  the  Hhip  Pminvylvani»7  17.  Deaoriba 
Pittaburg.     IH.  Lancaator.    Tho  other  towni. 


»&Au|,ai</,Skuol'.kilL 


t  WiUte$barrt,  Wtlka'-bu-r/. 


**w>i««i*'W>H!*iiwli|4.i.ainjHt)lj[ii. .  .  ,  .iWHaiHiii.'L'i 


IIV. 

nil*ry,  Nttviii  A*vluni. 
aiitl  liiiiHirliiiit  t'lillMi* 
liii«lliili*  ri«  <t,  ■iiiiplv 

I  m  rnnviiyril  in  |ii|Ht, 

II  Ml  wiirkii  l)irri'  M  on 
i't'l  aUivn  ihc  ■iirllirn  ol 
Ikiii  titwir  iImwii.  'I'iic 
li  III  •  iiii|H'rii>r  niunnir. 
iiilll  \wH\  anil  Iiiiiiii'Im' 
I'Vcr  iritialrili'liil,  U  'J  17 
*  .1,30)1  liina  burtht  n. 

o  rtvvr,  ii  ili»iiiii;uuli(  <l 
ro  iH!i'urr«U  Iktv  A(iril 
I,  licalili'a  a  viint  Kiiiuiinl 
Bt  IViiiii  II  iiiilliiin  III  '.I 
•rt  ciiiiililt.'ri'il  iiibiirli* 

U  ■llnnU'tl  in  n  rirh  ami 
rllnlc,  I'litUvllli',  Ik'uvi'r, 
iwni  I  tliii  latter  it  nil 
of  Um  Im«(  mi  Um  Ukea 


n  Ihc  north  ?  N.-Y.  — 
.— \V.iif  Oo.,  Va.— 
^Ji>riK!y7  Do, — What 
lirh  tra  ill  two  vUivM 
'JttiburK  f  Ay.,  Mu.  — 
lliiwt  into  till)  HiH<|iic. 
« of  till!  lorrgciiiiif  rivcrn. 

f,h.,  Kl.  —What  riv.r 
low  ninny  iniloi  ii  tlm 

niountaini  extend  ho- 
What  nioiintnlna  in  tho 

the  wotirii  |uirt  ?    Iil., 

-  ilarriiburg  ?     I»ii. — 
iit   iJio    |Mi)iulnlion   of 

-  HciidinK  t  —  Kttiiton  \ 
I  N.  W,  boiliulnry  ol'  lliit 
—When  wna  Uriililui'k 
wine  and  (icnimntown 
ling  tnko  pliii'o  7  ~- On 
lo7— Wilkcubarre? 

'iiirniount  water-work*  7 
ylvuiia?     17.  Deteriho 


barr«,  Wilki'-bu-r/, 


OKLAWARS. 


13.1 


l»i:t.AWARi. 

I.  Dri.AWAmi  U  ih..  »iimlUt  iii.  po|NlkitiM,  and,  excriH 
l(h<H|.t  Miinil,  tlm  Icnm  m  i-xi. m,  ol"  uiiy  ulata  in  iha  IJntnii, 
111  K«»''i'"l  ""l-cl  m  ihut  ol'iui  cxtcniU.I  plain,  trnwlly  favour, 
kblit  litr  ciiliivalion, 

'i.  Thn  rhii'f  priMlurU  nro  wlirat  nnd  Ir.ijuii  corn,  of 
whuh  ihn  lliriiu-r  U  uiwrnlly  of  kxckIIoih  .judluy.  Umiifly. 
wiiio  crii'k,  ill  iliii  iip|MT  part  of  llio  ■Intf,  mipplic*  n\lr>iMivi« 
wiU..r.|K)Wi'r  for  a  lumili.  r  of  liiruo  nmniilhctiirinK  tmt/  'tlJMlf 
mi'iitn.  Tha  priiwipal  nriii'lun  (iiriiwhiui  by  lh«iM>,  arr  ilotir, 
curn-mt'ol,  cotton  mid  w.hiIIiii  i'u..<h,  pufwr,  and  giinpowuor. 

.1.  The  ('lii'.np«'«lu'  nrid  |».  l„vMr.  ( ■  ,n„|.  il,„  NomcwjIIo  «nd  rrenrh- 
i.iwn,  nnd  tlm  I'hil  '. '  'hia  and  lliiltiiii.>r<  riilroiul.,.!«trnd  through  the 
iili|Hr  iMiri  or  tlm  Hl^to.  Th.i  llml  lonn.rli.  Ihltiwari)  ri»rr  and  <;he».. 
imikii  Iliiy,  till-  hut  U  an  ini|H.iinnt  link  in  tli«  tfrpiit  .liairi  olrailro.»Ui 
now  in  ..|i«riitlon  alonif  tlm  Atlantit    'naia  of  thn  IJnl-in. 

4.  Ni«r  lrfm'li.i..wn.iin  iiiiportnni  n«tii,nAl  work,  tho  IVIaware  llfonk- 
•v»tcr,  haa  bi  rn  iirr.ii  d,  (i,t  Jm  |iiirp.,M)  of  aFrding  a  iliDltir  to  vciml* 
III  atormy  wi'iuIht.  TIhj  work  iori...iU  of  i,vo  pTofa,  an  iccbraaaar 
|7(M)  llcl,  and  a  hrf.il'.w  a.r  ^800  .  A  long.  Tho  coat  of  ilio  wholo  \» 
aatinmliid  at  tlircu  niiiiinna  of  dolli    , 

t>.  Wiliiiinglon,.ituatcd  .iilwucn  Chriitianaand  Brandywine  ertaha, 
near  iliuir  lum-tion,  la  tho  iargi  -t  and  iiKMt  Important  ploio  in  tho  at«t<-. 
It  ia  a  wcII.IhiiIi  and  ..lowiiig  town,  and  i;ontoina  a  Unitiid  Htaiea' 
iraonal,  ai.voral  hanka,  i  linr.  hoa,  &.«.  It  haa  conalditrahio  trado,  with 
aoiiiii  niiinut.i(!tur' *,  und  miuI<i  aovcral  ihipa  to  tho  whalu  fiahcry. 

fl  DoviT,  tho  f  i1  of  (fovi'rninonl,  ii  ailualcd  on  Jonoa'a  crtck,  and 
rontain*  a  hand.oni^  Stnt-  llouao.  New  Caatic,  (norgi-iown,  and 
Smyrmi,  aro  p'lima  ,'  »oiiiu  nolo.  Lnwiatown,  n.nr  thu  piitrftnco  Ixi 
Dilnwaro  Iliiy,  la  I'lt.  oidnat  town  in  tho  atatc,  havini  been  ofiginiliy 
aittlud  by  tho  Bvodoa  and  Fiiina,  about  the  your  1030. 

Knp  No.  ;i.— Wh/.t  alato  boiinda  Dt-lawaro  on  tho  n-irth?  Pa.- -On 
flu  Boiith  and  wrat  7  Md,  —  On  tho  eaat  7  N..J.  —  What  riv«-  and 
Hay  ..■pariilo  Didawnro  fi-oin  Now  Jcraoy  "     Dc.  ~  What  (^aiKi  in  tho 

li'"}!'  I**''..'!'"  "";  "'"'"  '    ""•  —  W''"'>  '■  '-ho  m'>«t  northern  oounly  7 
n.-lAi,  —  rVlint  ia  ho  population  of  tho  principal  town  7 

lUhtxpart.  Q.—  \.  What  la  aaid  of  Delaware  7  Q.  Whii'  are  il« 
rhiel'  jirod.ht* ?  ,1.  What  ia  aaid  of  tho  Chcaapeako  and  IHInwiiru 
Canal?  RailroMlM?  4.  'Vhut  ia  anid  of  tho  Dchwaro  Urriik.water  1 
5.  Doacribu  V'ihiiinglon.     0.  Dover.    Now  Caitlu,  and  other  lowiw 


li 


184 


DttCRIPTIVE   OBOORAPHVt 

100 — 


SOUTHERN  STATES. 

1.  The  Southern  States  comprise  Maryland,  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and  Texas.  The  District  of  Columbia 
is  also  includiid  in  this  section  of  the  Union. 

2.  The  whole  region  extends  from  tlic  Susquehanna  to  the 
Rio  Grande  del  Norte :  its  shores  are  washed  on  tlie  east  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  south  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

3  On  the  sea-coast,  the  ground  is  low  and  often  swampy, 
but  sometimes  sandy.  In  the  interior,  the  surface  is  greatly 
diversified,  and  frequently  hilly  and  mountainous.  In  Texas, 
a  large  portion  of  the  country  consists  of  prairie.  The  high- 
est elevations  in  the  Atlantic  States  are  found  in  North  Caro- 
iina.  1 

4.  The  inhabitants  of  the  Southern  States  are  chiefly  occu- 
pied in  agricultural  pursuits;  many  of  them  havela'ge  planU 
ations,  with  numerous  slaves. 

5.  The  wealthy  classes  arc  generally  well-educated  j  possess  cul'i- 

Southern  States.  Q,  —  1.  What  do  the  Southern  States  comprise? 
3.  How  far  docs  the  whole  region  extend  ?  3.  What  is  said  of  the  land 
(in  the  sea-coast  ?  In  tlic  interior  7  4.  How  are  the  inhabitants  chiefly 
Bn)i)loyed?    5.  What  is  said  of  the  wealthy  classes?    What  of  tba 


m 


'iSEi§4sa«ss*»%.yrfssffiss3»fej'- 


HV. 


•ES. 

Maryland,  Virginia, 
II,  Florida,  Alabama, 
1  District  of  Columbia 
lion. 

!  Susquehanna  to  the 
ashed  on  tlie  east  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
V  and  often  swampy, 
he  surface  is  preatly 
ntainous.  In  Texas, 
f  prairie.  The  high- 
found  in  North  Caro- 

ates  are  chiefly  occu- 
icm  have  la'ge  plant- 
educated  ;  possess  cul'i- 

ithern  States  comprise? 

What  is  said  of  the  Innd 

re  the  inhabitants  chiefly 

classes?    What  of  tb« 


S^^ffiifSS] 


SOUTHERN   8TAT£8. 


135 


Tatod  minds,  and  refined  manners ;  and  are  noted  for  their  hospitality. 
Education  iH  not  no  general  among  the  poorer  classes  of  the  people  as 
in  the  Middle  and  Kustcrji  states, 

6.  Nearly  the  whole  of  tho  cotton  crop  of  the  United 
Slates  is  raised  here ;  which,  with  sugar  and  rice,  is  confined 
to  its  southern  section.  In  the  northern,  tho  principal  pro- 
ductions are  tobacco,  wheat,  and  corn. 

7.  Gold  abounds  in  nearly  all  the  Atlantic  States  of  this 
cj!;ion  J  but  is  almost  exclusively  confined  to  the  upi)er  and 

middle  portions  of  the  country.  This  metal  is  now  so  cxtoiv- 
sively  found,  as  to  have  become  an  object  of  national  import- 
ance. 

8.  The  ^old  region  embraces  a  great  extent  of  country,  and  reaches 
from  Virginia,  through  Nortli  and  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  to 
Alabama. 

9.  Branches  of  the  United  States'  Mint  are  established  at  Charlotte, 
in  North  Carolina,  and  at  Uuhluncga,  in  Georgia,  for  tho  purpose  of 
coining  tho  gold  found  in  tiic  Southern  Slates. 


101 


10.  The  population  of  the  Southern  States  is  chiefly  of 
British  origin.  There  are,  however,  many  descendants  of  the 
French  and  Spanish  colonists,  particularly  in  Louisiana  and 
Florida. 

11.  In  Louisiana  tho  French  language  is  spoken  to  some  extent,  and 
the  laws  and  some  of  tho  newspapers  are  published  both  in  tiiat  tongue 
and  in  the  English. 

12.  Tho  inliabitants  of  Texas  include  natives  of  all  parts  of  the 
Union,  Ixisides  foreigners  of  ditl'erunt  European  nations,  and  a  tew 
Mexicans,  the  remnant  of  the  Ibrnicr  proprietors  of  tlio  country. 

13.  The  Negroes,  who  form  about  two-fiflhs  of  the  population,  con- 
stitute  a  separate  class,  and  are  mostly  held  in  slavery.  The  Indiana 
have  nearly  all  emigrated  to  the  Indian  Territory,  west  of  Uie  Missis. 

ippi  river. 

Map  No.  5. — Which  is  the  largest  division  of  tho  Southern  Stales  1 
Ts. — The  smallest?    S..C.— Which  is  tho  most  northern?    Va. — 


poorer  classes  T  6.  What  is  said  of  the  cotton  crop  ?  Of  other  produo. 
tions?  7.  Where  does  gold  abound?  What  has  it  become  ?  8.  What 
does  the  gold  region  embrace  ?  9.  What  is  said  of  the  United  States 
Mint  7 

10.  What  is  said  of  the  population  7     11.  Of  Louisiana?    12. 
inhabitants  of  Texas  ?     13.  Of  the  Negroes  ?    Of  the  Indians  ? 


The 


~"m!^ 


136 


DESrniPTIVR   GKOOnAPIlV. 


Soutliern  7  Fa.  —  EuBtcrn  7  N.-C.  -Wrslnrn  7  Th.  -  Wl.ieli  diyi. 
•ioim  bonlor  on  ilio  Atlantic  Oronn  7  M(i.,  Va.,  N.-('.,  8..C.,  On.,  t». 
— WLicli  border  on  the  CJiilf  of  Mo.xiro7  Fn.,  Aa.,  Ml.,  La.,  Im.- 
What  state  in  divided  by  dirnniicaltB  Bay  into  two  i>artfl7  Md.— 
The  Soutliern  Stateii  extend  from  latitude  4a  to  24  degrees.  How 
many  dofrrees  of  latitude,  then,  do  they  eompriHC  7  Tliey  extend  frnin 
longitude  li  deprres  en»t  iV.Mn  WaHliingtun,  to  304  west.  Wliiil 
»mijunt  of  longitude  do  lliey  include  7 


Bombardment  of  Fort  H'Henrjr. 


MARYLAND. 


1.  Maryland  is  more  irregular  in  it?  outline  than  nny 
state  in  the  Union,  and  is  divided  by  Chesapeake  Bay  into 
two  sections,  which  are  called  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Shores. 

2.  In  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  commerce,  this  Stat 
holds  a  respectable  rank.    Flour  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
productions.     Of  the  former  article,  more  than  600,000  bar- 
rels have  been  inspected  in  Baltimore  in  one  year. 

3.  The  chief  mineral  products  are  iron  and  coal.    The 


Maryland.  Q.— 1.  How  is  Maryland  divided?    3.  Wliat  is  said  oi 
lie  »)(ricuUure.  manufacturei,  and  coinniorce?  3.  What  are  the  chiei 


til 
C 

Iji 

Ci 

ur 
S( 

"1 
<li 
ci 
i.s 
Ik 
111 
ill 

CI 

1)1 
ri 

DC 

In 
ai 
(II 
•,t 


Ir 
ei 
V 

V 

i! 


IIV. 

7  Th.  — Whidi  divi. 
L.,  N..(\,  8..C.,  Gn.,  F» 
I,,  Aa.,  Mi.,  La.,  T«.- 
o  two  pnrtflT     Md.— 

to  24  degrees.  How 
no  7    They  extend  fniin 

to  3Ui  west.     Wiiiil 


iiy. 


it?  outline  than  nny 
IJhesapeake  Bay  into 
lastora  and  Western 

commeroe,  this  Stat 
(bacco  are  the  staple 
re  than  600,000  bar- 
one  year, 
iron  and  coal.    The 


d  T    9.  Wliat  is  said  o, 
1  3.  What  are  the  chief 


MAnVLAND. 


W 


first  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  State ;  the  last  ocurs  in 
the  western  part  chiufly. 

4.  Tiio  Stiitc  of  Maryland  was  settled  by  a  body  of  Roman 
Catholics  under  Lord  Ualtiinore,  whoso  wise  und  liberal 
novcrnnienl  nttnictcd  emij^niuts  from  all  quarters,  and  tended 
greatly  to  the  early  growth  and  pro.s|)erity  of  the  colony. 

5.  Dtiltiinoro  i»  on  a  brancli  of  tho  Patapsco  river,  14  rnileH  from 
Clicsapcaitc  Duy,  nnd  200  from  the  Hen ;  it  poHHCHgcs  un  cxteiiNivu  foreicr 
and  dotiicrttic  trade,  nnd  in  liic  ffretitest  Hour  tnarl<ct  in  tho  world, 
i^'uvcral  rutl-roads  connect  this  city  with  other  parts  of  tho  Union, 

6.  The  piihUe  huiidiniirs  arc  niuneriitH,  and  many  of  them  hundHomo 
sjMJcimonH  oi'anhiteetiire.  Tiie  K.xehiinjje,  the  Itomnii  Calliolic  ('iithc- 
dral,  and  the  Hallio  und  WnsliinKton  MonumentM,  arc  among  tiio  prin- 
cipal. Tlio  latter  is  the  finest  structure  of  tho  kind  in  the  country.  It 
is  a  Doric  colunni,  140  fett  in  heiffht,  nnd  i!0  ftct  in  diameter  at  the 
huttom  ;  it  Hiands  on  a  pedcHtal  lliat  is  elevated  20  feet  from  tho  ground ; 
on  tho  lop  is  a  colos.sal  stiituc  of  tho  Father  of  his  Country.  Several 
iui|>ort.int  rail-roads  centre  in  Daltimorc,  which  add  greatly  to  it«  trade 

7.  Fort  M'Henry,  a  short  diHtanco  below  tho  city,  commands  tho 
entrance  to  the  liaibour.  It  was  bombarded  by  the  British  in  1814; 
hut  b<;ing  brHvcly  defended,  tho  aasailanta  were  tbrccd  to  retire. 

8.  Annapolis  is  tho  capital  of  Maryland.  It  is  situated  on  Severn 
river,  three  miles  from  Chesapeake  Kay.  The  State  House  is  a  hand- 
gomo  building,  in  which  tlic  old  Congress  held  some  of  their  iciiioni. 

9.  Frederick  City,  '^7  miles  west  of  Daltimorc,  is,  in  point  of  popu. 
lation,  the  second  place  in  the  state.  Hagerstown  and  Williamsport 
arc  thriving  towns.  Easton  and  Cambridge  are  tho  principal  places 
on  tlic  Eastern  shore.  At  Enunitsburg,  in  tho  northern  part  of  tho 
•,tatc,  is  Mount  St.  Mary's  College. 


Map  iVb.  1 1 .  —  What  bounds  Maryland  on  tho  ncrlh  7  Pa.  —  South 
and  west '/  Va.  —  East  7  Dc.,  A.-Ou.  —  What  bay  and  river  divide 
Maryland  into  two  separate  parts  7  Co.,  Sa.  — What  rivor  separates  it 
troni  Virginia  7  Pc.  —  What  rivers  flow  into  Ctiosapoako  Bay  on  the 
east  side  7  Ck.,  Nc,  Pe.  —  What  rivers  on  tho  west  side  ?  Pt.,  Po.  — 
Which  is  tho  most  eastern  county  7  Wr.  —  Tho  most  western  7  Ay. 
—  On  what  river  is  Ilavro  do  Grace  7  Cumberland  7  Upper  Marlboro'  ? 
What  is  tho  population  of  Baltimore?  Of  Frederick  City  7  Of 
Ilugcrstown?  Annapolis?  Easton7  In  what  year  wag  the  battle 
of  North  Point  tbught  7  Of  Bludcnsburg  7  Of  Havre  de  Grace  7 
What  mountains  extend  tlirough  tho  western  part  of  the  stato  7    Ay. 


mmcrat  products  7    4.  By  whom  was  Maryland  first  settled  7  What  ij 
<aid  of  this  government  7    5.  Describe  Baltimore.    6.  Its  public  build, 
•ngs.    The  Washington  Monument  7.  What  i.)  said  of  Fort  M'Hopjy  1 
iL  Ucfcribo  Aunapolii*.    9.  Frederick  City,  and  other  towoa, 
S 


— "w^swte^iBer' 


138 


t 
,» 


DBSCRIPTIVE   OEOORAPIIY. 

103 


View  ill  Wulilnfton. 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

1.  The  District  of  Columbia  is  a  territory  under  tlio  imtno 
dinto  government  of  Congress.  It  comprises  Wnsliinj^ton 
CJounty,  and  contains  the  cities  of  NV'uslyngtoa  and  (Jcorgc- 
town. 

2.  Previous  to  the  year  184G,  it  iiicliidril  WaHliinjjton  Connfy  on  llip 
Maryland,  ond  Alexandria  I'ounty,  on  tlic  Virginia  iiido  of  r<it(iiiiuc 
river.  The  enuntry  forminir  llifBo  cnimticR,  was  crded  to  the  United 
States  by  the  BtateM  of  Virginia  and  Maryhmd,  in  171)0;  but  in  ISlli, 
Aloxanifria  (^lunty  and  City  were  retrocedcd  to  Virginia  by  CoiiffrcHM, 

3.  The  Dintrict  of  Columbia,  called  alno  the  Federal  Diiitrict,  uuh  a 
tract  of  country  lU  iniicH  H<|uarc,  and  contained  100  8(|uarc  niilen.  Il 
now  mcoHureii  lU  miles  in  extent  from  north-west  to  Houth-east,  and 
from  ft  to  5  mileii  m  a  direction  at  riglit-anfrleB  with  the  furnior,  and 
containn  G4  square  miles. 

4.  Tho  City  of  Washington,  tlio  Capital  of  the  United  Stated,  wiis 
laid  out  in  I7!)l,  under  tho  suiiorintcndenc^e  of  tho  diHtinguishcd  man 
whooo  name  it  bears;  and  in  the  year  18UU,  tho  seat  of  govcminent 
was  changed  from  Pliiladclpliia  to  this  place.  It  is  110  miles  from  tho 
mouth  of  tho  Potomac,  and  300  from  tlio  sea. 

DUtriet  of  Columbia.  Q.  —  l.  What  is  tho  District?  What  does  it 
comprise  ?  contain  7  2.  What  did  it  once  include  ?  By  what  States 
and  when  was  it  ceded  7  What  was  done  in  lti4U  7  3.  State  its  former 
dimvnsions.   Its  present.    4.  What  is  tlio  City  of  Woahington 7  When 


fin( 

01 

1 

I  he 
hoi 
VV. 

I 
Inn 
Clii 

t 
(ID 

•t'l 
•I'll 
llu 
wil 
wh 
c 
ubc 
son 
is  I 
tho 

1 
thr 
t«l 

I 
!iidi 
lati 
nor 


St.i 
Co 
an( 


wai 
Wii 
sail 
Ser 
Ion 


'>!«-■*»  ■tnWJIJU.m ill,,  I 


iinii»n'  \  '!ii'»')«'j^i.wj:.'ii!'." 


IIY. 


IIA. 

ory  under  tlio  immc!- 
npi'iscs  Wasliiiigton 
yngton  and  (Jcorgo- 

Hliinfrton  Counfy  on  llip 
rjrinia  siilo  of  r<it(iiiini' 
iras  crcli'd  to  tlii;  UnitccI 
,  in  171)0;  but  in  leii'i, 
>  Virginia  by  CoMffiTss. 
Fi'dcral  Dixtrict,  wuh  a 
d  100  B(|uarc  niilvH.  Ii 
west  to  iHoiith-oast,  and 
!8  with  tlio  furnicr,  and 

the  United  States,  wiis 
tlio  diHtingiiislicd  man 
the  Beat  of  government 
[t  is  110  miles  from  the 


>iatrict7  What  doci  it 
ludo  7  By  what  States 
4U  7  3.  State  its  former 
ifWoahington}  When 


w,^' 


niBTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA. 


130 


A.  Waiihinfrton  Ir  the  ri'Hiilunro  of  the  Preiidcnt  of  tha  United  Statoi, 
.nnd  the  other  chief  rxcculivo  oiYui'tt  of  the  liencral  UoTornment, aJao 
ut  the  dltfervnt  foreign  ministeFii  lent  tu  thia  country. 

C.  The  Niitional  CongrcMi  nieeti  hero  in  tho  Capitol  overv  year  on 
(lie  firal  Mundiiy  in  Ucecmber,  and  the  Supreme  Federal  Court  also 
lioidn  itM  annual  HCNHions  in  tliiN  eity.  During  tho  icuion*  of  Congroei, 
Wailiingtun  in  tlirongcd  with  viHiton  I'rom  all  parti  of  tho  worlo 

7,  Tho  Capitol  ia  &  magnificent  building,  of  wliito  frrotone,  359  foel 
I'ing,  ill  the  iilm|H!  of  a  croiiK,  with  tho  RopreMcntativci'  Ilall  and  Senate 
CJiambvr  in  the  two  wingi,  and  a  spacioua  Itotundo  in  tho  ecntro, 

8,  Tho  RepreBontativee*  Hnll  is  nvmifircular,  95  feet  in  length,  and 
fiO  feet  in  height,  lighted  from  the  top,  and  adorned  wilii  a  coloiinadu 
il'  plIlnrH  beaiitiluliy  poliihcd.  It  ii  one  of  the  fnii-ot  linllB  in  the  worlti 
'i'lio  Senate  ('hambcr  ib  of  the  same  8lia|)c,  and  74  li^et  long.  Tha 
Uotundo  Ih  !)()  Cect  in  diameter,  and  is  9G  fui't  to  tho  top  of  tho  doiTW 
within.  It  in  all  of  marble,  nnd  the  floor  is  liaiidnoinely  paved.  TIta 
whole  hai  a  most  grand  and  imposing  clFcct. 

9.  The  President's  House,  built  of  whito  freestone,  on  an  eminence 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  west  from  tho  Capitol,  presents  u  ver^  hanck 
some  apiKiurancc.  It  is  two  stories  high,  with  a  front  of  180  leet,  and 
is  lurroundi^d  bv  extensive  grounds.  On  each  side  are  tlio  otHcea  &>t 
tho  State,  War,  fifavy,  and  Treasury  Departments. 

10.  Georgetown,  separated  from  Washington  by  Hock  Creek,  is  a 
thriving  jiluce,  and  has  some  coniincrcc.  It  is  tho  seat  of  Georgotowr 
(k)llege,    'i'hero  is  also  a  nunnery  containing  Irom  5U  to  70  nuns. 


Map  No,  11. — On  what  river  is  Washington  City  ?  Pc.  —  On  which 
side  in  it  ?  E.  —  On  which  sido  isticorgetuwn?  E, — What  is  the  popiv 
lation  of  each  of  these  places?  What  parallel  of  latitude  touches  the 
nurlhern  end  of  the  District  7 


10-i. 


VIRGINIA. 

1.  ViHoiNiA  was,  until  the  annexation  of  Texas,  the  largest 
st;ite  in  the  Union ;  it  was  the  first  settled  of  the  English 
Colonies,  from  which  circumstance  it  is  ollen  called  "tlto 
ancient  dominion." 


was  it  laid  out  7  When  did  government  remove  ?  5.  Who  resides  in 
Washington  7  6.  What  body  meets  there  7  What  Court  ?  What  h 
said  of  Washington  7  7,  The  Capitol  7  8.  Representatives'  Hall  T 
Senate  Chamber  7  9.  President's  Hou°e  7  ID.  Alexandria  7  George* 
town  7 

Virginia,  Q.  —  1.  What  is  Virginia  7    What  is  it  often  called,  and 


^iiC 


ii 


140 


DF.NCHirTIVB  OEOOnArilVt 


Burrenilcr  or  Lord  L'ornwallii. 

2.  Mnny  eminent  men  wcro  natives  of  Virginia ;  among 
whom,  titc  iiluatrious  Washington,  with  Jo^Ic^rson,  Mudison, 
and  Monroe,  were  all  Presidents  of  tho  United  States. 

3.  This  state  is  traversed  by  tho  Alleghany  Mountains  nnd 
tho  Blue  Ridge.  Tho  country  cast  of  the  latter  is  generally 
level,  while  the  western  division  is  hilly  and  mountainous. 

4.  Tho  productions  of  the  north  and  the  south,  wheat,  cot- 
ton, and  tobacco,  arc  all  raised  hero.  Indian  corn  is  also 
extensively  cultivated.  Gold,  copper,  lead,  iron,  coal,  and 
salt,  abotind.  Several  companies  are  at  present  employed  in 
workintt  the  gold-mines. 

5.  Thftinineral-springs  of  Virginia  arc  celebrated  for  their 
medicinal  jMaij^rties,  and  are  much  resorted  to  during  the 
summer  seSlSwt  The  principal. of  these  are,  tho  Warm,  tho 
Hot,  and  tho  iSBtc  Sulphur  spfings. 

6.  Several  iinpomAtjrail-roiidB  and  canals  arc  alrcndy  finished,  am) 
others  are  advanein^tail^ardg  completion.  Hy  t'lcsc,  tranaporlutinn  and 
travelling  wilt  bo  rendcK^j^sy  throvigh  v,  large  portion  of  tlio  atatc. 

7.  Virginia  was  among  the  leading  HtatoH  during  tho  Revolutionary 
war.  In  tho  year  1781,  tho  sicgo  and  xurrcnder  of  Yorktown  to^tU 
place — when  Lord  CornwalliH  ana  hiH  army  wcru  made  prisoner!  of 
war;  an  event  that  secured  tho  independcnco  of  tho  United  States. 

why  1  2.  Who  wcro  natives  of  this  state  ?  3.  What  mountains  are 
in  Virginia?  4.  What  are  the  productions?  What  is  said  of  gcM,  Ac.? 
5,  Of  the  Mineral  Springs?    6  Ruil-roads  ?    7  What  was  Virginia  I 


% 


""WMf ,11,'^'  "tfiafm ■" fi»-'WMi.ijiwiL>!-iin>>jf "I.", I ; .,).:.-j>'i.: 


of  Virginia ;  nmon<» 
Jo^I^rsoii,  Mudison, 
Inilcd  States, 
hnny  Mountains  nnd 
ic  latter  is  ^onernliy 
;ind  mountainous. 

he  south,  whnut,  cot- 
Indian  corn  is  nhn 
ead,  iron,  coal,  and 
present  employed  in 

0  celebrated  for  thoi  r 
sorted  to  during  tho 

1  are,  tho  Warm,  tiio 

ro  alrcndy  fmishcil,  and 
:liCBC,  traiiHporlutinn  and 
:c  portion  of  tlio  statn. 

jring  tho  Rcvoliitionnry 
rider  of  Yorktown  to(jl< 
t'cru  madu  prisoners  of 
)f  tlio  United  Statca. 

I.  What  mountnin*  are 
'hat  is  said  of  (fcM,  Ac.? 
7  What  was  Virginia  ) 


VIRGINIA. 


141 


Naiiiral  Urid|e,  V^iiiin. 


8.  The  Natural  jBridite 
over  Cedar  Creeii,  a  hmall 
stream  runiiint;  into  Janus 
•iviT,  coi.sisls  of  an  enur- 
nioiiM  cliaMMi,  !2(>U  fei^t  in 
depth,  nearly  inrpindienlar, 
throiij;h  whieli  tliu  cri't  k 
pasMH.  A  hii^o  rueic  is 
thrown  across  tlio  chasm  ut 
the  top,  liiriniMK  a  natural  I 
liridfTi!  (iO  li'ct  in  width,  and 
covered  with  soil  and  trees. 

!).  Kieiimond,  tlio  capital 
of  the  statu,  stands  un  Jainei 
river.  111)  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  surrounded  liy 
a  fertile  country,  and  has  a 
llourishinif  trade.  lUi  exports 
are  wheat,  tlour,  tobacco, 
and  coal. 

10.  Nor(!>lk,  on  F'lizabcth 
rivor,  is  tho  principal  sea- 
port. It  has  a  fill"  harbour,  and  more  foreign  nommcrco  than  any 
other  town  in  the  state.  At  Uosport,  in  Portsmouth,  on|M>sitc  to  Nor- 
folk, is  ouo  of  the  most  important  Navy-Yards  of  tlio  Uuitad  States. 

105 

11.  Potcrsliur)r,  FredcricksburK,  and  Lynchburfr,  are  each  importnm 
towns.  Wheeling,  nn  the  Uhio,  is  the  channel  of  a  unreal  deal  of  busi- 
ness. Yorktown  is  celebrated  for  tho  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  to 
the  combined  American  and  French  armies,  under  Ueneral  Wasliinff- 
ton.  Charlottesville  is  the  seat  of  tho  University  of  Virginia.  Monti, 
cello,  two  miles  from  this  place,  is  noted  for  having  been  tlio  residence 
of  Thomas  JeflerBoii,  PrcHident  of  the  United  States.  ' 

Vi.  In  Westmoreland  county,  on  tho  Potomac,  is  shown  tlio  spot 
where  Wnshiiij^ton  was  born.  Tho  house,  which  stood  about  halt^  a 
mile  from  tlio  river,  w  now  in  ruins.  A  simple  stone,  with  the  inscrifi- 
lion,  "Here,  on  tho  11th  of  February,*  1732,  Gsorcib  Washinoton  was 
bom,"  dofignates  tho  consoeratcd  spot. 

13.  Farther  un  tho  river,  8  miles  below  Alexn  ria,  is  Mount  Vernon 
tho  former  residence  of  that  great  and  good  juiii.  Ale.vindria  is  on 
the  Potomac  C  miles  below  Waphington.  It  belonged  for  4(5  years  to  llu' 
District  of  Columbia,  but  was  retroeeded  by  Congress  to  Virginia  in  1 8  l(j 

What  is  said  of  Lord  Cornwallis, &,c.  7  8.  The  Natural  Bridge  ?  9.  Rich, 
mond?  10.  Norfolk,  &,c.?  11.  Petersburg,  and  tho  other  towns?  For 
what  is  Yorktown  celebrated?  Of  Charlottesville ?  12.  Where  wat 
Washington  born  ?     I'l.  Wiiero  is  Mount  Vernon,  &c.  ?    Alciandria  V 

•  Old  Style,  which  corresponds  to  the  23d  of  Febriiarjr,  Now  Stylo 
tho  day  celebrated  as  tho  annivorsary  of  Washington's  birth. 


•H 


I 


i 


143 


i)r.Mt;Rimvf:  u»m]Rapiiy 


Map  No.  5.—  Whnl  iHmtiJii  Virifinia  on  tlio  norlli 7  Pa.,  Md.— .On 
iheioiirh?  N.-Cn.— KiiHl?  A..()n.— VVcul  ?  On.,  Kv.  —  VVliat  rivti 
icparnlci  Vi.giniii  from  Ohio?  On.— Wliiili  from  .Viiryliuul  ,'  I'l: 
—  Whui  rivir  mid  iiioiintiiinH  Oom  KiiiliKky  ?  U.-Sy.,  ('<l.  —  VVIm 
iwo  riiiiRi'*  nf  tiioiintninii  oxl<  nd  tliroiiirli  Vir({iiii,i7  Ay.,  H..Re,— 
How  loiiK  and  IiIkIi  nrr  llio  All('i;lmiiy  .Moiiiituiiiii? 

Map^  No.  II. —  Wlml  liny  »ir[mr;iU»  ihc  two vimtcrn  rniinticH  (Vom  the 
rent  of  the  iitatc?  Cii.  — Whnl  two  Ciiimii  ut  ihu  ttilrniuf  of  thiKii. 
l>iuko  Iky?  Ch.,  Ily.  —  In  whut  county  In  Hichinond  f  llo,  —  In 
wliich  in  Norfolk  7  Nk.  —  Lvnchhiirx?  CI.— Whiilinir  f  <»"■  — 
IVtrmbiirg;?  I)p.— In  which  county  in  Wii»hin|{t(iii'H  hirth.|iia(ii  ' 
W'd.  —  Mount  Vernon  ?  Fx.  —  Thu  ('nivtmity  of  Virginiii  t  Ac  — 
In  wimt  yiur  did  CoruwnlliH  tmrrcndir  I  —  Whut  four  rivtrH  How  into 
t'ht»a|HMiko  liny  7  I'c,  Kk.,  Yk.,  Jn,  ~T(II  iho  Icniflh  of  ciiih.  — On 
wImt  riv«r  iH  Uichuiond  f  Jb.  —  IVtcmburif  7  Ax.  — I.ynchlturK?  Jk, 
-Yorktown?  Yk.  —  Fri.'dcrickglmrK  ?  Kk.~  Wlitcllnjr  /  Oo. — 
< 'hurhmton  ?  Kn.  —  iS^c  JM/jp 'J,  —  A  vuHtiniunlity  of  huU  i*  innnuihc. 
turcd  at  thii  place.  Whut  atruomr  form  Jatnc«  R.  7  Knnnnko  U.  7 
YorkR.7dio. 

KKl 


Making  Tar. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  North  Carolina  is  an  extensive  but  thinly  peopled 

Slate.    The  country,  for  more  than  sixty  miles  from  the  const, 

is  a  low,  sandy  plain,  intersected  with  many  swamps  and 

inl(.'ts  from  the  sen,  and  covered  with  extensive  pine  forests. 

Nor'fi  Carolina.  Q.  —  1.  Wliat  is  Nortli  Carolina  7    Describe  iIm 


H»H.H,i|il!  ('jiyii-iiift',  jMwywfigi! 


lY 

nrlli?  Ph.,  Md.  —  On 
111,,  Kv.  —  VVliiit  rivei 
nun  Aiiiryliitul  ?  Pc. 
U..Sy.,C<l.  —  WhM 
Ilia?    Ay.,  U..Re,— 

IN? 

liTii  ronnlirM  ftnin  (lia 
Ki  ciilrniu'c  (if  Clioii' 
icliinoiid  f  llo,  —  III 
-Whnlinirf  Oil. — 
liiiKtiiii'H  liirtli-plaei! ' 
of  Virginiii  t  Ar.  — 
t  (ixir  riviTH  How  into 
loiiKtIi  nrciii'li.  —  (III 
X.  —  I.yiicliliur((7  Jk, 
-  WlurliiijT  '  Oo.— 
ty  ol'Hult  in  innniilhr. 
■  R.  ?     Krmnnko  R.  7 


)Ut  ihinly  peopled 
lies  from  the  const, 
iniiy  swnmps  nnd 
sive  pine  forests. 

ilina  1    Describe  iJm 


NORTH   CABOMNA  143 

9.  In  lh«  interior  the  Hurface  is  vfirinl  nnd  liiily ;  and  o» 
the  wcHtPrn  frontit-r  it  nnci mis  into  niounluins,  whose  Muinmitx 
ur«  the  ni.wt  elevated  (if  any  in  the  Atlantic  JStiileii;  Hluck 
Mountain  king  0170  liit  in  lieiglit. 

a.  TIh!  pine  foresfH  which  occupy  the  lower  part  of  the 
Slute,  furnish  one  of  the  numt  inipilrtant  items  nf  itn  trade, 
producinj^  turiH-nline,  tnr,  pitch,  rosin,  nnd  luinlj<'r,  in  gr.!at 
abiuid.inci!. 

4.  Tho  commerce  is  limited  for  want  of  }^ood  harlxHirs; 
and  th(!ro  is  no  larno  coniinercial  town.  The  iriule  is  carri(«l 
on  chii  fly  through  tho  ports  of  the  niMghlxmring  states.  The 
exports  uru  cotton,  rice,  tolwuco,  und  tho  produce  of  tJie 
foresfH. 

5.  Gold,  iriin,  aiiil  black  Iciid,  with  loino  cnpprr,  iiro  Ihc  principal 
niinoralii  olNortli  Curoliim.  'I'liu  iie'ita  oftlui  turiiicr  aro  oxtoiiitivuly 
worked,  and  aro  iivon  coimidrrrd  of  ((real  national  iiii|Kirtaiii:u. 

6.  A  branch  iiCtlio  United  HuIch'  Mintlmii  bti-ii  CHtablinhod  at  Char, 
lottc,  for  tho  purpoM)  of  coining  tho  gold  loiiiid  in  tliia  ajid  thu  neigh- 
bouring itatca. 

7.  Raleigh,*  the  capital,  in  near  the  went  bank  of  Nouae  river 
llero  Wtt»  tho  Stoir  llouyc,  containing  (Iniiovn'ii  cclobrutud  Btatiio  of 
VVaahington,  which  waa  duatroyud  by  (iro  in  1831.  A  now  and  ipluii- 
did  granite  building  haa  ainco  buun  oructod. 

8.  Wilmington,  on  ("apo  Fear  river,  30  miloa  from  the  aea,  ia  Uk> 
largcat  town  in  North  Carolina.  It  carrioa  on  an  active  trade  with  thu 
Northern  ond  Middle  Statoa,  and  alto  with  the  Wuat  Indioa.  Thia 
place  ia  llio  southern  lorniinulion  of  an  extoiiaivo  line  of  riiil-road. 

9.  Fayctteville,  at  the  head  ofateani-boat  navigation,  on  Capo  Fear 
river,  containa  a  United  State*'  armory.  NcwlK;rii  \h  ailuatcd  ai  tliu 
junction  of  Nuuae  and  Trent  river*.  Salem  and  Charlotio  are  imall 
but  tliriving  pla-jca.  Chapel  Hill,  about  30  milua  from  Raleigh,  con- 
tuna  the  Univcraity  or  North  Carolina. 


Map  Nn.  a.  —  What  bound*  North  C  irolina  on  the  north  7  Va 
the  Noutli  I  S..Ca.,  Ga.  —  Eout  7  A.-On.  —  Weal  J  To.  —  What 


the  north  7  Va.  —  Or 
aioun. 


I 


interior.  What  high  mountain  is  in  this  state  ?  3.  Wiiat  occu|  job  tlie 
lower  part  of  tho  atato?  What  do  thoy  produce  7  4.  What  in  Haid  .»l 
the  coinmerce  7  What  are  the  exports  7  5.  What  ore  tho  principal 
minerala  7  6.  What  is  established  at  Chorlotto  ?  7.  Which  w  the  caui. 
tttl  7  8.  What  is  said  of  Newborn  7  Wiluiington  7  9.  Fayctteville, 
and  otiior  towns  7 


•  Raltigh,  Raw'.le. 


t44 


OKHCKIITIVB   (JtlHiHArilV. 


'aim  exianH  tlirmiKli  dx'  wi***  purt  ol  North  (^lrlllillltT  Ay^  R.-Re. — 
Wliich  U  IIk<  higlii'.t  iiiouniuiii  I  Uk.  —  lluw  liigli  u  i(  1  Wiwt  tlirM 
'«po»  on  tho  coait  t    lln.,  Ll.,  Fr. 

Map  No.  II. — What  two  noiiiulii  ill  NoMliCarolinii  T  Ai».,  Pci. — How 
long  iiri' Ihi'V  ?  Whnt  two  riviTi  How  into  Allwiiinrln  Hoiitiil  F  Kit,, 
'"ii.  —  Which  two  into  I'uniliir)  S.iiiiiil  /  Tr.,  No.  —  In  wliiil  direction 
iu  Ihu  <'«pn  I'Vitr,  l.iimlHr,  Yuilkin,  unil  Ciitnwliii  river*  flow  7  llow 
Mig  arc  ihry  7  llow  fur  nri'  Chowiin,  lioiiiioki',  Tiir,  nnil  Ciiihi  Fcnr 
rivcro  nnvi|;iiMv,  and  for  wliiit  kind  nf  vi'uhi'Ih  /  llnw  iniiny  iiiliahitiintM 
Imvu  Wilniin^tun, NowlM<rn,  Knyi'tl<>villc,  l(uti'i|;li,('hiirhittc,.iiid  KdcD. 
Ion  7  On  H'liiit  river  iH  lliilifiix  7  Kdi'iiluii  7  'riirluiro'7  l.oiiiiihiiry  ' 
In  whnt  county  in  the  llnivcrBity  of  North  t'iiroiiim  7  Oo. <— ^  In  wlml 
year  waa  tlio  iMitllc  uf  liuillord  ('ourt-lliuiito  I'uughl? 


^^K^;,z__ 

IS^^^ 

•^■.iftfrw^  • 

>— '**^.'i 

.;    JfJf*.;.•^.v*.' 

f-***^^^ 

p* 

i 

gJ^JI 

If'-',     vc 

r^ 

j5rvii^i«pi  V-..0 

^M^j>XiMl''"""l 

IF        ' 

^J 

"^^     ,■,!    «   '-/.V.^l' 

'  -^ 

ic*^ 

"^.y^-Wj*^ 

•"-'■   *^'>A^_, 

^^ 

mtlla  or  Eiitaw  Hiirinp. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

I.  Thu  dtato  lies  nenrly  in  tiio  form  ofn  tr!nnji!o  bptw«*»i 
\otlh  Cnrcilino  nnd  Gcorjria.  It  is  alHiiil  Imiftlu!  sizo  of  the 
l(iti*;r,  nnd  is  similar  to  the  adjoining  states  in  climate,  soil, 
md  productions. 

8,  Cotton  and  rice  ore  the  grcot  staples  of  South  Carolina, 
nut  corn,  wheat,  oata,  potatoes,  and  tobacco,  are  also  amongst 


Smith  CatMna.  v,'- —  !•  What  ia  aaid  uf  thia  atate  1    How  dn«a  it 
iumiMr«  witii  Ueurgia  7    S.  Whiit  ia  lS«  grcAl  ala.|il«  1    Wii»l  are  ilr 


0 

u 
» 

ir 
tl 

tti 

I'd 
M 
w 


t(i 
w 
tn 


IV. 

•liiiitr    Ay^R.Rit.— 
fh  >a  it  >     WiMt  UirM 


iliim  T  Ai>,,  Pel.— How 
«iMiirlo  Hiiiiiiil  1  Iin„ 
,  —  III  wlint  ilirccliiiii 
in  rlTcr*  flow  7  I  low 
',  Tiir,  nml  t'ii|m  Fi'nr 
low  iiiiiny  iiilialiitiiiili* 
i,('liiirliilU',  <iiiil  I'McQ. 
iirluiro'7  I.iiiiiiiliiiry ' 
inn  ?    Oc.  —  III  wlmt 


r  n  tr!nnfx!o  brtw«*!i 

ImU'tlu!  sizn  of  the 

itcs  in  climutc,  soil, 

I  of  South  Carolina, 
0,  are  also  amongst 


Htato  1 


IIow  dnoa  It 
Wiial  are  ilr 


•ni'TII   CAROLINA.  113 

\X*  pnxliirt*.     Inilii^  wna  liirimrly  iirrMlurrJ  in  Inrgc  rjunn. 

lIlK':!,  Illlt  ill  l-ultUr>'  ix  UDVV  ulKlllilnlKd. 

•1.  THm  iHinHMPrtT  in  ivMi  iiKiv«  nnd  vidii'ililn.  It  «'onf«iiili) 
in  the  )>.x|i<)rt  (>rn;{ririiliuriil  |ir<KiiirtM(irili>' xiatc,  iinil<it'lur{j[i) 
"jiuiiitiiKs  oi'  tlii)i«!  riii'M(l  ill  (iiM)r;;iii  anil  Norili  Caniiinfi. 

_  4.  'I'lH'Clnirlfiilon  mill  lla>nliiirirriii|.Ma<l,  IMti  iiulcain  li  iii^lii,  Imiii* 
•>rtli<^  tiiiMt  iiii|t<irtiiii(  witrkx  <>i  lliu  kiiiil  in  Ihr  Soiiilarii  Hlntcn  /it  coiv. 
•  riicl'  il,  uiiil  li.iH  ulfLiMly  grr.iily  Ih  iivllitil  tliii  truilu  of  I  ImrliNUiii, 

.1.  Till!  while  resitkiilM,  cHiMiinJ'y  of  tlm  lower  and  inidill* 
Motiont  of  iho  Htuli',  uiij  «liii(lv  wtiilthy  planti  rs,  whn,  in 
iffniTui,  Imvn  lar;^o  ini'oiiKM,  unii  uro  diitlingui^hinJ  liir  their 
ui!fili:^i-nii'  uiid  n  liiHinfiif. 

(i,  Hiiiiili  Curiiiiiiii  »»«  nil  illiiMtriiiiM  nrtor  nnd  miirrrir  in  tho  wnr 
ofiiuli'iHiiiliiK;!',  Hit  fiiinl  il  \v;ii  i;.r  a  <'oii.,iilrrali|i'  |K'ii..il  in  jnimmiii. 
tiiiii  of  Ilin  riiiiiiy  i  anil  idr  Ii;i|||,  ^  uCilic  i:ow|><  in<,  Kiii:;'h  ,M«ui)iiiiii, 
iiiiil  Kiil.iw  S|iriiiir4,  wirn  aiiiuiiK  (liu  munf.  iiiiiNirtanl  l!iat  (uok  |t|uM 
iJiiriiiK  till'  rt'Viilutiuiiiiry  cmiti'iU. 

7.  t'liurliiiliin  Htnnili  nt  llic  jimrlion  of  Aiihify  •nil  (ampj-r  ri»or«  ; 
ll  U  the  priiuijMil  lity  of  Smilli  I  aroliim.  anil  lii-i  l.ir((mt  in  tl.o  Atluntir 
•laliM  Hiiutli  o(  tliu  I'otuiiiK!  rivi'f.  Ila  I'luoiiii  rrii  in  i'MikJiIituIiIi',  uiiil 
i*  nnjumlly  iiiiri'nHliij{.    Tim  <  iiiiTii«  arc  notnl  Hir  tliiir  lioHjiiinliiy. 

8.  Culuiiiliiu,  till!  r.ipilul  of  tlio  nJiili-,  Id  rr(rii!iir|y  Iiiid  out,  willi  vory 
wido  ulrt'ctH,  mid  in  n  iiially  built  town.  (fti>r«'lo\VM,  on  VVinynw 
Dny,  Oiiiidrii,  on  tlip  WuUrco  river,  and  HiiiiiiMirif,  <m  the  MavuniiaJi, 
u|i|H»itc  Augimto,  &ru  miioiigHt  tliu  |irinci|Hil  Icaiiii  of  tlic  Htato. 

Map  No.  12.— Wl.ttt  Inmndn  S.iiitlii;iiroliii«iiM  llif  north  7  N..C«.— 
Oil  till)  wont  I  On.  —  K«Ht  t  A..«>n.  —  What  hmt  w|.ar.ili'rt  il  from 
Utoruia?  8li.  —  What  rivi-rn  tlow  into  Winyuw  lluy  I  O.A'i:,  Ww. 
—  VVhut  rivur  south  of  Winyuw  Uuy  7  8o.—  Wliut  rivtm  Ibrin  the 
Snnlce  7  Wc.,«  tic.  —  Tho  t;on|{isrco  '  8iu,  Hd.  —  Wliat  rivi^H  flow 
into  St.  Huluna  noiiiul  )  Ko.,  C«'.  —  Wh«t  are  th«  liiiKth*  of  nil  Um 
forcffoinjf  rivcm  7— How  iiiiiiiy  iiiileii,  and  lor  whu;  iiiiidH  of  vcmuU,  «rc 
the  Wuitnniaw, Grunt  Ftdic,  Waitric,  m.d  t;<iiH{;ir«'o  rivi m  n.ivi({ablo  7 
—Wlmt  U  tho  imimlalion  of  t^liarlcHton  7  —  Of  C'oluiiiliin  7  — (.•mnikn 
ond  Ocorjfftown  7  —  In  what  year  wu»  tlio  bottle  of  Fort  .Moultrii! 
fon(ilit7— Chnrloiiton7  — Monk'n  (loriu-r  ?— (Juti  «  ikfcatid  '— Kiiir'h 
Moimtiiin?  — (;ow|M'n»7~  Hobkirk'n  Hill  nnd  i;iiluw  S|»rinK»  '  —  In 
what  district  U  ClmrluHton  7  (In.— Coluiiil.in  ?  ltd.  — CunuUii  '  Kw 
—Which  in  tho  mu«t  northern  dUtrict  I  —  MoMt  itouthtrn  7  -  Eu«tcrn  7 
— WcHtcrn  7  —  Near  tlio  junction  of  wlint  rivcrn  i»  Culuiiibin  ! 

othorproducUT  3.  What  Imiaid  of  the  commorce  T  4.0rth«('hiirlM. 
ton  and  Hnmburjf  rnil-road  7  5.  Of  Iht;  whitu  renideiilg  7  «.  Wliul 
w«o  South  Uurulina  in  tho  war  of  indcpondcnoo  7  7.  UcicriU  Cimrlc*. 
ton.    6,  Coluiiiliin,  &.c. 

TlM  WniMM  ii«w  Wf  in*.  «a<  te  Utowtai  orit,  u  Uw  aMulh  •fUit  M'mmm  C  M>! 

T 


lid 


I 


nmcittrTtvB  aenonArnv. 


i 

l^J^^if^     1 

(i'lM   Mlllin|, 

CfHORCIA. 

1.  (ScoKiiiA  i!«  lli(>  lliini  in  extent  of  iho  Sotilhein  Stateii: 
it  wtM  lli(>  liiNt  HI  tli(  il  of  III)'  tliirli'cn  ()ri;{innl  colonicM,  unci  in 
now  rnpiilly  incrciisin^  in  w<'iillli  nnij  |H)puliition. 

-'.  'I'll*'  iiti'uX  Htiiplf'df  (!((ir;;iii  ix  roiton,  the  crop  of  which, 
Ml  1*<4(I,  «'xci'«(|i'(l  l(i:(  niilliiin  poiimlM.  Tho  other  productM 
an'  I'orn,  rito,  hinilK-r,  pilcli,  tnr,  nnd  tiirpf-ntino,  which  nn'  all 
"xporiril  to  II  liiri^i'  ■inoiint.  Hnint-  luhncco  is  likcwittn  rniscd 
in  ill'.'  northern,  and  ^iij^ar  in  th'i  Hoiiilicrn  jmrts  of  Ihi'  Htnto. 

:J.  Tho  cnllun  produced,  nn  in  South  (-'nrolinn,  i"«  of  two 
kind-4,  iho  w'u  ihliuul,  nnd  uphtrul.  Tlin  former  is  douhie  the 
Millie  of  llie  other,  and  i<i  ruined  only  in  8niuil  (pianlitinH  on 
ihe  islands  that  hi-  aioii,;  tlio  Hca-coast. 

4,  The  priiiiipal  mineral  is  gold,  whiVh  is  found  in  tho 
not 'hern  part  of  the  Nlafe,  and  engnnen  tlic  lalxjur  of  nunier- 
HIS  individuals.  Irnn  and  cop|>er  also  occur.  Several  rail« 
nmdsi  arc  now  in  progresM  in  thin  tttato. 


Genrgia.  Q. —  1,  What  ii  uniil  <if  (irnrRia?  3.  Wh»t  ii  the  Rro»t 
itnplr  i)f  llio  Htutc  1  Vhnt  U  tho  amount  oftlio  annual  rrrm  ?  What 
iro  tho  otiicr  prodiirta  1    3.  What  ii  laid  uf  cotton  7    4.  What  is  tii* 


h 

r 


II 
ft 
II 
H 
H 
ri 
H, 
II 
II 
tl 
ri 
ill 


n 
II 
1 


ri 

7, 

(J 


riiv. 


liin  ffdulhotn  Stnteit: 
p;iiml  cdloiiici,  and  ia 
)puliitii)n. 

)ii,  the  crop  of  which, 
Tho  other  prmlurls 
pfiitiuo,  whicli  nri'  all 
irco  i«t  likowisn  rniscd 
rii  [inrlH  of  ihi'  Htnto. 
h  (.'nroliiui,  is  of  two 
'  forriu'r  is  drmhio  Ihit 
n  Hiiiuii  (|tiaiilitins  on 

hii-h  is  linitid  in  tho 
the  liilxjiir  of  iiumtT' 
occur.     Sovcriu  rail- 


T  9,  What  ii  llio  gre^i 
ho  anniul  rrop  ?  What 
;ottun7    4.  WImt  is  Um 


IMOftlUA. 


M- 


A,  KttifiiMMk|tll  tiM  rtvtH  ot  tU  mi<<  irnaw,  •titl  ii  Mil  »  Amr  Uot 
iit.t, u  'Im  < iii< I  •..iiiMii  ri  III  i)i<|H,i  ui'ciiiirjiiii.    II  lulliml  fomU  iVsm 

Ilio  <(r>  .1  rill  ..I  In.'o  ,  |m||  It  Imx  rri'iivrn-l  l^ont  lUI  iktmk,  m4  M  •! 
iirta  lit,  >  <>•'  III  III.   iiiiial  llniirialiti  |(  rlllr*  HI  tlio  atHitlitirn  aUU**,     Mil- 

[ij^i  till  ,  iiii  •  i,.ii.ii  III  iiiii  kUd',  I*  •iiiiniiil  <i(i  ihu  oiiiitoQ  ri«cr.    It 

U  •  ptilt  I' III   •inn      h  III    ,  mill  I  ..iit.illia  till    Si  ilu  liiiuwt. 

Ct,  AiiBuatn  u  II iiur  .  iii|i.>riiiiii 'I    iiii<  aiiiip,    It  in  eiMtmiiieii 

Mtih  ('liiirlinlim,  Uy  llu>  ('li.trl<  •tiiii  iiikI  llm  iliiirii  ruit-i  imi  i  mitt  with 
h  tmitiiili,  by  tlui  Havaiiiiitli  rui  r.  Ii  h  hi  II  Imili,  aimI  iiiinlnlti*  tuiiiiv 
litnijiuiiiii'  piililiu  I'llillt'i'D.  A  liriiigq  tUUU  llul  liiiig  iti;riw»  tliu  H>iviui. 
r'lli  I'Kiiiii't'ia  It  Miili  llmiilmrtr, 

7,  ('iiliiniliiK,  nil  iliii  ('liititiiliniH'luf  rivrr,  anil  Mitfnn,  im  llio  Oi'iiiul. 
(IT,  iiii>  uiiiiiiiunl  llm  moat  l!iiiirialiiii|{  |iliii'(»  III  (iiorirlii,  Ditrltiii, 
MrutiaNNUili,  uiiu  Hu  iMury'a,  on  lint  M'it<i'iiu*l,  uru  tiii|iruvitiK  Iuwik. 

M'lp  S'».  11.  —  What  Iwiiiiiila  G<  urttiii  on  tho  north  f     N.-Ca.  —  (Jn 

1,'nai.iiih'  Fa.  —  Kaai;  H..C,.,,  A..<hi.-- Wial '  Art.  —  W  lul  rWur 
■t'lmrulia  (it'iirgi^k  IW>iii  t'niiih  (  urnliiiii  /  Hit,  — .  Whiit  rlviT  Miinrattn 
It  III  jiirt  iViim  Al'ihuiiu  .'  C'r.— WliAt  ritir  In  |iurt  ll'oiii  I'lurlilit  7 
S..Mi>. —Wliitt  lUii  ri*iri  lluw  indt  lint  Atlmilli'  onun  !  Wi.,  Of.,  Aa., 
8«.,  K.,',!a.  —  Whnt  riM  ra  iliriii  tin  AI.il.iiiiulii  ?  «»i',,  (»,, —  U'hiit 
rivc'K  liiriii  llm  Ajxil'irlliiiii  f  IV,,  I'l,  ~  Wlml  in  iIh  j>M,iiilaiii,ii  of 
liaviiiM\ih'  Au(unIii  '  I'lilii  iiliiia  ^  IMiiriiii  f  III  mIi.iI  I miiitii  inrn 
tlicmi  Inwiia  '  ('in,,  ltd.,  .Mr.,  Illi.  —  In  mIiuI  I'liiiiily  la  Milli  il|;ii«illu  / 
iiii. — To  what  lownH,  utnt  Imw  llir  rrniii  llio  am,  dn  iili'iiin.liout!*  iiaci'nd 
tho  Hiivaniiit'i  f  (Itnntuf  (kinulucii '  ('hiiibiluKii'lnu  f  «iul  Flint 
rivnrii '  WVich  i«  tho  larfffat  ialand  I  t'd. —  What  uxti'iivivo  aw.'iinp 
ill  WuM'  i.nunly  )    Vi.  —  When  waa  tlui  tMttlu  ul'  Havititnali  iuught  I 


100' 


FLORIDA. 

1.  FuiiiiD.v  is  tho  inoMt  Sdiilhirn  por'ion  of  tho  United 
Stutr.ii.  It  was  for  m-ariy  SfV)  years  a  .Spanish  province, 
Biid  HUH  cmU'iI  hy  F-iaiii,  in  l^tlW,  to  lliet  Arni-rican  govern, 
nieiil  In  lHv".i,  I''li>iiilii  was  liiriiK'd  iniD  a  tciTilory  ;  and  in 
Iw-if',  was  ndmitted  into  tlio  Union  as  tho  ^7th  Mliite. 

2.  riu)  Hurlifco  of  tiio  country  is  level,  and  not  much  oio- 
vulcd  abovo  tlx  sea.     Tho  Hoil  alon;^  tho  Htrcaiiw  i.s  vciy 

|irinri|ml  riiiiirriil  7  W'liiit  uro  llio  uthrr  iiiincrnlNT  Wllfit  la  aiiid  (if 
ruil-roiida  7  5.  Di'arrilH'  Httvuiinuh,  Millcdguvillo,  0.  Auguatu,  &u. 
7.  Culunibua,  and  tlin  othor  towtiM, 

Florida.  Q. —  1.  What  waa  Florida?  When  wni  it  ccdrd  t"  th« 
(Jnittid  HlatPa  7  Whon  waa  it  formod  into  a.  tPT-itory  7  When  waa  it 
admitted  into  the  Cnion,  die.  7    3.  What  ia  aaid  of  tho  aunace  of  tht 


I 


i 


mtlK. 


148 


DE8tim'rivE  ocotiUAriiY. 


fertile,  and  well  suited  to  tho  production  of  cotton,  rice,  to- 
hncco,  8iifj;ar,  and  corn.  Orunycs,  ligs,  dates,  and  pomcgrun- 
atC8,  arc  cniong  its  fruits. 

3.  But  a  smuli  part  of  Florida  is  under  cultivation.  Many 
portions  of  it  are  better  suited  for  a  ^raxing  tlian  nn  aj^ricul- 
tural  diuirict.  Largo  herds  of  cattle,  horses,  and  swine,  range 
over  Its  pastures. 

4.  Live-oak  timlx-r,  so  valual)Ie  in  ship-building,  is  one  of 
tha  most  important  products  of  Florida ;  and,  with  cedar  logs, 
boards,  scantling,  tkc,  arc  cut  to  a  considemblo  extent. 

6.  Tho  Seminole  Indiiins  occupird,  iinlii  Inti-ly,  llic  Evorijtiidcd,  ■ 
flat,  marsliy  district,  in  the  Hoiitlitrn  part  of  the  tirritory.  Iroiii  tlii.i 
region  the  HnviigcH  siillicd  fortli,  (Miiniiiitting  iiumi.roUH  dcpredutioni* 
upon  the  wliitc  iiilinhiliints.  In  Ibl-J,  nflor  ii.  content  ofHcveral  ycara' 
duration,  thiy  were  removed  to  llio  Indian  Territory. 

6.  St.  AugUBtinc,  260  miles  Fouth  of  Charleston,  is  tho  oldest  town 
in  tho  United  States,  and  is  built  in  the  Sj)anisli  style.  Its  elimato  ia 
delightful,  mid  it  is  ofleii  resorted  to  by  invalids  in  (|uest  of  heaitli. 

7  1  ullahaseee,  tho  capital  of  Florida,  is  21  miles  north  of  St.  Mark's, 
on  Afttlachec  Hay,  It  contains  the  Capitol,  and  several  churches  and 
banRs.  St,  JlarkV,  Apalachicola,  and  St.  Joseph's,  uro  tho  chief  com. 
nitticial  places  of  Jliddle  Florida.  They  arc  all  thriving  towns.  Ten. 
Muola  ia  important  aa.a  naval  station  for  United  Slates'  ships  uf  war 

Map  No.  5,  —  What  bounds  Florida  on  the  north  7  Ga.,  Aa. — On 
the  cast  ?  A.-On.  —  West  and  south  7  G.-Mo,- —  What  Cajxj  is  on  tho 
cast  coast  7  CI.  —  What  Capes  on  tho  west  7  S.-Bs.,  Rs.,  So,  —  What 
Bays  on  the  west  7  Pa.,  Ac,  Vr.,  Ta.,  Cm.  —  What  arc  tho  two  chief 
lakes  7    Ge.,  Uc. 

Map  No.  12.— What  rivrr  separates  Florida  from  Alabama?  Po. — 
What  from  Georgia  7  S.-Ms.— What  rivers  flow  into  Pensacola  Bay  7 
Ktt.,  B,.Wr.,  Y..Wr.  —  What  into  Choctawhatcliio  Bay  7  Ce.  —  Into 
Aj)ulacliec  Bay  7  Oy.,  Oa.  —  Into  Vacassar  Bay  7  Se,  —  What  river 
II0.VS  into  tiio  Atlantic  Ocean  north  of  St.  Augustine  7  S.-Js.  —  What 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  Apalachicola  ?  Aa.  —  Tell  the  lengths  of 
the  seven  rivers  that  have  figures  attached  to  them.— What  is  the  jwpu. 
lation  of  Tallahassee 7  —  St.  Augustine  7  —  Pensacola,?  —  In  what 
counties  arc  these  towns  7    Ln.,  S..Jn„  Ea. 


country  1  Of  the  soil  ?  Of  its  productions  7  3,  For  what  is  it  better 
suited  7  4.  What  is  cut  to  a  considerable  extent  7  Which  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export  7  5,  What  ia  said  of  the  Seminole  Indians  7 
What  did  they  commit  7  6,  Describe  St  Augustine.  7.  Tallahassee, 
and  tiie  other  town*. 


IPIIY. 

ion  of  cotton,  rice,  to- 
,  dutCH,  and  ponicgrun- 

lor  cultivation.  Many 
fixing  tlmn  nn  aj^ricul- 
)rscs,  and  swine,  ran|^o 

liip-l)uilding,  is  one  of 
;  and,  with  cedar  logs, 
isideniblc  extent. 

Intcly,  tlic  Evprij'iuics,  i 
the  ti'i'ritory.  I'  roiii  tlii.i 
J  iiumirouH  flcprcilationi* 
1.  conlcut  ofHcvt'ial  ycara' 
'crritory. 

rlcston,  is  tlio  oldest  town 
lisli  Htytc.  Its  climiito  ia 
lids  in  quest  of  Jicallli. 
miles  north  of  St.  Mark's, 
and  several  clmrelies  and 
si'pliV,  lire  tlio  chief  coin, 
all  tlirivinj;  towns.  Pen. 
iled  Slates'  ships  uf  war 

c  north  ?    Go.,  Aa. — On 

).  —  What  Caj)o  is  on  the 

S.-Bs.,  Rs.,  So.  — What 

-  What  arc  the  two  chief 


la  (rom  Alabama  7  Po. — 
low  into  Pensacola  Bay  7 
itchic  Bay  7  Cc.  —  Into 
Bay  7  Se.  — What  river 
igUHtino  7  S.-Js.  —  What 
U.  —  Tell  the  lengths  of 
Ihcm. — What  is  the  jwpu. 
-  Pensacola  7  —  In   wJiat 


3.  For  what  is  it  better 
extent?  Which  are  the 
if  the  Seminole  Indians  7 
{ustino.    7.  Tallahassee, 


SU' am  bunt  loading  with  cotton. 


ALABAMA. 

1.  Alabama  is  remarkable  for  its  rapid  growth  in  popula- 
tion, wealth,  and  general  prosperity.  In  the  year  1810,  its 
inhabitants  were  less  than  10,000  in  number;  and  now  the 
State  contains  nearly  seventy  times  that  amount. 

2.  Cotton  is  the  chief  agricultural  product ;  in  1840 
upwards  of  117  million  pounds  wore  raised  in  the  state. 
Corn,  the  principal  grain,  is  raised  all  over  the  state,  and 
some  tobacco  is  cultivated  in  the  northern  counties. 

3.  Several  useful  works  of  internal  improvement  have  been 
lately  constructed,  and  others  are  proposed.  The  principal 
of  these  will  connect  the  most  fertile  districts  in  the  interior 
with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  add  greatly  to  the  wealth  and 
prosperity  of  the  State. 

4.  The  various  rivers  which  traverse  both  the  northern  and 
southern  sections  of  Alabama  admit  of  an  extensive  steam- 
boat navigation,  by  which  the  valuable  production^  of  the 

Alabama.  Q.  —  J.  For  what  is  Alabama  remarkable 7  How  many 
inhabitants  were  there  in  1810  7  How  many  now  7  2,  What  is  the 
chief  product  7  iVii  it  are  also  cultivated  7  3.  What  is  said  of  works 
of  internal  improve*  lent?    4.  For  what  are  the  rivers  woU  adapted? 


-  ^  r:^,',f^f,,*^.  tlU.iyr. .  (i.^^*  ■ 


150 


DKb&niFTIVK  OEOailAPIIY. 


nucrioi  State  arc  conveyed  to  ita  great  coinmorcial  markets, 
Mobile  and  New  Orleaiia. 

5.  Tho  people  of  Alabama  wore  greatly  haraRncd  during  Uie  late 
war  by  the  doitrcdatioiiH  of  tlic  Creek  and  Seiiiinolo  Indiana;  they 
were,  hnwcvcr,  Hi^rnuiiy  defeatud  in  suvcral  duii])erato  cngagcniont*,  of 
which  Tuiiupoka  wan  tlie  principal. 

G.  Mobilu,  at  tliu  head  uf  Alobili;  r.,y,  was  tho  fimt  lettlcd  place  in 
th(!  slate;  it  ih  the  chii'f  dcpnl  of  its  coniinurcf.  TuHcalouKa,  iho  latu 
cuiiilul,  iiia  tuwnof  8omu  trade;  it  contains  tho  University  of  Alabama. 

7.  ."Mt.ntgonrifry,  on  the  Alabama  river,  became  in  1847  tho  capital 
of  the  statu.  Wi'tuiiiplia  nn  the  Ciiosii,  and  (iaineHvillo  on  tho  Tom. 
bijfby,  all  in  the  centre  of  the  Klate,  arc  thrivinj,'  towns.  Florcnct, 
'I'uHcumbi.i,  Decatur,  and  llinilsville,  in  the  vulioy  of  tliu  Tennessco 
river,  are  each  places  of  buuio  note. 


Afn/>  A'o.  12.  — What  l)oiin(l.s  Alabanitt  on  tho  north?  Tc  — Tho 
east?  Ga. — Tho  west /  Mi. — Wliat  state  and  gulf  on  tho  south 7 
Fn.,  Mo. — What  riv<!r  k<  parate.t  .Mabama  fiom  Florida?  Po. — What 
river  tlows  into  Mobile  liny  I  .Me.— What  two  rivers  form  Moliiiu 
river?  'i'y.,  Aa.— Wiial  rivcrn  form  the  Alabama?  C'a.,  Ta. — What 
river  Howe  tlirouf,fh  the  norlhiin  part  of  tliu  state?  Te.  —  On  what 
river  is  Tuscaloosa?  ll,.Wr. —  How  long  is  the  Tombigby  ?  Alaba- 
ma '  Coosa?  Tallapoosa?  What  is  the  population  of  Mobile? 
Wclumpka?  Iluntsville?  Tuscaloosa?  Florence?  Montgomery? 
In  what  county  is  Mobile?  Me.  —  Tuscaloosa?  Ta.  —  Horcnco? 
Lc.  —  Huntsvillo  ?  Mu. — Wctumpka?  Cu.  —  How  many  miles  aro 
the  following  rivers  navigable  lor  steam-boats:  viz.  Tennessee?  Tom- 
bigby? Black  Warrior?  Alabama?  In  what  year  was  the  baltlo 
of  '1  ohopeka  fought  7    On  what  river  is  Florence  ?    Decatur  1  &.C. 


111 


MISSISSIPPI. 

1.  This  state,  like  Alabnmn,  is  remarliablo  for  the  great 
tncrenso  of  its  population.  Emigration  some  years  ago  was 
so  e.xtcnsive,  that  the  numlx;r  "f  the  inliabitants,  between  the 
years  1830  and  1840,  was  vftry  nearly  trebled. 

2.  Cotton  is  the  chief  production  of  Mississippi,  and  it 
employs  nearly  nil  the  industry  of  the  people.  The  crop  in 
1840  was  upwards  of  193  million  pounds,  being  tho  largest 

.').  By  whom  were  tlic  people  harassed?  Wliot  is  said  of  them? 
t).  Describe  Mobile.  Tuscaloosa.  7.  Montgomery.  Wetumpka  and 
oUinr  towns. 

Misiissippi.  Q.—l.  What  is  this  state  remarkable  for  7  What  has 
tnkcn  placp  since  18.10?    2.  What  is  the  chief  production  7    What 


T' 


]<m 


of 
vat 

< 

but 
the 
imj 
are 

4 
tion 
by 
rem 

5 
Stat 
and 

6, 

is  n 
higl 
oft 
the  1 
larlj 
ircc! 
inlai 

wen 
said 
part 


IIY. 

uniinurciul  markcta, 

raHDcd  during  the  late 
oiiiinolo  Indiana;  they 
>urato  cngageinonta,  of 

10  fiFRt  settled  place  in 

,  TuNcalouKa,  the  late 
Uaivorsity  of  Aluhanm. 

mo  in  1847  the  cnpital 
linoHvillo  on  tlio  Tom. 
'in(j  townH.  Florenct, 
uhcy  of  tlio  Tt'MiiusHcu 


ho  north?  Tc— Tlio 
1(1  gulf  on  tlio  iiouth  7 
Florida?  Po,— What 
vo  rivers  form  Moliilu 
ma?  C'a.,  Ta.— What 
late?  Tc  — On  what 
[c  Tiimbig'jy  ?  Aluba. 
K)|)|||:ilion  of  Moliilc  / 
unco  ?  Montgomery  7 
isa  ?  Ta.  —  i  lorcnco  7 
-  Mow  many  niiloH  aro 
viz.  Tenncsscu?  Tom- 
it  year  was  the  battle 
CO  7    Decatur  )  &c. 


liable  for  the  great 
iome  years  ago  was 
bitants,  between  the 
•ebled. 

Mississippi,  and  it 
oplo.  The  crop  in 
s,  being  the  largest 

hat  is  said  of  them  7 
icry.    Wctumpka  and 

kablo  for?  What  has 
ef  production  ?    What 


MISSISSIPPI. 


ISl 


View  on  Ihu  Miniulppi  River, 

of  any  state  iii  the  Union.    Some  tobacco  and  rice  aro  culti. 
v.'ited,  and  Indian  corn  is  raised  to  a  considerable  extent. 

3.  Some  sugar  has  been  produced  in  the  southern  counties, 
but  the  cane  docs  not  oppcar  to  thrive.  Sweet  potatoes,  with 
the  peach,  fig,  and  other  fruits,  grow  in  abundance.  Scvertt! 
important  raii-roads  have  been  projected,  and  some  of  them 
are  completed. 

4.  Mississippi  is  now  entirely  under  the  control  of  a  wliito  popula- 
tion. The  northern  and  central  parts  of  the  state  wore  lately  occu|)icd 
by  the  Chortaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians;  but  these  have  nearly  all 
removed  to  the  Indian  Territory. 

5.  Jackson,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Pearl  river,  is  the  capital  of  the 
itaUs.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  contains  the  Sta  o  House,  Penitentiary, 
and  other  public  buildings. 

6.  Natchez  is  the  largest  and  most  important  place  in  the  state.  It 
is  nearly  300  miles  above  New  Orleans  ;  and  is  built  prineiimlly  on  a 
high  bluff,  200  feet  above  tlie  surface  of  the  Mississijipi.  'J'iiat  jKiit 
of  the  town  on  tlie  margin  of  the  river  is  called  Natchez  j  below 
the  hill.it  is  chiefly  a  collection  of  stores.  The  upper  town  is  regu. 
larly  laid  out,  and  has  wide  streets,  ornamented  with  fine  shade, 
trees.  A  great  amount  of  cotton  is  shipped  from  thix  city ;  und  its 
inland  and  river  trade  is  extensive. 


I 


were  formerly  cultivated  7  Of  Indian  corn?  3.  Of  sugar?  What  is 
said  of  the  rail-roads  7  4.  Of  Mississippi  7  The  northern  and  central 
parts?    5.  Describe  Jackson.    6.  Natchez.    What  of  its  coninicrco: 


i»s»wr# 


152 


DERcniPTivB  OEoanAPiir. 


7.  VicltiburK  ii  on  the  UtV  lintik  of  tliu  MiiiNiMRi|i|)i  river,  SSO  mile* 
from  itN  iiKititli.  It  in  a  lldiirixliiiiir  iiliico,  mid,  liki'  Niitrlxr,  liuii  n 
grciit  trail);  in  rollun.  Tiiu  town  in  riluatcd  lui  llir  Hliclviii^  iiida  ol 
NOiiic  liillH,  >\ilh  lliu  lioiiNCM  liiiiit  in  (rnuiim  U|Hjn  tlio  tvrruccH,  It  in 
cunncclud  witii  iliu  cnpitul  liy  ii  ruii-roud. 

8,  Aninni;  other  thrivini;  pluccs  in  the  iitofe,  nro  (iriind  (Jiilf,  on  iho 
Miiiiii»:Hi|i|)i  riviT,  nnd  I'urt  (filisoii,  7  inih-!*  trma  it,  in  the  interior 
MunchrHlcr,  or  Yiizchi  city,  on  tlie  Yukimi,  (ireniidu,  on  the  Yuiubuulm 
and  Ahcrdi'cn  and  Coliiniliiis,  on  the  'I'uinbighy  rivur,     Tlio  latter  i 
tlio  nortli-euHtern  vnijHiriuni  ot'  the  Htutu. 

Map  No.  19.— Whut  ntnle  hounds  MinHiMippi  on  the  north?  Tc  — 
On  tiie  Hoiil!)  ?  La.,  U.-Mo.  —  On  the  riint?  Ar.  — On  tlio  went?  A«, 
La, — VVhiil  river  ne-mriilcH  it  Cr'nn  LimiHiiina  and  ArlttinHui?  Ml. — 
On  what  river  in  lifulciie/.  ?  Jaelfwui?  (irtiiid  (•ull'7  VicltKburff? 
Manehcilcr,  or  Yuzno  i.ily?  fJrenadii  ?  C'uhinibuH  / — What  ii  U«e 
(topulution  of  eueii  of  tliexe  town!!  /  —  How  many  n)i!cii  from  tho  icu 
do  Bteaiii.lK)ulH  aHeend  Iho  T<>iiilii;r|iy  ?  'ralluhiitchiu  7  YalabuHlib? 
Bij{  Rluek  ?  Peiirl  7 — Hiiw  llir  iH  VickHbufff  from  the  Hea?  Whi,t 
kind  of  veHsel.H  iiMceiid  to  it?  In  what  cnuiity  is  Nuteiiez  7  Ab. — 
Vickubur);  7  VV«u  —  Jackiion  7  lis.  —  Culuinbiis  7  Lb,  —  Grand 
(iulf?    Co. 

118 

LOUISIANA, 

1.  TiiK  U^rritory  cortii)risiii<^  this  state,  to^cthor  with  the 
vnst  rogioii  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  was  formerly 
si!  called  liOiiisiann,  nnil  was  purchased  from  Franco  by  tlje 
United  States'  GoverniiHmt  in  181(3. 

2.  The  country  bonlcriug  the  .Mississippi,  in  this  state,  ia 
generally  lower  than  tlin  surface  of  the  water,  and  a  large 
ponion  of  it  ia  protected  by  levees,  or  cml)ankments  of  earth, 
nearly  200  miles  along  the  shores  of  the  river. 

3.  The  great  staples  of  Louisiana  arc;  sugar  and  cotton,  but 
rice,  corn,  and  tobacco,  are  also  cultivated.  A  vast  amoun 
of  cipital  is  invested  in  the  sugar  business,  in  lands,  slaves 
i&c,  and  tho  produce  of  that  article  has  increased  tenfol 
withm  twenty  years;  in  1845  it  amounted  to  about  207  mil 
lion  poimds. 

4.  During  the  late  war,  a  powerful  British  army  invaded  this  stutr , 

*.  Vicksburg  7  How  arc  ships  brought  up  to  this  place  7    8,  The  other 
vwnsT 

Loui$iatia.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  said  of  tho  territory  comprising  this 
%te7  When  was  it  purchnHcd  7  3,  What  is  said  of  the  country? 
.    What  are  tlie  great  staples  ?    4,  Wliat  took  place  during  tiic  lat* 


put 

I 

Mi 

Ihri 

sec 

{ 

var 

live 
por 

fuci 
ing 
Uic 

i 

hav 
liai 
Ak 
fl 
Tcn 
thri 
mil 

rai 
M'l 
S.  ' 


tnmtim'\intm^amaamim 


IIY. 

»t«i|>|)i  rivpf,  fi20  niilo* 
(I,  like  Niitclxr,  liim  n 
II  the  Hliclvin^  Mb  oI 
uii  tiio  tvrruccH,     It  in 

nro  fJriind  (Jiilf,  on  tlio 
mil  it,  ill  tliu  interior 
mill,  oil  tliR  YulubuHlm 
y  rivur,    Tlio  lattor  i 


on  Iho  north  7  Tc.  - 
..—  On  the  went?  At, 
iiid  ArknnBUM?  Mi. — 
lulUiiir?  Viclinburffr 
iiibuH  ? — What  ii  ute 
ny  iiiiluii  frnin  t\m  acu 
liutcliiu?     YalabuHha? 

from  tlio  Bt'a  ?  WhU 
y  is  Nutclii'Z  ?  As. — 
iiibiis  7      Lh.  —  Grand 


c,  to^clhor  with  the 
river,  was  formerly 
from  Frunce  by  tlje 

ipi,  in  this  stntc,  ia 
water,  and  a  large 
liankmeiits  of  earth, 
river. 

lugar  and  cotton,  but 

d.  A  vast  amoun 
sss,  in  lands,  slaves 
IS  increased  tv.nCo\ 
id  to  about  207  mil 

■my  invaded  this  etutr , 
is  place  7    8.  Tlie  other 

ritory  comprising  this 
8  said  of  the  country  7 
:  place  during  tiic  l«it« 


liOriSIANA. 


1S3 


Battle  o(  New  Orlvana. 


put  tlioy  were  totally  defeated  by  the  American  army,  under  General 
Juckson,  January  tith,  Idl.'j,  and  left  the  country  shortly  aflerwards. 

S.  Now  Orleans,  the  capital  of  the  state,  ia  on  the  Itfl  bank  of  t'le 
MiHsisHippi  river,  about  lUU  miles  fVom  its  inoutii.  'i'liu  inland  and 
i'lrcijrii  trade  of  this  city  is  very  great.  From  1,500  to  2000  tlat-boats, 
.u)  to  UO  steaiiubuats,  and  a  foruxt  of  the  niuats  of  sea  vchuoIs,  may  be 
seen  nearly  always  lying  along  its  Iuv6e. 

(J.  The  produce  that  arrives  at  Now  Orleans  innually  from  the 
various  stuteM,  Sec,  watered  by  the  Mississippi  river  oiid  its  tributary 
•ilrcniiis,  is  estimated  to  amount  in  value  from  lifty  millions  to  seventy. 
live  milliunH  of  dollars;  among  which,  cotton,  tlour,  eugur,  tobacco, 
pork,  hemp,  and  lead,  are  the  principal  staples. 

7.  The  city  is  built  on  level  ground,  and  is  several  feet  '.lolow  the  sur- 
face of  the  river  at  high  water.  It  contains  a  number  of  i'ublic  build- 
ings, some  of  which  are  splendid  structures.  The  population  during 
llie  winter  season  is  from  40,000  to  50,000  greater  than  at  other  periods. 

8.  The  towns  in  Louisiana  are  all  small ;  some  of  them,  however 
have  considerable  trade.  Donaldsonvillc,  Ploqueniine,  Baton  Rouge 
Hiiyou  Sara,  and  St.  Francisvillc,  are  on  the  Mississi;)pi  river,  and 
Alexandria,  Natchitoches,  and  Shreveport,  on  Red  river". 

9.  Tlie  great  Raft,  an  immense  accumulation  of  timber,  which  pro 
vented  navigation  to  tlio  up|)cr  parts  of  Red  river,  has  been  lately  cut 
through,  iiid  steam-boats  can  now  ascend  that  stream  several  hundred 
inilca  t'lortiicr  ttian  formerly, 

war  7  When  were  they  defeated  7    5.  Describe  New  Orleans.    6.  What 
ef  the  prii<<'.ice  7     7.  How  ia  the  city  built  7    What  of  tlie  population  ' 
S.  The  other  towna  7    9.  The  great  Rati  7 
U 


tBK^SSWS'^" 


154  nEflCRIPTIVB   QEOaRAPllY. 

Map  So.  la.— By  what  i*  lK)uiBiBna  bounded  on  Uiu  norllt?  Ai.,  Mu 
-  On  the  caKt  7  Mi.  — South  r  O..Mo.~WMt?  'IV  —  Whnt  riviri 
ncpornto  I.ouiiiinna  from  MiiwiiiHippi  t  Mi.,  I'l.  — What  river  fVoin 
ToxoiiT  8c.— WImt  lakeii  in  tho  cn«tcrn  part  of  tho  ilato?  I'li., 
Up. _  What  two  in  tho  mmthirn  part  7  ("u.,  Mu.  —  How  lung  in  Ihi- 
MiiitlsHippi  7  Hid  river  I  WoBhitn  7  Sabino  7  Caliuniu  7  Hiiyou 
Macon  1  SoMio  rivi  rn  uro  tcrmwl  IkyouH  in  Ixjuisiana.  Wlial  i»  J« 
population  of  New  Orlennn  7  Donahlsonvillo  7  Baton  RouKo7  AUji. 
Bndria7  NBtchitother)7  In  wliat  pnriBhes  aro  these  •ituatcd  7  N.-Oh., 
An.,  U.-D.-RO.,  Ri„  Ni.— When  wan  tlio  batllo  of  Now  Orlcuna  fought  7 


113  ■ 


View  on  th«  Prairiei  of  Texai  — Catching  wild  hone*. 

TEXA& 

1.  The  state  of  Texas,  the  28th  in  number,  was  annexed 
to  the  United  States,  by  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of 
both  republics,  in  the  year  1845.  It  was  formerly  a  Mexican 
State,  but  the  people,  in  1836,  achieved  their  inde[)cn(lence 
by  defeating  Santa  Anna,  tho  Mexican  President,  at  the  battle 
of  Snn  Jacinto. 

2.  Texas  extends  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  north  to  Red 
ri»er,  and  the  42°  of  north  latitude,  and  west  from  the  Sabine 
river  to  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  It  is  about  seven  times 
larger  than  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 

Texat.  Q.  —  1.  What  ia  Raid  of  the  sUtc  of  Texas  7  What  wa«  it 
formrrly?    What  occurred  in  m36  7    9.  How  far  doosTcxaaoztend} 


G 

n 
a: 
ai 
w 

II 
w 
1.1 
u 

II 
II 

c: 
4 
tf 
ir 


IIY. 

on  Uiu  north?  At.,  Ml 

1 7  Til.  —  WImt  rivtri 
•I.  — What  river  fVom 
rt  of  tho  itatt)  7  I'li., 
rlu,  —  How  lung  ia  thi? 
1 7  Cak'uiiiu  7  Diiyoii 
>uiiiana.  What  in  \\m 
Dnton  Roiico?  Alcji. 
hciM)  ititiiutcu  I  N.-Oh., 
r  Now  Urli-uns  Tuught  7 


(  wild  hones. 


imber,  was  annexed 
the  Legislatures  of 
formerly  a  Mexican 
their  inde[)cn(lence 
'esident,  at  tho  battle 

Hexico  north  to  Red 
ivcst  from  the  Sabine 
s  about  seven  times 


Texas  7    What  was  it 
far  does  Tcxoa  oztendl 


TIXAI. 


155 


3.  The  climate  is  mild  and  healthful.  Tho  face  of  tho 
country  consists  chiefly  of  vast  priirics,  tho  soil  of  wliioh  is 
excctsdinKly  fertile,  and  produces  cotton,  tobacco,  sugar,  rice, 
wheat,  &c.  Silver  is  nsportcd  to  exist,  as  well  as  lead,  cop. 
|>cr,  coal,  and  salt ;  but  the  mineral  products  of  this  country 
are  not  yet  exploi  ed. 

4,  Texas  is  on«  of  tho  finest  countries  in  the  world  for 
nising  cattle.  Pastuni<;f«  l)ein|5  very  plentiful,  thoy  inereaae 
rapidly,  and  great  numlx;r.s  of  them  are  driven  every  year 
ijito  the  adjacent  Slates,  for  sale. 

R.  Vnst  Iiorda  of  bufTiilo,  (h-er,  and  mnstanprii  or  wild  Ijprson,  roam 
ovar  tho  prairicii  of  Uio  interior.  NuinlMjrii  of  tho  latter  aro  taken  with 
a  leather  thonjf  or  rope,  with  a  rmininjf  nooiio  at  tho  end  of  it,  and  boinjr 
projicrly  broke  aro  used,  either  ui  driiughl  or  Raddle  horsoi, 

6.  The  inhnbitanta  of  Texas  aro  nearly  all  Anjrlo-Ainoricans,  emi- 
jfrants  from  tlio  United  States.  There  aro  uIho  some  Mnxioans,  Noffro 
sluveii,  and  Indians.  Tho  whole  ainonnts  to  about  iiSU.OUU ;  of  whwii 
tho  slaves  conatituto  about  one.tcuth  part. 

7.  Austin,  tho  capital  of  Texas,  is  on  the  Colorado  river,  about  iiOO 
miles  from  tho  sea.  Tho  other  principal  towns  are  Houston,  Braxoria, 
Matagorda,  San  Felipe,  Nacoifdoches,  San  Augustine,  and  (lalvcston. 
Tlw  latter  is  on  Galveston  Island.    It  is  tho  cliiof  sca-port  of  Toxaa. 

8.  Tho  cominorco  of  Toxaa  already  omnloys  a  number  of  trading 
vessels  between  tho  principal  towns  and  Now  Orleans ;  and  foreign 
vessels  carry  tlio  products  of  tho  state  t«  various  European  ports. 


Map  No.  13.— .What  bounds  Texas  on  tho  North  7  I..Ty.  —  South  T 
G..Mo.  _  East  ?  La.,  I.-Ty.  —  West  7  Mo.  _  What  river  forms  the 
north  boundary  7  Rd.  — East?  So.  — West?  R.  G.  No.— Which 
are  the  other  chief  rivers  of  Texas  7  Co.,  Bs.,  Ty.,  Ns.  —  How  long 
are  thoy  7  From  what  lake  docs  the  Brazos  river  flow  7  Se.  —  On 
what  river  is  Austin  7  Co.  —  Into  what  bay  does  it  flow  7  Ma.  — 
How  far  do  steam-boats  ascend  tho  Brazos  river  7  When,  and  whore, 
was  tho  battle  of  San  Jacinto?  Point  out  tho  Cross  Timl)or«.  'J'jiii 
IS  a  remarkable  forest  in  tho  midst  of  tho  prairies :  it  extends  north. 
\vurd  from  the  Brazos  river  lor  a  distance  of  a  hundred  miles.  What 
Indian  tribes  are  there  in  Texas  7    As.,  Cs.,  Ls.,  Ks. 


Hnw  does  it  compare  with  Pennsylvania  7  3.  What  is  said  of  th« 
climate?  Face  of  the  country?  Soil  7  Products?  Silver  &c  7 
4.  What  IS  Texas  7  5.  What  is  "said  of  Buffalo,  &c.  7  How  ar«  thov 
taken  7  6.  What  are  tho  inhabitants  7  7.  What  is  said  of  the  town's 
m  Texas  7    8.  Of  the  commerce  7 


i 


'•  igiiUfnii''' '  — 


iW 


OEKEII>Tlva  OBOOKArUT* 


WESTERN   STATES. 

1.  TiiK  VVcstrrn  Stntrs  comprisf  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Tcnnfs- 
at!0,  Imliaim,  Illinois,  Mirhi^>an,  Missouri,  nnd  Arkansas,  the 
organized  tirritorics  of  Wisconsin  und  lown,  tondht^r  with 
the  Indian  Territory,  and  tho  unorganized  territories  of  Mis- 
nouri  nnd  Oregon. 

2,  From  tim  tjrcat  extent  of  this  region,  its  climate  pos 
Bosses  consi(it'ral)le  variety  of  temperaturo ;  tho  ^vinters  are 
moro  variable,  nnd  the  quantity  of  snow  is  less  tliun  in  the 
snmo  parallels  in  tho  Atlantic  States. 

;}.  Tho  most  striking  features  of  this  vast  country  nro  its 
numerous  rivers,  towering  forests,  and  extensive  prairies 
rijc  latter  are  wido-sprcnding  plains,  stretching  farther  tlmn 
tho  eye  can  reach,  destitute,  for  tho  most  part,  of  trees,  auJ 
covered  with  tall  grass  and  flowering  shrubs. 

4.  That  part  of  this  region  lying  between  tlio  Rocky  antl 
Alleghany  Moun'ains  is  oden  called  thu  Mississippi  Valley, 


Wettem  Statu,  Q.  —  1.  Whut  do  the  Wc«tcm  Stateii  compriae  r 
9.  What  i«  Raid  of  the  climate  7  The  winter!  7  3.  The  most  itriking 
Otatures  7    What  arc  prairica  7    4.  What  ii  part  of  tliii  rogrion  called  > 


J 

V 

b 
h 

a 

n 
o 

ti 
e 
h 


tl< 


ni 
til 


to 

01 

M 
to 


W 
& 

7. 
of 

u( 

|C| 

U 


mnniiiiiiiiiliilirii 


IT. 


S. 

Kontucky,  Tcnnfs- 

nnd  Arkansas,  the 

own,  toi^cilit-r  with 

i  territories  of  Mis- 

n,  its  climate  pos 
u ;  iho  winters  am 
ia  less  tliun  in  the 


ist  country  nro  its 
extensive  prairijis. 
ching  fiirllior  timn 
port,  of  trees,  auJ 
bs. 

eon  tlio  Rocky  nntl 
Mississippi  Valley, 

em  State*  compriae  f 
3.  The  ino8t  itrikini; 

of  tllil  rcgrioD  CBlltill  ) 


WMTIIRN    aTATM.  137 

from  its  hcin^  cliietly  wuii'n^d  hy  (hut  ii^n:t\i  nvrr,  and  ill 
;-ibutiiry  strianm.  '1  hcwMillIird  ininu^nM)  liicihticN  fiir  iniur- 
>iai  eoinnin-ci!,  and,  in  litel,  couHtitt.  <  it  ono  uf  thu  U.»t 
wutennl  distrittls  on  tin)  liu-u  of  tiie  ylubu. 

5,  Tlierii  arc,  iit  prcxnit,  im  tlia  wotcrn  wa(<-r«  nbmit  400  ilcani. 
biikdi,  iiiiipy  )iiiM<iri'ilii  ai'  arlu  or  l1;it-b(Nttii,  iNimdoi  •  niiiltitude  iil' 
xiiinllor  crnil  roiiKtunlly  rii|{ii|{i  il  in  liio  notniiiRrne  of  Ihn  rnuiilry,  knil 
iinmaiinu  qiiiinliiii'it  nl 'priHlucu  orvarioiM  kind*  arc  annually  cuitvuyiid 
by  lliotii  tu  Now  Orloun^. 

(I.  L-ad,  iron,  coal,  salt,  and  liino,  alMHind  in  the  Western 
Stall's,  and,  prohahly,  no  r<';^ii)n  of  »i|iial  extent  in  the  world 
(^xhil)its  sui'li  a  conihinatinn  of  mint  ral  wealth  and  fertility 
of  soil,  united  with  suidi  rare  liirilitifji  of  transportation. 

7.  Cotton  and  tobacco  nro  produced  in  tho  soutlnrn  dim 
tricts,  while  wheat,  Indian  corn,  hemp,  o(its,'and  barley,  urn 
extensively  cultivated  in  the  otlurr  parts.  Cuttle,  ho„.i,  and 
horses,  nm  raiwd  in  abundance,  and  con.Htiluto  nn  iniiwrtjuil 
purl  of  tho  wealth  of  tho  [Hmplo  of  these  slutes. 

8.  A  coniUlorabie  portion  of  tlie  weitcrn  country. has  been  recently 
•ottled ;  but  tho  nhcnpucMi  of  land,  tho  furtility  of  tlio  coil,  and  tlio 
gi'noral  cli(irneler  of  llio  fliiiiiilo,  nro  cau.-iini;  a  tide  of  emigration  to 
(low,  wliicli  iii  tilling  up  the  I'uiiiitry  with  unexampled  rapidity, 

9.  A  laudable  lual  ii  manifuiitvd  in  the  cauiio  of  education.  The 
numb<T  of  common  ichooli  iii  rupidly  increaninff,  while  cullcgei  snd 
Uio  higher  ■eminarioi,  of  learning  are  alio  multiplying. 

10.  Tho  population  of  tho  Wontcrn  Stateii  and  Torritorici  amountH 
to  more  thiin  live  millionii,  of  which  tlie  negro  mUvcs  cunatitute  about 
ono-olovenlh  part.  Slavery  is  prevalent  in  Tonntpce,  Kontucky, 
Miiaouri,  and  Arkonioa,  hut  duox  not  ezi«t  in  tlio  oilier  itato*  and 
torritoric*. 


11.  Nearly  nil  tho  Indians  in  tho  United  States  aro  found 
within  tho  limiU  of  this  quarter  of  tho  Union.    Some  of  thim 

Why  7  What  do  they  afford  7  5.  What  ii  said  of  rtonm-boaU,  »rk^ 
Slc.  ?  What  is  convoyed  by  them  7  6.  What  is  Raid  of  lend,  iron,  Slc.  ! 
7.  What  in  produced  in  tlie  iouthcrn  districUi  7  In  other  partu  I  Wliat 
of  catllii,  &c.  7  8.  What  hai  been  recently  BcttJcd  7  Whnt  is  filftnij 
up  the  country  7  9.  What  ia  manifested  7  Of  common  aclioola,  col- 
leges,  icc'l  11).  Of  the  population  7  Where  ia  alavery  prevalent? 
11.  What  ia  said  of  tho  Indiana  7    What  ia  narrowing  Ihiir  bound* 


»ip*i»f 


IBS 


DuaiirrivK  eitnaiiAMiv. 


•rfl  pnrluilly  rivilispil,  but  a  cnnmdi'rMMt*  niimber  utill  rrmnir 
uiichniiKcd  J  nnd  wliilw  th«t  wltliworiu,  oriM,  nnd  im|)r<»vp. 
mi-ntii  oi  whiU)  men  oit)  narmwiiiK  l\mt  >wunilaru>«,  th«y  itiji 
retain  lh«ir  original  savago  character  and  condition. 


1 


latlitui  vfdwinf  itw  lmpriivem«iila  of  mIiIU  inan. 


lij.  The  Crrekt,  Choctaws,  Chf<r<ikcc«,  and  other  tribct  now  rcildrnt 
in  llio  Iiidiun  Territory,  nrv  untlur  tlio  iirotcclion  of  l|je  Oclicrat  (»nv. 
I'rninont,  and  iiicrcaM  «*<!kitily  in  population  and  profiwirity  i  tvliile  tlie 
Hioux,  iticcnrc^R,  Block  VnA,  aiid  otiicr  i-udis,  rovinj  bands  of  the 
UpiHir  MiMouri,  are  dccrcaiiiug  rapidly  in  numlier  and  imiiuManoa. 

13.  Within  a  frw  yiara,  the  unmll.pon  ho*  awopt  th«m  by  thouaandu 
ftom  tho  fane  of  tho  earth ;  and  Iribci  but  lately  nujucroua  and  power 
fill  are  now  reaikd  to  a  fuw  individuali, 


Map  No.  5.  —Which  ii  thd  kreoiit  Weatern  Slate  t  Mi.  —  The 
■mallcNt  '  la,  —  Tho  niosl  northern  t  Mn.  -  Southern  I  A».  ~ 
EaatornT  Oo,  — Wcntcrn?  Mi. — Which  ia  tho  larjfcst  wcBlcru  Ur. 
ritory?  On,  —  Tho  mo*t  nortliurn  and  ireiit«nif  On.  —  The  mo«« 
natern  7  Wn.  —  Mo«t  »outliem  7  In — T'le  weitem  itatoa  and  ter. 
ritorici  pttcnd  from  latitude  J3  to  4it  diffniH.  How  niiK^li  latitude 
do  they  include 7  Thoy  extend  from  about  -l  degrfc*  of  lont,rilu<li' 
to  56  di'ttrcea  wcHt  from  Waahimi^on.  How  much  lonpiliido  do 
tlioyincludo?     What  italcii  have  tho  Miiisisiippi  'iver  for  tlicir  wc»t. 


rici  7    What  do  they  itill  retain  7     12.  What  of  the  Crrcki,  Choctaws, 
fi-c.  7    Tho  Sioux,  Itincarcca,  ice  t     13.  What  is  aaid  of  tho  anmll- 


.■''If 
liir 

'ml 
("..I 

tWu 

\..\ 

till 

iiu 
8n< 

nvi 

'■•■i» 
iro 
.f 


vol 

a  I 


tmmnmm 


r. 

limber  trtill  n*miiip 
rlH,  and  im|)ri)v«. 
unilarii>«,  thny  ■(ill 
-onditiun. 


1 


i    ) 


lilt  men. 


)t  tribei  now  reddrnt 
of  l|je  Oi'iieral  Gov. 
profimrity  i  tvhile  tlie 
roving  banda  of  the 
r  and  iiniiorunoe. 
pt  them  by  thoURandu 
luuieroua  und  pvwor 


Slate  T     Mi.  — TIm! 

Southern?      A».  ~ 

iarffst  n-cHtcrtt  tcr- 
if  On.  —  Tlio  mo«« 
eitem  ilatoi  and  tcr. 

IfoW  IIIIK^Il  liititudc 
li'grccii  of  lontritudt' 
much  litnfriiuilo  do 
i  fiver  for  llicir  wc»t. 


m  Crpcki,  Choctawn, 
Is  anid  of  tho  aiiiiill. 


<irn  boundary  f  Te,,  Kr.,  la.,  Wn.— Wliirh  liav*  Um  Miiaualp^  flv 
Ui«ir  vn^^rtn  bniindary  r  A*.,  Ml.,  la — Whirli  dafaia  haw  ih«  Ohio 
)'»r  ihrlr  ■oiiMirrn  boundary  (  •  hi.,  la.,  I*.  — Wlml  «(•(«  ha«  ttio  Ohio 
iir  ila  imrtlKirn  tH>uiid«ry  /  Ky.— Which  ha*  llio  Ohio  ffir  il*  wi-.ti-rn 
•iilllditryf  V«.  — Ilitw  many  milra  hr  the  araUi  (V.iiii  the  iriniih  of 
CiiliiiiiiMi*  rivr  riMtward  to  lh«  Km-kv  Vl>iiin(aiii«  t  lliiw  imuy  intha 
iroiii  Ilia  Rocky  Mountains  lo  t.Jikn  Mii'jiitfan,  m''a»iir<'<l  <>i)  I'v  imral 
'  I  of  44  •l»'Krr(p»  f  How  many  niiica  (Vom  the  Iwiid  of  Ihn  Ark.ituaa 
V>  Ihr  hrxd  of  Ihfl  All»Kh.iny  pivcr  I  Tliia  ia  nlxMit  the  (freatm  I'lti  nt 
hut  <ttn  tx!  iiKMimirod  Ihrotigli  lh«  rniro  of  Iho  ,Mii«iiMiiii|ii  »»;|.y  fail 
and  wnm.  How  r ir  ifVoni  thu  JKod  to  Iho  iiiouth  of  lhi<  .11i»iii««i|i|ii 
iinr  in  a  almiirht  hmi?  Mow  (iir  from  Ihn  nioiiih  of  thf  Ohio  nn  f 
^o  lh«  itorlhirn  b«iiuid«ry  f  lllMioix  .'  nnil  li'oiii  tlio  aaiiin  |H>iitl  to  liia 
.■u»l  b<mnd.iry  of  Kentm  ».^  ?  Tho  atau-v  of  Minaoiiri  and  hidinna 
iro  alxiut  tho  lutno  extent  trom  north  In  anittik,  VVIiat  l«  tlia  nuinlwi 
•f  iiiilea? 


OHIO. 

1.  This  flourishing  state,  though  settled  so  lately  oa  tlif 
vonr  178i>,  already  ranks  ticxt  to  Pennsylvania  in  (ho  numljer 
■)l"  its  inhiibitants;  and  !tn  iiicn'aso  in  wealth  and  imjwrtance 
's  unequalled  in  tho  history  of  any  other  country. 

2.  The  southern  section  of  Ohio  is  uneven  and  hilLy ;  thff 

Ohio.  Q.— I.  Whim  WM  thia  atata  aellWd  ?     How  does  it  rank  T 
4.  What  if  atid  of  It »     How  ii  it  intcraocted  .    3.  What  arc  iIm 


-.-^/n 


iOO 


DMiuirrivii  oKiHiNAriiv. 


ri>nmln(k>r  in  ijriH'rnlly  Wrl,  with  «'«ili'n«ivi)  |irnirt<*a  in  mnny 
\Htti».  Till' «v  In  ill)  Nlu«u  i*  iitii'rw'i'ri-ii  M  till  iitiiin  nxm  rivcru, 
which  nlliinl  u  vimt  Miiioiitit  of  «uU>r-|M>wrur  iur  null*,  tiuuiu- 
Iticloru'N,  iVo. 

3,  Tho  utiij'lo  pnidii.  'I  lit  wlxril  nnd  rnrn  ;  Imf  ry**,  ont«, 
ItUi'kwIiii'iii,  mill  tiiliDKu,  MM-  ( iiliivalcil.  On-liiinU  lloiiriNli 
hen',  iirul  |>riNlii<'*t  tli«*  riiirxt  ii|i|i|i'm,  iiml  nil  the  tViiil*  ol'  lln' 
WfNti'rn  nnitliK,  m  |N>rli'«'ti<iti.  Ilnrwit,  rntilc,  iiitii  ho({ii,  ma 
iiltumliinl,  mill  tiii)ti«mM<l*  (iri>  <v<ry  ymr  drivin  In  ilHTiwU-m 
iimrk'N. 

4,  Iron  nml  nml  ar^  rmiiul  in  vnil  i|iiiiiiliiir<>i,  ami  aali 
•f»rinj<«  nm  iiiinrMu*.  Maiuiliirlim-B  nro  riirrii;*!  to  « 
HmUcr  ('xtinl  tli.»3  in  nny  titlKC  \usfiTn  Miiin.  'I'licy  coiwiMt 
ot'riiitiiii  (iml  wiNilhri  (j[imiiU,  hiiIi  flour,  |iii|M<r,  mul  niiichinory. 

5,  Tlin  (lliio  rIiiIii  rnniiU  wirp  iviijcofcil  nbiiiil  ll'i-  yi'ir  IhSJ.I;  ihcy 
•rn  (iir  till'  iiKMt  piirt  riiiii|ili>li'il,  and  in  lucrcullil  niHriitiiin,  TIm  itv 
lluciit'o  of  llu'Mi  wurl.i  liit«,  in  iniiiiy  riim>,  riilitiiiri'ii  Ciiir-lblii  llin 
v»luanr|irlvut<'  |ir<i|M<rty  in  nml  ncur  ttin  |iliiii'i)  whiTc  lliry  urn  IwaUnl, 
bwidv*  inrri'iiniiiK  |;rfiitly  i\\e  cnintiiiri'c  nl'  llii!  »t;\le.  Varluu*  otiiei 
eMMli  uiiil  ruil-roiiiU  aril  in  llir-  i-iiurx'  uC  rnn^lriKlion. 

fl.  ('(iliiiiiliim,  lliit  cni'ilnl  iif'llui  Mtnir,  in  nil  tlic  li  ll  liiink  iirilinRoiot> 
river,  illO  iiiili.«  iVmii  tli<'  (lliiu,  ami  in  ■ilmilril  ill  n  rirli  niiil  lioAiitiiiii 
■^'vlrict.  It  in  ri'Kulurly  luid  out,  mill  cuiitaiii>  lovurul  |iublic  buildinga 
iJiuri'lic*)  A^c. 

7.  C'liii'liiiiiiti  ii  im  (lie  right  brink  of  Iho  Ohio  rivi'r,  MO  milci  fVoni 
lit  miiiiih.  'I'liu  erowtli  of  iliic  rily  hn*  b<-i<n  cxiiicilinirly  ra|ild,  nni* 
hiu  kv|il  pui'u  with  tho  iiirrcaNO  of  tlio  itute.  It  in  ri'irnlnrly  luid  out : 
iiiitny  ut' till  |irivntfl  dwcllinri  are  I'lcgnnt,  iti  p-iblic  idiHcfo  are  nuiiu- 
riiiu,  and  loiiie  u(  tlicm  are  handnottio  »|ic'ciiii('nii  of  nrchitcnturo. 

8.  Till*  city  carridi  on  an  inimrnio  trade  both  up  and  down  (lip 
Ohio  rivur,  and  thu  Miunii  caiiitl,  wlilch  join*  the  IbrmRr  at  tiiii  plai  r. 
I'ork  ii  otiu  oftlio  chief  articloa  of  trade  i  bunidm  which,  wlieal,  llniir, 
H  hiikpy,  uiid  a  (frcut  varicily  of  nmiiufacturud  artivloii,  aro  cxiwrtcd. 

0,  ZunmvilJc  ii  an  important  plurr,  iiiid  ii  niili'd  li)r  iln  llour-iiiilit 
and  vttridiiH  iimniifhctiirinj;  CNtulilinhiin'iila.  Clrvcluiid  ia  tlio  priii- 
I'ipal  iMirt  on  I.iikii  i-jrii',  and  \»  a  pluce  of  nctrnnivo  liUhiiirM.  Hlcii> 
iK'nvillc,  lliiytiin,  IVirlaiiiouth,  Toledo,  and  Huiiduaky,  aro  ail  tliriving 
and  lluuri-iliiiiK  towim, 

•laple  pnidurti?  What  it  miid  of  horum,  &.c. T  4.  Iron  and  coal? 
Manuflicturi'H  /  5.  Hluto  canuU  7  What  hna  been  thi'ir  influence  > 
Hlhcr  cnnttln  nnd  rail.roadx  I  0.  Dcacribo  Coluniliun.  7.  Cincinnati. 
Mow  i»  it  I  lid  out  I  H.  What  doc*  it  carry  on  7  What  aro  exported  7 
y.  IK'fcrilie  ZanciviJlc.  CkvclojiJ.  »U)ubcnvill<!,  and  liie  otiter 
liu\7na. 


MY. 

VII  prairtf*  in  many 
li  luiim  rnii«  rivi*ra, 
vr  Iwr  iiulUt  intutu- 

rorn  i  Imf  ryt*,  oot«, 
Orfhiinl^  lloiiriNli 
ill  ilic  iViiiU  ol'  ilii' 
mill',  nnd  ho((ii,  niQ 
ilrivcn  III  ilHMimU-m 

t]iintilitif<«,  aiitl  aall 

nro  «'urrH;»l  to  a 

utiilo.    Tlii-y  cr>naiNt 

|M'r,  iiikI  niiichinory. 

Ill  III-  yttir  Ih8.1i  they 
llil  iiiH'rutiiin.  'l')i«  irv 
ptiliuiiri'd  Ciiir-lold  llin 
where  lliry  urn  ImaU'il, 
I'  iiilr.  Varluu*  otliei 
riuiinn, 

I'  Ml  liiink  i>rilinRci»t' 
ill  n  rirli  iiihI  lieaiitiMM 
uvuritl  |iulitic  bulliUng* 

o  rivrr,  Ml)  riiilci  fVom 
cxi-'i'i'iliniriy  rajilil,  anil 
t  In  ri'iriilurly  laid  uiit : 
iblic  idiHct-a  are  nunx' 
in  of  itri'liitt!»turo, 
MtUi  ii|i  and  down  (tir 
ho  formnr  at  (hi*  ploir. 
m  which,  wheal,  liniir, 
irtivii'M,  aro  ciiwrtcd. 
oli'd  liir  iu  lliiur.iiiillt 
('Irvchiiid  ii  llio  priih 
Miiivo  liUKiiieNi.  Hlniu 
ilualty,  ara  nil  tliriving 


.  ?  i.  Iron  and  coalt 
been  thi'ir  influence  I 
iniliiiii.  7.  Cincinnati. 
J  What  arc  exported  7 
mvilltf,  kjid   the  eilier 


M.if,  No.  14 
Miiiiih  I  Ky., 
liiriiia  In  piiiiIIi 

Vo.,  8v.,  Ihi,. » 
»*<K,  .Mill.  —  w 
Cltivrbind  '    Mil 

lil<iUt!l  i'       lit  wl 

R».,  My,  Ki,-- 

Mii^kiiitritm  I 
winlf     Nl.  — » 
vliliir  lowiia  ? 


RBNTi;cilY.  lUl 

—  What  hnimd*  Ohio  on  ih«  north'  Mn.,  I».b,a> 
Vit.  —  Hi.!  t    Va.,  I'll. _ H 1 , 1  f     In.  —  \\ iiiti  river 

iH.iimlnrv  t  •>.(,-.  U'linl  rl>if»  llnw  Into  l,.ili«  Krie  f 
«.  —  Whiih  II..W  Into  thit  «»l,l<.  ri»irf  Ml,,  I.,. Ml., 
liAt  ii  iliit  tiiiiMiliiiiiiii  uf  rini-iiiiiiitl '  /iini'iivillr  > 
uhrnUllii  f  ('■ilitiiibiia?  riilllirnihi' '  itiiylim  r  |*urli> 
I  it  I'oolllii*  iiri'  llicMi  pUi'i  a  i  llli.,  Mill.,  (').,  Jii.,  Vlt,, 
Mow  litiijr  i«  ilK'llliiof  Miiiiii'-'?  Miami/  HvUAai 
What  rnnij  i'\li'iida  tliriHiuli  Ihc  alitlo  ty»ni  vnat  Ut 
h\  whtti  riveri  are  Xamatillc,  iMydm,  end  iIm  utiier 


117 


luoily  Hadlart  alticktil  by  lndlaiii> 

KENTUCKY. 

1.  This  iitnfc  wns  firnt  nctflfd  by  tho  cflclirntod  Donirl 
Hoono  and  ollicrs,  in  lUiii.  It  (binivd  for  a  tiiiio  «  port  of 
Virginia,  but  in  17U0  a  mpanitiim  tmik  |ihiri>,  and  two  ycarH 
iiru;rMiird.s  lvcnlui;l<y  was  adniitti'd  into  tlio  Uiiinu. 

2.  Tho  mirfaco  in  thr>  eastern  Hcctinn  of  tho  stale  is  hilly 
find  iindiilfiliu}{,  but  in  t]w  wi'storn  it  iH  jrvcl,  orcnsionally 
t'xtriidin:,-  into  priiirirs.  Munh  of  tho  Boil  of  Kentucky  ia 
cclrbriifod  for  its  Ibrtility. 

3.  The  principal  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 

KfUntky.  Q.  —  I,  By  whom  wan  this  atate  oottled  T    What  did  it 
tnut  1     Wiwt  luuk  pl'iue  )    SI.  What  ia  oud  of  Uiu  lurlkce  ?    Of  the 
V 


»4<w..>— ■  i^Mwmiih 


r"" 


162  DESCRIPTIVE   OEOORAPIIY. 

hemp,  and  tobacco.  Cattle,  horses,  and  hogs,  aro  raised  to 
u  great  extent,  and  numbers  arc  annuiilly  driven  into  ihn 
neiglibourin'j;  states. 

4.  Salt  sprinjjs  or  licks  are  niunerous,  from  wliich  largo 
quantities  of  salt  arc  made.  Great  nuinlx,'rs  of  the  bones  of 
the  mammoth  liavo  also  been  found  in  some  of  them. 

i).  Tlirro  nro  Bcvcrnl  cxtcniiivc  caves  found  in  tlii«  Btato  that  oro 
great  curiosilii'H,  oCwliicli  liic  Mammotli  Cave  is  tlio  nioHt  remarkable, 
having  been  exjilored  to  a  distunce  of  several  mileu  from  its  moulli. 
Tlio  earth  in  some  of  these  caves  Ih  strongly  impregnated  v\itli  nitre 
or  iultpttre,  and  considerable  quantities  of  tliat  article  were  made  from 
11  during  the  lato  war. 

6.  Until  tlio  ;'Cttr  1795  the  people  sufTered  greatly  fVoni  Indian  ho». 
tiliticB  i  many  h'ad  iiillcn  in  uatllc  in  their  fields  or  houses,  by  the  lioiids 
of  their  sovago  foes;  but  since  that  period,  Kentucky  lias  advanced 
rapidly  in  population,  wealtli,  and  importance. 

7.  Frankfort,  the  capital  of  the  state,  stands  on  the  right  bank  of  tlio 
Kentucky  river,  70  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lexington,  the  oldest  town 
m  the  state,  is  25  miles  cast  of  Frankfort,  in  the  midst  of  a  well-culti- 
vated district.    It  is  tlio  scat  of  Transylvania  University. 

8.  Louisville,  the  principal  city  of  Kentucky,  is  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Ohio,  370  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  carries  on  an  extensive  trade. 
Many  thousands  of  flat-boats  arrive  here,  y.arly,  from  all  parts  of  the 
upper  Ohio,  and  stcam-hoats  are  daily  arriving  and  departing  in  every 
direction.  The  town  is  well  built,  and  regularly  laid  out ;  with  spacious, 
straight,  and  wcU-pavcd  streets,  running  parallel  with  the  river,  inter- 
sected by  others  meeting  them  at  right  angles.  Louisville  wai  founded 
in  the  year  1780;  •..  1828,  it  was  incorporated  as  a  city. 

9.  Mayavillo  is  a  flourishing  commercial  place.  Newport  and  Co- 
vington,  botli  opposite  Cincinnati,  aro  thriving  towns,  and  contain  some 
manu^'.^iurcs  of  cotton-bagging.  Tlieso  towns  are  all  on  tlio  Ohio  river. 

Map  No.  14.  —  What  states  bound  Kentucky  on  the  north  7  Is.,  la., 
Oo.  —  South  ?  Te.  —  East  ?  Va.  —  West  7  Mi.,  As.  —  What  river 
forms  its  noriVrn  boundary  7  Oo.  —  Its  western  7  Mi.  -:-  Wliat  river 
and  mountains  are  its  eastern  boundary  7  B.-Sy.,  Cd.  —  Which  are  tlio 
principal  rivers  in  tlie  state  7  Tc,  Cd.,  Gn.,  Ky.,  Lg.  —  Tell  the  lengths 
of  all  these.  On  what  river  is  Frankfort 7  Louisville?  Maysville? 
Coirington7  What  is  the  population  of  each  of  these  towns?  Of 
Lexington?  Which  is  tlio  most  northern  county  7  Be.  Eastern? 
Fil.  —  Vvcsteni  ?     IIii. 

•oil?  3.  The  principal  products  ?  Cattle,  &c.  ?  4.  Of  salt  springs ? 
What  has  been  found  in  some  of  them  7  5.  What  is  said  of  tlie  caves  7 
Of  the  et.'th  in  them?  6.  Of  the  people?  7.  Describe  Frankfort, 
Lexington.    8.  Louisville.    9.  Maysville,  and  other  towns. 


f 


lY. 

logs,  aro  raised  to 
lly  driven  into  tlm 

,  from  which  large 
crs  of  the  bones  of 
nc  of  them. 

in  tliiti  Rtalc  that  aro 
the  moHt  rcmarkiiblo, 
miles  from  its  muutli. 
npregntttcd  with  nitro 
irliclc  were  made  fiuiii 

;atly  fVoni  Indian  hos- 
)i  houses,  by  thn  Imnds 
jntucity  ims  advanced 

1  the  right  bank  of  tlio 
ngtun,  tho  oldest  town 
3  midst  of  a  wcll-culti- 
nivorsity. 

,  is  on  tlio  led  bank  of 
on  an  extensive  trade, 
r,  from  all  parts  of  tlio 
md  departing  in  every 
did  out;  with  spacious, 
il  with  tho  river,  intcr- 
Louisvillc  wai  founded 
as  a  city, 

CO.  Newport  and  Co. 
iwns,  and  contain  sonio 
ro  all  on  tlic  Ohio  river, 

on  tho  north  7  Is.,  la., 
Mi.,  As.  —  What  river 
rn?  Mi. -:- What  river 
.,  Cd.  —  Which  arc  tho 
Lg.  — Tell  tho  lengths 
ouisvillo  7  Maysville  7 
of  these  towns  1  Of 
nty7    Be.      £astcrn7 


7  4.  Of  salt  springs  7 
lat  is  said  of  tlio  caves  7 
7.  Describe  Frankfort, 
}t)icr  towns. 


f 


Tenncaiee  Iron  Worka  —View  of  tho  Cunilicrlaiitl  Muuntaina. 


TENNESSEE. 

1 .  The  country  comprising  the  state  of  Tennessee,  was 
originally  a  part  of  North  Carolina.  In  1790,  that  state 
c<;ded  it  to  the  General  Government.  In  tho  same  year  it 
was  organized  into  the  Territory  south-west  of  the  Ohio 
river;  and  in  1796  became  an  indrpcndent  state. 

2.  West  Tennessee  lies  between  the  Mississippi  and  Ten- 
nessee rivers.  Middle  Tennessee  extends  eastward  to  the 
Cumberland  mountains;  and  East  Tennessee  is  situated 
between  the  latter  and  the  eastern  limits  oC  the  state. 

3.  The  climate  is  mild,  and  salubrious,  and  the  soil  gen- 
rrally  fertile.  Agriculture  is  the  chief  employment.  A 
greater  amount  of  Indian  corn  is  raised  here  than  in  any 
other  state  in  the  Union.  Cotton  and  tobacco  are  extensively 
cultivated ;  besides  wheat,  rye,  hemp,  &c. 

4.  Tho  luuuntnins  contain  numerous  caverns,  which  abound  in 
nitrous  earth,  from  which  saltpetre  is  made.    Iron,  gold,  coal,  and  salt, 

Tenneisee,  Q.  —  1,  What  was  Tennessco  originally  7  When  did  it 
liecomc  an  independent  state  7  2.  Whore  is  West  Tennessee  7  Mid. 
d)o  Tennessee  7  Enst  Ttnncssee7  .3.  What  is  said  of  the  climate  7 
Of  agriculture  f    4.  Wluit  do  the  mountains  contain  7    What  aro  the 


164 


I)K»CniPTIVB  OEOOnAPIIY. 


.re  Iho  chief  mi.u-r«U.    The  iron  ,n«dc  in  the  hUU«  k'vos  cnploymcn. 
to  a  nmnber  oi' ImnnocH,  roilii.if.millH,  and  nail-wnrkH. 

5    NttHhviUr  11.0  rupital,  in  on  ihr.  Mi  bank  of  C.unhrrkml  nvrr. 

SrS  and  "on.ain.  an  cl.,.g.".l  «talo  llousu  rocu-ntly  cudod.  b<...dc. 
some  other  tin.!  biiildnigH. 

r.  M..„>i.hi»  iH  Ibo  8ucoiid  town  in  tho  state :  it  Rtand.H  on  a  fine 
bh.tr  i  t  0  'rst  ba  V  of  the  M..Ki.si,.,.i  river,  and  bids  ti.>r  .o  bccomu 
in  Sorllnt "own.     A  Unilcl  State.  Navy  Yard  ,b  c.ta  d.^h.d  htr.. 

7  Knoxvillo  on  ll.o  H.dston  river,  waH  tho  first  neat  orKovrrn.ncul 
of  Tenne'c  "iVanldin  and  Cohunbia,  both  »outh  of  Nas  hv.li.,  Mur 
LZ»'.  Honlh-cast  of  tho  Han.c,  and  UoJ War,  on  the  llakh.o  m.r. 
arc  amonj;  Uic  most  llouri«hini:  towuH  lu  UnncsBCc 


mp  No.  12 
On  tlie  wjutli  ? 


Wliat  state  boimds  TcnncBsco  on  the  north?  Ky.— 
On  the  .outl.f  Mi.,  Aa.,  Ga—l^?  N-.Ca.-\V^'.t  A« - 
What  river  8e,.arates  this  slate  fro.n  Arlianaas  7  ,M'--,^^'''r:lV"Pir 
two  Drineiiml  rivers?  'IV,  fd.- Name  iho  licad  brandies  ot  the  icn- 
two  pnn'-'P"'  ru  iL  F.l!d.-Tell.  how  long  all  these  rivers  arc  / 
HoTmanr;;.  I  \  om  file  ta  do  .tcan.-boatf  navigate  the  nalchce 
CumSnd  and  IloUton  rivers?  To  what  towns  do  they  anccnd  ! 
Cumbcrlanu,  nnu    I.  separate TcnncsBeo  from  Nort  .Can.- 

lin;?  Ay  -The  AUeRhany  Mts.,in  thiB  part,  arc  dislingu.shed  by  the 
tal  nt;«  of  Stone  ^l  Smokv  Mt.,  &c. "  ^i-t  ~^-- ^^  ^ 
.!,«  T..niirwce  and  (umber  and  rivers  '     td.  —  How  Iiiff     "","'> 
WhK  U  n  p.„  ulation  of  Nashville  ?  Meniphis  ?   Knoxvdle  ?   Colum. 
bia?    In  what  comiticB  arc  each  of  tht.e  towns  7    Da.,  !Ny.,  Kx..  My 


MICHIGAN. 

1  This  state  coinprises  two  large  iicninsulas,  one  of  which 
IS  situated  between  Lakes  Huron  and  Michigan,  and  the  otlicr 
between  Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan. 

2  The  former  contains  the  white  population  of  the  stale, 

while  the  latter  is  inhabited  almost  solely  by  a  few  Indians, 

and  is  but  little  known.  _ 

^    3  The  sct'led  port  of  Michigan  IS  level,  and  fertile.     LoTge 

crops  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  rye,  arc  obtained;  while 
apples,  pears,  and  other  fruits,  grow  in  abundana;. 

4.  The  great  lakes  by  which  Michigan  is  surrounded,  arc 
chief  minerals?  What  is  ^ d^on  ?  5.  Describe  NashviUe. 
6.  Memphis.    7.  Knoxville,  and  the  otiier  tovixs. 

Michigan.  Q.  —  1.  What  does  this  state  comprise  ?  How  "c  «icy 
aitua  cd T"i.  What  docs  the  former  contain  7  The  attcr  7  3.  What 
SSd  of  the  settled  part  7    What  arc  obtained  7    4.  Ho.~  is  Michigan 


-** 


1  jjivos  employment 

rkri. 

■  Ciuiilicrliind  rivor. 

ill-  1111(1  pirtiinsiiiit 

itly  cri'cloil,  buiilc* 

it  BtiimlH  on  a  fin« 

bids  tiiir  til  liccoiiii; 

is  chIuIiUmIii'iI  I'l-ff 
,  Hi'iitornnvvrnincul 
1  oCNnslivllIc,  Mur. 

liic  iliiUlico  fiver, 
cc, 

n  tlionnrth7  Ky.— 

,i._WcBt/  As.— 
,li._\Vhirli  aretlio 
brnnchrs  of  the  Ten- 
ill  these  riviTg  lire  ? 
avigatc  the  niitclicc, 
■ns  do  thiiy  uHCcnd '! 
SCO  from  Nortli  C'aro- 
idistinguislicdbytlie 
it  mouiUainH  between 
How  liigli  arc  they  I 
Knoxvillc  ?  Coluin- 
?    Du.,  tJy.,  Kx.,  My 


sulas,  one  of  which 
ligan,  and  the  other 

ilation  of  the  stale, 
by  a  few  Indians, 

and  fertile.     Large 

re  obtained;  while 

lundana;. 

I  is  surrounded,  are 

i.  Describe  Nashville. 

B. 

iprise  7  How  arc  they 
Tlic  latter  7  3.  WImt 
r    4.  IIov.  is  Michigan 


MIC'IIIOAN 


na 
tics 


rry'i  Victory. 


vigublo  by  vessels  of  the  largest  size,  and  even  naval  bat. 
s  have  been  fougiit  on  them.     Perry's  victory  was  gained 
within  the  limits  of  this  state,  September,  1813. 

5.  Numerous  stcam.boatii  and  other  craft  arc  employed  in  the  trade 
of  the  coimtry,  and  in  convoyinfr  cnii^franls  from  the  cast  to  the  wcbI. 
Copjjct  is  foniid  in  abundance  along  the  Michigan  or  southern  shores 
of  Lake  Superior. 

6.  Detroit,  the  capital,  in  on  the  river  of  the  same  name;  it  is  admi- 
rably situated  for  ciimmLTrn,  of  which  its  share  is  already  extensive 
The  city  is  nguliirly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  number  of  handsome  pub- 
lie  buildiiigs.    Tlie  population  is  now  four  times  (rreatcr  than  in  1830. 

7.  Monroe  City,  near  the  hiouth  of  the  River  Raisin,  is  an  imjiortant 
and  thriving  ]>lace.  Mackinaw,  on  an  island  at  the  entrance  to  Lake 
Michiitan,  and  .St.  .Mary's,  at  Fort  Urady,  are  the  most  northern  settle, 
mcnts  in  the  state;  the  former  was  lonjy  noted  for  its  fur  trade,  which 
of  late  years  has  been  on  the  decline.  Mount  Clemens,  Teeiimsch,  and 
Ann-Arbour,  in  tlio  eastern,  and  Niles  and  At.  Joseph,  in  the  western 
«'ction  of  Michifjan,  are  all  nourishing  towns. 

Map  No.  5.  —What  lake  bounds  .Michigan  on  the  north  7  Sr.  —  On 
the  cast?  Hn.— West?  Mn. —What  states  on  the  south  ?  la.,  ()o 
— What  rivers  separate  Michigan  irom  Wisconsin  7  Ml.,  Me.  — What 
country  east  of  Miehifsn?  C.-Wt.— What  territory  on  the  west? 
Wn.  —Where  is  Mackinaw  7    F-^rt  Brady  ? 

«urronndcd  7  What  has  taken  place  on  them  7  5.  What  is  laid  of 
•team-boats,  &e.  /  OfcopiKir?  6.  Describe  Detroit.  7.  Monroe  lity 
Maciiinaw,  Sic,    Mount  Clemcn.-i,  and  other  towns. 


IGG 


DEscniPTivi:  OEOQRArav. 


Map  No.  14.— What  lake  lici  iHJtweon  Lake*  Huron  and  Eric  7 
S..Cr.— What  river  unitei  it  to  Lako  Huron  7  S..Cr.~\Vliich  to 
L.iko  Krio  7  Dt,  —What  is  tho  poimhition  of  Detroit  7  Monroe  ? 
Nilcs?  To  what  place  on  tho  St.  Joseph's  river  do  ■tcnrn.hoats  ascend  ' 
How  far  from  tlio  Ma  is  it  7  On  what  rivor  is  Grand  Haven  V  PuInierV 
Su|riiiaw.  ^ 
120 


Dattio  or  Tippccano*. 

INDIANA. 

1.  Indiana  is  Iho  smallest  in  extent  of  tlie  Western  States; 
it  is  similar  to  Ohio  in  .soil  and  surface,  but  contains  a  larger 
proportion  of  piairic  land. 

2.  The  labour  of  the  farmer  is  hero  amply  repaid  with 
luxuriant  crops  of  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  and  orUs,  wliieh. 
«ith  beijf,  pork,  &c.,  arc  t!ic  chief  articles  of  exportation. 

3.  The  mineral  resources  of  Indiana  have  been  but  litf'i.' 
nt'endod  to;  but  coal,  iron,  lime,  and  salt,  are  known  lo 
Hl'ounl,  and  Epsom  salts  arc  found  in  a  cave  near  Corydou. 

4.  An  extensive  Kystcni  of  canals  and  rail.roads  has  'jcon  adopted 
by  thin  Ktatc,  wliich,  when  completed,  will  bo  of  iniincnso  advantage 
to  the  inhubitants. 

5.  Tiio  people  of  Indiana  were  greatly  harassed  by  tho  Indians 

Indiana.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  Indiana  7  In  what  is  it  similar  to  Ohio  ? 
a.  How  is  the  farmer  repaid  7  3.  What  are  the  mineralB  7  4.  Whcl 
uf  canals  and  rail.roads  ?    5.  By  whom  were  tlio  people  harassed  1 


Huron  and  Erie? 

S..Cr — Wliich  t(. 
Wctroit  7  Monroe  7 
(trnin-boatfi  nHcund  ' 
d  Haven  V   Palmer  V 


mwr 


ILLINOIS.  J67 

antil  the  year  1811,  when  General  HirriHon  defeated  tho  Sliawanouc 
Prophet,  atler  u  gallant  cuntctt,  near  tlio  mouth  of  the  Tippecanoe 
river. 

C,  Iniliann|HiliM,  tho  cnpiliil  of  tho  Mtntc,  Blands  on  a  fine  plnin  near 
iho  While  river,  and  in  laid  out  with  nuicli  lanlo  and  regularity.  It 
JontuinH  Hevt'rul  liaiidNoinu  public  buildiufrM. 

7.  i\ew  Alliiiny,  on  the  Ohio  river,  is  tho  largcHt  town  in  tho  dtiite : 
It  carries  on  a  cjnaideralilo  trudo.  Madison  and  Jellbrsionville,  ali*> 
on  tho  Ohio,  aro  llouriHhinjj  town».  Vcvay  in  settled  by  a  colony  o'.' 
iiiduMtriouH  Swiss,  who  cultivato  cxtcnHivo  vineyards,  and  make  con 
siderablo  ({uunlitieii  of  excellent  wine, 

8.  Vincennes  is  the  oldest  town  in  Indiana.  New  IInrniony,Tcrr» 
Haute,  Lafayette,  and  LoganH|)ort,  on  the  Wabash  river,  arc  all  thriving 
towns.  Michigan  City,  at  tho  head  of  Lake  Michigan,  .South  Bend, 
on  tho  St.  JoHcph's,  and  Fort  Wayne,  on  tho  Maunico  river,  aro  tho 
principal  places  in  tho  north  part  of  tho  atato. 

Map  ^'o.  14.  —  What  stito  on  thn  norlh  7  IMn.  —  On  the  south  7  Ky 
—  Kaat  '  'Jo.  —  West  /  h.  —  Which  river  on  the  ^outh  ?  Oo.  —  On 
tho  west  7  \Vh.  —  What  river  flows  into  Liiko  Erie  7  Mo.  —  What 
rivers  How  into  tho  WabuHh  7  El.,  So.,  ;\Iy.,  To.,  We.  — How  long  aro 
tho  foregoing  rivers  7  How  far  from  tho  sea  do  steani-boats  navigatu 
tho  Wabash  7  East  foiK  of  White  river  7  What  is  the  population  of 
Now  Albany  7  Madison  7  Kushvillo7  Indianapolis  7  Vincennes  7 
Terro  Hauto  7  Lafnyctio  7  Logansport  7  In  what  counties  arc  aU 
these  towns  7  Fd.,  Jn,,  Rh.,  Mn.,  Kx.,  Vc,  Tci.,  Cs.  —  When  was  tho 
buttle  of  Tipjtccanoe  fought  /    On  what  rivers  are  tho  chiof  towns  7 


5  Western  States ; 
'ontuins  a  lurgcr 

njily  ivpaiil  with 
nnd  ();i!.'^,  wliicli, 
f  o.Nportatioii. 
vc  been  jjut  littli.' 
t,  nro  known  lo 
3  iipar  Corytlon. 

1ms  'jcon  adopted 
iinnenso  advantage 

ed  by  tlio  Indians 

it  similar  to  Ohio? 
incrals?  4.  Whcl 
!  people  harassed  ? 


131 


ILLINOIS. 

1.  iLiiNoia  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  states  in  the  Union  : 
it  consists  chiefly  of  rich  and  extensive  ])i-airies,  and  is  watered 
by  a  number  of  beautiful  streams,  of  wiiich,  the  lilinuii^,  and 
tome  otiicrs,  are  navigated  by  steam-boats. 

2.  Agriculture  is  the  chief  and  most  profitable  employment. 
Too  principal  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  hemp, 
and  tobacco.  Cattle,  horses,  and  swin?  abound,  and  are 
raised  on  the  fertile  prairies  with  but  litllo  trouble. 

3.  Tho  chief  minerals  aro  lead  and  coal.    Tho  first  is  the  moal 

6.  Describe  Indianapolis.    7.  Now  Albany.    Madison.    8.  Vincennes, 
ind  the  other  towns. 

lUinoia.  Q.  —  l.  What  is  Illinois  7  Of  what  docs  it  consist? 
I.  What  is  said  of  iigriculturo  7    CaUle,  &c.  7    3.  Of  mineials  7    Tho 


w 


\m 


DESCRIPTIVE   OEOOUArilY. 


Illlnoii  College  in  the  dlilonce. 


4V.indant.  The  load-mincs  around  Galena,  with  those  of  the  adjoining 
Territory  of  WiBCoUBin,  arc  ainnnR  the  rich.«t  in  the  world,  and  covci 
a  region  of  country  hundreds  of  Bqnnro  niiloB  in  extent. 

4  Tiie  cnnal  to  conneel  Lake  Miehicnn  witli  the  IllinoiB  river  ii. 
nearly  tmnpleted.  Several  ruil-roads  to  intersect  the  Htate  in  variou. 
directions  have  been  projeeted. 

5  Cliicnco,  near  tlie  head  of  Lake  Michi^rnn,  is  the  most  important 
place  ill  Illinois.     It  1ms  become,  within  a  Hav  years  the  centre  of  a 

arKO  and  Rrowinp  trade.  Nun.crouH  steani-boats  Hlnps,  briffs,  and 
other  vessels,  are  constantly  ttrriviiig  at.  and  d.purtmg  Irom,  its 
wharves. 

0.  Snrincficld,  the  cnpitul,  is  very  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  and 
not  far  from  the  southern  bank  of  th.^  SanKanu.n  river.  It  is  ■»  <1"»'»  j;; 
mg  town,  and  is  situated  in  one  of  the  most  lert.le  districts  o(  Illinoia. 

7  Teoria,  Hcardstown,  and  Naples,  on  thu  Illinois  rivor  Q.i.ncy  »nd 
Alton,  on  the  Mississippi,  Gakna,  in  the  northern  part  o  the  slate  and 
Jacksonville,  near  its  centre,  arc  thriving  places.  In  the  viemity  of 
the  latter  is  Illinois  College,  the  principal  literary  institution  in  the 
Zlc  Nauvoo.  the  Mormon  city,  is  on  the  cast  bank  ol  the  Mississippi 
river.  2U0  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

Man  No.  14.  — What  bounds  Illinois  on  the  north?  W.-Ty.  —On 
the  souO.  ?  Ky.  -  East  ?  la.  -  West  ?  Mi ,  l.-Ty.  -  What  river 
.,r,  Uio  west  T     Mi. -On  the  south?    Oo.  -  On  the  east  t    Wh.- 

IcBd.mlnrs  7      4.  Canals  ?      Rail-roads  7     S.  Describe  Chicago.      6 
Jlprwf  field     T.  Ptwrn,  Ueard.lovvB  4fcc     Quwcy,  Alton,  Salens,  »c 


T 


miXtii'u 


lioscorthe  adjoining 

iho  world,  und  covci 

extent. 

I  tlm  Illini)lH  river  i* 

,  the  Mtute  in  varioui 

in  tlio  most  important 
(•(■iirH,  llic  crntro  of  b 
iits,  Hlii|)H,  brijTH,  and 
1  dii>urtin{f  I'roin,  iti 

•ntrc  of  tlio  state,  Dnd 
ivcr.  It  Ih  a  flourish. 
ill!  districts  of  lllinoia. 
mis  rivor,  Qnincy  nnd 
n  piirt  of  tlio  Ktiitc,  and 
•H.  Ill  tlic  vicinity  of 
ary  institution  in  tlio 
ianl(  of  tiic  Misiiissippi 


lorfh?  W..Ty.— On 
,  |..Ty.  — Wlml  river 
)n  the  east  t    Wh.  — 

describe  Cliicago.  6 
cy,  Alton,  Galens,  itc 


MIM80VRI.  IGO 

W)»t  riv«rt  flow  into  the  MiHsisHippi  T  Rk.,  I.^,  Ka.  —What  rivori 
mid  the  lilinoii?  Kc,  r)..rs.,  Fx.,  Vn.,  Mw.,  Sn.,  Sn.  — Wlml  rivcm 
(l.pw  into  till)  WahiiHh  ?  Vn.,  Kh.,  f-.-Wli.  —  Uuw  Imiif  in  ,.a,h  of  the 
tiirc)t"iiig  riviTH  7  What  laKr  on  Iho  imrth-ciiKt  f  Mii.— How  inmiy 
(iiliHli.tiints  h:iM  Chiciiifo  ?  (Jnlcnii  f  IVoriii  /  Qiiiiicy  /  Siiriiiijrti'ld  ' 
Jiickfiinvilid  ?  Alliin  ?  In  what  oiiiiilica  arc  tlicHc  lowns?  Ck.,  Jh., 
I'll.,  Ah.,  Sn.,  Mn.,  iVIn.  —  flow  <iir  liroiii  the  Ma  doNK^nin-lioiitM  iiHceiiil' 
Oie  Illinois  ?  Hook  ?  and  Sanjjiiinon  rivcr»  1  On  wlmt  kki  ii  Chicago 


Iiidiani  atlncking  Miasuuri  TraderM. 


MISSOURI.* 

1.  Missornr  is  tho  tliird  state  for  extent  in  tho  Union. 
'I  he  fuco  of  the  country  is  divcr.silied  with  hilLs,  piuins,  and 
[irniries,  of  which  tho  hittiT  predominate. 

2.  Indian  corn,  wliuat,  out.s,  hfuiip,  and  tobacco,  an?  largely 
I'ultivated,  witii  some  cotton  in  the  southern  part  ol'  the  state. 
This  is  an  admirable  grazing  country,  and  vast  herds  of 
horses,  cattle,  and  hogs,  are  raised  in  it. 

3.  Missouri  is  rich  in  minerals :  the  'cad-mines  have  been 
worked  for  more  tlian  100  years,  and  produced  in  tlio  year 
IS40  more  tlian  five  million  pounds. 

4.  Tlie  Pilot  Knob  and  tho  Iron  Mountain  are  immense  masses  of 

Miunuri.  Q  — 1.  What  is  Missouri  7  What  is  said  of  the  country  ? 
i  What  are  cultivated  7    Raised  7    3.  What  of  Uio  mine^ida  f    4.  De. 


W 


* Miuouri  Mistu'-re. 


m^ 


170 


DBSCniPTIVB    aEOOKAPIIV. 


norlv  i,ure  iron,  and  •..r|><i«.  .very  ll.inR  ..  iho  kiml  foun.l  «-l«"W»*w 
CupiKT  line.  «...!  c.m\,  ul«o  al.ou.ul,  and  -alt  u  n.u.lc  to  .»...<•  .ulcn  . 

twccn  tl.i«  «tato  and  Hanla  K«,  in  New  M.»i.o  i  l.u  Iru.l.rH  fi.rm 
rHruvunn  of  ninnoroiw  individiiul..  v^ill.  mnny  hoi-...  nn.l  wutfon*. 
TI.CV  cffy  vario.w  articles  ..r  m.r.l.«<..li«',  «i>d.  «"'g  "'.'"oli""ui 
»Unckc.l  l.y  Indlann,  .1.  (liul  thci.i«lvri»  will,  tli.ir  rillc. 

a  J.tr.n.<.n.Mty,ll.«<^upit«l.i«  .m  th.i  H....tli  H.do  ..I  ih.'  Mm«ouri. 
180  n.ilo«  Iron,  iu  n.outl. !  her..  ..re  ll...  Sui..  ll..u«o  »n.     .  n.icntmry 

7  St  LouiK  iHon  till!  wi'Ht  l.unk  ..f  tli.^  .Mi»«i»-ipi)i,  l.UK)  mil. ;»  trwin 
ho  H.M.  nn.l  in  tlu.  luruc»t  town  in  MiH.....iri.  It  in  luvourul.ly  Kiluat.  .1 
for  tra.lo.  nn.l  lm«  an  .xtu.-iva  f..n.in.'r<.«.  Nnn.oroi-.  -t.-u.nl.uatH  nw 
Ton.fanlly  <l.|.artin«  lur,  nn.l  arriving  In.....  m>;irly  M  jmrb.  ol  K' 
Mi«»iH»i|.|.i  vall.7.  Amonff  tl.-  pub...'.  huild...«.  arc  tl.o  (  ,.tl  .Mlra 
n«M.lH;r  of  church..-«,  the  no«|..l.il,  Orphan  AHyhmi.  l.ony...nt  o(  ... 
Sacred  Heart,  i;ily  Hall,  Thculr.;,  Siv..  M\v.m,n  »arra.;k«.  j  m.k. 
lM!low  81.  I...uiH,  i«  the  head..iiiartcrH  of  thu  wc«tcru  divisiuu  ol  the 

Unitt'd  StalcH  arniv.  ,      .  n         ,1  , 

8  St.  ChurUs  iVanklin,  noon.vilU-,*  and  I,.xin(jton,  am  all  on  tM:i 
MisBonri  riv.'r.  I'ro.n  I...l.i..n.l.n.r,  a  HO.all  town  in  Iho  w.^Ht.'n. 
part  ..f  iho  St;itp,  tho  Santa  Vo  trad.^rn  us.mlly  .l.'parl  l..r  th.'ir  jo.irn.'y 
LroH.  tho  prairh'H.  Ilorcnlancnn,  N.nv  M:..lri.l,  St.  {J.,n.v.<'vo.  a...l 
Capo  (Jin  nVa.i,  arc  on  Iho  iMi»M«»ippi.  At  Ilorculuneuni,  largo  quan 
titi.  I  of  I  hot  arc  made. 

Hap  la  U.  — Wlmt  territory  on  the  north  T  I.-Ty.— On  the  wcit  1 
I,  TyU.  Vl.at  (.tatcH  on  tho  cant  ?  Is.,  Ky.-Soulh  ?  A«.— What  river 
«,  tho  e  I8t7  Mi.-On  tho  wc«t,  and  in  the  centre?  Mi.— What  rivcrH 
f  ow  inl  .  tho  MiHHo.,ri  7  L.-I'e.,  (id.,  Cn.,  Oe..  (.e.-  Into  the  Mi««im. 
fippi?  St.,  Mi.,  Me. -What  nvcrn  Ih.w  into  ArkatiHttB?  W.-Wr., 
B..Hk.,  Ct.,  Wc.— What  mountain*  in  tho  Bouth-wcsl?  Ok.  — How 
hiirh  a-o  they?  What  mi.  c»  in  Wa8hin({l..n  county?  I.d.-Wlml 
mount  ang  ?  In.,  P.-Kb.-  How  many  inhabitanlH  haH  &l.  L.m.s  ?  St. 
Charlfj?  Palmyra?  In  what  counties  are  thcHC  townB ?  In  which 
■■  Jelfcrgon  city?  Co.  -  BooncviUo  ?  Cr.  -  Lcxinjri.m  7  Lc.- 
Libci'  y  ?    Cy.  —  On  what  rivers  arc  tho  other  principal  towns  7 

ARKANSAS. 

1  Arkansas  was  ndmitted  into  the  Union  in  1830.  Tin- 
cast  ;rn  part  of  tho  country  along  tho  Missis-sippi  is  low  and 
nmi  Jhy ;  but  the  interior  is  elevated,  hculthiul,  and  pleasant. 

scrMo  Pilot  Kncb  a-'   'he  Iron   Mountain.     5.  What  Undo,  &,c.T 

Wh  it  do  tho  traders  fbrm  ?    C.  Describe  Jeficrson  City.    7,  St.  Louii. 

&  i  t  Charles,  and  tlib  other  towns.  ,    ,.,  ,  .     , 

Jrkantat.  Q.  —  l.  What  is  said  of  Arkansaa?    Of  tlie  country? 

■"■  •  Boonevillt,  Uoon'-vil. 


iii'MiHlilliii'ii"tT " — - 


I 


IIY. 

kiriil  founil  rNrwl«er« 
iimdu  til  ■iiMic  cutvnt. 
icriHoi  tlio  I'mirivK  lia- 

10.  'I'liu  IriiilLrit  fiirm 
y    holiicH  mill   waifuliik 

and  liring  Kuniutiiiiuf 
ii'ir  rillvN. 

Ii  Hiilo  of  the  MiMuuri, 
iouHa  mill  I'l  nitvntiiiry 
iHHi|i|ii,  noo  inilrn  tVi.m 

11,  IN  lUvimpuhly  diliiati  il 
imorDi'i  HtoumlioiitH  iiri; 
rii':irly  all  p;irlM  of  lln- 
1{H  aro  tlio  ("allii:ilnil,  u 
iHyliini,  I'onvi'nt  of  tlm 
TMon  Uurriu^k", .'»  uuU!* 
wcslcrii  tliviHiuu  of  llic 

•xiniflon,  urn  nil  on  tin 
II  ti'.vn  in  llio  wiMtiTii 
(li'piirl  lor  their  ionrnry 
Iriil,  Hi.  (Ji;ni'vi<wo,  mid 
orculunouni,  largo  quan 

f  I..Ty.— On  tlio  wcit  1 
loutli  ?  As.— What  rivtr 
ntro  ?  Mi. — Wliut  riverH 
,  Go. —  Into  tlio  MinsiH- 
ito  Arkansan?  W.-Wr., 
jutli-wcat  ?  Ok.  —  How 
in  county  7  I.d.— Wliiil 
tnntH  liuH  St.  Louis  7  Si, 
thcHctowns?  In  which 
,  —  liCxinplon  7  Lc.  — 
r  principal  towns  7 


Union  in  1S36.  Tlu- 
lississippi  is  low  nnd 
;ulthful,  and  pleusant. 

.  5.  What  txndo,  &c.T 
"cruon  City.    7,  St.  Louii. 

insafl  7  Of  tlio  countrv  t 
_ 


I 


L 


WIHCn^StN   TERItlTORY. 


m 


2.  Tl«)  Inntl  btjrdoritij^  on  tho  rivers  in  generally  ft-rtilo,  nnd 
pnuliicii  jfiHid  cnips  iil'  coUnn  und  corn.  Wlinit  luul  uilicr 
Kruins  j^row  well  in  tlio  upper  country,  wliilo  |K.iulies,  piuins, 
luul  (ithiT  iVuilH,  nrc  riiiwd  in  abundiuicc. 

.'>.  Thill  iitatu  ha*  consjilcrahlo  advanlagti  for  coinmorco.  Noarly 
«ufy  piirt  of  it  in  iiUcrmcUil  hy  ■trcaniii  lliut  How  intu  ihu  .'Miii«iiiii^p|ii 
river.  SIcain.hoats  anconil  lliu  ArkmiHiis  durinij  hiifh  watir  nuarlv 
(1110  mil,  M  uIhao  its  mouth ;  and  tliu  Hid,  Whilt,  Hi.  t"fanci«,  und 
\VumIiiI;i  rivcru,  nro  all  mori:  or  lo**  navij{ahlc. 

■I.  The  ll.,t  MjiringM,  alioiii  (illy  milri  wc-,1  oI'Lillli'  Rock,  nro  among 
ihv  chii  I  iiinoHitiiH  of  tho  roiiiiiry  j  llic  water  of  »oiiai  of  lliini  in  nuf 
(icicnlly  hot  to  li.,il  an  vgg  in  fiiU.jn  niimitcs.  Tiny  aro  vi ry  nuinur- 
oiiH,  and  mm  ll  n  »ortid  In  hy  iiivulidn,  who  (rcncrally  lind  tho  uku  gf 
the  wall  r  hi  n<  liciul  to  thiir  hi  allh. 

.'».  I.illhi  li,M:k,  tho  capital  of  the  Mlat.',  sitiiatcd  on  the  Arkansa» 
riycr,  iiImhu  .'lllll  miliM  uIhh,.  itH  mouth,  in  thi^  iiiuxt  imiiortant  town 
I  ho  chii  I  of  till,  olhcrs  arc,  Arkannas,  llatiKvillc,  Ilclcim,  Fulton,  and 
rayctlcvillu.     I'hcuo  uro  all  of  limitid  population. 

Miip  S'n.  13,— What  homiilH  Arkanwis  north  7  Ml South?   La.— 

r;a»t7  Tc.  AW.,— Went/  I.'I','Cn.  —What  river  Kcpiiralcs  it  from  Ton. 
tieswn  ami  MiH«iK,ii|>pi  f  Mi.  —What  rivc th  How  into  the  MisMMi,ippi  ? 
Ah,,  We.,  S.-l'V— What  two  How  into  L(jii;»iaiia  f  Hd.,  Wn.— Till  the 
hnirtlm  of  the  loriTToinir  rivery.  IIow  la,'  are  tho  ArkannaH,  Whit.; 
Washita,  and  Ued  riviTH  iia\ii:;ih!e  li)r  Hle;iiiilinatH  from  the  hea  I  Where 
lines  the!  navignliim  end.  K-tJii.,  He.,  Cii.,  Jo.— Iii  what  eoimty  In 
Little  Uoek?  I'i.— Fort  Smith  .'  Cd.— Fulion  f  Hd.- Fayctlevillo  ? 
Wn — Batcsvillc?  lo.— "n  what  rivers  ore  tho  chief  t««vng  7 


li>l 


WISCONSIN. 

1.  Wisconsin  fiirineil,  until  t\w  year  1830,  f'lc  wcstni-h 
tliviHion  oniichiirnn.  in  IH  Ki,  ('onirrcss  passed  on  Act  pro- 
viding Ibr  iU  udini.s.«*ion  into  ihe  Union  as  i\  State. 

2.  It  comprises  nbout  two-tliinis  of  the  area  of  the  luto  tor- 
ritory  of  Wisconsin,  nnd  is  about  e(|iial  in  «\\tcnt  to  the  State 
nf  (,leoro;ia.  The  remainder  of  tiiu  territory,  lying  north- 
westward  of  tiie  State,  is  not  yet  organized. 

3.  The  population  of  Wisconsin  is  confined  ehinfly  to  th(! 
southwest  portion  of  tho  State,  but  its  great  mineral  resources 

2,  Productions  7     .*),  Commerce  7     Steam.boiits  7     4.  Hot  SpringB  7 
."i.  Deseriho  Little  Rock,  and  otlior  towns. 

lVi»r«H«in.  Q.  —  I.  What  did  Wisconsin  form  7  What  occurred  in 
18IG  7  2.  What  doc.,  it  comprise  ?  What  State  docs  it  equal  7  3,  What 
h  said  of  the  population  7    Mineral  resources,  i&c.  .' 


I 


*E«-TJYi.>,:frf-;^ 


HI 


\Vi  nrfcRiPTivB  uKimRAPiiv. 

niiil  M^'  M'tt  dr«*  rtttrarting  nuiiMTtnii  (iiiiigrtn(«  fium  vurioat 
^Mirts  (li  thn  l/nion. 

4.  This  cHuiriiry  in  rich  in  miwrftl  nnKliicN.  r^oml  in  fixirut 
in  Krrnt  qunntiliiii,  nutl  <'<i|i|i('r  iiml  inm  alio  alxiuiiil.  The 
priiii'i|inl  iruili'  <>(' V\is<'<»ii;Hiii  roiiNiiiM  in  lln-  r.\|MirliiiK  nflriul 
itn<l  ..tlur  pridliK (•*,  Jo  tJiu  various  mitrkilB  on  lluj  Mi-^Mi-niiijU 
iiml  (HiMi  riv<'r«. 

.1,  IMiiilixoii,  ilio  raji't  il  u(  W  inr.inAf^,  l«  nn  »  krnnrh  of  Rork  rlvrr, 
ami  iiliotii  liiirwiiy  !>•  hvccn  tlic  Mlii<U>i|i|ii  rivrr  nitil  (.ak.;  IVIii'h»snn. 
'riii>iii;li  liiit  l.ili'ly  liiiil  Dill,  a  niiiiilvi  r  ol  Imililiiiffii  !<>ivi'  lii'iii  rnx'ti'il. 
Milwinikiv,  lliic'iiii',  Niiviiriiw),  .Miiirriit  I'uiiil,  I'rutrko  du  Chkn,*  uiiU 
t'unavilk',  art!  tliu  utlur  priiK'i|kil  luwii*. 


Clil|i|Mi»ay  Baik  LoiIk*. 


Biriii  ilvrk  UiniM. 


C,  Tliu  cliicriniliiin  trilic*  in  WiiLnnnin,  ate  tlin  Cliipncvayi  and 
llie  Mt:nM(iiiii)iiicii,  'I'ho  liiriiii'r  nuhHiU  iui».tly  on  tlio  wil'i  .- luu  with 
wliicti  tlic  niiiiiADiiN  lukcN  ultmiiitl.  'I'liiy  iiiuki>  linluci  and  cnnooii  of 
birch  Itark,  but  Imvu  nut  iniii.li  niL'rIiiinicul  ini(i'nuily.  Tlic  Mcmiki- 
inoiiii'H  nrc  miiH;riiir  in  Nkill  to  llir  CliipiicwiiyH  ;  tliiy  |)rc|iiirL'  Mix, 
■nucc^aninii,  hIivuIIih,  Slk.,  very  iivutly,  und  uniuinont  thvin  with  bvud> 
und  i>orcu|iinu  quilU. 

MiipKo.5.  —  WImt  boiindd  Wiiicon»in  on  the  nntlh  7  R-Aa. - 
South/  Ih.  —  ICant?  AIn,  —  \V«»t7  I.-'l'v.  —  WImt  rivi-r  foriiiHiH  iirly 
lh(!  wholu  of  tlio  wuHtcrn  bmindiiry?  Ali,  —  Whut  riviTH  (low  iiilo 
Lake  Supprior  ?  8.-F.«.,  Ml. —  Into  (irccn  liny?  IMo. —  Into  tliu 
iM  miHuiimi  river?  Wn.,  Km. —  What  lakm  in  WiitooiiHin  ?  IJil., 
St,  Pn.,  Wo.  —  WImt  lake*  on  the  ouHt  ?  Mr.,  Mn.  —  WImt  lakcn  form 
part  of  tho  north  and  taBlcrii  boundary?  Wh.,  IJy.,  8r.,  Mil.  — How 
fiir  from  tho  sea  can  iituain-boatH  ascend  the  .MiNHiKiiippi  river  7 

Map  So.  14.  —  In  what  county  Ih  the  ea|>it«l  7  I)e.  —  Milwaukio  7 
M«.  —  Caiisville  7  (Jt.  —  Prairie  du  Chicn  I  Cd.  —  How  far  from  the 
ica  do  JU;ani.boat8  aiiccnd  tliu  WixeonHin  ?     Rock  river? 

4.  What  il  Raid  of  tho  mineral  products  7  Of  the  trade  7  5.  DcHcribe 
Madison  city,  Milwaukie,  and  the  oilier  towns,  fi.  Which  aro  tha 
chief  lu^ian  tribct  ?    Dcucnbc  tlio  C:iiippcwayi».    Tho  Monnomonioi. 

•  I'rairit  du  Chitn,  Pray'-re  du-Shcon'. 


1 


rtiv. 

iiii^^rHiitM  fium  vurioiM 

iliicdi.     T^nd  in  (ixtnil 

)  uIm)  alxiiiiiil.     'i'ho 

tli<'  f'.\|MirliiiK  III' 1<  lid 

;t  ti  01)  tliu  MU,-ti-i»i|ii» 

(  B  bmnrh  ofRorK  river, 
IV'  r  ithil  ('oko  IVIi('lt>i;an, 
liiiiiir*  !.itvi'  Im'I'ii  rrot'ti'il. 
,  I'rutrii)  tlu  ChU'n,*  uud 


rclt  llaik  Cinoa, 

nro  the  Clitppcvayi  and 
lly  oit  tlio  wil'i  I  luc  with 
uIm>  Idilut'i  and  vanooii  ut' 
iiiKi'iiuily.  'i'lic  MciMKt- 
■iiyH;  tliry  |)rc'|iiirL'  belli*, 
lumi'iit  thviii  with  bvadii 


n  the  north  7  n.-Aa.  - 
-  Whut  riviT  foriiiH murly 
~  Whut  riviTH  (h>w  into 

Iliiy?    INIii. —  liitu  iho 
;t'n  in  WinooiiMin  ?     IM., 

Mil,  —  Wliiit  lakiH  form 
Vh.,  Ky.,  Hr.,  Mil.  — IIuw 
MiMHixiiippi  river  7 
till?   Do.  — Milwaukk<7 

Cti.  —  How  fur  from  the 
Rock  river  7 

flhotruilo?  5.  DcHcribe 
iviii.  fi.  Which  aro  the 
>y».    The  Monnomonict. 

du-Shcon'. 


1 


imvA  TKHitrroRY 
IOWA. 


179 


1.  Iowa  wnn  (itrriwd  into  a  Ifrritory  in  th*>  yrnr  I  •'.I'*.  In 
Hid  it  WHS  <tiliiuili'i|  iiiiM  tli(>  I'liioti  tin  u  .Sf.i'i.  It  ih>  liiil.n 
iho  Huiitliirii  |Hirtii>ii  ot'  ilir  littn  Trrrilnry  of  Idwii,  itml  cdiiI' 

ri'i>«>!t  a  tliinl  part  of  its  iirnt.  In  ixlrnt  it  in  nlMtiit  ri|iiiil  tu 
Ihi  «iln.  'I'Ih'  ri'inaiiuhr  (ifthf'  Ti'iritory  in  twioti  tin-  nI/h  of 
Vir^iniii,  liiit  II  yi'l  nDor^iini/i'il. 

'•.'.  'I'h''  Sidle,  Mfi  liir  lis  it  tiiiN  li»'<'n  cxplori'il,  in  U'luiliriil  in 
yp|M(iriiiici',  (iiiil  of  till'-  .|,,(ii(iii  liitility  nl"  ^nil,  Miwt  luxu- 
liiiiit  ri'iips  III"  r.irii,  will   it,  mill  (i.iU,  iin-  piMihicnl. 

.'I.  1,1'nil  IM  thi*  iiriiK'liiitl  iiwiicrnl.  It  i*  liniinl  in  ({ri'iil  ulmiidiiDri'; 
«iid  lh>'  rii'hint  h'ittl  iMliM  N  in  tlir  I'nilcil  Htiilcn  are  Ihoni'  wurki'd  In 
till*  virinily  nf  i)utMii|iir.*     ('»(il,  inin,  iinil  hniiwlufir,  nUit  iilnniiid, 

'1.  The  lriwn«  »rr  yrt  miiall.  low.i  t'ily,  the  <  (i|iitu|,  \t  mi  Ihmh  river, 
/O  iiiili'N  iViiin  ilM  iiiotilh  i  it  wim  cDtiiiiiriirtcl  in  l^*llt),  uml  m  now  of 
(i'ii|N'i!t:ili|i'  Hi/e,  lliirlltiKliiii,  Ihr  liitr  ciijiiliil,  wiin  liiiil  mil  In  iH.'l.'i,  oi, 
ilii!  wci-l  Imnk  of  tin'  .VIiiminMi|i|»i  rivrr.     It  hiu  I'oioiiili  r  ihle  Irnde. 

•1.  Ihibiiijiie  in  in  Iho  riiitri'  nl'  thi'  niinini;  tliKlrict  of  Inwn ;  It  It 
•  hiiKy  ronitni'rriiil  town,  Kurt  M:iili-on,  llluoniiiii'ton,  l>.ivi<n|M>rt« 
Montruie,  and  Hftleni,  aru  mnong  tliu  |)riui'i|iul  (^f  Ihu  othitr  tu>vi>«. 


Biiiux  Clilnr  and  lili  Bon. 


Indian  Hklii  iMlnr. 


fi.  The  Sioux  Iiuliuns  inhabit  the  rentral  and  northern  pnrt  of  the 
Jilc  territory.    The  WinnelxiRocii,  liiwim,  and  8uc»  and  Foxes,  uru  tiiu 

/oirn  Trrrilory.  Q.— 1.  Whot  '•  foid  of  Iowa  7  What  docR  il  iiiehido  7 
comprise?  To  whut  Slate  in  itenuttl,Ate.7  2.  What  inlaid  of  the  eountry  7 
3.  What  is  the  prineipnl  minrruf  7  4.  Whut  ii  iiuid  of  the  towns  I  !i.  Whut 
is  laid  of  Diibur|iic,&c.7  G.  W  liut  Indian  trils'ii  reside  in  lown  7  Descrilxi 

*  Uubuqut,  Du-book . 


m 


pcwMtrrtvii  aRoonAruv. 


Ifkixt  now  r>  •ii|i  ttt  111  llie  MlitU,  Tliti  Hmui  arv  III*  mnti  nniMrmi* 
•ml  iiiiwirlUI.  'I'hi'y  liv«  »m  iIii<  pritlrliK,  iitakc  Mfi»  id' liulftlo  (lilii*, 
Kiid  i>iii|i|.>y  d'lt"  '  '  iriliiia.     Tli"  l)>  all  fi    iJkm  iitiiimU  li 

with  iht'iii  •  priiiM  .  'iiiil  •  ft'Ml  ol*  ilufi'  iiwat  !■  Ilu.  |r«»tMl 

liMrlt  o(  rra|witt  Ihc/  i  itii  jmy  «  iirkHfur. 

Maf  iV«,  3.  Wtiitt  iNiiiniU  ilw  i<tiil«  of  Iowa  on  tii«  nurth  f  in,  'Icr. 
-loutli  I  Ml,-K«.t  ^  Wn.,  I*.  -W..t }  M.Ty,,  I..Ty.,  In.  Ty  — 
V'hct  rivir  on  lliu  rail/  Mt.  — Wmt'  Ml. -> What  rivira  Huw 
north  r  |<r| ,  Ml'.— into  it."  Mlwoiitl  t  Jo.,  Hx.—  ltilo  lh«  Mi»liwl|if»i ' 
M..i'ii.,  In,,  l)»,  •'•llow  long  ■')'  till)  iMixNoiirl,  MlanlMiiipl,  Ri'il,  Ht. 
fvlt^rV,  liiwn,  «Mil  Ik'i  Moint'n  rivi'ra  '  Frimi  wliiit  *nlii)  tJotii  thu  Mt*. 
•liilpul  rivir  AitYt  I  la. —What  Initian  triUi  In  luwa '  Ai.,  Kx,, 
Wi„  Hi.,  Ha.,  Aiiil  Fk. 

Map  A'o  M.— On  what  mvit  In  Iow»el(yf  ThoolhtTchlrfiownif  To 
wlm(  tJiNiiiicr  iVuiii  llio  «:•  do  att'tiin  ImmU  aacrnd  Iho  Ui'i  Muinti  rlv«r  ? 

l'.>0    


Bnilfr»iii  iMillant  lindiiif  at  Tun  flibion. 
INDIAN  TERRITORY. 

1.  Tiif;  liidinn  Torritury  in  tlio  region  nssiirncd  by  Con 
({i^'ss  (ill-  iIh'  rcjiidftico  of  thosi-  linliaii  Irilxs  wlio  luivc  from 
Umc  to  timi!  niiit,'rati  (1  Irom  tlm  I'listcni  parlK  of  tlio  Union. 

2,  lIcnMlio  ludinns  unt  to  Ix^  scniiTd  in  novorntrcnts  of 
Ihoir  own  choice,  subjwt  only  to  kiicIi  •control  of  tho  United 
StatcH  118  niny  Ix;  nt3cessnry  to  prewrvc  ikiko  between  the 

the  nioux,  (pronounced  Roo.)    Wlml  it  conniikrcd  hy  them  •  prlmt 
delicacy  ' 
ludian  Tnntory.  Q.—l.  What  la  Uio  Indian  Ttrritory  7    8.  VVhH 


PHV. 

M«  lh«  maM  nniMrmi* 

I  laxlgv*  uf  buldtl'l  •KillK, 

tfi'  iiwat  !■  till.  |r«fttml 


iin  lii«  north  f  In.  'ler. 
I,  Ty  .  I.Ty  .  1(1. 1'x  - 

Mi.  —  VVIiul  ri*tr»  Ho* 
,— Into  till)  Mi"i<l»l|i(<i ' 
rl,  ,Vli>al»«iii|>i,  HimI,  8t, 
wliiit  'nko  tJocii  Ihu  Mt«- 
H'*  In  luwa  >    Ai.,  Kji., 

molluTchlrftowniT  To 
111  thu  Ui'i  MulncN  rivnr  7 


I  Oibutn. 

Y. 

ion  nssijrncd  by  Con 
trilx^H  wlio  hiivo  from 
[KiriK  of  tlio  Union. 
J  in  novorntrcnts  of 
•control  of  tho  United 
■c  jKiico  bolwecn  the 

iilercd  hy  tlicm  •  prlmt 
an  Territory  7    «.  WhM 


Mluoim   TMRRITnRY.  IT§ 

•rvoml  lrH»«.  'I  (mi  |Mi|uiliitiitn  niiriil»r<  ti</ir  "lO.nOCJ,  of 
whom  two<iliirila  nrti  iiiiijjrunlvi  tira  rvuuiuiJur  bi  long  to 
tribe*  loiiK  noiidiMit  luro. 

M.  Th«  {'h<K'tiiw»,  Cntiku,  rh«'iok»v<«,  and  Shiiwn'Wi,  iir« 
lh«!  rTwwt  improvjsl  oi'  tlni  irniyrant  IriU ».  'I'ti^y  have  giuh 
irtilly  kimhI  houmfi,  w<  lUtilli d  ficldi,  nrid  own  ImrMW  and 
cattio  to  wtmi' o<tiiii,  'I'lu-y  liiivn  ulsto  nativu  mt'chanii't  nnd 
tin^rrhant*  ninon)^  th<m, 

4.  Th«  AlHiriKiiiitl  Imliunii  rmmiat,  for  Iha  m>wt  part,  of  P«wni'(ii>, 
()«n[(r«,  KniUita,  Oiiiiilii«,  iVr.  Tin  y  ulill  r<<titln  llteir  utiKliiiil  ■«¥«!(() 
liKl>iti  uncliiui|{ctl,  nnil  livit  iiimtly  by  luitilms. 

a.  Thn  FtnlKrnnt  trDu'*  iirn  iiroKriiiiainiif  in  <'iv|li>alioli,itni|  tlinrniojr 
ment  oCiIik  roiiiDir'i  i>rn<tlli'i|  jiiti.     Thrlr  conilillon 


Ion, and  tlinrnloT' 
)  Ilia  lifn  Krually 
i|Kli  tliitt  tiny  will 


improveil  hy  ihint  rrnuivnl  liillur;  and  it  la  to  Ui  li<i|i 
ticvcr  Imi  <li>lnrlM'il  in  tliiir  (irracnl  |ui«at*Hatona,     Tlicy  rii  lur  nnniii- 
iIm  iVotn  lliii  Ctiili'il  Si'itiM  llir  Ihu  cuuiitry  wlilch  llivy  Id),  uml  which 
tlioy  cv4u<l  lu  lliu  govvrnnivnt. 


Map  Nil.  i,  —  flow  la  Iho  Indian  Territory  houndud  nn  Iho  north  1 
M..Ty.— StoulhT  T«.,  N..Mo.— Kii.if  I..Ty..  Mi.,  Aa,— Wtal  7  Mo.— 
What  nr«  thti  |)rinci|Ktl  rivi<ri  that  llow  thruuj;h  It  7  IV.,  Ki.,  A«.,  Cn,, 
lid.— How  lonf  ara  Ihcao  rivnra  7  What  United  Mtatea'  foiu  »r«  in  thii 
rirrltory  7  I.h.,(in.,Tn.~()n  what  river  i»  theCNmnvil  llliill*  7  Mi.— 
What  dtiaiTt  in  the  winiirn  part  of  the  territory  7  (J, .An.  —  What 
iiiimntaini  form  pnrt  of  ita  wvatcrn  boundary  7  Hy,  —  Whrro  la  Long'* 
i'vnk  7  I'Iku'a  IViik  7  Ifow  higli  are  Ihuy  7  Name  thn  Indcin  trila-a 
wholly  reiidcnt  in  tho  Indian  Turritory.    Oa.,  Ot.,  K».,  Da,  H«.,  K*„ 


I  >:,  Ci.,  C».,  I'a. 
arc  three  tribca. 


—  Nanii  tlitM«  that  arv  partly  «o. 
IV,  Ka.,  V..V». 


Uf  tholuivrthure 


127  • 


MISSOURI  TKURITORY. 

I.  Mi«iiouRi  Tkkhitory  i.s  a  vost  wildcrnrss,  thinly  in 
fuibited  only  by  dilliirnnt  trib<:!i  of  Indians.  It  com^i.stii  of 
cxtonaivo  pruiriiis,  ovor  whicli  romn  countlosa  droveti  of  buf- 
falo, t'lk,  dcor,  nnd  wild  liorscs. 


i*  aaid  of  the  Indiana  7  Tho  nurnbor  of  tho  p»>pulatlon,  ite.  7  .1.  Name 
(he  tribe*  moat  ndvanivd  tnwnrda  civilir.iition.  Dvacrilio  their  cun 
dition.  4.  What  do  thn  Aliorij^inal  Indiana  nmHiNt  of7  What  do 
they  atill  retain?  R.  Whnt  ia  aaid  of  the  oiniifrant  tribei?  Their 
condition,  dec.  7    What  do  thoy  rt-ciuvo  7 

Mitiuuri  TVrritory.  Q.  —  I.  What  it  Miaaouri  TerriU)ry  t  Of  what 


I 


vt 


176 


DESCRIPTIVE  OKOnRAnrr. 


f  '■' 


'Ml 


w 


t  t 


White  trader!  bartering  witli  thu  Indians. 

2.  On  tho  western  frontier  the  Rocky  Mountains  rise  up  to 
a  greet  height,  and  have  their  tops  covered  with  perpetual 

snow.  Ainong  these 
the  j;nz/ly  bear  is 
found :  he  is  the 
largest  and  fiercest 
uiiitnui  of  his  kind, 
and  is  peculiar  to 
North  America. 

3.  This  region  is 
visited  by  the  white 
tradei-s,  who   barter 
with  tho  IndiniiS  for 
•'""'^"»'"'  the  skins  of  bulfaloos 

bears,  beavers,  &c.,  taken  by  them  in  hunting.  There  aru 
aUo  many  white  trappers  and  hunters,  who  live  like  the  In- 
dinns,  and  are  absent  from  the  settlements  frequently  for 
years  at  a  time. 

4.  Tho  principal  native  tribes  arc  the  Pawnees,  Sioiix,  Riccarces, 


does  it  constat  7  2.  What  is  said  i.f  tlie  Rocky  Mountains  ?  Grizzly 
bear?  3.  Of  the  white  traders?  White  troppcra  and  hiuiten ' 
4.  Native  Uibca  7    What  of  the  ,r  liabite,  dec  7 


-<*imt>.i.»*tm>'mnmi 


H|*aH 


1 


PIIY. 


Indians. 

Mountains  rise  up  to 
)vcre(l  with  perpetual 
snow.  Ainong  those 
the  j;nz/ly  Lear  is 
found :  lie  is  the 
largest  and  fiercest 
unimui  of  his  kind, 
and  is  pcculiiir  to 
North  America. 

3.  This  region  is 
visited  by  the  white 
traders,  who  barter 
with  the  Indians  for 
theslvinsof  hu'ruloes 
hunting.  There  nra 
who  live  like  the  In- 
naents  frequently  for 

vnces,  Sioux,  Riccarccs, 

y  Mountains  7    Grizzly 
troppcrs  and   huntero ' 


OREOON   TERRITORY.  177 

Crow,  and  Diuck  Feet  IiKliiinR.  IyiohI  of  them  arc  rovinjf  m  their 
habits,  and  beiiiff  in  poHHCHsloii  of  an  ample  Ntoru  of  liurtcH,  roam  from 
place  to  place,  in  quest  of  hiiiriilo  and  oilier  game. 

Map  No.  .'■>.— What  Iwiimdn  this  territory  on  the  north  7  H.-Aa.- 
Soiith?  i.-Ty.  — EaHt?  I.-Ty.— West?  O.-Ty.— \Vli;it  Mts.  nepii. 
nite  It  from  Oregon  ?  Ry.  —What  river  from  lowit !  All.  _  From 
(h(!  Indian  territory?  Pc.  — IFnw  long  is  the  MlH.oiiri?  Platte? 
Yellow  Stone?  Big  Horn?  Tongue?  nnd  Kimning-Watcr  rivers? 
What  hills  west  of  the  Missouri  ?  Hk. —Where  is  Frnnont's  Peak? 
lis  licight?  .What  tribes  inhabit  this  territory?  B.-Ft.,  Cw..  M«- 
Kh.,  Ss.,  Ss.,  Ph.,  As,,  P».  "  '        '      ^ 

128 


Missionary  proaching  to  flie  Indiana, 

OREGON  TERRITORY. 

1.  Oregon  Tehritohy  is  the  most  western  part  or*  ttie 
United  States ;  it  extends  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  tlie 
Pacific  Ocean,  and  northward  from  latitude  42°  to  49°  N. 

2.  The  Columbia  is  the  chief  river  of  this  region.  The 
Rocky  Mountains  form  the  eastern  boundary.  Farther  west 
are  the  Blue  Mountains.  Nearer  to,,  and  almost  parallel  to 
the  coast  is  the  Cascade  Range;  it  equals  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains  in  elevation,  and  two  of  its  summits  are  volcanoes. 


Oregoti  Territory,  Q.  —  \.  What  is  said  of  Oregon?      I 
Vrea?     9.  The  Columbia  river?     Fraaer's?     Rockv   iMts.? 
X 


Extent ' 
Blue 


m.  wmitixmfttitttttttltllMl^i' 


ff,    I     All        I        ,„  ^j,5^...ij.^^.. 


'm>...^.. 


178 


DESCRIPTIVE  GEOORAniY. 


•ft 


3.  Tho  country  lying  westward  of  the  Cancado  Range  is  the  fincrt 
part  of  Oregon ;  iti  wheat  and  otlicr  production*  arc  very  superior. 
Tlio  pasturage  is  excellent ;  and  cattle  are  raised  with  little  trouble. 
Pino-treos  of  great  sizn  grow  on  llio  banks  of  tho  Columbia  river; 
Home  have  been  Been  250  feet  high.  Tlio  climate  is  milder  than  iri 
tho  same  latitudes  on  tho  eastern  side  of  tho  continent, 

4.  For  many  years,  Oregon  was  claimed  both  by  tho  United  States 
and  Great  Britain.  Tho  American  claim  extended  to  latitude  54^  40'  N. ; 
but  in  a  treaty  concluded  July  17th,  1846,  tho  parallel  of  V.P  wan 
adopted  as  tho  northern  boundary.  The  navigation  of  the  Columbia 
was  at  the  same  time  declared  free  to  citiicns  of  tho  United  States,  to 
tho  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  to  all  British  subjects  trading  with 

tho  same.  , ,.  ,    ,       ,. 

5.  Tho  Hudson's  Bay  Company  have  long  smcc  established  trndmg 
forts  or  houses  in  various  parts  of  tlio  territory.  Of  these,  Forts  Van- 
couver, Wallawalla,  and  Colville,  are  the  chief.  At  Fort  Vancouver  there 
is  "i  considerable  village,  from  which  a  direct  trade  is  carried  on  both 
with  Great  Britain  and  the  Sandwich  Islands.  To  the  fori.-er  furs 
lire  exported,  and  to  tho  latter  wheat,  lumber,  fish,  &c. 

6.  The  inhabitants  comprise  about  20,000  Indians,  6000  Americans, 
and  tho  traders,  &c.  attached  to  tho  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  Forts. 
Totol  about  28,000.  There  are  also  several  American  missionaries 
employed  in  converting  the  Indians.  Tho  principal  tribes  are  the 
Flatlieads,  Nezpcrcos,  Wallawallas,  and  Shoshoncs. 

7.  Tho  American  settlors,  until  Congress  extend  its  authority  oyer 
the  Territory,  have  organized  a  government  of  their  own.  The  capital 
of  the  new  Bcttlement  is  Oregon  city  ;  it  stands  in  a  fine  fertile  valley 
utthc  fulls  of  Willamette  river,  and  contains  500  inhabitants.  Astoria, 
near  tho  mouth  of  the  Columbia  rivei,  was  at  first  an  American  trading 
post,  but  it  is  no  longer  used  for  that  purpose. 

Map  No.  15.— What  bounds  Oregon  on  the  north  ?  B.-Aa.— South  r 
lT..Cu.  — East?  B..A.,  M..Ty.  — West?  P.-On.  — What  forms  the 
eastern  boundary  1  R.-Ms.  —  Its  highest  summits  ?  Bn.,  Hr.,  Fs.  — 
Heights?  What  Mts.  west  of  Lewis  river?  Bo.  —  Near  the  cosist  ? 
CRe.  — Its  chief  summits?  Volcanoes?  Rs.,  8..Hs.  — Point  out 
tho  South  Pass.  This  is  a  gap  in  tlio  Rocky  Mts.,  15  or  20  miles  wide, 
through  which  emigrants  travel  to  Oregon.  The  chief  rivers  ?  Co., 
Fs.  — Chief  branches  of  tho  Columbia?  Ls.,  Cs.  — Lengths  of  tha 
rivers'  Principal  forts?  Vr.,  W.-Wli.,  Co.— Capes?  Bays,  Gulls, 
&,c.  7    Lakes  ?    Indian  tribes  7 

Mts.?  Cascade  range?  Islands?  3.  What  is  said  of  the  country  ' 
Products?  Pasturage,  &c.?  Pine-trees?  Climate?  4.  What  is  sait 
of  Oregon  ?  Of  tho  American  claim  7  Treaty  of  1846  ?  Navigatioa 
of  the  Columbia?  5.  Of  tho  Hudson's  Bay  Company?'  Principa 
forts?  Fort  Vancouver 7  Trade?  What  is  exported?  6.  What  df 
the  inhabitants  comprise  7  Total  amount  7  What  is  said  of  mission 
aries  7  Name  the  chief  Indian  tribes.  7.  What  have  the  American 
settlers  doDo  7    What  is  said  of  Oregon  city  ?    Astoria  7 


.  mamm^ 


~  Mhl 


HY. 

ido  Range  is  the  fincrt 
ioni  are  very  superior. 
iscd  with  little  truilble. 
if  tho  Columbia  river; 
mate  is  milder  tliun  in 
intincnt. 

th  by  tho  United  States 
ed  to  latitude  543  40' N.; 
ho  parallel  of  4!)^  wu» 
ration  of  the  Columbia 
of  tho  United  States,  to 
li  BubJRcts  trading  with 

incc  established  trnding 
.  Of  these,  Forts  Van- 
At  Fort  Vancouver  there 
trade  is  carried  on  both 
Is.  To  the  foru-er  furs 
ihIi,  &c. 

jdians,  6000  Americana, 
Bay  Conipariy's  Forts. 
American  missionaries 
principal  tribes  are  the 
ones. 

ictcnd  its  authority  over 
their  own.  The  capital 
Is  in  a  fine  fertile  valley 
)0  inhabitants.  Astoria, 
ret  an  American  trading 


north?  B..Aa.— South r 
■On.  —  What  forms  the 
imits  ?  Bn.,  Hr.,  Fs.  — 
Be.  —  Near  tho  eoiist  ? 
Rs.,  8..Hs.  — Point  out 
[ts.,  15  or  iiO  miles  wide, 
The  chief  rivers  7  Co., 
,j  Cs.  —  Lengths  of  tha 
—Capes?    Bays,  Gulii), 

is  said  of  tho  country ' 
imate  ?  4.  What  is  sail 
ty  of  1846?  NavigalioB 
f  Company?'  Prineipa 
exported?  6.  What  df 
What  is  said  of  missiow 
^hat  have  the  American 
Astoria  ? 


**««f*«te,«HiWW«Sr- 


VrjfBB.   OR   N£W   CALIFORNIA. 


in 


Map  No.  IG.  — Wlioro  is  Oregon  city?  On  what  river?  We. — 
Into  what  stream  docs  the  latter  How?  Where  is  Astoria?  F.  rl 
Vancouver  ?  Cascades  ?  The  <;olumbia  river  is  navigable  to  this  plat  1, 
130  miles.    Which  is  tho  northern  capo  of  Columbia  R.  ?    SoutJiern  I 


120 


UPPER  OR  NEW  CALIFORNIA. 

1.  [Jpi'KR  Califohnia  is  sitimtcd  between  the  Pacific  Ocoan 
luid.  tlie  Uocky  and  Aniihuac  Mountains,  and  soutliward  of 
(IreL'on.  It  formed  tin-  novthwcstenimost  distriet  of  Me.\ico 
but  was  taken  possession  ol'liy  tlu;  United  States'  naval  force? 
ai  the  Pacific  Ocean,  .iuly  7th,  1846, 

2.  Two  ridges  of  mjuntains,  tlio  Const  Range  and  tlic 
Sierra  Nevada,  or  Snowy  Range,  extend  in  a  direction  almost 
noitli  and  south,  and  parallel  nearly  to  the  coast ;  the  Sierra 
Nevada  is  the  most  distant  from  the  sea,  and  is  said  to  bo 
'JOOO  feet  higher  than  t!io  Uocky  Mountains.  Fnrlhor  in  tiro 
interior  are  tho  Bear  river,  and  Wahsatch ;  and  still  farther 
eastward  are  tho  Rocky  and  Anahunc  Mountains, 

3.  Tho  central  part  of  this  region  is  called  the  "Gro.it  Inferior 
BaKin  of  California :"  it  is  'jut  little  known ;  a  portion  of  it  in  a,  sandy 
desert  dcHtitute  of  water,  other  parts  are  said  to  abound  in  rivers  and 
lakes,  none  of  which,  however,  have  any  connection  with  tho  sea. 

4.  Tho  Great  Salt  lake,  situated  near  the  northern  boundary,  is 
Baiter  than  tho  Ocean,  while  Utah  lake  which  flows  into  it  is  fresh. 
The  Tule,  Mountain,  and  Pyramid,  are  tho  other  chief  lakes.  Tho 
principal  rivers  are  the  Colorado,  Sacramento,  and  San  Joaquin, 

5.  San  Francisco  bay  is  tho  chief  port  of  California,  and  is  suf. 
ffcicntly  spacious  to  contain  all  the  navies  in  the  world.  The  country 
in  its  vicinity,  as  well  as  the  region  lying  between  the  Sierra  Nevada 
and  the  sea,  is  one  of  the  finest  wheat  districts  in  America. 

6.  The  inhabitants  of  tho  settled  parts  of  tho  country  compriso 
about  15,000  Indians,  and  5000  whites  ;  many  of  the  latter  are  from 
tiie  United  States ;  abiaut  one-half  of  tho  Indians  were  formerly  in  the 
employ  of  tho  Missions,  which  aro  now  abolished,  The  Utah,  Pals. 
Utah,  and  other  Indians  in  tho  interior,  live  chiefly  by  plunder.    Tlie 

Upper  California.  Q.— 1,  What  is  said  of  Upper  California?  What 
did  it  form  ?  What  occurred  in  1846  ?  2.  Mountains  ?  3.  What  is  the 
central  part  of  this  region  called  ?  Describe  it.  4.  What  is  said  of 
the  Great  Salt  lake,  &c.  ?  The  other  lakes  ?  Principal  rivers  7  5.  San 
Francisco  bay  ?  The  country  in  its  vicinity  ?  6.  What  do  the  in- 
habitants  comprise,  &c.  ?    What  is  said  of  tho  Indians  ?    Tho  Utah, 


■'««»«S^„ 


I 


180 


DE8CRIPTIVB   OBOOBAPIIY. 


wealth  ef  California  comWU  of  itM  cnlllu,  horioi,  whoiit,  dec.    Hidei, 
tiornH,  and  Isllow,  arc  llio  cliief  cx|>ortii. 

7.  Montort y,  tlu;  capilul,  San  Friincisco,  Siin  DicRo,  nnd  PuoWo  da 
Ini  Anir«loH,  iiru  tliu  .liu'f  Iovviih;  tlifv  arc  yet  of  Hrnall  h.zp,  nnil  t  icir 
uopulalioii  in  unlmown.  Nmnu  Helvetia  io  a  now  Aniorican  Hcttlo. 
niunl,  cBluUif  hfcd  on  one  ot  tlic  branclica  of  llio  Uio  Sarranicnto. 


Man  No.  l.V  —What  ImundH  L'ppor  California  on  tlio  north?  On.— 
South'  0..i;a.,  Sa.  -  Eant  ?  U..Sh.  -  West  ?  l>..On.  -  What  Mu 
near  the  coast  7  t'..Ue.  -  East  of  I  ho  Saorumento  river  f  ,^;-'^!l-"; 
East  of  the  (Jr.at  Salt  lake  ?  U.-Rr.  -  South  ?  W!i.  -  VVliut  MIh.  lorm 
the  caBtorn  hoiindary  7  Hy.,  Ac.— What  ishuids  on  tho  ooasl  !  b.-Ua.— 
What  bays?  S..Fo,  My.,  Td.~Wh,eh  Ih  the  WMtcrnn.oKt  capo? 
Mo.  —  Tho  larRCBt  river  I  Co.  —  Ita  chief  branches  ?  ^a.,  On.,  ua., 
Sr.  — What  rivern  join  near  to  San  FraneiBCo  bay?  So.,  °-in-— ' 
Which  flows  north?  S...In.-South ?  So.  -  What  lakes  west  ot  the 
Sierra  Neva.la  ?  To..  Mn.  -  EaBt  ?  Pd.,  Md.  -  Which  m  the  large.t 
lake  ?  G..S..Ii.  —  What  river  flows  into  it  ?  Br.  —  What  lake  7  Uh.— 
Which  arc  tho  chief  Indian  Tribes  7 


130. 


MEXICO. 

1.  Mexico  comprises  a  number  of  divisions  called  states  or 
departments.  For  some  years  previous  to  1835,  it  was  it 
Federal  government,  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  the  United 
States ;  but  it  is  now  a  central  or  consolidated  republic. 

2  In  the  interior  the  surface  of  tho  country  is  mostly  ele- 
vated, forming  a  table-land  of  from  6000  to  8000  feet  high. 
From  this  lolly  plain  a  few  volcanic  peaks  shoot  up  to  a  still 
greater  height.  Of  these  tho  chief  ore  Popocatapetl  and 
Orizava. 

3.  Mexico  is  famous  for  the  variety  of  its  vegetable  pro- 
ducts ;  comprising,  according  to  the  elevation  at  which  they 
are  planted,  the  principal  grains  and  fruits  ol  torrid  and  tern 
pcrate  climates, 

4,0.,  Indiana?    Wealth  of  California  7    7.  Of  Monterey  ?    San  Fran- 
Cisco,  &c.  ?    Nueva  Helvetia  ? 

Afexteo.  Q.  — l.What  is  Mexico?  What  of  its  government?  8 
What  is  said  of  tho  surface  ?    Of  Uie  volcanic  peaks  ?    3.  For  what  u 


'^■>rifm*'ii*<im  <<^iis»^«%:^»4#««a)ifiHiiiiiBn^^ 


I 


lY. 

I,  wheat,  &.C.    Hides, 

Dioijo,  nnd  Puoblo  da 
1"  Hiiiall  hIxp,  anil  tlicir 
iii'.w  Aiiu^riciin  uutUe- 
Uio  Sucruiiiciito. 


I  on  llio  nortli?  On. — 
l'..On.  —  Wliiit  Mln 
2nto  rivft  I  H,-Nii.  -- 
V!i.  —  VVIiut  Mis.  iMrm 
jn  tlio  (Mm8l  !  S.-Bu.— 
10  wcBtcrnniosl  capo  7 
iichcg  ?  iia.,  On.,  Gd., 
)  buy?  So.,  S.-In.— 
Vliiit  lakes  wc»l  of  the 
-Wliicli  iH  the  largerjl 
—  What  lake?  Uh.— 


sions  called  states  or 
to  1835,  it  WU3  a 
0  that  of  the  United 
Jatcd  republic, 
untry  is  mostly  ele- 
)0  to  8000  feet  high. 
ks  shoot  up  to  a  still 
re  Popocatapetl  and 

of  its  vegetable  pro- 
ation  at  which  they 
ts  ol  torrid  and  tern 


Monterey  7    San  Fran- 

of  its  government?    8 
peaki  7    3.  For  what  ia 


^^liiiiiiiwlMTa^sgg'''^' 


1 


HEXICO. 


181 


rTnmiil  of  Cbolula.     lndiuM, 


Ma|tii7  1*12111. 


4.  Indian  corn  is  the  staple  product ;  of  which,  two  and 
sometimes  threo  crops  are  gathered  annually.  Wheat,  rice, 
and  barley,  are  also  cultivated;  and  sugar,  coffee,,  vanilla, 
cochineal,  &i;.,  are  raised  chiefly  for  internal  consumption. 

5.  The  American  Aloe,  or  Maguey  plant,  ia  extensively  cultivated 
for  tlie  sake  of  its  juice,  of  which  the  liquor  called  pulque,  the  favourite 
drink  of  iho  lower  order  of  Mexicans,  is  made, 

6.  The  manufactures  are  in  a  rude  state,  and  arc  gradually 
declining  in  amount ;   they  arc  confined   chiefly  to  coarsB 
pottery,  with  glass-ware,  and  cotton  and  woollen  g(X)ds.     Sil 
ver  plate  and  jewellery  are,  however,  ski'fuUy  made. 

7.  The  commerce  of  Mexico  has  never  corresponded  with 
the  extent  and  resources  of  the  country.  The  mines  of  gold 
,nnd  silver  have  always  been  the  chief  object  of  attention. 

8.  Many  are  in  a  ruinous  state,  and  those  that  are  worked  do  no! 
yield  ne.ir  their  former  amount.  From  20  to  25  million  dollars  were 
onto  obtained  from  the  mines  of  Mexico  annually,  l)ut  the  quan. 
lity  is  now  reduced  in  value  to  10  or  12  millions. 

9.  There  are  three  classes  of  inhabitants  in  Mexico:  the  Whitm 
or  CrtoUt,  tlie  Indians,  and  tlie  mixed  races.    The  latter  comprisB 


Mexico  famous  7  4,  What  is  said  of  Indian  com  7  Wheat,  Ac.  7  5. 
The  American  aloe  7  6.  The  manufactures  7  7.  Commerce  7  Mines  7 
8.  In  what  sUte  are  they  7    9.  Of  the  inhabitants  7    What  is  said 


''*««*8B'i'^ 


w 


182 


DEBCRIPTIVa   ObOORAPllY. 


Mcttixoei,  or  tho  iloiiconilantii  of  white*  and  Indium ;  Mulatltii,  of 
whiten  and  iicKrncn ;  and  Xamhom,  nt'  Indtanii  and  niij^rocn.  Theso 
raci'H  were  onco  diittincl  I'min  oai'hut.'ier — hut  thi)  Kivohition  hiu  laiidti 
til  claiioii  equal,  and  men  of  uil  L'oiii|ilexii>nii  uru  alike  ll-ue. 

10.  The  Catholic  rclin^ion  i*  cHtiihlixhrd  hy  law,  and  i«  (ho  only  ly*. 
torn  tolen  tod.  The  cierjfy,  incliidini;  all  helun^jing  to  tlio  eliiin-li, 
iimou:it  tf)  about  14,000  perionn.  'I'lio  aniutuinent*  of  tho  |)ouplo  ur« 
ctucfly  t?iv*o  of  Old  Spain ;  buli-fightii,  and  rciigiouii  proceaviuns. 

11.  At  tjio  time  of  the  discovtry  of  Anirrica,  Mexico  formed  the 
moit  powerful  of  the  nutivo  oitipireH.  lieini^  conquered  hy  Hpii'n,  it 
remained  for  300  yoorH  her  nioHi  iinportiint  colony,  In  tho  year  ISJI, 
the  Mexicanx  AboliHhed  tho  outiiorily  of  .Spain,  and  CHtahliahed  a  rcpuh. 
lican  fiirni  of  government.  In  1841,  Yucatan  wa»  declared  ind(  pcnd 
e»t,  but  '  uB  flflcrwards  reconciled  to  tho  Mexican  (fovcrnnicnt  In 
1H43,  indi  xi.idenco  was  again  declared;  and  in  tho  ganio  year  Upp«r 
California  ,.'  <i)  acceded  (Vom  Mexico. 


>!» 


Cit7  of  Mexico. 

12.  Tho  city  of  Mexico  is  situated  in  a  delightful  valley,  which  it 
elevated  7000  feet  above  Wic  bco,  about  half  way  between  the  Pacific 
Occon  ond  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  distinguished  for  tlie  lieauty  of 
it*  arcl'..  lecture,  tho  regularity  of  its  streets,  and  the  extent  of  tho 
squticB  and  public  1)Iuccb.  The  market  is  well  supplied  with  all 
tlie  pnimal  and  vegetable  productions  of  tlie  country;  many  of  tito 
latter  iiro  raised  on  floating'  gardens  in  the  neighbouring  lakes. 

13.  Guadalaxara  is  next  to  Mexico  in  population ;  tho  inhabitants 
are  remnrkable  for  their  republican  spirit.  La  Puebia  is  noted  for  its 
manufactures  of  glass  and  earthen-ware.  Guanaxuato,  Zacatccas,  and 
Kan  Luis  Potosi,  are  all  connected  with  rich  silver  mines.  Near  the 
first  are  the  great  mines  of  Valonciana,  which  in  37  yo»rs  yielded  1()5 
millions  .if  dollars.  Oaxaca,  Durango,  and  Chihuahua,  are  all  conside- 
rable  towne. 


rfthe  mixed  lacesT  10.  What  is  snid  of  religion?  11.  What  did 
Mexico  form  7  Hovir  long  did  it  remain  a  colony  7  What  took  ploco  in 
1^17  In  1841  7.  In  1845  7  12.  Describe  Mexico.  How  is  it  distin. 
guishcd  ?    What  of  the  market*  7   13.  Guadalaxara,  and  otlicr  towns  7 


»ar 


IIV. 

Indium ;  Mulattoti,  nf 

H  mid  niij^roc'ii.  'These 
ho  Ki'vohitioii  liiu  iiiddti 
to  uliku  ll-uu. 

iw,  anil  is  Iho  only  lyi. 
[unging  to  tlio  Rliiirrh, 
iit'nt*  uf  tlio  |iouplu  or« 
gioiiH  procuaviuni. 

Ml,  Mexico  furmcd  Iho 
L'onf|ueri'd  hy  S|iii'n,  it 
my.  In  tlio  year  ISJI, 
ind  CHtalilinlu'd  a  rc|nih. 
was  duclartui  indrpcnd 
(icon  ifuvcrnnicnt.  In 
n  the  saniu  year  Upper 


^htPul  valley,  which  is 
y  bctwton  the  Pacific 
jjicd  for  the  Iteauty  of 
and  the  extent  of  the 
well  supplied  with  all 
country ;  many  of  tito 
hbouring  lakes, 
lation ;  the  inhabitants 
Puebla  is  noted  for  its 
axuuto,  Zacatccas,  and 
Iver  mines.  Near  the 
n  37  years  yielded  1C5 
luahua,  are  all  conside- 


igion?  11.  What  did 
'  ?  What  took  ploco  in 
cico.  How  is  it  distin. 
[sra,  and  otiinr  towns  7 


"mmmm 


mxUZB   •BTTLRMEWT. 


133 


131 


14.  Tlio  pyramid  of  Cliolula  is  a  work  which  ofiproachcs  in  magtu- 
tiido  to  tlio  |iyramid»<)('E|fypt.  It  i»  of  brick,  olHmtone.tliird  as  high 
an  the  Urcut  Pyramid,  hut  in  nearly  double  the  length.  The  ruins  of 
iliv  unciunt  tily  orCallm.icaii,  near  Pakmiue,  attest  th«  civili/nticm  of 
itH  fiirmir  iiilmbitantH,  They  liavu  of  late  excited  much  attentioiu  and 
Imve  been  freiiuently  visited. 

15.  The  chief  Hea-|K>rt»  of  Mexico  are,  Matamoras,  on  the  Rio  (irando 
dl  Norte;  V«ra  (>i«  and  Tainpico,  on  the  (iiilf  of  Mexico,  Aeapiileo 
iiid  Sun-UliiH.on  the  west  coast ;  Guaymas  and  Muxallaii.nn  the  Gulf 
ui'  Cuiilbrniii.    Cami»celie  and  Sinul  are  the  chief  ports  of  Yucatan. 

10.  TiiK  IUmzk,  OH  niirrisn  IIoNorHAs.  —  On  tlio  tiast 
side  of  tho  IVuinsula  of  Yuciaan  is  tlio  Uulizo  SottUintsnt,  or 
Hritish  Hondurns :  it  Ibrniorly  Ixjlonged  to  Spain,  but  Ims  bocn 
in  tl\c  posacssion  of  Great  Britain  since  the  year  1070. 

17.  It  extends  along  the  Day  of  Honduras  oboiit  150  miles;  and  i* 
valuable  for  its  lugwood  and  mahogany,  tvliich  Ibrm  the  chief  products, 
i'ho  inhabitants  aro  moHtly  Indiins  and  Negroes,  with  a  few  whites. 
Tho  town  of  Balizc,  tho  capital,  is  situated  on  the  river  of  the  sanro 
name.  It  contains  about  5u0  houHCM.  In  the  year  1830,  there  was 
exported  from  tJiis  place  near  lU  million  foot  of  mahogany,  besides 
logwood,  cedar,  &c. 

Map  No.  4.  —What  bounds  Mexico  on  the  north  7  U.-Ca.— 8.  and 
W.7  P..On.— What  Republic  on  the  oast  7  U.-S.  —  Sea  and  gulf  on 
tho  cast  7  Cn,,  Mo,  —  Peninsula  7  Yn.  —  Gulf  on  the  west  7  Ua.  — 
Peninsulo?    Ca,  —  Bay  west  of  Yucatan  7    Co.  —  East?    Hs. 

Map  No.  G.  —  What  rivers  ilow  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  7  R,-G,.No., 
Ta.  — The  Gulf  of  California?  Co,,  Yi,  — Tlio  Pacific  ocean?  Go.— 
What  lakes  are  in  Mexico  ?  Cn,,  Ca.  —  What  mountains  7  M..Cs.  — 
What  statc^i  border  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  7    Ts.,  V,.Cz.,  To.,  Yn.  — 


can  7    ( ).-Ca.,  Jo.,  Mn.,  Mo.,  La.,  Oa.  —  How  many 
miles  from  Colifornia  to  Birmah  7     Mexico  to  tho  Sandwich  Islands  7 


On  tho  Pacific  ocean? 


I'o  Cochin  China?  What  is  tho  population  of  the  city  of  Mexico? 
What  cities  have  a  population  of  30,000  and  upwards  7  ''l».,  Sc-L-Pi., 
Qo.,  Go.,  Ga,,  La,,  Oa.  —  What  between  12,000  and  30,000  7  C^>.,  ^Ty., 
Do.,  Vd.,  „  I. 

What  bay  bounds  tho  Balizo  settlement  on  tho  east  7    Hs.  —  V/hiil 
state  on  tho  west  7    Yn.  —  What  is  tho  population  of  tho  settlwncnt  7 

14.  What  is  said  of  Cliolula,  and  its  pyramid  7    Ruins  of  Calhua^ 
can  7     15.  Chief  soo-ports  7 

Bali*e,  Q.—  16.  To  what  power  does  the  Balizo  settlement  belong 
17.  What  is  its  extent  7  Chief  products  7  Inhabitants  7  What  to«ft 
is  the  capitU  7     What  does  it  contain  7    What  was  exported,  &c  7 


ri;T 


184 


DESCRIPTIVB   OlioaRAPIlV. 


l.'U 


UUATIMAI.A,  OR  CKNTIIAL  AMKIUCA. 

1.  GvATiMArA  «)cciii)ir.i  tlio  narrow  tract  Utwrt'ii  thf 
north'-'rn  uiiil  soiillnirn  ilivi.siuiw  of  the  Wt-.tdrii  (.'omiiicnt ; 
and  has,  in  consctiminci'  of  itx  position,  assumed  thu  litJu  ol 
Ihfj  United  Stati'M  of  I'cMtral  AiiH-rica. 

2.  It  iRJcaino  indr|H'ndt  iit  in  IH'ii,  and  adopted  a  form  of 
govt>rnnient  modelled  alter  that  of  tlie  United  Sialen;  jut 
n)Mtoad  ol"  ac<juiring  the  order  and  pro.s|K'rity  of  that  repub- 
lic, it  is  tiic  seat  of  anarchy  and  civil  wur. 

3.  Tlip  country  is  travvrNcil  on  tlio  wrHtcrn  c;ouiit  hy  lofty  ranvci  of 
mountuiiii',  which  contain  niuny  voluuniH'H,  onn  of  uliii  li,  tlio  Water 
Volcano,  JM  notiMl  fur  tlirowiii);  out  vuHt  i)iiuiitllicN  of  wiitcr  j  while 
tho  t'rii|<ti(>nN  of  nnolhcr,  CoHijfiiina,  were,  hi  IK;II,  heard  1000  niil'jH 
diHtttnl,  und  tho  aHliei  tlirown  l>y  it  wero  carried  to  Janiaiia,  HOG  milo*. 
Tho  lurRCMt  lake  in  tliat  of  Nicaiaguii,  fVom  which  a  ithi|)  canal  to  'iw 
Pacific  Ocean  haa  long  ticcii  projected. 

4.  Tho  soil  iH  fVuitfiil,  and  )  ieldc,  in  perfection,  all  tho  nioit  TaUablo 
tropical  pro'iuct*.  Tho  iiidi^o  and  cacao  aro  of  nuiierior  qiiahty. 
Mines  of  nilvcr  arc  numerous,  but  lew  of  llieni  aro  now  productive. 

6,  One-half  tlic  population  consisite  of  Indians,  one-fifth 
whites,  and  the  remainder  of  tho  mixed  races.  'J'hi)  Catholic 
is  the  established  religion,  but  all  otiicrs  are  tolerated. 

6.  Part  of  the  cast  coast  of  this  republic  is  called  tlie  Mosquit*  shore. 
It  is  covered  with  vast  forests,  and  ||K;opled  by  independinl  Indians;  of 
whom,  soirio  of  the  tribes  liavo  long  been  in  alliance  witli  the  Enghsli. 

7.  San  Salvador,  tho  capital,  is  situated  nearly  halfway  between  IIh; 
northern  and  soutliem  cxtreiiiitieg  of  Guatiinaia.  Its  inhabitants  an; 
chiefly  employed  in  the  indigo  trade.  This  city,  besides,  being  tho 
capital  of  the  Republic,  is  also  the  capital  of  the  Federal  District,  a 
territory  which  extends  from  30  to  30  niilus  around  it. 

8.  Old  Guutimala,  formerly  the  capital,  was  destroyed  by  an  erup- 
tion of  water  from  th  Water  Volcano,  but  is  raw  n^viving.  New 
Guatimula  is  tho  most  populous  place  in  tlio  country,  and  is  a  hand- 
some city.  Leon  and  C'artago  arc  coiibiderablc  towns.  OmoA  and 
Truxillo,  on  tho  bay  of  Honduras,  aro  tho  chief  sea.por'is. 

Ouatimala.  Q.  —  1.  What  docs  Guatimala  occupy?  What  has  it 
aMumed  /    3.  When  did  it  become  independent  ?    What  is  said  of  the 

government  ?  3.  Country  I  Water  Volcano  7  Cosiguiiia  7  Largodt 
ike  7  4.  Tho  soil  7  Mines  7  5.  What  is  said  of  the  population  ?  The 
'Catholic  religion?  6.  Tho  east  coast?  7.  Describe  Sim  Halvador 
I'he  Federal  District    8.  Old  Guatimala.    New  Guatimala  Ac. 


PHY. 


I,  AMKIUCA. 

V  tract  Utwocn  the 
!  Wfftiirii  (.'omirK'nl; 
UMSuinetl  tliti  titlu  ol 

III  ndoptcd  n  form  of 
!  Unilftl  SkiIch;  liit 
i|K'rity  of  tlmt  rcjmb- 
ur. 

couHt  liy  loOy  ranvci  of 
mo  of  whii  li,  the  Water 
nlilii'N  of  wutor ;  wliilu 
IH.'li,  licanl  I000mil'j» 
;il  tu  JuiiKiii'ii,  MOO  niilo*. 
^hiuli  a  itlii|i  canal  to  <4mi 

on,  nil  tlio  nioit  ralkabln 
iro  of  iiii|H.'riur  quality, 
n  arc  now  productive, 
of  liKliiiiis,  oncfifth 
ract's.  'J'lio  Catholic 
ar(!  tniiTutcd. 

ilJL'd  till!  M(iiii)uit«  ihore. 
indf|K.'!i(i(  til  ladiuna;  of 
liaiiL'o  witli  tlie  Englisli. 
ly  Imlf  way  between  IIm; 
la.  ItH  iiiliubitanta  an; 
city,  U'sidcK,  bcingr  tlit) 
'  the  Federal  DiMtriut,  a 
round  it. 

1  destroyed  by  on  erup- 
iii  now  reviving.  New 
country,  and  is  a  hand- 
iblu  townH.    Omoa  and 

of  Bea.por'is. 

occupy?  What  has  if 
It?  WbalJH  said  ofthc 
Coai);uina  7  Larffoot 
ofthe  uopululion?  The 
Describe  Sun  Halvat'or 
3W  Guatimala  Ac, 


Map 


WEST   I.VDIIW.  1S5 

fan  No.  4.— What  boimiU  Ountimiik  on  tlio  north  7  Mo.,  n«.-. 
ftut?  (;..S;i.— Wc«l  nrid  aouth  ?  I'.-dn,— What  b.iy  on  the  north? 
n«,  — On  tlin  vnnit  Oa.  — WImt  Ukn  in  llin  iiouth  /  Nil.  — Iloiv 
lcin({  in  it  t  What  river  cmneela  it  with  llio  nva.  7  R.Jn.  —Which  in 
till-  iii.i>>t  |iiipiilouii  eitv?  N..<»ii.  —  The  fiur  next  in  |ii)|iu|ittion  7  Ln., 
Co.,  H,.Sr,,  <)..(Jn.— What  in  the  population  of  tli<  hu  plueo*  7        I 

Mfl/i  A'«.  (].  —  Ouatiinula  eompriicii  fivn  Htnte-i.     I'.iiul  them  out  > 
Oa.,  IIh.,  .S..Sr.,  Na.,  C.-Ha.  — What  in  llm  enpitiil  of  each  7     N..Oa. 
Cn.,  8..Hr.,  (.n,,  (^o.  —  In  what  utato  ih  tliu  Walor  Volcano  Hituatud 
tin.  -Volcano  of  Coaiguina  7    No.  —  Lake  Nicurogua  7     Nu. 


Blavca  cultivating  tlia  Sugar  cano. 

WEST  INDIES. 

1.  The  West  Indies  consist  of  a  largo  collection  of  islands, 
situated  between  North  and  South  America.  Thoy  are  ail, 
with  tlie  exception  of  Hayti,  subject  to  different  Euroiteaii 
powers. 

2.  These  Islands  comprise  four  great  divisions :  the  Baha- 
ma Islands,  the  Great  Antilles,  the  Little  Antilles,  and  the 
Caribbee  Islands.  The  latter  ato  divided  into  two  groups, 
iie  Windward  and  Leeward  Islands. 

3.  The  climate  is  mild  and  pleasant  in  winter,  which  Inst* 

West  Indiei.  Q.— 1.  Of  what  do  the  Went  Indies  conHlgt  ?  9.  What 
tt  'Jwy  coniprmc  7    3.  What  is  said  of  the  cli/nalo  7    What  xonietiinK 


^'-■^^ff" 


I 


186 


MIOKimvB  or;iMiMAi<llV. 


fVom  I)ce«fnber  to  May ;  Imt  ilm  rtmiiiniN'r  ol'llu'  ynr  in  hoi 
uiul  uiihrnlthv  *'or  NlriuiH*'''''.  Il<'wr(ii  Annnil  ami  Oriulii'r, 
ln*m<'n<li>ii«  Juirricuru'H  or  (tionii'*  KoiMiiiiiw't  iKviir,  wliii'h 
ull<!ii  do  nr<'"t  injury  to  lowiit,  hoii^tisi,  iiml  »lii|<|iinj{. 

4.  Tlu)  WVftt  IiulirJt  nlxmiiil  in  lu-arly  all  thf  prihiin-tioiiii 
of  warm  cliirmlcM,  nnd  nro  rich  in  •  viirii-iy  oi'  (irtirliM  u( 
«r«'nt  imporfnnco  in  comiiu'rco;  whili'  tho  fi)rrMt  (lirniHh 
irmhoKany  'tml  niwrul  other  wcmhI^  iihi'I'iiI  in  ihi'  i.rtH. 

a.  'I'ho  priiuinril  (Viiitri  nro,  oraiiffi  «,  Icmmiii,  |iiiic-ii|H'l''«,  |m|Miw». 
hiinaimii,  pliiiiUiiin*,  itc.  Tim  two  limt  iiWurU  a  .iipply  "I  cxrilKnl 
I'ikhI,  with  but  liltlo  atti'iitimi  to  tliiir  ciiliiviiiion,  A  gmd  vuriity  vf 
liirdu  In  fui'iid  in  tlio  Wml  Itutioa,  marly  uU  uf  wliidi  arc,  liuwu«u/i 
cuimiioii  to  tlio  ncl|{libuurini(  continonlt. 


Urv«n  TurllK. 


a»tua  Uttrd. 


r>.  Th»  green  turtio  ond  guanu  lixard  aro  both  liii{lily  priiod,  •» 
allordiny  dolicioiw  1'immI.  Tlio  (of  riicr  ari'i  ncnt  in  ooniiidi  raldo  nuirib«rn 
to  Europe  nnd  llio  United  8talc»,  Th«y  conio  on  iiliQrn  in  iho  niglil, 
when  tho  fidicrincn  turn  them  on  tliclr  backM,  and  colliu-t  tUoni  at 
loiiuro.  Tha  guana  i«  iVoin  (bur  to  five,  fi'ct  \»ng ;  it  Ih  very  nimble, 
aiid  it  hunted  with  dog«.    Tho  (luHh  ii  tender,  Nwict,  and  dilicatu. 

7.  Comincrco  is  curried  on  Cr>nn  tho  West  India  Islands 
with  great  activity,  and  to  n  hir^er  amount  than  in  any  other 
region  of  tho  same  extent  and  population. 

8.  Tho  chief  articles  of  cxjwi-t  are,  colTec,  sugar,  riJrn, 
cotton,  cocoa,  pimento,  mahogany,  logwood,  A:c.  Tho  im. 
ports  are,  rnanufaeturcd  goods  of  all  kinds  from  I-liiroiK!,  with 
Hour,  Iunil)er,  fish,  and  salted  provisions  from  tho  Unileil 
Slates  and  Hritish  America. 

9.  The  islands  of  tlio  West  Indici  at  o  under  tho  control  of  Oovornori, 


occur?    4.  In  what  do  the  Wcit  Indiea  abound  7    5.  What  are  the 

?rincipal  Ouita  7    What  i«  iaid  of  birds  7    (i.  Of  the  green  turtio,  Stc.  1 
.  What  i»  iuld  of  commerce?    8.  What  are  tho  chief  artitlee  of 
esport?    IrnporU?   ;.  What  conUol  lira  tho  inlandi  under  7    Ho  .v  art 


'•^•■liinkBt-^' 


IV. 

T  ol'llin  yo(\t  in  llDl 

tlt{llilt   Ulul  Oi'liilirr, 

iiiK'K  iK>ciir,  Hliii'h 
I  Hlii|i|nn^. 
all  ll'.<'  |iri)iiiii-ti«)ii)t 
ru'ly  III'  arlit'li'rt  oC 
ihi>  fDri'NtH  ruriiiMli 
ill  I  111!  nrtft. 

,  |iiMC-ii|i|>li'><,  impiiwi, 
a  ■iipply  III'  cxrolK'iU 
,  A  ({ri!ut  vuritly  »f 
r  wlitdi  arc,  liowutu^ 


Ovtiia  Llurd. 
lolh  highly  prized,  ■« 


Highly  pi 
nidiTublM  I 


ciiiiHKiiTubiu  numbCTii 
[)n  Mhorn  in  Iho  niglil, 
,  and  collvt^t  (lioiii  nt 
\H ;  it  in  vrry  niinblo, 
wi'ct,  and  dcliuuto. 
West  Iiuliii  iHlttiidM 
it  lima  in  any  oiIht 

colTec,  sugnr,  rum, 
o<)d,  A:c.  Tho  ini. 
<  from  l''iiro|M(,  with 
19  from  tho  Unitoil 

lO  control  of  Uovornori, 

id  7  5.  What  are  th« 
"tho  green  turtle.  Sect 
I  tho  ciiief  article*  nf 
indH  under?    Ho.v  ar« 


WKIT    INtlllM.  167 

ipiminfi'd  hy  Ilia  nnwrm  tn  wlili'li  lliry  rrnprrlivrly  iNilmijf.  Tha  !»■ 
Iialiitiiiila  III  lliu  liritHli  lalttnila  aru  rrpriDcntrd  in  tliii  IIiium.'*  nf 
AaiMiiilily,  wliirli  vtirri'im'  uniiiii  ul'  ihn  tuix  limia  u(  ttui  U'i'i«h  I'af 
liain«iit.     iiayli  furiiia  an  iii>t('|Mind«nt  repulilic. 

10.  Thr  inhabitniiJM  !.>r!-ti-it  of  wliitiM),  frco  bl.ir:ks,  and 
iliivim,  of  whom  not  tnm      hiui  AO(>,(HK)  nro  wh'N.     Tlr  ♦ 
niiiaiiKlfr  ni>i  of  N»'y;n)  tn  ^m     iiiid,  oxc«>tit  in  ll'iyi  iiixl  IIhj 
HritiNJi  iHlundi*,  tl'  >  prim-'iiMtl  (m.-t  iiru  in  a  atiito  of  aluvory. 


I 


Spnnlah  (•land* |,4H3.iino 

llayil . .  Mig,iiiw 

Hfillah  lalailita  ...•, 7M.WW 


rii|Hil4lMa 

rrrnrh  lalanda ,<.. .  UM.nnii 

Uliilah,  Uuleli,  kc •■ .   .    M.CJO 


SPANISH  WKST  INDIES. 

I'i.  The  wfMttrn  roliinicH  of  S|inin,  wliiih  fiirirrrly  con*' 
priited  lh«  j^routi-r  part  of  tho  Anirriran  ('ontiiK-nt,  (iro  now 
liinitud  to  tho  two  iihuids  of  Cuba  and  t'orto  Kioo. 

1.1.  ('ubn,  tlin  lurKoit  of  the  Woat  India  iatitndu,  i«  ncartv  (tqtial  'n 
extent  U>  all  the  rcat  of  tho  i*iliind»  takvn  togeliirr.  I'opulation 
l,l'JH,()()0.  I'ltrl'i  Hirn  contains  ulioiit  nno-lrnth  thu  area  of  C'uba. 
i'lipiilntion  3.'i7,0fln.  'I'liry  are  Imth  ((Tlilo  iaianda,  and  cany  on  an 
exttmaivo  tradii,  cliit^fly  with  tho  United  Htatoa. 

14.  Iliivttnn,  the  (muitiil  urCulin,  ii  tli«  largc*Ht  nnd  moat  floiirialiiiif 
rity  in  the  Wcat  IndiiH.  Mnlnn/na,  I'uorto  I'rinciiH!,  am)  .Vi  Jagu 
d«  Ciibn,  are,  oiler  the  ciipitiil,  llir  moat  ini|iurtunt  towna.  A.  lohn'a 
ia  the  vliicf  town  in  I'orto  Uico.  It  imi  a  »al«  and  capacioiiv  |!.ii,rbour, 
and  ia  alrmiKly  furtiUcd. 

BRITISH  WEST  INDIES. 

15.  Jamaica  is  tho  largest  and  most  valuable  of  the  British 
minnd.i.  Tho  towns  of  Jamaica,  and  tho  other  islands,  aro 
ull  (wa-ports,  and  doi)endont  on  commeroo. 

Ift.  Kiii|;aton  is  the  Inrfrcat  town  in  tlie  British  Went  Indioa,  and 
eonlaina  atioiit  30,000  iiihabitanta,  The  chief  of  tlio  other  towia  aro, 
llrid/jitdwn,  in  nnrlmdr.(!K,  with  20,000  inhahitnnla  ;  Kt,  JolinV,  in 
AntiKuii,  with  15,000;  Port  of  Spain,  in  Trinidad,  with  13,000;  and 
llofbetcrro,  in  St.  ChriHtuplior'a,  with  7000. 


tho  whilo  inhnbitanta  of  tho  Britiah  iaiunda  rcproicntcd  7  10.  Of  wha> 
do  tho  iiihiibitanta  conaiat  ?  How  many  arc  whites  7  11.  What  ii  t)M 
populntioii  of  tho  diftVrent  ialondfl  t 

19.  Whiit  arc  tho  coloniea  of  Spnin7    13.  What  ia  anid  of  Cuba  7   Porto 
Rico?  14.  Havana?  Uther  towna?  St.  John'* 7  15.  Jamaica?  16.  Kingi 


^'fmmmmi:' 


'JSCii' 


188 


PBM  sirrivB  onooiiArttT. 


MITiatl  mt.AMM. 


)4* 


;ii 


iif 


IT. 

AnttfHt 9109 

.tir;n»:)a  ......  Ib.flM 

Ml.  VinMM... 

Mt.  Klin 

Il(«inlni*at.i>. 


•ptKlth  T'lWN. 
Htliliii  liiHn 

full  „(  ii)i*in, 
n.  iahn't. 
M.  e«ef(t'l. 
KtRfitiHI. 

MwcUrnik 


Ni   l.ur|« I»,m» 

r>,t>»t" MIX") 

N.»n la.iMt 

Miiiiitiriat *'.<IINI 

'J1.II..I4  (.imo 

An«uill« :.i.tl>i«» 

llnhani* VRiWiu 

(brmiiilti W.IMO 


('mifiin, 

Hr«rl..il.iii(IV 
I'IkiiI.  •I.mi 
I'lyiiM.iilh. 
Il'iri'l  llaibaui 
An«Mill«. 

m.  Uodrg*'*. 


IN.  Tlifl  DahAmu  um^iw  sIhhiI  lUO  lubmln,  of  wlilrit  imty  U  tr« 
of  euncldi'mblo  liM,  TIm  mU  in  trld  iinil  rorkjr,  and  ilitiif  i.lumU  M^ 
ill  taim%mnu,  Ml  ftuilfUl  In  Uio  umhiI  iiroiln.  i .  ..i  iIh'  VV<  ^i  Imln  «. 

IVi  Tht  BmnHtiu  He  to  Um  faatward  of  ilx  I  iiit<  <l  Sdu^,  niid  ara 
•  mUmIIm  of  ntcka  nnd  miiall  Inland*,  uf  wliiili  only  *\gUl  [<•>•'<  "•  uny 
Importuira.  Thpy  viijoy  an  alinoit  |)vr|N;lual  ■(•iitiKi  and  am  cluUiwd 
in  roiiatant  vvrdiiru. 

9B.      rRKNCII  iNLAiyrm. 
riuadalouiM  ...  I  Ii).4<i0    llwMviiirra. 

MarilniM Iin.aiiu    m.  I'lcim. 

MarlMaUnti. ,  ll.itxi    llaMcurra. 
Uawada.  lU.*       3,IIM 

«l  ItANIMII. 

Mania  Criii W.tmil    (.'liilmlaniUilt. 

Ml.  Thoinai T.lKM    Ml.  Yhoiiia*. 

M.  JolM'i a,uuu 


«&  Dt'TI.'H. 

Ml  ruatatla H.MlO    Th«  ttay. 

I.'iiriicoa I.I.WM    WllliainaUilt. 

Ml.  Marlln'* a,<WI 

Ul  MWKUIMir. 

Ml  liaillMlninaw  O.llUO    aiiata*la. 

Jl.            VENir/.llRI.A. 
Marfariia IS.UUU    I'LTipalar. 


l.Ti 


25.  IIavti  wn»  formorly  cnlliil  Flispniiioln,  nml  iiIho  Si. 
D(>min|{o.  It  in  oiio  (if  thu  fmrni  of  tlu!  VVi-iit  liicliii  iMland*, 
unci  oru'o  buloiij^cii  jointly  to  France  unil  Hiinin,  Tin!  Frt-nch 
jKirtion  wan  uncDrntnoiily  llourisiiing,  and  tln!  cxportM  nearly 
(ujimlled  tlioMo  of  all  Ihu  other  InIiukIm  united. 

In  1791,  an  inaurroction  ortlio  nogfriica  broko  out  In  the  French  part 
of  the  iaittnd.  In  17'.)3,  the  aiuvra  wcro  cniancipalnd  liy  a  drcrro  of 
th«  French  National  Aawiiildy.  In  IHOI,  the  iiidwiK niKnco  of  lluvti 
woa  duularod  j  and  in  lH!i!i,  tlie  HpHniah  part  of  tlie  iaiiuid  ciimv  under 
tlio  control  of  the  lluyticn  govt^riiiiiont. 

on,  and  the  other  towna7  17.  Which  la  the  moat  populoua  of  th« 
Dritlah  lalandaT  Ji.  — Tha  next?  Ba.  —  Tlio  looat ?  Aa.  — What 
do  the  llahaniaa  compriau?  What  ia  anid  of  the  anil?  II).  Of  th« 
Bormudna?  What  do  they  enjoy  7  30.  Which  ia  the  moat  impuloua 
of  Uio  French  iaianda?  Oc. —91.  Of  the  Daniah?  H.A'r.  —  i'J. 
Dutch?  8..Ea.~*.2.'i.  What  Ulanda  ticlong  to  Sweden?  M.-Bw.— 
ii4.  To  Vonciuola  1  Ma. 
85.  What  ia  aaid  of  ll&yti  7    The  French  portion  7    96.  Of  tha 

*  The  population  of  the  French  part  of  St.  Mwtin'a,  3,600  ia  num. 
L«r,  ia  included  in  thii  eatimato. 


J 


b^ 


I 


InlUtHMk, 

iD,mio 

It.ww 

WiWi 

I •'.INM 

„...,   MllllA 

,.„..  3.0110 
WWIU 


I'tlUIlM, 

I'hitilaMni. 
fl^iiiiMiih. 

Itnilil  MallKIUI 

-     Nt"«u 

•.(Ml)    HI.  Uaiirfi't. 

itii,  of  whirh  iiiily  14  sra 
i)r,  and  tlu'M>  i>luiMla  mu, 
jctii  III'  Ilia  VVint  liulk*. 
to  tinltcil  Hiiiti'ii,  nnii  *r« 
h  iiiily  riKhl  |N»ai  •■  liny 
I  ■|iriii|[,  itntl  oru  vWUioU 


Dt'TCM. 

la I4,INI0    ThA  tiny. 

n.UUU    WliliiinaUilt. 

'( LIWI 

■WEumii. 

Inmaw    0,000    autU«l«. 
VENK/.IIRI.A. 

is.ouu   rimpaiir. 


Npiitiioln,  nnil  nlao  Bt. 
I!  VVi'Nt  India  iNlandH, 
I  Spnin.  Thn  l''rt'ticli 
iiul  tlu!  oxportH  nearly 
nitt'd. 

>ko  uut  in  the  French  part 
uncipslixl  by  n  dcrrro  of 
u  iiiilit|H'nit(:nro  of  lluyti 
of  tlio  iiliuid  caino  undui 


ho  miMt  popiiloui  of  I  ha 
'I'ho  h<aat?  As. —What 
ofthoioiU  1!).  Of  the 
ich  !■  the  moit  iHjpulotw 
)  Dani.h?  8..<>.  — aU. 
to  Sweden?    H.-Ow.— 

:h  portion?    S26.  Of  the 
MMtin'a,  3,600  in  num. 


iSlwM 


I 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/ 


0 


o 


ms 


<9 


^ 


f/i 


^A 


'^ 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


'"ilU  lilt 

■'    -U    J  2 


i;,: 


II 


6      =' 


2.0 

1.8 


JA  III  1.6 


Phoiufip:Bphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


^^v 


4 


o 


^r^ 


o^ 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^ 


<V'^ 


WP 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


WEST   INDIES.  180 

37.  The  government  of  Iliiyli  ig  profcNHodly  rcpiiiilican,  but  in,  in 
fiict,  a  military  duHpotiiim.  'I'ho  I'ronidcnt  IiuIUm  liiii  oflico  for  life.  Ttie 
irmy  aniuuiita  to  40,(IUU  men ;  there  is  uIho  a  larfro  militia  force. 

SU  The  annual  uxportH  are  in  vuliio  about  4  million  dolliira,  or  one- 
•lixth  tho  amount  of  tlioKo  sunt  from  tho  French  part  of  tliu  inland  only, 
previous  to  tho  year  iTJl, 

29.  Tho  principiil  towns  nro  Port  au  Prince,  the  capital,  Jercmie, 
and  Au.jCayea,  jO-kay'.]  In  1843,  a  dreadful  earthquake  duslroyiil 
(iijHi  llaytien,und  oeverul  othi'r  townn,  bCNidcH  ninny  of  tho  inhubitant.s. 

30.  Ip  181.'),  im  iuNurrec'tion  took  place  in  llayti,  and  President 
Itoycr  wiiH  e.xpt'llcd ;  .at  tlii!  Hiime  lime,  the  SpiiniHU  population,  al)oiit 
l()0,0(M)  in  nuniliur,  declared  tlieir  independence,  and  now  form  the 
Republic  of  St.  Domingo.  Tho  llaytieuH  havo  endeavoured  to  con. 
ipier  tho  new  stato,  but  hitherto  without  succchs.  Tho  city  ol'  St 
Domingo  ia  tho  capital. 

Map  No.  4.  —  Which  is  tho  larjjcHt  of  tlm  West  India  Islands  7  Co. 
—  The  second  in  Hizu  7  Hi. —  Third?  Ja.  —  Fourth  ?  P.-Ro,— Flow 
lonjf  is  Cuba  7  Kaytl'  Jamaica  7  Porto  Rico  7  Tlieso  arc  the  Great 
.'Vntillcs.  What  sea  between  the  Great  Antilles  and  oouih  America  t 
Cn.  —  What  islands  north  of  Cuha  ?  Bs.  —  Which  are  tho  principal 
of  tho  Bahamas  7  N..Pe.,  Ao.,  Ia.,  Ts.,  Lg.,  Gi.  —  Who  discovered 
Gunnaliani  7  In  what  year  7  What  is  the  name  of  tho  caNtern  ranjre 
of  tho  West  India  Is.  7  Co.  —  What  six  islands  on  tho  coast  of  South 
America  7  Oa.,  Ca.,  B.-Ae.,  Oa.,  Ta.,  Ma.  —  These  ■  are  tlio  Little 
Antilles.  Tlic  Bermudas  arc  about  the  same  distance  from  Charles- 
ton, from  IIalila.v,  and  from  St.  John's,  Porto  Rico.  How  many  miles 
is  it  by  the  tcalo  7  How  far  arc  the  Bermudas  fron>  Madeira  7  What 
is  tho  populi-tion  of  Ilavanna  7  Kingston  7  Port  au  Prince  7  St 
Domingo  7 


— 130  ■ 


SOUTH  AMERICA. 

1.  South  Amkhica,  the  southern  part  of  tho  New  World, 
-s  smaller  in  extent  than  the  northern  division  of  tho  continent 
by  almost  one  million  of  square  miles :  it  is  thinly  settled,  and 
lor  the  most  part  uncultivated. 

2.  Like  Noith  America,  it  is  noted  for  the  grandeur  and 
e.xtent  of  its  mountains,  rivers,  and  plains :  it  is  also  imrivallod 

slaves?  27.  Government?  President?  Army?  28.  Exports? 
21).  The  principal  towns  7  30.  What  took  placa  in  1843  7  What 
occurred  at  the  same  time,  Jtc.  ? 

South  America.  <i.— 1 .  IIo  w  much  smaller  is  South  America  than  North 


190 


DEBCniFTIVB  OKOORAPIIV. 


Bdiitli  Aiiii^rii'aii  Hci'ii^ry. 

for  the  nnml)or  and  richness  of  its  mines  of  gold,  silver,  mcr. 
ciiry,  and  precious  slonos. 

JJ.  Th(!  clinmte  of  South  America  possesses  every  variety 
whicli  vast  extent  and  great  diversity  of  surliice  can  give.  Its 
ve}^etal)ie  productions  aro  numerous  and  vahiabie,  and  com- 
prise tlie  chief  articles  raised  in  tropical  and  temperate  regions. 

4.  The  principal  mountains  are  the  Andes,  which  range 
along  the  westi-rn  shores  of  South  Americi  ,  from  north  to 
south.  The  highest  ])eak,  Mount  Sorata,  is  almost  five  miles 
iiigh.  The  mountains  of  Hrazil  extend  along  a  great  part  of 
the  eastern  coast,  and  aro  in  height  from  3,000  to  6,000  feet. 

5.  The  AndcH  contain  numerous  volcanocB,  many  of  which  arc 
conBtantly  burning :  tlio  most  noted  is  Cotopaxi,  near  Quito,  one  of 
the  loftiest  volcanoes  in  the  world ;  the  noise  of  its  crujilions  has  been 
licard  600  miles,  and  the  flames  from  its  mouth  liavo  been  known  to 
ascend  half  a  milo  high, 

C.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Amazon,  Rio  de  la  Plata, 
and  Orinoco.  The  first,  though  not  the  longest,  is  the  largesi 
river  in  the  world :  and  drains,  with  its  tributaries,  an  extent 
of  country  nearly  equal  to  the  whole  of  Europe :  its  chief 
branches  rival  the  largest  rivers  of  the  eastern  continent. 

America  ?  2.  For  what  is  it  noted  7  For  what  unrivalled  1  3.  What  is 
said  of  the  climato  T  Productions  ?  4.  Which  are  the  principal  moun. 
tains  ?    The  hiyhcst  peak  ?    5.  What  is  said  of  volcanoes  ?    fi.  Of  the 


AriiY. 


es  of  gold,  silver,  mer- 

assesses  every  variety 
fsurlace  can  give.  Its 
lid  valuable,  and  com- 
and  temperate  regions. 
D  Andes,  which  range 
ncrici  ,  from  north  to 
ta,  is  almost  five  miles 
I  alon;?  a  great  part  of 
m  3,000  to  6,000  feet. 
DCS,  many  of  which  arc 
jpaxi,  near  Quito,  one  of 
I  of  its  cruj>tion8  has  been 
ulh  liavo  been  known  to 

azon,  Rio  de  la  Plata, 
B  longest,  is  the  largesl 
)  tributaries,  an  e.\tent 
of  Europe :  its  chief 
eastern  continent. 

t  unrivallod  1  3.  What  ia 
1  are  the  principal  moiin- 
of  volcanoes?    d.  Of  tha 


7,  The  forests  of  many  parts  of  South  America  exhibit  a  liixuri»nr« 
&iul  diversity  of  aspect  ilitiorent  from  those  of  must  otiicr  purts  of  tlie 
world.  They  are  enlivened  by  a  great  variety  of  birds  of  singular 
fiirniR  and  superb  plunrngc,  which  tlutter  through  the  branihcs ;  and 
troops  of  monkeys  and  S(|uirrels,  thul  leap  fruin  liough  to  bough  ;  wiiilu 
(he  occasional  appearance  of  tlic  alligator.  '\uh  numerous  serpents  and 
lizards,  pfcsents^a  singular  and  varied  scene. 


Laiiia. 


Tapir. 


8.  Among  the  most  remarkable  animals  of  this  continent,  are  tlia 
piguar,  puma,  and  ocelot,  tlie  hinia  or  South  American  cuiiiel,  tli 
lapir,  peccary,  sloth,  ant-catcr,  armadillo,  and  cliincliilla.  The  horsu 
ox,  ass,  and  hog,  were  all  strangers  to  tlio  New  World,  and  were 
brought  from  Europe  by  the  first  settlers :  they  have  increased  prodi- 
giously, and  have  in  some  instances  regained  their  original  wild  state. 

9.  The  birds  are  numerous  and  of  various  kinds ;  the  largest  are 
the  rnca  or  American  ostrich,  and  the  condor  or  vulture  of  the  Andes, 
>vhicli  h  the  largest  bird  of  flight  known.    There  are  also  toucans. 


principal  rivers  7  7.  Forests?  8,  The  most  remarkable  animals  T  i  1'iie 


— <^1 


192 


DEiiCniPTIVI  QKOORAPUY. 


i 


Red-blllod  Toucan. 


Orlulu  NsiU. 


orioIcH,  or  ImnciiiR.birHH,  willi  tho  bliicltsniilli  or  bcll.hirds,  nnd  hum- 
iiiinK-liirdH  of  a  hiiiidrcd  diHtrunt  HpiicuH,  from  tho  nizu  ol'  u  wrtn  to 
liiut  of  a  humblu-bcc. 

10.  Tho  inlmbitnnts  of  South  America  nniount  to  alwut 
10  millions,  nnd  consist  of  nrnrly  tii"  same  ciassos  as  thow 
of  tho  northern  division  of  tlic  continent— Whites,  Indians, 
Negroes,  and  the  niixej  races :  tlic  latter  comprise  Mulattocs, 
Mestizoes,  and  Zaml)oes, 

11.  The  whiirs  are  (liji'fly  Spaniards  and  Portii;;urse,  nnd 
(heir  descendants:  oflhrse,  many  of  tiie  wealtliv  classes  arc 
well  educated  and  intelligent;  hut  Hic  great  majority  of  tli*- 
f)eii[)!e  arc  ignorant,  indolent,  ami  oltcn  vicious  in' their  habits. 

12.  Ccnsidrrablo  attention  liaN  In  en  latily  paid  in  sonic  of  tlio  South 
Anirriciin  Stales  to  education.  Schooln  and  univorHities  have  liceii 
e8ln!ili.sh<d  in  several  places,  iind  knowludgo  is  beginning  to  disi>e) 
part  of  thu  i>:norancc  which  prevailed. 

I.').  Nearly  the  whole  of  S<.iilli  America  was,  for  three  hundred 
years,  subject  to  Sjiain  nnd  I'ortut'al :  it  is  now,  with  the  exception  of 
tiiiiaiia,  entirely  independent  of  Kiiropean  coiUrol.  'J'he  Spani.sli  pan 
is  divided  into  a  number  of  diHtinet  ri])id)lirs,  whose  governments  ere 
similar  to  timtof  the  I'nited  States;  while  Urazil,  tho  part  settled  6y 
tlio  Portuiruese,  is  a  limited  monarchy. 

14.  Tlic  Cutholic  is  the  established  relijrion  in  nil  tlie  South  Araoricaii 
States;  but  piTsons  of  other  perHunsions  are  allowed  to  reside  without 
molesto'.ion.    In  British  and  Dutch  Guiana  the  Troteatant  faith  prevails. 

birds?  10.  What  la  said  of  the  inhabitants?  11.  Of  the  whites? 
W.  Educatirn,  &c.  ?  13.  How  long  was  South  America  subject.  Sec. ' 
I  .'hut  is  saiQ  of  tho  Spanish  piurt?  Portugi-eso  ?  14.  Which  u  th". 
;Etablii<hcd  rtligiou  7 


iPUX. 


■OUTII    AMRRICA. 


193 


Uriulu  Nciti. 


I  nr  l)('l|.|)ir(lK,  nnd  hum- 
nil  tlic  nizu  ol'  u  wrtn  to 

rica  nniount  to  nlx)ut 
aiiic  cliiMsos  as  those 
•nt — Whites,  Indians. 
•r  coinpiisu  Mulattocs, 

i  and  P()rtii;;iirse,  and 
le  wealthy  ehisses  arc 
fjrent  iiiajoriiy  of  the 
vicious  in  tlieir  Imhits. 
mi(J  ill  gomo  of  the  South 
1  iiiiiv(THi(i(!H  liuvo  liceii 
)  in  IjvgiimiDg  to  diH|>el 

wnH,  for  tiirco  hundreci 
w,  with  the  cxcc|ili(m  ot 
iilrol.  'J'lio  Spiiiii.sh  pari 
wliosu  frovcrniiiviTtH  ere 
azil,  thn  part  suttiea  by 

n  nil  tlin  South  American 
illowcd  to  reside  witliout 
I'roteatant  faitli  prcvailii. 

I?  11.  Of  the  whites? 
h  America  subject,  4ic.  ^ 
c«!f     14.  Which  ia  this 


Map  Ko.  17. — What  ocean  bound*  Hoiith  America  on  the  oaitT 
Ac.  —  On  the  wot  ?     I'c,  —What  ma  on  tlio  norlli  I    Cn. 

How  in  New  (irrnadtt  boiindi'd  ?     ItH  capital  ? 


Vcncxucla— iHiiindcd  7  Ciipiiiil  7 
I'kiiiiildi— bounded  /  (^apiliil  I 
tiiiiuna— bounded  7  CapitulH  7 
I'lrn— lionndi'd  7 
IWiviii — bounded  ?    Cajiital  7 


llra/il — bounded  7     Capital  7 
('bill — iKiiimled  7     Capital  t 
RueiioH  AyreN— Imiiiided  /  Capitiil 
I'liraijuay — bounded  I    C'apital  7 
(inijTuay— bounded  7    Capital  7 


Patiignniu — bounded  7 

On  what  iido  of  South  America  are  tbc  Andes  7  Wt.  —  What  num. 
ber  of  iiiilex  do  they  extend  7  Uetween  what  two  »taten  do  they  form 
the  <  iiliro  boundary  7  Ci.,  H,.An.—  Ilelween  what  two  do  tliey  form 
llie  boundary  in  j)art7  Ha.,  I'u.  — What  Ih  the  next  grealeHt  raiiRo 
ol  inouiitaniH7  llii.  — What  nuinl)er  of  milcH  do  they  extcnd7  In 
what  hluto  aru  they  aliiioNt  wholly  7     HI. 

Whieh  are  the  three  iargeHt  rivern  7  An.,  Pa.,  Oo.  — How  long  in 
each  7  Mow  wide  the  nioutliH  of  tlie  two  larKeit7  Where  in  Uio 
.Magdaleiia  7  Into  what  Hca  docs  it  empty  7  Cn.  —  Whieh  are  the 
tour  principal  branches  of  the  Amazon  on  the  north  side  7  Ta.,  Po., 
Ca.,  No.  —  Which  are  its  chief  branehcH  on  the  south  side  7  Lfc.,  Ja., 
Ph.,  Ma.,  Tm.,  Xu.  —  How  long  are  each  of  the  t6refroin((  7  Which 
two  rivers  form  the  Amazon  7  He.,  Ta.  — Whieh  two  form  the  Rio 
do  la  Plata  7  Pa.,  Vy.  —  Into  wliat<»cean  do  the  Orinoco,  Amazon, 
St.  Francisco,  and  the  Rio  do  la  Plata,  How  7  A..On.  —  What  riveri 
aro  south  of  tlio  Rio  do  lu  Plata  7    Co.,  No.,  Cs.,  P.-Dc. 

Where  is  the  Gulf  of  Daricn  7  N..(!a.  —  G.  of  Venezuela  7  Va.  — 
(J  of  Guayaquil  7  Er.  —  G.  of  PcnaH7  Pa.  —  Where  is  the  Hay  of 
Panaini?  N.-Go.  —  Talcahuana  U.  7  Ci.  —  B.  of  St.  Oooriro  7  St. 
.Mathias  B.  7    Pa —  B.  of  All  Saints  7    Bl. 

Where  is  Puno  Island  7  Er.  —  Islands  of  St.  Felix  7  Is.  of  Juan 
Fernandez?  Chilool.7  Ci.  —  Wellington  1.7  Pa.  —  I.  of  Terra 
del  Fuego  7  Whero  are  the  Falkland  Is.  7  Pa.  —  I.  of  St.  Catharina  7 
Itamaraca  1.7  Joannes  1.7  Bl.  — Between  what  two  rivers  is  the 
latter  situated  7    An,,  Pa. 

Whero  is  the  Strait  of  Magellan  7  What  regions  docs  it  separate  7 
Pa.  and  T..Fo.  —  Wlioro  is  the  Strait  of  Lo  Mairo  7  What  does  ii 
Hcporato  7    T.-Fo.  and  S..Ld. 

Which  is  the  largest  city  of  S,  America?  R.-Jo. —The  next*'  Ba.— 
Which  three  cities  number  rcsjiectivcly  100,000,  70,000,  ond  55,000? 
B..As.,  Qo.,  La.  — The  most  northerly  and  most  southerly  capes  7  Gs., 
Hn.»  —  Most  easterly  and  most  westerly  7    S.-Ro.,  Bo. 

•  This  capo  is  colled  by  seamen  the  •*  Horn :"  when  vessels  sail  from 
<ie  United  States  to  the  west  coorf  of  Atttrica.  they  are  said  to  go 
^und  the  Horn. 

2 


, 


)i 


104 


UKMCItli'TIVB    UU(>URAPIIV« 


What  proprtion  of  ftmtli  Anmrlc*  ll«»  north  of  thi'  Tropic  of  C*. 
prirom  ?  'I  ho  lurgint  or  mnolUnt  /  I.t.  —  In  what  (onr,  llirn,  U  it 
tn.wlly  T  Til.  —  III  wimt  xono  ia  the  ntniiimler  '  H.-Tr,  —  In  what 
hjMilKphiro  U  Houlh  Aimriiii  wholly  ^  U'n.—  In  whiit  hciiiinphcre 
m  it  (lurlly  >  Hn.  —  Soiilli  Ainiricii  contniiii*  nlioiit  I'i'^  of  luirlli,  nnd 
43'  of  imiilh  intitiiilo.  In  what  liililiiih'  i«  it  Ihiii  7  Sh.—  It  rxti  iiili 
IVom  'M^  to  Hl°  uf  lonnilucli',  wcit  liroiii  (aiHiiwiih.  In  whul  Iomki. 
tiiiiu  then  in  it  rvi'kontd  7     Wi, 

lluw  niiiiiy  Miilia  in  it  froni  Gulniia  to  Ncwftiundland  7  Drazil  to 
(3ri'uiiliind  ?  (iiiiiiiiii  to  L.ibcriu?  Ni'w  (•rcnitdu  lo  llurnro?  Kcimdor 
totlir(iulliipii|roH  in.  I  I'rru  toOtuhi'itv  I  Chili  to  New  South  Wiik'n? 
I'hili  to  N(  w  Zimlaiid  7  Hru/il  to  tliu  went  couHt  of  Afrlitt 7  DriiRimjr 
to  the  l'ii|Ni  of  UiHxl  lloiM)  7  l'iitn|[uiiiu  tu  V<tn  Diciiicn'ii  Lund  1 
l'utiii[onia  to  Kt'rKuulvn'i  l.und  7 


138- 


COLOMFIIA. 

1.  The  Into  Republic  of  (.'olombia  occupied  an  rxtcnaive 
region  stretching  from  the  I'acillc  tu  the  Athintic  Ocenn.  It 
wiiH  th«  most  powerl'iil  of  the  South  Atncricnn  States  that 
throw  od"  the  yoke  of  Spain,  nnd  wiih  divided  in  the  year  IHiJl 
into  the  njiuhiicH  of  New  (.ireiiada,  Venezuela,  and  Iv^uador. 

2.  'I'iie  woNtern  part  of  this  territory  is  traverHcd  by  some 
of  the  lodicst  ranges  of  the  Andes.  In  tho  past  it  consiats 
of  extensive  plains  (callod  Ilnnos  by  tho  inhabitants)  which 
form  a  part  of  tho  vast  level  region  lliut  spreads  from  north 
to  south  over  tho  whole  interior  of  the  continent. 

J).  The  climate  changes  according  to  tho  elevation  ;  hence 
tho  vogetublo  productions  aro  various.  On  tho  high  lublc- 
lands,  among  the  mountains,  arc  raised  the  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oat.H,  and  fruits  of  temperate  climates,  while  tho  low  country 
is  prolific  in  tho  most  valuable  products  of  tho  Torrid  Zone. 

4,  MnnufacturcB  arc  hut  little  attcndrd  to  in  Columbia,  but  commcrro 
ii  rarrii'd  on  to  lomo  vxtunt,  chiptty  with  the  Utiittd  .StutvN  and  Great 
Itritiiin.  'I'Uo  cxportH  are  inoHtly  of  tho  tropical  productions  of  the  coun- 
try, and  conHiwt  of  Hugar,  colfeo,  cacao,  indigo,  liidci,  nu'aiiparilla.  Sec 

5.  Tho  mine*  of  New  Grenada  yield  in  gold  and  silver  about  two 

Colomfiia,  Q.  —  1.  What  did  tho  Kcpuhllc  of  Colombia  occupy  7 
What  was  it  7  When  and  how  was  it  divided  7  9.  What  is  said  of 
ho  western  part?  In  tho  eant?  3,  How  docs  tho  climat«  change? 
Vi^hat  of  tho  vegetablo  productions  7  4.  Manufactures  7  Ex|)ort8t 
.   Minvk?    Poarl  fishery  7 


I  I 


hapiiy. 

ntirlh  of  till'  Tropic  of  C». 
—  Ill  what  (onr,  Uirn,  In  It 
Binder  '  H.-'IV.  —  In  wh»t 
Vii,—  III  uliiit  lii'iiiiii|ihi'ra 
nil)  nlioiit  1'/^  of  iiiirlli,  nnd 
it  (lull  7  Mil.— It  rxtriiili 
liH'iiwii.'ll.     Ill  whul  liiiiKI. 

Nowfiiundland  7  Brazil  to 
I'liudu  (o  lliirni'o?  Kciiiidor 
Cliili  toNcw  Hniitli  WiilcH  7 
count  of  Afrii:a  7  llriiijuiiy 
tu  V'ln   Diuiiicir»  Lund  7 


occupied  an  extensive 
the  Atlantic  Ocenn.  It 
\  American  States  that 
lividod  in  the  year  IHiJl 
'enozuela,  and  Iv^uador. 
ry  ifl  traversed  hy  some 

In  the  raHt  it  consists 
r  the  inhabitants)  which 
hat  spreads  fruin  nurtii 
0  continent. 

to  the  elevation  ;  hence 
8.  On  the  hij,'h  tabic- 
d  the  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
,  while  tlio  low  country 
:ts  of  the  Torrid  Zone. 

in  Colombia,  but  comincrro 
lie  Utiittd  SlutVN  and  Urvat 
cal  prodtictiong  of  the  coun. 
go,  liidci,  wu'wiparilla,  &c. 

gold  and  silver  about  two 

blic  of  Colombia  occupy  7 

idcd  7    3.  What  in  Raid  of 

does  the  climate  change  T 

M  anufkcturci  7    Ex|)orts  t 


CfltOMBU. 


mm 


ios 


millloiii  of  diilUri  annunlly.  Thnrn  ara  aliHi  nilnci  of  cnpfifr,  lead, 
and  tin;  nnd  diliiiioiidK,  I'liu'riklda,  and  other  prrcioiin  atoni'ii,  aru  found. 
The  pearl  fiiliiiry,  wliieh  ome  yielded  half  a  mtlliun  dulkra  a  year, 
now  aiiiounti  in  valuu  to  only  91HI),(IU0, 


Hupa  briU|«,  Hilitroi  carryln|  trarallari. 

NEW  GRENADA. 

6.  New  Okenada  ii  the  most  powerful  nml  populous  of 
the  Colombian  States.  Its  coast  is  washed  on  tiie  west  side 
by  the  l*acific  Octmn,  and  on  tho  north  by  the  Caribbean  sea. 
Part  of  its  territory  cxtctnds  into  North  America  westward 
from  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

7.  RoadM  hardly  oxixt  in  the  niounlainouii  dixtrictii  of  Mew  Grenada 
and  the  other  purtH  of  Colombia.  Truvellcra  are  often  curried  in  a 
kind  of  chair,  placed  on  tho  backs  jf  pcrnona  called  HilloroH,  hired  for 
llie  piirpone. 

8.  The  bridge*  acroiis  the  rapid  torrinta  of  tho  AndoH  arc  frequently 
formed  of  a  viugle  rope,  and  a  hupim  i<;k  or  buxket  iiiudu  to  run  trom 
one  end  to  tho  other,  in  which  tho  Coluinbiiui  p:iHHei)  Hccurely, 

'J.  Dogota,  tho  capital  of  New  Greniidu.  is  Hituated  a  few  niilcH  oait 
of  tho  Alagdalena  river,  on  ii  fertilo  pliiiii,  HUUU  feet  aliovo  the  seu.  It 
contains  ii  number  of  hundiomo  churoiiCH  and  convents,  and  a  uni. 
vcMity.    The  Murrounding  country  yivldii  two  crops  of  grain  annually. 

10.  Cdrthagcim,  on  tho  coant  of  the  Caribbean  sea,  is  the  principal 
port  of  this  republic :  its  trade  with  tho  United  States  and  Great  Bri> 

Ntw  Grenada.  Q.—G.  What  i<  said  of  Now  Grenada?  7.  Of  roads  7 
How  arc  travellers  carried  /  8.  What  is  said  of  uridgos  7  'J.  Dcsuribo 
Bogota.    Tiio  surrounding  country.    lU,  Carthagena.    Pupayun,  die. 


T 


lUtt 


DnmirrivH  fjBouHAPiiv. 


Uln  U  ailenffTa.  Vit\>i»jun  iiwl  l'a«l»,  in  Ilia  iiiiillii-rn  part  of  Now 
ttntidih,  mill  I'nimiiia,  on  iho  noiilii  riila  ol'  tha  tiltiiiiiia  of  Uariiii, 
ua  »ll  ptitri:*  of  «om«  iiii|K)rl4ni'i<. 


Mup  Na,  17.  —  Wh»l  iKiund*  Ntiw  lirrnmltt  on  llir  norlli  f  CHn 

H«imh'  Kr.—  Kjutf  V«.  — Wintf  I'.ctii.— WImt  l.tlimuii  cm. 
mxtn  ,1  with  NnrUt  Aimrica  f  Dn.  —  Win.  Ii  uro  tlio  iirinti|>al  rivir*  I 
Mil.,  ('«.,  f».,  V».,  No,,  Ui'.,  Mil.  —  Wlmi  lit  thi>  li  iifflli  (il'tm  li  I  ||»w 
Ikr  iln  aliNipii  imvlinlii  tliu  MiiKiluli'iia  t  Miln  I  Wliiit  ii  thu  iii,|ml«. 
(ion  of  ll.i(fi)tii  I  roiwymi  I  CurlhoKina  I  Miiiii|mi«  /  IIumiIh  ' 
Wliiit  iniMiiiliiliH  rxUtui  iiliiiiK  lliu  m-jii  loii.t  ?  An.— Ulmt  niiiiiiituiiit 
AMI  of  tliu  Mii|{ilalcii«  7  An*.  Tliu  nurlli.caat  tango  ol  tliu  AnUun, 


i:»} ' 


VENKZUKLA. 

I.  Vi:!«r«iii!t\  comprisrH  tlm  moHt  msfrrn  pnrt  «>f  f'olom. 
bio.  A  raiiKo  ol"  nunmtiiiim,  Iho  niirlli-cnitt  braiiih  «)!'  Iho 
Andes,  I'xtfiuls  nloiij^  ni'url\  iho  wholii  of  tlio  northern  roanl. 
Tho  rcmiiirKlor  of  Ihn  republic  i'onHi»t8  of  a  vast  pluin,  form* 
ing  purl  of  Iho  Kn-at  I.huuiH  of  Coloinbin. 

a.  Like  Iho  I'liiiipitH  of  lliieiios  Aywn,  and  the  Scrlarn  of 
Brnzil,  it  in  cov(Tr<l  with  tail  hcriiaije,  on  which  f^ra/.i-  vast 
herds  of  horstes,  oxen,  and  iniileH,  Of  ihoHo,  many  of  tho 
inhabitants  po!i.s)'U  from  lU.UOO  lo  'JO,!)!)!)  head. 

3.  Till)  innplo  of  tho  plninii  aro  ciillrd  U.inrroii.  Tlioy  uro  oil  ex. 
celltnt  liorMiiiin ;  ami  iMiriliuliirly  tllHtiMifiiinlicil  thumiivlvvi,  in  tho 
vontcitt  Willi  S|mln,  tiir  llioir  putriotiini  anil  briiv<-ry. 

4.  Carncrna,  tliu  cBplliil,  ii  »iiuiiti'd  nbcml  13  mllri  fVom  tho  ooimt. 
Prcvioui  to  1818  it  wim  a  lurdo  city  with  inoro  than  'tO.OdK  iiilmliifaiitii. 
In  that  year  it  waa  diHtroycd  by  ono  of  tlio  moitt  droodfiil  oarlli«imikn» 
on  record,  and  lO.OUO  [HTNona  |icriiili('d  on  tho  ajKit.  Tho  rily  ia  ro- 
<Civin(f,  uiid  now  containa  al)out  mcliulf  of  ita  furiiicr  (lopulatidii. 

".  I.u(Jimyra*  In  tli«  cliiifport  ofthla  republic.  Maracaybo,  Coro, 
and  Viik'iiciii,  nro  all  conaidcrublo  towiiN.  'I'lio  iaiand  of  Murfruritu' 
ono  of  tho  Icmicr  AntillcH,  bclonga  to  Venezuela. 


Venexutla.  Q,  —  1.  Wliot  dooa  Vcninuela  compriao  ?  Of  whnt  does 
Dm  remainder  eonaiat  /  a.  With  what  ia  it  covired  7  What  graxo 
Ihcro  /  3.  What  aro  the  [leoplo  of  tlio  plaina  culled  7  How  dl  J  they 
diatinf^uiah  tlivinaclvcH  7  4.  Ik'HurilK)  (.'araccaa.  When  woa  it  dc 
•troyed  7  How  ninny  peraona  iioriNlied  7  5.  Dcacribo  La  (iimyra. 
Maracaybo,  &o.    Margarita. 


*  La  Ouayra,  La.gwi.ra. 


(AriiV. 


COLOMBIA. 


197 


lliu  ■iiullii'rn  part  nf  N(W 
ol'  l)i«  lithiiiui  uf  Utrli'n, 


iitlit  (in  tlin  nnrlli  1  ('..Ha.—. 
III. —  WImt  lutlimiiit  coil. 
Ii  urn  tliii  |irinci|ial  rivfr*  ' 
I  thii  IrliBlll  lirt'Ui'll  t  lliiw 
I'ta  I  Wlml  ia  thi'  iiii|miIh. 
m  /  MiiiiifMit  I  lliiMilii  7 
•I'  Aa,— Uliut  niiiiiiiuiii* 
Mt  ranifo  ol  Uiu  AiiUv*, 


rnsfrm  pnrt  of  f 'oloni. 

rlli-<'nitt  briiiu'li  ol'  iho 

n  of  tlio  northern  coant. 

*  of  a  vast  {iliiin,  form. 

iliiii. 

rvH,  nnd  the  Hcrtiim  nf 

I',  on  wliifli  gni/.c  VQHl 

Of  thcHo,  iMiiny  of  Iho 

,(I0()  head. 

ancroa.     Tlicy  are  oil  ex. 

iiiHiii'd  tliuiiiMulvi'i,  in  the 

bravery. 

It  19  milri  (Vom  tho  nonat. 

re  timn  40,01)1)  iiilmliiranta, 

moat  (Ireailfiil  <)nr(li(|imkn« 

lliu  H|M)1.    The  oily  ia  ru- 

iti  furincr  |i(ipulnliiiii. 

piililie.    MaraciiylMi,  Coro, 

'I'lio  iaiaiid  of  Marfriirilu, 

ii'la. 

compriao?  Of  whnt  doc» 
it  covered?  Wlint  graxu 
la  culled  7  IlowdiJtluy 
ccaa.  When  waa  it  dc 
5,  Ocvcribo  Ln  Uimyra. 

•ra. 


I^UAtXJR. 

A.  Till!  RipiMig  of  I'lciinilor  Iun  on  Jxiiti  iii(l<>«  of  |kt 
i(|uaior.  The  dvHiwil  part  of  iIk-  |Hipiilaiion  i<  ronflnrci  to 
ihii  wi'storn  I'onat  and  ihi- vnilo\  -  ol' ihi.  Andri;  wliijo  thii 
iiiMii'rn  portion  of  thu  Irrritory  ut  occupied  by  niilr|M'ndi'nl 
Irihi'ii  of  Iniiianit. 

7.  The  i-iinmtc,  rapfriallv  of  iho  region  around  Quito,*  in 
ihi't  of  p«'r|H'liiiil  HpriUK.  Vcptation  iwwt  crnvn,  mid  thi- 
in-'s  mid  niradowM  nri«  I'rowmd  with  constanl  v<  rdur<'.  Tiiu 
rountiy  JH  dili;<|itfiil,  and  in  called  llin  ivirnntu  tiuiin.  It  [h, 
liowfvrr,  Miilijcct  to  i-artliipiakiH  and  violnit  tiiii|H'<tlH. 

H.  The  <Jiilliipa(f.>a,  nrTiirlle  lalniiilH,  nrn  rhiiiied  liy  llir  KepiiMinof 
Krwiilor.  They  lie  on  lH)lh  aidia  ol'tlie  I'qimlor,  ftlaiut  (!,'>()  nillea  woaU 
ward  iVoin  Mni-'Ji  Aiiierlea.  'I'liiwi  iaiiiiida,  of  which  'J  urn  of  aoino 
>!<«,  enioy  c  aeli|{litllil  cliaiatuj  Ihoy  wiru  rucently  occupied  by  • 
i^tA>iiy  tVoiii  (^iayu(|iiil. 

9.  CJiiito,  the  cnpiliil  of  Reimdnr,  It  liluiitfld  on  tho  lido  of  Mt. 
i'ichincha,  9,000  (iit  above  the  aca.  It  eontuina  hniidaonio  atreela 
and  aipiarea,  and  many  cliun  liea  anil  convcnta,  built  with  nmjrnili 
ccnco  and  taate.     It  liaa  two  univerailioa,  which  arc  well  attended. 

10.  Oimyai|uil,t  on  a  irnll'  of  the  aaiiie  name,  la  the  aea.port  of  thi* 
repiiblie.  It  la  mio  of  (he  nioxt  llouriahiiiir  coinmurciul  towna  of  South 
Amoricu.    Cucncu,  Uiubainba,  and  Utabala,  tto  important  town*. 

Map  ffn.  17. —  What  Imunda  Vcneiuela  on  tho  north?  C,.8«,— 
South  ?  HI.  —  Kuki  I  (;a.  -  Wcat  /  N.-Ga.  —  Wliicli  ia  tho  chief 
river?  ()o.  —  Mow  hmg  ia  it?  How  fur  ia  it  navijfubln  for  alii|M|7 
For  aliKjpa?  What  river  connecia  the  Oriimro  and  Kio  Nejfro?  Co.— 
What  lake  in  the  N,.W.  nart  of  Venezuela  I  Mo.—  flow  Umn  ia  it? 
From  what  lake  duca  tlie  Orinoco  How?  la.  —  What  Indiana  in 
Vtnexuela?  (Ja.,  ("a.,  Oh.  —  How  many  inhabilania  liiia  Caraccaa? 
Coro  ?  Vtth'ncia  ?  Ciimana  ?  What  iahiiid  lielong a  to  Venexuela  I  M». 

What  Imunda  Kcuadnr  on  tho  north  7  N.-Cta.  —  South  ?  N.-Pu.— 
Eaat  ?  III.  — Weat?  P..On.  —  What  ranjfo  of  mountalna  ia  in  tlw 
weatern  part  ?  Aa.— What  two  largo  rivera  in  the  aouth  1  Ta.,  To.— 
Thuio  form  the  Amazon  river.    Iiow  liir  ia  it  naviffabla  for  ahipa  7 


Eeuador.  Q.  —  C,  How  doca  »ho  Republic  of  Ecuador  lie  7  What  !• 
aaid  of  the  civiliied  part  ?  Of  the  population  7  The  weatern  portion  7 
7.  Of  the  tlimalo  7  a.  Tho  (Inllapajfoa  ialanda  7  9.  What  ia  aaid  of 
Quito?     What  doca  it  contain  ?     10.  Deacribu  Guayaquil. 


'  Qui(»,  Kcc'.to. 


t  Guayaquil,  Gwai'.t-ko«L 


I 


lOR 


nucmnivi  asnaiiAriiv. 


f. 


r.rf  .I.I.H1.T  K«w  m«n*  lnh»btt«nt«  h«a  Quilti  I  Whul  thnw  oiltK 
BiimU  r  UtI.IMMI  r«.  Ii  I  M*  ,  «i|..  t'n.— Wlwl  iniHiiitsiii  •oiiili  <>rquiMt 
t^*~TbM  WM  tiirinntly  liotinKlvrixi  th*  hl(ht<a(  tn  Muulh  Aniariu*. 

CJIJIANA.« 

I  OiruN*  rxtondu  rr«»«n  Ihn  Orinoco  lo  tho  Oyn|K»rk  rivrr, 
n  iliRtancu  of  7(IU  miltm,  AlonK  th<^  ronni  lh'<  liml  m  low  nnd 
Isvrl  i  but  in  thn  intvriur,  it  ia  «<l<'vntt'il  iwhI  tnouittiiniMdi.  'IV 
prfxiuri*  iirn  iiiiu;iir,  culti't',  niyfiiuo  ik'pjht,  ami  i-lovtn,  witii 
«  gn-iit  variety  of  tropii'ul  rrnil*. 

a.  'I'liis*  n'Kioii  i^  iliviiliil  iNtwiTii  tim  Brifiiih,  i»ii(  h,  nn.l 
Pivnili.  llritmhtMiiiinu  rnmnriwn  (luicu|fini<'ni)fi;»!ii>|iiil«(,( 
Ih'iiuiriirii,  mill  llirhiif.  'I'li«  Diilch  jwrn-Mmi  Surinam,  nml 
tho  IViiicli,  ('a\iiiii('.{  'I'lio  poptilaliiin  nl"  tlin  liril  hh'Ii- 
tioiUMJ  ii«  iitxiiil  IHI,(MI<I;  ol"  lh«  wicoiicl,  tl.VM)(»  j  and  uf  lliu 
luHl,  yi»,0(MI.     Total,  l»0,(M(((. 

.1.  JJiMrK.ii.wii,  on  Oi'iiurara  river,  li  tho  mpltalorRritlihnulnni ; 
U  ii  II  jiliir  iif  (•oiiHiiliriililft  irmle.  I'nritinnriliti,  on  Niiriiiaiii  river,  i» 
Ilia  c.i|MliU  iirDulcliliiiiiiim;  it  ia  nUo  IIki  liiririat  liiwii  in  Diia  ri'|{iiin 
dyiiniir,  lliii  miiiliil  of  Kn  luli  (Jninnii,  ia  on  tn  laluiitl  oC  tlui  hiiiu 
naiiiti,  wliii'h  i«  \H  niilea  lonir,  unil  1(1  wide. 

4.  Tim  iiinaa  of  (lio  inhiiliitmila  ia  roin|HM(<(|  of  nrnrnfi.  Tlioac  in 
llin  Briliah  lolonii'a  urn  iVro  j  lint  in  Hiirinuiii  unil  Cityi'nne,  II117  an 
Rtill  alnvi'h.  Tim  intnrior  ia  iiiliiiliitcij  by  Muroona,  or  runaway  ncgrut'a, 
and  iutlupvndvnt  triboi  of  Indian*. 

PKKir. 

ft.  Pbki/  in  ono  of  tlw  most  renowned  coimlrii's  in  Soulli 
Am«jri<;ii,  and  Imn  ulwuy*  Ix-en  provorbiul  for  tli«  niciit  woultli 
furniidied  by  itn  nunen.     It  wiw  long  ono  of  tlio  most  vuluubW 

Oiiinna.  Q,  —  1.  Drarrilio  (Jiiiunii.  Tho  prodiicfa.  3.  How  ii  it 
divided  '  Wlint  ii  thn  muouiit  of  |Hiiiiilntion  /  .1.  DvacriliA  (ieorcf. 
lowii.  Piirumaribo.  Cayenne.  4.  What  ii  aaid  of  tJio  inlmbilunl«  f 
The  inlorior  7 


Ptru.  q.  —  5.  What  ii  Peru  ?    For  what  ii  it  proverbial  T    What 
(krthor  li  laid  of  it  7 

•  Ouiana,  Ohe-a'-na.      t  Eiifjuibo,  Ki-io-ko'-Uj.      t  Caytnvr,  Ki  an", 


it  Muiiiiiiiiiii  •iiiiih  <tf  Qiyia  I 

ilKhrat  111  Muulh  AtiMrWki 


M»  le  dM  Oynpnrk  nvrr, 
•oftirt  lh«  Idiiil  i»  Itiw  nnd 
I  ittiit  riKMiiiiiiihoiiK.  'I'ho 
|M'|ijM>r,  nnti  clovia,  with 

Ihn  Rritiiih,  f)ul('h,  niul 
t  colnnii'N  of  l')!«ii'(|iiit)n,t 
li  iMiowMi  Suriiiiiin,  itiiil 
iilmn  nl"  till'  lir"il  inrii- 
Jiul,  (i.\(H)() ;  oiiii  (if  lliu 

•  etplul  of  Rritlah  nulAna  : 

larilh),  on  Niiriiiam  riwr,  i« 

\atgr»l  (iiwn  III  (Ilia  ri'giiin 

im  tn  uIuikI  of  tlw  miiiu 

It. 

♦Miril  (if  nri;rn«'«,  TIkmc  In 
mill  itnil  <  'iiyrniip,  llii7  an 
arounii,  or  ruimway  iicyrufa, 


mcA  countries  in  South 
rbiui  for  the  Ki<'<it  woullh 
}no  of  tho  inoHt  vuluablo 


i«  prixliicti).  9.  How  i(  it 
ion  /  3.  DvncrilMi  (icursi'. 
it  mid  uf  tlio  inhabitant*  > 


At  if  it  proTorbiftl  7    What 


lo'-bo.      t  Caytnvf,  Ki  tn'. 


mo. 


too 


i\a\t»  ami  l,«maa<ni>)tinf  pr'nluu. 

of  th«  5?nflni'«h  Amf  fican  rolonii'n,  nnil  '\%  lh'>  In«t  territory 
in  AnwTH'ii  from  whioh  tho  Hpnniiird!*  wrro  ilrivrn, 

6.  Th«  Andn  r«ng«  through  llie  whnl«  ritent  nt  Peru.  (>n  th« 
riMit  tho  rliinitln  !■  hot,  and  much  ofihn  loil  i*  anndy  nnd  nrid,  Ruin 
•rldnm  fiilla,  nnd  thiindrr  and  liehliiing  arn  iinkm  wn.  On  tha 
high  tablc-Und,  iH'twnin  tho  rlilgra  of  tho  moiintaina,  the  rllmiile  ii 
variniia,  and  Ilia  product*  of  tho  loil  arc  chiutly  Ihoao  of  teinperata 
rrginna. 

7,  Alonir  ilin  Mn.cnnat  tha  agfriculturn  U  cnnAned  rhiefly  to  the 
hnnki  of  tha  ■Imam*  which  dcavcnd  tVom  tho  Andc*.  Whcro  (ho  anil 
inn  tm  watcri'd,  llio  Vi-i;rtation  ia  moat  liitiiriitnt,  nnd  aiir|iri(«a  tho 
Irnvi'lli'r  hy  tlir  iilcnainK  rhnngo  fVom  the  atcrility  uf  tho  dracrt  to  tha 
bright  vcrduro  that  provalU. 

H.  The  I'liipf  produda  are  Indinn  corn,  aitgiircanr,  and  cotton,  with 
tha  fViiit*  of  almoat  (ivcry  rlimato.  Homo  valiiablfl  dyc.wooda  and 
niedicinni  pinnta  are  iiNo  prodiiri'd,  pnrticulaily  thn  IVriiviiin  bark  .ir 
('aacarilln.  Wine  and  brandy  are  tnado  to  aomo  extent,  but  wlioat  and 
fluur  are  ini|iort(id  fVoin  C'liili, 

9.  Thn  lilvcr.ininc*  of  Ccrro  Pnacij  are  the  moat  Important  now 
worked  in  Peru.  There  are  alao  aomo  minca  nf  gold  and  mercury. 
Thr  coinmcrcn  cnnaiata,  fi>-  the  moat  part,  in  the  interchange  of  tho' 
(irecioua  nictala  for  foreign  producta  ana  nianufacturei. 


fi.  What  ia  aaid  of  tho  AndoaT    Tlio  climate  and  prndui;ta  T    7.  Of 
tlie  agriculture  7     The  aoil  T     8   Chief  pruduota  7    9.  The   ntlnet  7 


SOG 


DESCItlPTIVS   OEOanAPIIY. 


10.  Tlicro   M   a  wii.a  of  ^wtl   road*  nn.l  Lri-l^cH   in   Vvrn ;  and 

.'ii.mH.     In  tl.,.  vicimty  „t  l',sc„,  „n,l  close  to  tl.o  .l,„r.,.,  arc  several 
•mall  mmr.di,  abounding  m  tlu>  llrtili/.unf  manuro  callc.l  tJuano. 

Map  No.  17.— WImt  UwmU  (;iiiai.a  on  llic  n(.rll.7     A  .On  —  Th 

hm.  Ml..  Ok, -Mow  l,.i„r  ,nv  fli.  three  (irHl  ?  How  nmny  inliahil^ni 
.a«  (.eorffetnwn  Paranmrib,,?  New  An.Hter.lan,  ?  Cayenne/  Who 
Indians  iiihabil  tbo  Bouth-eust  part  of  Guianu  f  As 


r 


•111 


-At  the  time  of  the  Spanish  coiirpost,  Peru  was  nion- 
extensive  thun  the  modfrn  statu  ol  tlio  .same  name.  It-s 
kings  wore  called  In-ras ;  thfy  wore  held  to  be  n  sacred 
rfico,  to  1x3  descend!  d  from  the  sun,  and  were  adored  bv  thu 
"tooplo.  •' 

IS.  TJie  ancient  Per  avians  were  partially  civilir.cd,  and  cultivated  tiio 
kilful 'i  \r:r7'';    ?''"y  •'"■'l  t-nplf  u.d  rmlae«  of  "lone';  w^^ 

13.  Forty  years  nacr  the  discovery  of  America,  Piznrro,  o 
brave  but  cruel  Spaniard,  invaded  Peru,  at  the  head  of  o 
small  army.  He  put  the  reiirnin-,-  Inca  to  death,  connueret 
thn  country,  and  established  the  dominion  of  his  soverei<rn 

14.  Peru  will,  the  other  American  provinces  of  Spain,  was^lonr 
governed  Ivy  viceroys  appointed  by  the  kin^s  of  that  coun  ry ;  but  "n 
the  year  1821.  the  jn^vple  estal,lislied  e  ^ovcrn.mnt  of  their  o^n  and 

824  't  T1T1  ".-  !"^  ,^"'™"''«"«.  "chieved  their  independencSTn 
1824,  by  tiie  defeat  ot  the  la«t  Spanish  army  at  Ayacuclio 

™nrt%™,/.''y'  ■■■  *?•",:  ^"l'  »"r  '^'^'"^"'^  """  "'"  «'"«'"'  «f  Nortli  Pern 
Confederation,  under  a  chief  magistrate,  Btyled  tlie  Supreme  Protcetor 
n,.ey«arHaftcrward.s,  the  army  of  the  Confederation  was  defeated 
by  Uio  Clulians  at  Yungay,  and  the  Republic  was  dissolved. 

f^mmorcc  7  10.  Of  what  is  there  a  want?  How  are  the  articler  of 
trade  carried  V     What  cxi»=t3  near  Pisco  7  "«  ariicier  oi 

nJ^l  ~*  ^••^'' !' »  ^'^  •^"'i  comprise  ?    What  is  said  of  its  kinire  7  12 
Ofthe  wicntPcruuanB?   IS.Of  Pizarro'   14  Of  P«n.  «nHViP  .u 
provinces  7    When  was  independence  declared  7    Wh"  ^as  achieved' 
.1  Ay*cucho  7 15.  What  took  place  in  18367  Three  yl^i XwmLI 


lAPlIY. 

nd  l)ri<l(rcn  in  Peru;  and 
<1  llic  interior  of  tlic;  coiui. 
on  tlio  ImckM  oC  iimjIi'h  ami 

I  lo  tlio  (iliort!,  arc  several 
lunuru  calluil  guuno, 

llioriorlli?    A..On.  — Th 
'I'liu  princiiml  riv(  r»  ?   En. 

I I  How  niiiny  inlial)itaMs 
tcrdiiin?  Cttyonnc/  Who 

lU?     A8. 


fl'.ipsf,  Peru  was  more 
tlio  saiuo  nnmc.  Its 
3  held  to  be  a  sacred 
id  were  udorcd  by  the 

iiviliwd,  nnd  ruliivatcd  the 
nd  palaces  of  stono  j  were 
ind  silver,  and  construcfjd 
t  of  writing,  i)ut  prcHcrvod 
i  of  painliiigs  and  knotted 

)f  America,  Pizarro,  a 
orii,  at  the  head  of  o 
!i  to  death,  conquere't 
ion  of  his  sovereign, 
nccs  of  Sjjain,  was  lonp 
:s  of  that  country ;  but  in 
mine  nt  of  their  own,  and, 
vcd  their  independence  io 
at  Ayacutho. 

» the  states  of  Nortli  Peril 
rmed  in  the  Peni.Holiv'an 
3d  tlic  Supreme  Protector 
infedoration  was  defeated 
'■  was  dissolved. 

How  ftro  the  articler  of 

is  said  of  its  kings  ?  12. 
I4.0f  Peru  and  the  other 
id  ?  What  was  achieved 
Three  yean  aflerwarda  1 


r 


( 


PERU. 


201 


n  tlio  ^^ 

city      ■  l-^-fir'M^  J:^-— 


LailicK  uf  I.iaiii. 


IC.  Limn,  the  capital  of  Peru,  is  on  tlio 
RMiall  river  liimnc,  7  miles  from  the  i 
and  in,  next  to  Mexico*  the  finest  c. 
Iiuilt  by  the  Spaniarda  in  the  New  World. 
It  iri  regularly   laid  out,  nnd  contuinn 
many  handsome  public  buildings.     The 
clmrehes  and  convents,  thoujfh  robbed 
of  a  prnat  part  of  their  weallh  during      \ 
tlic  revolution,  ntill  present  a  liandHomu  ;   , 
itppcaranee.      In   walking  abroad,  thoi\' 
I.idius  of  I,ima  use  a  peculiar  dress,  in  ■"■  ■' 
which  they  may  disguiHC  themselves  so 
an  to  remain  unknown  to  their  molt 
intimntu  friends. 

IT.Ciizeo,  the  ernond  city  in  Pern,  is 
("ituatcd  far  in  tho  interior,  on  uno  of  tho 
head  hranclies  of  the  Amazon  river; 
lliough  much  decayed,  it  is  still  a  hand- 
tome  place.  At  tho  time  of  tlio  Spanisli 
conquest,  it  was  tho  niotropoli.s  of  the  ancient  empire  of  Peru.  Are 
quipa  is  the  chief  place  of  trade  in  the  southern  part  of  tho  Republic 
Hay,  Its  sea.port,  is  a  small  village.     Pisco  is  noted  fi)r  its  brandy. 

I8.Callno,  tho  sca-port  of  Lima,  is  strongly  fortified.  It  was  tho  last 
place  held  by  the  Spaniards  in  South  America.  At  Cerro  Pasco, among 
the  Andes,  are  the  richest  mines  now  worked  in  Peru :  tlio  town  is  cle. 
vated  L'J.IJOO  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Truxillo  is  a  handsome 
town ;  Piura  is  fimous  for  its  fine  breed  of  mules ;  Caxamarea,  Huaura, 
and  Caxatambo,  all  in  tho  interior,  are  places  of  some  note.  Payta,  one 
ol  the  most  northern  ports,  is  much  frequented  by  American  whale.ships. 
19.  Guamanga  contains  a  university  richly  endowed,  and  Guancavc- 
Ilea  IS  celebrated  for  its  mines  of  mercury  or  quicksilver.  Puno  and 
laci.a  ore  important  towns.  Arica  is  tho  port  through  which  tho 
chicl  part  of  the  trade  of  Bolivia  is  carried  on.  The  other  sea-ports, 
called  tJio  Intermedios,  have  some  commerce.  At  Ayacucho  wid 
Vungay,  important  battles  were  fought. 

\'^P  ^'"^  kl — ^^''^'  '*""'^*  P^'"  «>"  "'8  north  ?  Er.  —  South  7  Ba. 
-Last?  Bl.,  Bu.— West?  P..On.— What  mountains  extend  along 
the  coast  7  As.  —What  desert  in  tho  south  7  Aa.  —What  lake  fornn 
part  of  the  eastern  boundary  7  Ta.  —Which  is  the  head  branch  of  the 
Aiiiazoii?  Ue.  — In  what  lake  does  it  rise  7  Rs.  —  Uow  far  docs  sloop 
navigatior.  extend  on  it  from  the  sea  7  Wlmtistlu  population  of  Lima? 
L.UZC0  7  Arcquipa?  Guamanga  7  Puno?  Crro  Pasco?  Truxillo? 
lacna?  Wliat  are  tlie  ports  from  Oeono  to  Iquiquo  called?  Is.— 
When  was  tlio  battle  of  Ayacucho  fought  ?    Of  Yuiigay  ? 

Ifi.  Describe  Lima.  What  is  said  of  the  ladies?  17.  Describe  Cuzco.&c. 
18.  Callap,  Cerro  PaBCo,Truxillo,&c.  19.VVi,at  is  said  of  GuantanKo. 
tnd  the  otlicr  towns?   What  took  place  at  Ayacucho  and  Yungajr  7 


X 


909 


OE8CRIPT1VB   OE(iORAPUY. 


.142 


BOLIVIA. 

1.  Bolivia,  formerly  culled  Upper  Peru,  is  one  of  the  most 
important  of  llio  South  Amerinan  states  that  threw  oil"  the 
yoke  of  Spain.  It  became  independent  in  18v'5,  and  wun 
named  after  Gcnerni  Holivar,  the  Uberator  of  South  America. 

2.  The  most  lofty  mountains  of  the  New  World  arc  in 
Bolivia;  it  lies  chiefly  in  the  interior,  and  consists,  for  the 
most  part,  of  a  high  fertile  plain  on  the  east  side  of  the  Andes, 
raised  from  8,000  to  14,000  feet  above  the  ocean. 

3.  This  cluvatcd  territory  has  citicH  al)ovc  the  region  of  the  cloiidx, 
nnd  cuttagcH  Riluatcd  as  high  as  tlio  top  of  Mont  Blanc.  It  yieldn 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  barley,  and  potatoes;  the  latter  also  gru'v  wild. 

1.  Cotton,  coffee,  indigo,  and  other  tropical  productu  arc  raised  in 
the  less  elevated  districts.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  and  other  metals  arc 
(bund.  Tlio  silver  mines  of  Potosi  have  been  for  nearly  300  years  tike 
most  renowned  in  tlio  world. 

5.  Lake  Titieaca  forma 
part  of  the  western  boundary 
of  Bolivia,  It  has  no  visible 
outlet  to  the  sea,  above  which 
it  is  elevated  12,71)5  feet 
Tills  lake  is  navigated  chiefly 
by  loats  made  of  rushes 
plaited  together ;  tho  mast 
and  rudder  only  are  of  wood, 
which,  owing  to  its  scarcify 
licrc,  forms  tho  most  valiuw 
ble  part  of  tho  vessel. 

6.  Tho  condor,  the  largest 
of  the  vulture  kind,  is  found 
in  Bolivia  and  other  parts  of 
tho  continent.  Inhabiting 
the  loftiest  summits  of  the 
Andes,  ho  descends  to  tiic 
lower  country  only  in  pur- 
cuitofprey.  Ho  feeds  chiefly 

^°^°'"-  on  carrion  ;  but  also  attacks 

deer  and  other  quadrupeds.  Tho  condor  is  about  33  feet  long  from 
tho  beak  to  the  end  of  the  tail,  and  tho  wings  measure  in  extent  from 
d  to  13  feet. 


Bolivia.  Q.— I.  Whel  was  Bolivia  formerly  called?  What  is  itt 
When  did  it  cxtablish  its  independence  7  After  whom  was  it  named  ' 
2.  Wliat  are  in  Bolivia  7  Of  what  docs  it  consist  ?  3.  What  of  it* 
cities  and  cottages  7  What  docs  it  yield  7  4.  The  other  products  ' 
What  aro  found,  &e.  7    5.  ncscrflie  Lake  Titieaca.    6.  Tho  condor 


APIIY. 


'cru,  is  one  of  tho  most 
itcs  that  threw  oil"  the 
cnt  in  1825,  nnd  wan 
itor  of  South  America, 
he  New  World  are  in 
r,  and  consists,  for  the 
3  east  side  of  tiie  Andes, 
B  tho  ocean, 
re  the  region  of  the  cloudit, 
of  Mont  Blanc.  It  yields 
i;  tho  latter  alHo  gru'v  wild. 
:al  products  are  raiucd  in 
ipcr,  and  other  metals  arc 
;n  for  nearly  300  years  tlie 

5.  Lake  Titicaca  forms 
art  of  tho  western  boundary 
f  Kolivia,  It  has  no  visible 
utlct  to  the  sea,  above  which 
,  is  elevated  12,71)5  feet, 
'liis  lake  is  navigated  chiefly 
y  loats  made  of  rushes 
faitcd  together ;  tho  mast 
nd  rudder  only  arc  of  wood, 
'Inch,  owing  to  its  scarcity 
ere,  forms  tho  most  valiuw 
le  part  of  tho  vessel. 

6.  Tho  condor,  the  largest 
r  the  vulture  kind,  is  found 
I  Bolivia  and  other  parts  of 
10  continent.  Inhabiting 
le  loftiest  summits  of  thu 
indcs,  ho  descends  to  tho 
iwer  country  only  in  pur- 
jit  of  prey.  Ho  feeds  chiefly 
ti  carrion  ;  but  also  attacks 
9  about  3}  feet  long  from 
gs  measure  in  extent  from 

iriy  called?  What  is  itt 
Iflcr  whom  was  it  named  ' 
consist  7  3.  What  of  it* 
?  4.  The  other  products^ 
Piticaca.    6.  The  condor  . 


CHiu.  903 

7.  ChuquisacB,*  or  La  Plata,  tho  capitol,  contains  a  university,  wd! 
Bltcnuid,  and  a  public  library,  siiid  to  bo  the  bcNt  in  South  America. 
La  Paz  is  thu  largest  city  in  Bolivia,  and,  though  situated  in  a  deep 
valley,  stands  at  the  height  of  18,400  leet  above  tho  ocean.  It  con 
tains  a  catlicdrul,  and  several  convents  and  churches. 

ti,  Potoai,  tho  best  known  city  in  Bolivia,  is  elevated  13,000  feet 
above  the  sea.    It  is  but  inditVcrently  built,  and  is  not  ho  llouriHliing  hn 
it  onco  was.    Thu  mountain  on  winch  it  is  situated  is  one  hvigo  silver 
^;  B.ino.     It  yielded  in  25a  years  tho  vast  sum  nf  sixteen  hundred  mil. ' 

liius  of  dollars;  but  it  is  now  lesn  productive  than  formerly. 

9.  Coehabambat  lies  in  a  fertile  and  welUcultivotcd  district,  and  the 
city  carries  on  a  conKiderablo  trade  in  grain,  frniln,  and  vegetableH. 
Cobija,  or  Puerto  do  la  ftlar,  's  tho  only  seu-irort  Bolivia  possesses.  It 
IS  a  small  village,  and  being  situated  in  a  desert  cduntry,  is  of  but 
little  importance. 

^fap  A'o.  17.— What  bounds  Bolivia  on  tho  north?  N.-Fu.,  Bl. 
South?  B.-As.  — East?  Bl.,  Py.  — West  ?  S..Pu.  —  On  what  ocean 
IS  the  south-west  part  situated  ?  Pc— Which  are  tne  principal  rivers? 
Me.,  Bo^,  Ge,,  Py.,  Po,,  Vo.  —  How  long  is  each  of  these  ?  The  largest 
lake?  Ta.— How  long  is,  it?  What  two  mountains  cast  of  Lake 
Titicaca  ?  Sa.,  li. —These  arc  tho  highest  in  South  America.  How 
many  inhabitants  has  the  capital  ?  La  Paz?  Cochabamba?  Potoai? 
Oruro?  What  desert  occupies  tho  coajt  of  Bolivia?  Aa.— Wlut 
tribes  of  Indians  are  in  Bolivia  ?    Ms.,  Cs.,  As. 


143 


CHILLt 

1.  Chili  consists  of  a  long,  narrow  tract  of  coimtry,  situ- 
atcd  between  the  Andes  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  climafo 
is  rcmaritably  fine  and  healthfid,  and  many  parU  of  the  coun- 
try  present  such  romantic  scenes,  that  Chili  lias  been  called 
the  Italy,  and  from  its  fertility,  the  garden  of  South  America. 

2.  Its  chief  misfortune  is  that  earthquakes  are  common, 
and  often  lay  the  cities  and  towns  in  ruins.  Volcanoes  are 
also  Viumcrous:  among  tho  Andes,  fourteen  aro  said  to  be 
constantly  burning. 

7.  The  capital  ?    La  Paz  ?    8.  Potosi  ?    9.  Cochabamba?    Which  is 
tnc  Rca-port  of  Bolivia  ? 

C//i7i.  Q.— 1.  Of  what  docs  Chili  consis"  ?  What  is  said  of  tho  cli. 
mate  7  What  has  Chili  been  called  ?  2.  What  is  said  of  earthquakes 
■">"  volcanoes?     3.  Of  the  soil?     Products?     Agriculture,  &c.? 


•  Chuijuitnea,  Chu-ke-sa'-ka. 
tC/ii7i,Chco'.lo. 


t  Cochabamba,  Co-ko-bara'-ba. 


1 1 


004 


DE8CRIPTIVR   OEOORAPIIY. 


i; 


I 


3.  Tlio  Boil,  except  in  Homo  of  tho  mining  diiitricti,  in  moiitty  very 
fertile,  and  priiiliiccM  ihu  fitieMt  wlicnt  and  otliur  grninii,  bei.idcH  fruilH 
of  yariouH  jtindn,  in  nimndanec.  Wino  in  niiido  to  minio  extent,  and 
agriculture  i.r.u  ilij  riiiMirifj  of  cuttle  ore  uctivtiy  purHiicd, 

4.  The  CliilcKc  nre  a  cdurtcoim  and  polite  [H'oplc,  nnd  appear  to  be 
more  induulriiMiH  und  cnlerpriHinif  tlinn  incmt  of  the  otlitr  uilmliilunlit 
o<'  South  Anicrif-a.  Mini-g  of  gold,  nilvcr,  and  copper,  urc  nunnroua 
Tlie  latter  arc  tltu  iiioKt  abundant  and  profitable. 

5.  Chili  exporlH  to 
Europe  nnd  the  I  niti  d 
8tutCH  fold,  MJIver,  und 
copper,  and  to  IVrii 
grain  and  llonr.  A 
considerable  trade  i» 
carried  on  with  Hue- 
noB  AyrcH  across  the 
AndeH  by  troops  of 
mules,  wliieii  convey 
inerehandisi?,  money, 
^c,  to  u  considerublo 
amount.  In  truvers- 
inj;  thuso  Bliipcndous 
liei|;litH,    tho    aniniuli), 

_A       f    tt.  ■""'  ''^'"'  "'"''■  <J'''ver8, 

r*\en  Blip  fi-om  tlio  narrow,  steep  roads,  which  wind  amonjf  the  moiin. 
lamer,  and  ure  dashed  to  pieces  on  tlio  locks  beneath. 

6.  Tlio  Bouthern  part  of  this  territory  is  inhabited  by  the  Arieaunian 
Indians,  a  brave  and  warlike  race,  who  have  defended  their  liberties 
ogainst  tlie  encroachments  of  thu  Spaniards  over  binco  their  first 
ontronco  into  the  country. 

7.  Chiloo  and  the  islands  in  its  vicinity  belong  to  this  stale :  also  tho 
Tuan  Pcrnandez  islands.  Tho  most  eastern  of  these  is  noted  for 
having  been  the  solitary  residence  for  Bcveral  years  of  Alexander  Scl. 
kirk,  a  Scotch  sailor,  whoso  adventures  gave  riso  to  the  well-known 
»tory  of  Robinson  Crusoe. 

8.  Sontiogo,  the  capital  of  Chili,  is  situated  90  miles  from  the  coast, 
m  a  country  that  abounds  in  the  most  sublime  and  beautiful  prospects. 
Tlio  houses  arc  mostly  of  one  story,  and  surrounded  with  "ardens. 
The  Htrects  are  regularly  laid  out,  and  many  of  tho  public  buildini's 
aro  handsome. 

9.  Valparaiso  is  tho  chief  sca-port ;  it  has  an  excellent  harbour,  and 
carries  on  considerable  commerce.  Valdivia,  Concopcion,  and  Conuira- 
bo,  have  all  some  trade. 


Route  over  the  Andes, 


4.0ftheChilose?  Mines?  5.  Exports?  Trade  with  Buenos  Ayres ? 
6.  Of  the  southern  part  of  the  territory?  7.  Chiloo?  For  what  is 
Juan  Fernandez  noted  ?  8.  Describe  Santiago.  9.  Valparaiso,  and 
tho  other  towns?  ' 


L.. 


•-P-N 


APiiy. 

tg  diiitricti,  i*  mniiAy  very 
livr  ({rniiiH,  ki'kidcN  TriiiU 
iiinJu  to  miiiio  cxli'iit,  and 
Vfly  purHiii'd. 

e  jH-opIc,  mid  appear  to  bu 
t  ul°  tliu  otlitr  iiilialiiliiiit* 
id  coppt-r,  uru  imiiuTuiiii 
.blu. 

5,  Chili  cxportM   (o 
Europe  and  tlio  I  iiitrd 
StutcH  pold,  bilvcr,  :iiid 
;    cn|)pcr,   and    to    !'<  ru 
-     grain    and    Hour.      A 
conKidcrablo    triidc    ix 
r   carried  oii  witli    Uuu- 
f;    noa  AyrcK  across  tiie 
;''  Andc'H    by    troops    of 
,     iniilcs,   wliicii    convey 
incrcliandis(',     luonoy, 
Si,c.,  to  u  considcrublo 
amount.      In    travers- 
ing   thuso   stupendous 
lioiglitH,    the    animals, 
and  even  tlieir  drivers, 
li  wind  ainon^r  tlic  muiin- 
)cneutli. 

inbitcd  by  tlie  Aricauniaij 

0  defended  tlieir  liberties 
Js  over   binco  their  first 

}ng  to  this  state :  also  the 
n  of  thcso  is  noted  for 
'.  years  of  Alexander  Sol. 

1  rise  to  the  well-known 

90  miles  from  the  coast, 
0  and  beautiful  prosjiects. 
urrounded  with  "ardens. 
■  of  tlio  public  buildings 

in  excellent  harbour,  and 
Concopcion,  and  Coquim- 


ado  with  Buenos  Ayrea  T 
1.  Chiloo?  For  what  is 
igo.    9,  Valjiaraiso,  and 


BRAZIL.  905 

Map  No.  17.  —What  bounds  Cliili  on  tho  north  7  Ba.  —  South ' 
'*"•.  ~  '''""^ '  ^■■''^»-  —Went  ?  I'.-On.  —  What  mountains  separate 
Chili  iVom  Uuenos  Aviu»t  As. —What  isluml  IIch  south  of  Chili' 
Co.  —  How  iMig  is  it  I  What  islnnds  lio  we.it  of  Valparaiso 7  J.-l't. 
—What  islaiid  was  tho  r^ihidenco  of  Alexander  Selkirk  /  M,.Ttt.  - 
What  i.slandH  lio  north  of  Jimu  Fernandez?  S.-Fx.— What  is  tlin 
populotiou  of  Siintiiigci?  Vnjpiiriii.io  ?  Conccpcion  7  •  Quillota  7 
t>anta  Rosa  7    8.  FolijK)  7    Vuldivia  7    Copiapo  7 


111 


THE  EMPIRE  OV  BRAZIL. 

1.  Brazil  was  onco  a  Portiiguoso  colony,  but  is  now  nn 
in(Icpoii(I(!iit  omi)iro,  w'cond  only  in  extent  to  the  empires  of 
lUissin  and  China.  It  coniprisis  almost  luiif  tito  urea  of  Soiilli 
.\mericn,  is  nu)iu  llian  tu(;iity-rivo  times  tlio  sizo  of  the  British 
Islttncis,  mid  ratl-.er  !nr<,'er  tlian  Ihn  Unif(>d  States. 

2.  If  is  tlio  only  part  of  tho  New  World  '.hat  was  ever 
governed  by  nn  European  soverei<,'n  in  person.  The  ICing 
of  Portugal  reigned  here  from  tho  year  1808  until  1821, 
when  Brazil  was  declared  nn  independent  monarchy,  the 
sovereign  assuming  the  title  of  Emperor. 

3.  Brazil  is  ono  of  the  finest  regions  in  tho  world,  and 
enjoys  groat  natural  advantages,  in  tho  fertility  of  its  soil,  the 
variety  of  its  vegetable  products,  and  tho  value  of  its  minoruls. 

4,  Tho  interior  is  very  thinly  settled,  and  much  of  it  is  yet  covered 


Croiiing  a  Draiilian  River. 

Braxil  Q.—l.  What  is  said  of  Brazil?  What  docs  it  comprise? 
How  docs  it  compare  with  the  British  Islands  and  tho  United  States  7 
a.  How  was  it  governed  7  What  king  reigned  here,  &c.  7  3.  What  is 
Brazil  7    What  docs  it  enjoy  7    4.  What  is  said  of  the  interior  7    How 

'Uiuitlota,  Ko-lo-ta'.  ' 


900 


nEHCJUIPTIVE   OROOHAPilY. 


li'l 


c 


I 
I 
% 


with  dtiwo  fi)rc»tii.  Roiiila  nro  rare  j  und  tlio  numorom  itraymi  art 
duatituto  of  briJgL'i,  and,  in  nmiiy  luncii,  of  Icrry-ltoaU.  'I'ho  rivoM 
•re  generally  crowed  uii  rallni  while  the  horio  i»  made  to  •wiin. 

5.  The  people  are  moittly  ignorant  and  indolent.  Nearly  all  tl* 
labour  IK  pcrll.riiicd  hy  Ncpro  iiluvoii,  who  coimtitiitc  throctmiw  of  tlie 
population.    The  I'ortugutiic  i«  the  lungungo  njioken  in  llrazil. 

fl.  Agriculture  i.s  in  n  backwunl  .state.  AfiuiuiiicturPH 
•cnrccly  exist  j  l)iit  comrticree  is  nctively  cirric'd  on.  Hw^nt, 
cotton,  colIN',  liidos,  und  other  product.s,  aro  exported  cliidlv 
to  the  Lfiiited  States,  Groat  Britain,  and  Portugal. 

7.  Urnzii  is  rich  in  gold  nnd  |)recious  stones,  nnd  is  tin? 
country  whieli,  next  to  Mexico  und  l'<ni,  has  furnished  tht; 
greatest  amount  of  precious  metals.  The  diamond  mines  are 
worked  on  nceount  of  the  government,  and  supply  nearly  ull 
the  diamonds  of  commerce. 

a  Cattle  multiply  to  an  imnipnno  pjttcnf,  especially  In  the  rcirinn 
called  the  .Sortuiii ;  and  in  the  oxten«ivn  olains  in  tli<^  noiith,  ncir  lU. 
Urando,  soino  of  the  lar(,'(!  farms  have  from  iJO.OOU  to  40  OUO  hcud. 

n.  The  wcHtcrn  part  of  Brazil  ir  culled  Amazonia;  ollhonsli  not  a 
polilicul  diviHion,  the  name  has  been  long  in  use,  and  originated  tVom 
the  rcportH  of  the  early  explorers  of.a  nation  of  AmuzonH,  or  fenialo 
warriorst,  rLKidiii),'  on  the  bunki  of  the  Amazon  river. 

10.  Rio  Janeiro,  on  tlio  b.iy  of  the  namu  name,  is  tlio  capital  of  Brazil, 
tnu  the  inoKl  populous  city  in  South  America.    lu  harbour  in  visited 


Palace  of  Han  Clirittovao. 


arc  the  rivers  crossed  7  5.  What  aro  the  people  7  C.  What  is  said  of 
aCTiculturc7  Manufactures  7  Oimmcrco  7  7.  In  what  is  Brazil 
rich  7  What  is  said  of  the  precious  niRtals?  Diamonds?  8  Of 
cattle  7  9.  The  western  part  of  Brazil  7  How  did  tlie  name,  Amazon, 
originate  7    10.  Describe  Rio  Janeiro. 


ApnY. 

Iio  niiiiioroui  itrofms  art 
if  rcrry.liDalM.  'I'liu  rivor* 
irio  U  iiiado  to  iwiiii. 
indolent.  Nvnrly  nil  Hm 
Dnntitiitc  tlircv.tillliM  of  tlto 
;u  ii|Hikun  ia  ilrazil, 

stato.  AFimuiiicturf's 
'ly  carried  on.  .Sii^ar, 
Is,  nro  f.vportcd  cliiully 
tl  Portugal. 

ious  Htone<<,  niul  is  tito 

rni,  has  furni.shcd  tlic 

llic  diamond  miiips  nn.' 

and  supply  nearly  ull 

,  especially  in  tlio  rpgimi 
ns  ill  tiji!  south,  ncir  iiiii 
ao.OOU  to  40  OUO  head, 
imazoiiia;  altlion|r|i  not  a 
use,  and  originated  fVom 
in  of  AniuzonH,  or  feiualo 
son  river. 

me,  ia  tlio  ciipital  of  Brazil, 
a.    Ita  liarboar  i»  visited 


plo  7    G.  What  is  said  of 

7.  In  what  is  Brazil 

Is 7    Diamonds?    8.  Of 

V  did  the  name,  Amazon, 


BUENOS    AYRM. 


207 


»j  the  vesucln  of  almoct  every  eoinmoreial  nation.  Tim  eity  in  buiR 
Hliicli  in  the  Kuroinnn  xlyle,  Imt  the  Ntreota  aro  ratlinr  narrow.  'I'lw 
KniiH'ror'i  eoiiiitry  palueo,  ni'ur  the  eity,  i»  called  Han  C'hriHtovau, 
iH'ini;  of  a  lit[ht  and  rural  style  uf  architoeturo  :  it  hoa  a  very  pleaaihtf 
ulfeet. 

11.  Baliin,  Pernnmlinco,  Maronhnm,  Paro,  and  Rio  Ornnde,  aro  all 
imgMirtant  nea.nort*.  'IVjiico,  in  the  interior,  ii  tlp>  chief  town,  and 
.Tiitro  of  the  diamond  diHtriet.  Villa  llica.  Villa  Boa,  and  Cuyuba,  arc 
Aeh  lurruunded  by  mining  diitricti. 


Map  No.  17.  — What  boundii  Brazil  on  tho  north  7  Va.,  Oa.,  A.-On. 

-Kant?     A..On.— Went?       Va.,  Kr.,  I'll.,  Ba.,  I'y.,  IJy Which 

uro  tlio  princiiial  rivera  that  flow  into  the  Atluiitie  ocean  I  An.,  Fa., 
I'a.,  S.-Fo.  —  Mow  long  aro  they  7  How  wide  in  tho  Amazon  river  at 
it»  mouth  7  Wliieli  are  tho  chief  branehea  of  tho  Amazon  I  Xii.,  Tii., 
Ala.,  No,,  Ca, —  llnw  lonp  arc  they  7  Mow  far  Ih  the  Amazon  navi|;alilu 
l(ir  HhipH  !  For  HloopH?  How  far  eaii  KloopH  UNeeiid  the  .Madeira  from 
Iho  Kea  I  What  mountaiiiH  exiend  aloiiK  the  coast  I  Ihi.  —  Mow  loii{( 
,iro  they  7  What  are  the  chief  Indian  trilw*  that  inhabit  Brazil  7  T»., 
.Mil.,  lis.,  0».,  Ch.,  Xh.,  Cs.,  Bh. —  What  iNland  at  tho  mouth  of  tliu 
Amazon  7  Jm.  —  Mow  lon({  is  it  7  What  land  wna  lirHt  iteen  by  Cabral, 
Iho  di»coverer  of  Brazil,  in  the  year  l.OOO  7  What  is  tho  population  of 
Rio  Janeiro  7  Bahia?  Pernambueo7  Cuyaba  7  8<rKip|K)  del  Key  T 
What  towns  have  UnfliH)  inlmbitanta  each  7  Pa.,  Mm.,  Ai.,  K.-P!., 
V..Bu.  —  What  district  coat  of  tho  St.  Francisco  river  7     l)d.  , 


145 


BUENOS  AYRES. 

1.  TiiR  states  comprising  tho  Republic  of  Pucnos  Ayrcs 
were  tho  first  in  Soutii  America  that  threw  olF  tho  yoke  of 
Spain.  At  their  declaration  of  independence,  in  1816,  they 
were,  includinj;  tho  Banda  Oriental,  called  tho  United  Pro- 
vinces of  tho  Rio  do  la  Plata;  afterwards  tho  Argentine 
Ucpublic,  and,  finally,  the  present  name  was  adopted. 

2.  The  surface  of  tho  country  consists  of  vast  plains,  calU 
ed  pampas,  which  stretch  from  tho  Atlantic  ocean  to  tho 


1 1.  Which  are  important  ica-ports  7     What  ii  laid  of  T.  juco.  Villa 
liica,  Slo.  1 

ButnoB  Ayrra.  Q. — 1,  What  states  first  threw  off  the  yoke  of  Spain  T 
When  did  thoy  declare  their  independence  7  What  wore  they  first 
called  7     What  afterwards  7    3.  How  fur  do  tlie  pampas  stretch  7     3 


'"'ItSf^'f," 


I 


208 


PKKCHii-nvi!  uKoaii.\i>iiy. 


$ 


aaucho>  catching  Caiilc  with  the  LaMo. 


Andr-s,  nnd  from  north  to  south  through  the  whole  extent  ol 
iho  tcrrilory, 

3.  They  aro  chitfly  d(>stituto  of  trees,  nnd  covered  with 
liigh  grn.sH.  NumeroiiH  limls  of  hursts,  nnilcs,  mul  cnttlt", 
rnnge  over  thenf).  Tim  rhca,  or  Anu-rican  ostrioh,  with  tlic 
jnguiirr  and  Hovcral  kindu  of  deer,  also,  nlwund  on  theso 
plains. 

4.  Tlio  Oiiucltod,  or  inlinMlnntit  of  tlio  pnnipBH,  locH  a  lifb  of  rude 
Inili'iM'iuliiico.  Thi-y  linvo  no  care  in  tcnrUig  or  fccdinjf  caltlo  j  liiit 
imvo  only  to  cattli  tlicin  willi  tlio  Iuhdo,  or  lonj;  kallicr  nofjgc,  to  kill, 
or  drive  tlii'in  to  Dui'non  AyriH ;  nnd,  in  the  iuho  of  liomci,  to  break 
and  mark  tlicni,  that  tlioy  nmy  bo  alUrwardii  known. 

5.  Boof  id  tho  principnl  food  uncd  on  tlio  painpn*;  neither  (frain  nor 
vcjifctalileii  arc  cultivated;  nor  is  Iho  cow  ollcn  made  to  givo  milk. 
FfoMci  nro  lo  numcrouii  and  clicop,  tiiat  every  ono  ridoi }  oven  tlie 
bcff^ar  l>r)|;i  on  horioback. 

*'■  ^^ii'"'  ""**  '""'"y  ■'■•'  "*'"<='•  '"  til"  immediate  vicinity  of  niicnoii 
AyrcK,  Mcndoza,  and  sorno  other  townii,  but  in  a  very  Hlovenly  manner  t 
llio  (Train  boinjf  thrcHlied  by  makinff  cuttle  gollop  over  it.  Fuel  in  m 
Hcarcc,  that  Iho  people  make  their  firei  with  dried  ihiNlleiij  also,  with 
Uio  boncN,  fat,  and  dung  of  oiiimalN. 

7.  Bucnoa  Ayrce,  tho  capital,  ia  aituated  on  tho  aoulh  bank  of  tho 

Of  what  arc  they  dcntituto  7  What  graio  on  them  7  What  aim 
iBounds?  4.  What  of  tho  Gauchos?  Il„w  do  they  catch  cattle? 
5.  Wliat  food  IS  uied  on  the  pampan  7  What  in  Ruid  of  horaes  ?  6.  Of 
•rhoatandlmrloy?  Of  fuel?  7.  Dcacribo  Bueno.  Ayn«  a  Cordova, 
ud  McDC'.'sa. 


I 


ilAl'IIY. 


Mil!  (,aMo, 

gh  the  whole  extent  of 

rees,  and  covered  with 
r«cH,  nmlfs,  (ind  cnttU-, 
f'rican  ostrioh,  with  tlic 
uLso,  abound  on  tlioso 

nnipnn,  Iced  n  life  of  rude 
Ting  or  fccdiiiff  calllo ;  liiit 
lonjf  kallicr  nooiic,  to  kill, 
ho  I'liNc  of  liumci,  to  break 
iJh  known, 

pampas;  ncitlicr  (frain  nor 
oflvn  mado  to  givo  milk, 
every  ono  ridui  j  even  tlw 

mediate  vicinity  of  Diicnod 

in  a  vory  Hlovcniy  manner* 

gallop  ovir  it.     Fiiol  i»  m 

dried  tliiNtleM;  alao,  witli 

on  the  louth  bank  of  tlio 

0  on  thrmT  What  aim 
)w  do  they  catch  cattle? 
t  iH  Ruid  of  horieii  ?  6.  Of 
ueno*  Ayrea     8.  Cordova, 


Rm  dn  III  ri:itn,  about  SOO  milm  fVom  tlio  non.  It  i*  tlio  centre  of 
trade  liir  iIiIh  piirt  or.*<oiiili  AnKrii'i,  and  nirrii'ii  on  uii  exlonnivo  com- 
mrrce  Willi  I  he  I'nilfd  Stiitii  niid  (ircat  liriluin,  expiirtiiij;tuthomlarKu 
>iimntilu':<  ut'  liiiliH,  liiirnH,  and  lalluw. 

H.  C'ordovii  and  Meruln/.ii,  in  llie  interior,  nro  nntcd,  tho  firnt  for  it* 
lUiiverMily,  tin'  only  imr  in  iIiIn  ri(,'ioii,  and  tlr.)  \;M  for  itM  wine  and 
lirnndy,  uml  ili  trailr  willi  Cliili,  wliicli  in  carried  un  ucruM  the  Andu« 
by  nieanH  of  vuhI  druvcH  of  niiilcH. 


Map  A'«.  17.  —  What  country  lien  north  of  Iluennii  Ayrc 
Ka»t?     I'y.,  lly.  — West?     Ci.  — Smitli/      I'll.  ~  What 


ytcn  T  Ho.  — 
ry.,  I  ly.  — West  f  t:i.  —  JSmitli  f  I'a.  ~  Wliat  mountain* 
Hcparate  Diuiion  AyroH.lrnm  Cliili  ?  Ah.  —  What  river  from  I'alaijonii? 
K.-No.  —  I'lom  I'riimiay  ?  Il..|'a.,  I'y.  —  I'Vom  rurajfiiay  7  I'y.,  I'a. 
—  What  Ih  thr  l(iii;lli  of  the  Kin  <!i;  lu  I'lala  ?  I'urana  t  I'aruguay  7 
(.'olorailn  /  Kill  Ncjfro  ?  .Saliidillo  ?  Salado,  and  Vcrmejo  riven  7 
How  wide  is  the  Kin  ilo  la  I'l.it.i  at  itn  nioiiOi  1  How  tiir  iit  it  navi|;a- 
blo  fur  sliipM  f  Mow  fir  in  the  I'unifjiiay,  Ibr  tiliHiim  7  What  i*  the 
population  of  JJuenoit  AyreH  7    Uf  Cordova  I    San  Juun  7     Mendoia  t 


140- 


PAIl.VtlUAY. 

1.  PARAorAY  is  a  fine  fertile  distrift,  silnafed  bctwi^n  tho 
!'(iraj5imy  and  Parana  rivers.  Tho  [lopulaiion  is  composed 
thiolly  (if  Indians  and  Mestizoes,  not  more  than  one-twentieth 
part  bein^  whites.  Vu.st  herd-s  of  cutllo  and  hortics  feed  on 
la  rich  {iluins. 

Vtiragmy.  Q.  —  1,  What  ia  Paraguay  1    What  m  said  of  the  poixi 


<10 


MnoillPTivii  unxiRApiiv. 


■i.  Thin  »Mv  licoiarad  Ita  iiwl<|H  luliiuo  in  IHI.li  »i  ii|« 

■nenvuril«,  Dr.  Frnnria.n  tmtiu!  <i..,|,.,  n.^cinMd  ih.-  uuwvn 
o  0  Uiotiieor,  un.l  riil-.!  i|i*<  |m..|,|.!  luo.r.linu  to  lim  own  wili. 
Ho  dud  III  |||<<  year  Hio. 

H»  «  .11  III,  r.  ...  I..I  mil,  «,>v,„y,  ,„„„„u,„„,j  |„.  ,„„v..r  ui ,mir..|  lo 

«ii»u|Miii.)ii,  anil  iilliniH  niul  bi-ggaty  wuru  unknown, 

Ja    f'A\  '"""  ""'^ '"  "  """""^^'  -.i..«wLi  Mi.iilur  I..  Urn 

i«,fi;  ^." I'l""!''''""'  "'"  ';'''''"'.• '"  ""  '"'•«"'"'•>  '""It  town,  on  iMn  c.M 
iKinh  .>)  tl ,.  1  ..rnKoiiy  riv.  r,  lOOO  ii.iI.h  from  iho  mu.     luxima  l.-uriT 

URUGUAY. 

•  fl.  Tho  Rppulilic  of  Urii«imy  wns  fi.rmcrly  rall.d  tho  Onndn 
Orienla  ,  and  was  attaclir.l  i.,  i|„.  lJ„i,,,,|  Provincrs  of  iliii 
Kio  do  la  I'lala.  Ii  wan  allcrwards,  for  a  tiiiK!,  claiiii..,!  hy 
Hrazil;  l.ut  in  IM'.'H,  at  tlio  rl,)No  of  ii  bl.KxIy  war  Ix  Iwccii 
llio  Uraziliuns  and  tli<.  IJii.nos  Ayrcan.i,  tlio  two  nartic-rt  a«rwd 
to  ltd  becoming  an  indciM'iid.'iit  stato. 

7.  AIoiit«vi(k.o,»  tho  cnpitnl,  ,t„„,|,  „„  the  nortli  bank  of  llio  Rio  dfl 
la  PI.,  a,  n«,|  l„,«  tim  lH«t  lu.rlmur  on  tlmt  river.  It  cxporfi,  ^nai 
(|unnt.li,.«  of   In.lc.  &c.     'r|,„   country  around   thi«   city    in   ilrlilo 

S'lir  .r;:'!.,:'!'.'^^'"'-  '''"'*""'^"''  »"•'  '^'^^-"^  -  •-"  «-- 

a  Oi,  tl,<,  upm.r  part  „f  tho  Uruguay  river  are  tho  rcmoin.  of  Iho 
Mi.Hi.mH  lorni.'.f  l,y  ih.,  JchuIIh.  'ilicHo  c;ontain.d  at  ono  tiino  tliirtv 
lowi.Hniul  100.(1(1(1  Indian.,  who  were  convened  IVom  idolatry.  in»rucU 
cd  in  i,ri..ir.ff  und  mmw  of  tho  unefiil  urt»,  and  diH«ipline,l  ,,«  Hol.lior, 
111  <r  the  '.uroiHiun  inonner.  Dut  thu  town*  uru  now  d.enye.l,  uimI  IIm, 
iiilmbiti.i.lH  reduced  to  le«.  than  ono-toi.th  of  their  former  nui.ibcri 


?  w"l,!tl';i°'"  "'?  •*."!"'  P'-  K'""""^  ^-  "'■  'h"  inhabitant. 
4,  A\  mt  in  the  inoHt  celebrated  production  7  5.  De.cribo  A»Huinpcion 
•nd  tlio  other  townii.  ' 

Uruguay.  Q  ~  (i,  WImt  wni.  IJriiiiTuny  fi,rmcrly  called  7  To  what 
7^J\  "'i'"'.!  ' ,  I'y.what  power  wan  it  claimed  /  What  occurred  ii 
1BS8  7    7.  Dctcribo  tho  capital.    Tho  other  towni.    8.  By  whom  wen 

•  Monlnidtn,  Moii-tcve'-de-a 


xruY. 

Icnco  ill  IHI.I:  nl  iilji 

•',  atKiiMK'd  the  |H)wt!ra 
iii'iliii|^  to  liix  own  will, 

i|>  or  piiriiilr,  nriil,  tlKiiigS 
I  lilN  (Hitvir  litiliiijmirMi  In 
iliiMtit  wvrv  liiii|{lit  rcuil. 
•  olilljfi'il  to  Will  k  at  Doiii* 
nkiiDWii, 

iliriili'il  iiro<liiriion  oflhit 
miliiuw/mt  miiiiliir  to  lli« 
'rit'tt. 

\y  built  town,  1)11  ilin  csnI 
llio  mil.     Ititiiun,  Vur» 

:     lOWIIIt, 


icrlyrallidlhonnndn 
ti'd  I'roviiirrsi  nf  ||,|. 
r  a  tiiiK!,  ('laii)i('d  hy 
blm)dy  \vnr  Ix  twccn 
tlio  two  parties  ugrtrd 

north  bsnk  oftlio  Rio  de 
river.  It  CK|H(rfii  jfnaf 
ncl  tliiK  city  JM  (Lrijiu 
Culonia  uru  iiimll  townt 

aro  tlio  rcfnains  of  (he 
iiu'd  at  ono  tiiiio  tliirty 
(I  IVom  idolatry,  iiiKtriicU 
d  diNi;i|i|im'd  hh  Holdinra 
ru  now  decayed,  iiii<|  tlio 
lioir  former  niiiiilMira. 

9.  or  the   inhohitnntu 
i.  DeBcrilH)  A»iiumpcion 

icrlv  called  7  To  whni 
ed  /  WImt  occurred  ii 
vn».    8.  By  whom  wcrt 

e-o. 


rATAUONIA.  nil 

M'lp  N».  17. — What  river  tliriin  tin'  rimt  hihI  •milli  IhiuiwI  iry  of  P«rit« 
IfUiiy  /  I'll.  — 'I'liK  went  Ixiiindiiry  ?  I'y.  —  What  lro|Hr<  •iliiida  rtPtrly 
lliroii|(li  Ihn  tiiiddlii  of  Wri\ti\i\y  I  <'n.  —  How  tiiiiny  iidmhitiinli  hu* 
Uin  (a|iiliil  1     'I'liK  other  towiu  I     llntv  I'lr  l«  Ihi-  I'arriKuay  iiitvlKaltlu f 

WImt  iMiiindji  llrutfuny  on  ilm  north  t  III.  —On  lh«  •outh  '  R.-Pn, 
-Went  I  |ly..K.—  Kuit  I  III.  —  How  |.,iik  u  ilie  I'ruirimy  rlv»r  t  H. 
—  NvgtoJ  WImt  ill  Ihn  |Ni|ioliili»ii  of  (III  i  ipil.tl  '  Of  Muldon.idu  • 
lluw  llir  ia  it  l>oin  Uruguay  to  iii«  ('ii|hj  uI  OuihI  llupt  1 


■•llori  kllllDf 


r«n|ulni. 


PATAGONIA. 

1.  pATAfloNiA,  tho  Houtlicrn  cliviHion  of  South  Amoricn, 
has  never  boon  explored  e.xcept  nlong  the  const.  Tho  chief 
part  (tf  it  appears  to  l)0  a  cold,  burivn,  and  desert  region. 

'i.  It  in  very  thinly  inhahited  hy  varioun  trit)ca  of  Indinno,  who  arc 
vtiid  to  Im)  rveeneiit  horii|'nieti,  r'ul  arn  unually  deNerilxd  aN  a  nation 
•  rt'  (TiantN,  They  hunt  tho  rhea,  or  iktnvricaa  uitrich,  wliieh  abound* 
in  titc  northern  |>nrl  of  their  uountry. 

3.  Terra  del  Fuepri ,  lyinK  louth  of  PataKonia,  in  moplud  by  t  rilo« 
of  iinHcriiblu  »ava|;eN,  in  tho  lowcit  itato  of  wrctchudnuM. 

iJic  Misfiiinii  formed  7  Tlio  Jeii'i'U  were  on  order  of  Catholic  prloiti, 
who  c!itiili!  nhed  MisHiona  in  vuiioui)  parti  of  thu  world.  What  ii  laid 
of  tho  Iruli;in»7     The  townw  ? 

I'ataponia.  Q.  -\.  What  is  Patajronin  7  What  doc»  tho  chief  part 
■p|H'ar  to  Iki?  '2.  Ily  whom  id  it  inhnbitcd?  What  ii  laid  of  tJiotn^ 
3.  Hy  whom  ii  Terra  del  Fuogo  jicopled  7 


u 


tit 


i>ii«4Nimv«  ulUKiNAriiv. 


lOUTtl  AMt'.RICAN  IMLANIW. 

4.  BotTN'RAMT  rniin  l'ulii|{<>iiiti  nf  «"m  rrti  d^rfiiip*  nl 
Mltntla,  M*nltt'ri'<i  ul  vuriotiN  iInIuik  >  .  i  <i  i||i<  (•iiiintml. 
Tlie'v  coiiij.riiii'  iii«'  i'ltlkliiiiil  Uliiiiil!!,  ntiuili  iJr-irgm,  aiul 

Hiitiilwirli  Liilil. 

ft.  'I'll"  .  liiniiln  «>!  <hi'nt>  inlamU  b  rnlil  iinil  «« vi'rt»,  nnii 
Ihi'ir  iilit.iv»  nrii  i'ii({;p'(i  «ml  liornn.  Thry  nn'  \<ry  >whl<»m 
vimffif,  lui.l,  '•>!  ..|»|  ihn  I'lilklaiiil  gr«c.i|»,  iifi  ntiitiliiiliilrii. 

9  M'ha  Ulirr  rf>tii|iriiii'a  lli»  llnnl  <iii<l  \\  ikI  I'ltlkliiitla,  u  iiIi  many 
•tiijill  r  liUhiU  r  liny  cuiiiiiiii  xiiiii'  iriHxl  liiirlNitir',  hIiiiIi  iilli.ril  ►l»ll«i 
Ut  Urn  •liljM  llinl  iiuviKiilr  ihn  Miiilliirn  •««»,  (innl  llrKuiti  ImA  |nw. 
MMkmol  Ihi'ut  lnlaiiiU  III  In.t.l,  nriil  i  «liiliii>i|iit||  it  •inull  mnlinii  iit  uml 
ftrrUxi  «l  I'l.fi  I,oiii»,  win  r<'  ili<»  i^.m  rii.ir  bUo  ri'ntilK.  |V«|  fur  Aid 
)•  •biiniliiiti,  on  Will  a»  rnlili  uml  liiirxi*.  Tlii'M  nitltiiaU  Hir«  flril 
brniiirhl  iViiiii  lliii'iiii*  ,\yri'«,  iiml  uru  imtv  lirroitiD  wild. 

7.  Karlliir  In  llio  mmiiIi  a,„  \hv  i.I.hmU  ul' Hniiili  Win  lliiml,  Himlli 
Orkiiry,  I'aliiKr'ii  (.»ml,  aiiiMJrulittm'a  I.aml.  'llii,.j  Uumi  ull  Uvii 
ill«ii»ircU  •iiii'ii  Hut  yciir  iHia. 

8.  They  arn  il. «i>|i»(<i,  iierilo  rrgloni,  rovi nil  rvrn  In  niiilaiiinmrr 
Willi  lio  inil  ■HOW,  and  af«  iiiili  liiiiilnl  by  n  •lii|{|i)  liiiiiimi  Ik  inif. 
I  hulr  »liortii  alx.iiiid  in  .iiinc  ixlinit  witli  liiu  l^r-^tal,  and  ■la-iliulianl, 
iMaldca  va«l  iiiiii|lHjr«  ol' iR'iiKuina. 

9.  VfiwU  (V.mi  Hldiiiiiifioti  and  dilur  portii  In  N«w  rinnland  Imvo 
Ovijiicntrd  lliKmi  Ulmida  r.ir  iIk.  iiiir|HMiii  i>r|iriH'iirinK  "">'".  "m'  (^f  n( 
which  am  vtry  rum  iiiiil  vnlinililf,  but  ao  many  liava  been  dvalroyvd 
lliat  thry  aru  now  Icaa  nbiiiiduiil.  ' 

Mup  JVo.  17  —  ll.iw  U  Pulajtiinln  Uiiindod?  Whirh  am  ita  «hl«r 
mora'  <.'«.,  I*..|)<'.— Wlmt  trilK'a  inlmbit  IK  IV,  Ma.  —  Wliiil 
lalanda  lie  to  Ihn  ruatward  I  Fd.  —  What  utrniu  ariiaratn  thia  r<'«iiin 
iVnm  'IVrra  dri  Fiiign  f  ,Mn.—  WImt  luliiiid  on  tliu  went  roant  t  Wn. 
—WIml  inland  iniit  of  Terra  dtl  Finjo  /  H..Ld.  — WImt  r.  I.  brot.ii 
Ck|w  aouHi  of 'iVrra  dil  Fingo?  Ilii.--Thia  caiio  ia  tliu  umithcrn 
lutrcinity  of  Ilcrnilt'a  Inland.  . 

.    Map  No.  I.  — VVc.lcrn  lioniiaphrr*. —  Which  la  tlio  nioiit  northoriu 
JraliHin  »  l.iind,  or  llic  FalkluiiJ  Inica  7    F..I».  —  Th,.  nn-il  aniiihcrii  ; 

<»..Ld.  — Which  nro  the  rnoat  caatrrn  iolanda  7     H..I,d Which  ia 

the  moat  diiUnt  iVum  l'atn|;onia  7     N..Ld. 

SouM  Amtrifan  hUi.  Q.  — -I.  WImt  do  tlir»n  inUnda  rompriacj 
3.  What  la  auid  of  tlic  cliiimto7  What  do  tlm  Fulklnnd  Manda  con. 
Iftin7  0.  Whiii  lolhn  liitlcr  comprinr  7  lontiiin  f  What  ia  aald  of 
■'««  Britain?  OfiM-at?  (^attlB  and  hnrHc«  /  7.  WImt  ia  ftrthi  r 
to  iho  aoufh7  8.  What  nro  they  rovcnd  wilh  7  In  what  do  their 
•hgrca  abound  7     D.  Wliat  ia  auid  of  vvaacla  from  Stoninglon,  &c.  7 


l^Hm. 

N  iVtiiri  III"  titiiiiiKiil. 


roltl  nn«t  wvrro,  and 
'I'liiy  iiri'  very  m^Moih 
I,  iirii  tiniiiliiiliiiril, 

i'Dl  ^'itlklniilx,  u  illi  iimnr 
li<)ur>,  ultii'li  ulV>>ri|  >lii  III  r 
Uriiil  llniiiiii  iiKiV  |NHi. 
I'll  It  miiiill  HI  nil  Mil  lit  uiiil 
il»o  rinlilm.  I'liii  for  l\i>il 
riii'it)  iihiiiiiiU  Hir«  tlr«l 
rnniD  Willi. 

ii'  MhiiIi  Hill  iliiiiil,  H<jiilli 

ill.      'I'llt'MI    ItUVU   all    kH.'l.ll 

ri'il  rvrn  In  niiilanmmrr 
'  u  dliigln  liiiiimii  IxiiiK, 
l\>r>4V'al,  and  aia-i'luplMnt, 

rt«  In  N«'w  r:iiKland  Imvn 
iHMiritiK  miilii,  ilui  Airi  nl' 
tiijr  Imva  been  dtnlroycU, 

n  Whkh  art)  iu  ihlcf 
I  It?  IV,  Mil.  — WIml 
rniu  *r|iiiritta  tliia  n'tflmi 
■III  tliu  wmt  ciMNt  t  Wii. 
I..M.  — What  01  li  lirati  ,1 
hit  Gu|ia  i«  tliu  miutlurii 

lich  Id  tlio  iiioiit  nortliorit, 
».  —  Till'  iiii/st  •iiiiilivrii  I 
ill  /    «..I,d.  _  Wl.idi  i. 


llimo  inlnnil*  rnmpriicf 
m  rulkliind  lalaiidii  con. 
ntiiln  I  Wlmt  in  naid  of 
•»  '  7.  WImt  ii  ftrtlicr 
'llliT  III  vvlmt  d't  tlii'ir 
>oin  HtoninKlun,  Stc,  1 


KUIIOPK. 

1.  I'iVRorii,  thoMftn  th<>  Mrnall"Mt  urilx'  thrfo  grrnt  divistionn 
of  tli«  rnitnrn  conliriciif,  in  tho  lii'i  m  itii|H)rtatii:u,  lliu  nu«l 
thickly  |)c<i|>l('il,  iitiil  llii   JH'st  ciiltiviiti'il.  * 

a.  In  nuxlirn  limcn  it  Imx  Uiit  ilic  point  from  whii'h  civil, 
ixution  iitui  kiiowii'il^it  Iiuvd  Ikiii  i-xitml,  i|  to  ntlxr  imtuiiiit, 
iitid  its  I'liiinriint!*^  Imvn  i>c<i|.|«hI  all  tho  civiliawd  countrii-*  of 
till)  otlior  purtK  of  ih«  world. 

H.  l'Airo|)o  i-t  dci'ply  pc'iictrnti'd  l»y  larfjn  iiilnnd  wnn,  ntwl 
niitiKToiis  null's,  wliicli  atllird  un'ixl  tmtiiml  ndviiiitii>i;is  lor 
i'oiiim<"riM(il  piirmiits.  Its  interior  ri'Kiotis  tin)  will  wiuon'd, 
lhou)fli  iiutic  of  till"  rivrrs  aro  of  the  lirst  itmKiiifudf.  Tlii- 
iiritiripnl  riv<'rH  oro  llio  Volj;n,  Dot),  Dnieper,  Danubi',  Tagus,. 
Loire,  Uliinc,  IUioi)(>,  KIbo,  and  Vistula. 

4.  Tliou({li  tlin  gurfaro  of  Kuropo  h  j^rfiilly  ilivi'rsificd,  ycl 
lliit  iiioiiMtains  am  iiifi-rior  itt  oxtciit  and  elevation  to  those  of 
Asia  and  AtiH>rica.  The  principal  rnti^^es  nro  tho  DolVafiolds, 
Alps,  Carpathians,  Apennines,  and  I'yrtniooii. 


Europe.  Q.— 1.  Whut  ii  Eiiroua?  9.  Wlint  haii  it  Ix-cn  In  inn<1«rn 
time*  7  3.  How  in  It  ptmctratod  7  What  in  nald  of  ItK  jatorior  rrifioni  7 
Which  are  tho  {iriniipiil  rlvvra?    4.  What  i«  iiniil  of  tliu  niountnin*' 


314 


OEBCnirTIVE   0£(>0RAPJ1Y. 


Ml 


i-'.i. 
n; 


t 


Wild  BcoltiBti  Ox. 


Wild  Miianion  Shouii, 


.,..f.'„  r^i  .^  """""'''  "^  ^'"""^  "°  ''■''•''  "'  n""'l>"  "'an  those  hf 
mrnio  of  the  o  her  quarters  of  the  cnrth.  The  horse,  am,  dog,  nnd  oat. 
came  oriff.nally  from  Amu ;  but  the  ox  and  the  sheep  ore,  pn)b..bly.  of 
native  orij;.,,.     A  few  of  the  wild  Scottish  oxen  are  Htill  Z's' rvxd  in 

iSdill'iiX'ind';^^'^'  ^"^  '''  "'"'"'""^  -  -"»  «'-•'•  '^ 


Bearded  Vulture. 


Uviidcn  Englc. 

of  t'Tihil'''^*."''  '^"'■«P<',':«"iF'f«  1  ni>mbcr  of  diircrent  kinds,  many 
of  «  „ich  a  so  abound  m  the  neighbouring  regions.  The  boarded  vi 
me  .s  the  largest  of  the  European  birds  of  prey.  It  i  fold  am  ,  - 
.  the  h.ghcst  summits  of  the  Alps,  and  destroys  sllcop,  la  n  s  -oaK  'r": 
a  her  anm.als.    The  golden  eagle  frequents  tlie  Jiri  ish    sle;:Tnd       . 

:Si'^c^Stiii;^Jra-^r^;-^^^^ 
Siic^i^f'^^'Aft^r^" '"''  ^^"'"^  '-'^  ^"'"  ^^  -2^^ 

7  The  cultivation  of  tlie  .soil  l„is  Ik^ch  carried,  in  many 
parsofEiiropo,  to  groat  pcrlection,  and  lias  been  rondorod 
Highly  productive  in  all  the  necessaries,  and  most  of  the 

5.  Of  tlio  animals?    6   Birds?    7.  Cf  cultivation?    8.  Manufactures 7 


RAPIIY. 


Wild  Miianion  Shofji. 

ss  in  number  tliiin  those  of 
riie  liorse,  ohs,  don;,  nnd  nat. 
Iho  sliccp  ore,  probiibly,  of 
oxen  iiro  Htili  prcKorvcd  in 
musiiion,  or  wild  sheep,  is 


Uviidcn  Engle. 

;r  of  diirercnt  JiindH,  many 
cgions.  The  boarded  viii. 
prey.  It  in  Cund  nnion;;' 
fs  sheep,  Imril/s,  jjoals,  nnii 
tlio  liritisli  isles,  and  (lie 
itork,  ihiMiinjfo,  spoonl^ill, 
.  Tiie  turliey  was  brouKbl 
fowl  from  Asia,  and  tiic 

I)ocn  carried,  in  many 
nd  lias  been  ronrlorod 
rics,  and  most  of  tlie 

ition  7    8.  Manufactures  7 


EUROPE. 


215 


nixuries  of  life.  Grain  of  various  kinds  is  raised  in  all  quar- 
ters, except  in  the  extrctno  north;  wliilo  the  vine,  olive,  mul- 
berry, und  orange,  (lourish  in  the  south. 

W,  The  amount  and  variety  of  the  manufactures  of  llie 
European  nations  are  unrivalled;  and  by  mimns  of  the  exten- 
sive commerce  carried  on  by  the  maritime  stales,  they  are 
distributed  over  almost  every  quarter  of  tliu  globe. 


149- 


0.  Thou^'h  Europe  was  the  latest  portion  of  the  eastern 
continent  tliat  received  the  light  of  civihzation,  yet  it  is  now 
the  centre  of  refinement  and  learning.  The  most  useful 
inventions,  the  finest  productions  of  genijs,  and  the  im- 
provement of  all  the  sciences,  belong  to  tnc  people  of  this 
region. 

10.  Universities  and  colleges  arc  numerous  in  almost  nil 
European  countries.  These  provide  for  the  higher  branches 
of  learning,  and  are  generally  on  a  larger  scale  than  any  in 
America.  Some  of  them  are  endowed  with  extensive  funds, 
valuable  libraries,  and  botanic  gardens;  and  attract  many 
students  from  various  quarters,  of  whom,  some  are  from  our 
own  country,  and  other  parts  of  the  world. 

11.  In  several  parts  of  Europe,  the  common  branches  of 
school  education  are  much  neglected,  and  the  lower  orders  of 
the  people  arc  not  so  well  instructed  as  in  the  United  States. 
Numbers  of  them  arc  unable  to  read  or  write ;  and  in  some 
countries  they  are  extremely  ignorant  and  bigoted. 

12.  Schools  for  instructing  the  poorer  classes  are  most 
numerous  in  Prussia,  Switzerland,  Holland,  Uelgium,  nnd 
.Scotland.  Jin  the  latter  country,  more  of  the  people  receive 
a  learned  education  than  elsewhere.  I'higiand,  Cieniiany 
und  France,  excel  in  literature  and  science. 

13.  In  almost  every  part  of  Europe,  great  distinctions  of 
rank  prevail  between  the  upper  and  lower  classes^  ':>r  tiociety. 
Orders  of  nobility  are  established  everywhere,  except  in 
Switzerland,  Norway,  and  Turkey,     Nearly  all  the  Individ 


9.  What  is  said  of  Europe?     10.  Of  universities  and  eoIlogcsT     11. 
Comma"  branches  of  education  7     12,  Wliure  are  schools  most  nunier 


2ia 


DESCRirTIVE    OEOORAPIIV. 


k 


m\h  bolongiiiK  to  these  rosido  in  8|)letulid  mansion«,  and 
enjoy  every  luxury  which  muncy  can  procure;  whilst  the 
(Kwrt-r  classes  lodji;c  in  menu  cDttajic.s,  and  ciirn  u  very  scanty 
subsistence  by  the  labour  of  their  hands. 

1'^;  '''h'.'  re!if,'i(in  ofKuropc  is  almost  entirely  Christian,  ex- 
cept  in  'J'liikey,  where  Ihc  iMahonnd.in  .system  is  established. 
Tiio  Christian  eliurch  comprises  threis  '{,'reat  divisions;  the 
Calhoiie,  tlu!  rnilestnnt,  and  (he  (Jreek  ehureh.  The  ad- 
herents of  the  first  amount  to  aJHuit  I'JU  millions,  the  second 
to  f>7  millions,  and  Ihe  last  51  millions,  'J'here  are  also  about 
")i  millions  of  Mahomeilans,  and  X!i  millions  of  Jews. 

1 ').  i;iirr)|i('  cnnipriscs  (il  iiKlrprndc  nt  Rl.itcM.  Of  tlirsr,  .T  nrn  Em- 
piric, 10  Kiii;r,|,,ii,s,  7  (Jriiml  Dii.liics,  1  Klcctoriilo,  II  DucIucb,  1 
Latul),'nivi,ilc,  II  I'fiiuiiralilics,  I  F.ord.sliiii,  1  Eccloiiisiiial  Slate,  and 
9  lU'piililics.     'I'iic  population  of  lliu  whole  Ih  about  2411  nnllions. 

10.  'I'lic  Bt.itM  «vliirli  rank  liit;licst  in  iniportancn  iirc,  (ircat  Britain, 
FriintT,  liuHsiii,  Austria,  and  Prussia.  'J'Ihhc  arc  (■ailed  the  five  Great 
Powers.  'J'licy  direct  and  emilrol  tlic  atfairs  of  tlic  wliole  continent, 
and,  more  or  Icbb,  intlucnco  the  destinies  of  every  civilized  nation. 


151) . 


Map  Ko.  18.  —How  is  Europe  bounded  7    Which  is  its  iRrfjest  city 
dnd  river  7 

Franco  . , . .  Rounded  7— Capitol  ? 

Spain Bounded  ? — Capital  7 

I'ortujfal  . .  Hounded  7 — Capital  ? 
Austria  . . .  Bounded  7 — Capital  ? 
Prussia  . , , .  Bounded  7 — (<'apital  7 
Switzerland  Bounded  7 — Capitol .' 

Italy    Bounded  7 — Clapital  7 

Turkey  .  . .  Bounded  ?— (;a|iital  ? 
(ircccc  ....  Bounded  7 — Capital  7 


Norway  . , 
Sweden  . . 
Russia'  . . . 
Denmark  . 
Holland  . . 
Bcl^rnun . . 
Enphind. , 
Scotliind  . . 
Ireland . . . 


Bounded  7— Capital  7 
Bounded  7— Capital  7 
Bounded  7 — Capital  7 
Bounded  7 — Capital  7 
Bounded  7— Capital' 
Bounilcd7— Ca|)ilal7 
Bounded7— <;apital7 
Bounded  7— ('ajiital  7 
Bounded  7 — Capital  7 


Where  is  the  White  sea  7  Baltic  sea  ?  North  sea  7  Irish  sea  ? 
Mediterranean  sea  7  Black  scu  .  Sea  of  Azov  7  Sea  of  .'Marninra  ♦ 
How  lung  is  each  of  these  seas  r     \S  here  is  tlie  Archipelago  7 

Where  is  the  Rulf  of  Bothnia  7  G.  of  Finland  7  (.'.  of  Venice  » 
IltA  lonjT  are  each  of  these  7  Where  is  the  fra"'"!'  I)antzick7  G.  of 
Lyons  ?  (J.  of  Genoa  7  G.  of  Taranto  7  Where  is  the  bay  of  Biscay  ' 
VVluTc  is  the  Cattcpat  7  'i'hc  Skafjer  Rark  ?  St.  Georffc's channel  J 
English  Ch.  7     North  Ch.  7     Channel  of  Constantinople  7 

ons7  13.  What  is  said  of  the  distinctions  of  rank  7  14.  Of  rcli-Tion  7 
How  is  il  divided  7  li  What  dets  Europe  comprise  7  16.  WhicJi 
«iaU»  rcsk  bigheat  ? 


lAPIIV. 

ilerulid  mansions,  and 
M  procure;  whilst  the 
niid  L'lirn  u  very  scanty 
ds. 

t  entirely  Christian,  ex. 
»  Mvsleni  is  estahlisliod. 
H!  great  divisions;  the 
r'ck  ehiireh.  The  ad- 
2',i  millions,  tlio  second 
'J'lierc  are  also  about 
iiillions  of  Jews. 

toM.  Of  tlipsn,  n  nro  Em- 
Klfctonile,  II  DiicliicB,  I 
1  Ecclt'siiiHtical  Slate,  and 
is  uliuut  341)  inillions, 
irtiiiirn  lire,  Great  Britain, 
ic  are  ('iilliil  lliu  live  Great 
rs  of  tlie  wliolc  continent, 
every  civilized  nation. 


Which  is  its  largest  city 

. . . .  Uonndcd  ?— Capitol  ? 
> . . .  Bounded  ? — C^apital  ? 
I  . .  Hounded  ? — (  apitui  " 
. . .  Bounded  7— Capital  ' 
...  Bounded  ? — ('apital  7 
ind  Bounded  ? — Capitol .' 
. . .  Bounded  7 — (Capital ' 
.  . .  Bounded  7 — (4i|iital  7 
...  Bounded  7 — Capital  ? 
North  sea  ?  Irish  Bea  ? 
izov  7  Sea  of  Marninra  7 
tlie  Arcliipelajjo? 
•"inland  7  (•'.  of  Venice  T 
Cuh'of  Dantzick?  G.  of 
icre  is  the  b:iy  of  Biscay  ? 
f  St.  Georffc'sjChannel  7 
stuntinupiu  7 

rank?     14.  Of  rcliprjon  7 
!  Cbuiprise?     16.  WhicJi 


EKROPE. 


sn 


Where  ii  the  itrait  of  Dover  T  S.  of  Olranto  7  S.  of  the  Dardanelles  1 
S,  of  Enikale  7     S.  of  Oihraltar  ?*     How  many  mitct  vn-    <■>  the  lost  / 

Where  is  tlie  Pctchora  river  T  The  Dwina  7  Oneija  7  Tornca  T 
Dal/  Duna?  Nicinen  7  Vistula?  Oder  7  Ell»o7  Weser?  'Uliino? 
Tliarnes  7  Shannon  7  Seine  7  Loire  7  Garoiuie?  Douro?  Ta;,'u»? 
(Juadiana?  Guadalquivir?  Ebro?  Rhone?  Fo?  Danulx)  7  Diiiesterf 
Bojf  7   Dnieper?   Don?    Volga?   How  long  Ih  each  of  tlicHO  rivers? 

Where  is  lake  Onega?  Ladoga?  Pcipus?  Woner?  Wetter  i 
Geneva  ?     How  long  is  each  of  theuo  lakes  ?  ' 

Where  is  the  peninsula  of  Jutland?  OfthoMorca?  The  Crimea 
WImt  peninsula  south  of  the  Bay  of  Biscay  ?  Sn.,  PI. — West  of  th 
Gulf  of  Venice?     ly.  ' 

Where  is  cape  Sviatoi  ?  North  C.  ?  The  Naze  ?  C.  Clear  ?  Land's 
Knd?  C.  Fini.Htcrre?  C.  St.  Vi.icent?  C.  do  Gatt?  C.  Tculadii' 
C  Piissaro  ?    C.  Matapan  ? 

Where  is  Iceland  ?  Tim  Loffbden  inlonda  7  Faroe  isles?  Shetland  T" 
Orkney  ?  Hebrides,  or  Western  isles  7  British  isles  7  Isle  of  Man  f 
Anglojica?  Scilly  inlands?  Balearic  Is. 7  Majorca?  Minorca? 
Ivica?  Corsica?  Sardinia?  Elba?  Liparils.?  Sicily?  Malta? 
Ionian  isles?  Corfu?  Cophalonia?  Zanio  7  Cerigo?  Candia  7 
Milo  7  Naxio  ?  Negropont  ?  Lcinnos  ?  Where  is  Aland  7  Dago  T 
Ocsel?    Gothland?    Olund  ?    Rugcn?    Zealand  7    Funcn? 

Where  are  the  Dofraficld  mountains  7  Ural  ?  Pyrenees  ?  Co. 
vennes?  Auvcrgne?  Cantabrian?  Sierra  Morena?  Sierra  Nevada? 
Alps  7  Apennines  ?  Carpathian  ?  Balkan  ?  Toll  the  length  of  tho 
ranjrc,  and  tho  heights  of  those  that  have  figures  attached  to  them. 

What  people  in  tho  northern  part  of  Russia  7  Ss.  — What  three 
races  aro  partly  in  EurojH!,  and  partly  in  Asia  ?    Bh.,  Kb.,  Cs. 

How  many  miles  from  Iceland  to  Norway  ?  From  Norway  to 
Greenland  ?  Scotland  to  Labrador  7  Ireland  to  Labrador  7  England 
to  Newfoundland  7    Franco  to  Canada  ?    France  to  Nova  Scotia  7 


151 


SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 

1.  Sweden  and  Norway  are  now  yTiited  into  one  king- 
dom, and  are  under  the  control  of  the  sume  sovereign.  Tiie 
government  is  a  limited  monarchy.  Each  state  has  its  par- 
iicular  constitution,  its  own  laws,  and  a  national  legislature. 

Sweden  and  Norway,   Q.  —  1.  What  are  Sweden   and   Norway? 

•  Seamen  call  this  passage,  by  way  of  eminence,  tho  '  Straits.'    A 
hip  bound  for  the  Mediterranean  sea,  is  siud  to  "go  through  tho 
StraiU.*  or  up  the  >  Straits." 
2C 


fcOjwa^'ilhrijii.iii 


>  rt<i<ihlii^Bafc<i 


SIS 


DE«CRirTIVE   aBOGKArilY. 


I. 


3.  This  region,  the  ancient  Scandinnvia,  forms  a  viist  pen- 
\na\xU,  boundej  on  tho  one  side  bv  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and 
on  tho  other  by  the  Haltic  sea.  The  cHtmitf,  tliough  severe 
in  winter,  is  heallhlul;  nnd  many  of  tho  inhabitants,  espe- 
cially of  Norway,  live  to  a  gn-at  afje.  Extensive  foitista 
cover  a  large  part  of  tho  country,  und  but  a  small  portion  of 
it  ia  suited  to  agriculture. 

3.  Formerly,  ffrain  wai  icldom  rniocd  in  Ruflicicnt  quantities  to 
•upply  tliu  wunti  oftlic  pcupiu;  and  in  liic  nurtliorii  diHtrivlH,  piiic  liurli 
or  ni(i)«<  wan  lomctinici  mixed  with  Hour,  in  nmking  bread,  to  iricruiiHu 
tlic  (|iiunti.y ;  but  that  ii  no  longer  the  cuau,  unil  grain  i^i  ot\rn  ex- 
ported. Tlio  southern  lectionR  arc  the  most  fertile,  and  produee  pota- 
toes, barley,  oats,  ryo,  and  sonio  tobacco. 

4.  Sweden  has  but  few  manufiicturcs,  and  Norway  still  fewer.  The 
working  of  tho  mines,  tho  cutting  of  timber,  and  tho  firiherien,  form 
tho  chief  branches  of  iiidustrv.  I'lie  commerce  is  active  und  exten- 
sive.    Tiio  chief  exports  are  iron,  Ktee!,  copper,  timber,  und  (ish. 

.5.  The  hubitR,  manners,  and  chiiraclcrs  of  the  Swedes  and  Norwe- 
gians have  much  rcHrmblnnce.  Tiiey  are  lively  and  ch('i'rfui  in  dispo- 
sition, polite  und  hoHpituble  to  strangers,  and  arc  strongly  uttuclicd  to 
tlif^ir  resjicctivc  countries. 

G.  Tho  religion  of  both  nations  is  the  Lutheran.  Education  is 
general,  and  the  chief  purl  of  tho  lower  orders  of  tho  people  are  able 
to  read  and  write.  Amongst  the  |>casantry,  c<rery  man  is  liis  own  car- 
penter, shoemaker,  blacksmith,  &.c. 

NORWAY. 

7.  Norway  was  united  tu  Denmark  in  tho  year  1380,  and 
continued  to  form  part  of  tho  Danish  monarchy  until  1814, 
when  it  was  annexed  to  Sweden.  It  is  one  of  tho  most 
mountainous  countries  in  Europe;  nnd  abounds  in  sublime 
and  romantic  scenery . 

8.  Near  tho  LofTodcn  islands  there  is  a  terrific  whirlpool  in  the  sea, 
called  tho  Malstrom  or  Miclstrom,  which  sometimes  draws  in  shij>!i, 
w  well  as  whalog  and  otlior  animals,  and  dashes  tliem  on  tlic  roclu 
beneath. 

9.  Christiania,  which  stands  at  the  head  of  Christiania  firth  or  gulf,  25 
miics  from  tho  sea,  is  the  capital  of  Norway,  and  the  scat  of  tho  storthig, 
or  national  legislature.    It  contains  a  univeri«ity,  a  cathedral,  a  p.alace. 

What  is  tho  government  7  2.  What  d(K?s  this  region  form  7  What  is 
vaid  of  forests  ?  3.  Grain,  See,  7  4.  Of  m.-inuf  leturcs  7  What  arc  tho 
chief  branches  of  industry  7  Of  the  commerce  7  5.  Tho  liabits,  maru 
liers.  See.  7     6.  Religion  7 

7.  V«M,cn  was  N.irway  united  to  Denmark  7    Annexed  to  Sweden 
8.  Uescribe  tho  Mklstrom.    9.  ChristiarJo,  Dcrgcn,  Slc, 


lY. 

I,  forms  a.  viist  pen- 
\(luiitic  occiin,  and 
rniiti',  tliougli  severe 
[)  iiihabitnnt.s,  cspc- 
Extensivo  loit'sla 
t  a  small  purliun  of 

luflicicnt  quantities  to 
L>rii  (liHtrictH,  pine  liurli 
iking  bread,  to  iru tuiihu 
inil  grain  \*  utUn  ex. 
lilo,  and  prudticu  puta- 

rwoy  »till  fewer.  The 
nd  tlio  firihcrieH,  form 
a  is  active  und  extvn. 
timber,  und  CihIi. 
ic  Swedes  and  Norwo. 
'  nnd  cheerful  in  dispo- 
rc  Htrongly  attached  to 

thcran.  Education  i^ 
of  tlio  people  are  ablo 
ry  man  is  liis  own  car- 


NORWAY. 


910 


•rvcral  chur^hcn,  and  other  public  buildings.  Its  trade  is  rhiony  in 
limlier,  tar,  and  tho  prodiico  of  the  mines.  Dorgcn  and  Dionthnim 
nro  tho  next  imnortont  towns,  Ilammcril'at,  on  tlio  island  of  Qualoe, 
is  the  most  northern  town  in  Europe. 


Cliritlisnia. 

Map  No.  18.  —  What  bounds  Norway  on  tho  north?  A.-On. — 
South?  S.-Uk.— East  r  Sn.  — Went?  A.-Un.  — What  mountitins 
on  tliu  cttHt?  Dd.  —  IIow  long  and  high  are  thoy  ?  What  islands 
north  of  tho  Arctic  circle  ?  Ln.  —  Which  is  tho  chief  river  ?  tin. — 
How  hmg  is  it  ?  What  is  tho  |)opulatinn  of  Bergen  ?  Christiania  ? 
DrontheiiU  ?  Kongsbcrg  ?  Which  extends  iVthcut  north,  Norway  ur 
Sweden  ?     Ny. 


152 


I  the  year  1 380,  and 
anarchy  until  1814, 
is  one  of  tho  most 
abounds  in  sublime 

c  whirlpool  in  the  sea, 
!timc8  draws  in  shijiii, 
les  tlicm  on  tlio  roclu 

'istiania  firth  or  gulf,  25 
the  scat  of  the  storthig, 
,  a  cathedral,  a  palace, 

cgion  form  ?    What  is 
cturcs  7     What  are  tho 
?    5.  The  habits,  man- 
Annexed  to  Sweden 
gen,  &.C. 


SWEDEN. 

1.  Sweden,  though  enclosed  by  high  mountains  on  the 
north  nnd  west,  is,  in  general,  a  flat  country,  much  diversified 
by  lakes  and  rivers.  Tho  northern  provinces  are  bun-en, 
.ind  thinly  peopled ;  while  tho  southern  arc  much  more  fertile, 
containing  some  thickly  settled  and  well-cultivated  di.stricts. 

3,  In  science,  the  Swedes  liavo  attained  conHiderablo  distinction. 
They  have  cultivated,  with  great  urduur,  botany,  chemistry,  and  min- 
eralogy; and  their  learned. men  arc  particularly  well  versed  in  tho 
languages  of  other  nations,  'i'hey  have  also,  at  different  |)criods,  been 
noted  tor  thtir  martial  spirit,  and,  under  sumo  of  their  kiugs,  bave 
acquired  great  military  rcnowiL 

3.  Stockholm,  the  capital,  is  built  on  several  small  island*  and  pen- 
insulas, near  the  entrance  of  Lake  Malar  into  tho  Daltic  sea.     It  has  a 


Sweden.  Q.— 1.  What  is  said  of  Sweden  ?    2.  Of  science,  Ac? 
3.  Describe  Stockholm.   4.  Gottenburg,  &o.   Islands  in  tho  Baltic,  Ac. 


330 


DKMCRIPTIVB   ai-.(>«RAPIIY. 


•arc  end  •ominoditiiii  Imrbniir,  and  on  extrnRivo  trade.  Tho  city  nvn- 
taiiM  Oio  royal  palace,  and  a  nuniliir  oi'  dilirr  |iul)lin  hiiililinKN.  'I'lia 
hangar,  iir  Rn-at  iron  warclioiiKC,  ii  rciiiurkublu  fur  the  iiiiiiii'niiu  qimu- 
Uty  of  that  ar  iciu  do|Hmitcd  in  it. 


f&<^'^' 


Uluckliolia. 

4.  Oottenburf;  li  tho  occnnd  town  in  Swrdcn,  in  trado  and  popniiw 
lion  Cnrlirrona  in  the  Ntnlion  of  tho  Swc'dinh  navy.  Dpsiil  ih  note* 
lor  its  univcritity,  and  Fnhlun  for  its  rop|K'r-iiiincK.  S'cvirnl  iNJiinda 
in  the  Bultic  wca  lii'lonj;  to  Sweden,  at  dutu  alno  tho  inland  of  St.  Uar. 
tholomow  in  the  Wt'»t  Indici. 


LililanUeri  Travt:lliu|. 

LAPLAND. 

5.  Laplaml  is  n  cold,  dcsoliifo  region,  lying  north  of  tho 
Arctic  circle.  It  belongs,  nominally,  to  Sweden  and  Kiissia  j 
out  such  nro  the  sterility  of  tho  soil  nnd  tho  poverty  uf  the 
liooplo,  that  they  arc  left  to  themselves,  and  arc  not  under  the 
cognixancc  of  any  general  government. 

6.  The  Laplanders  arc  of  short  stature,  being  generally 
under  five  Ibel  in  hciglu.  They  are  a  simple,  harmless  pt-o- 
pie;  greatly  attached  to  their  native  country,  and  arc  never 
known  to  leave  it.  War  is  tlieir  aversion,  and  no  instance 
has  over  occurred  of  any  of  them  becoming  soldiers. 


. 


S.  What  is  8aid  of  Lapland  7    What  ii  said  of  the  soil,  and  peopla  7 


trailp.  The  cily  cnn. 
M'u:  hiiil<lin);ii.  'I'lia 
Ltr  the  iiniiii'iiHu  quuii- 


in  trade  nnil  pnpniiw 
navy,  dpaiil  in  not''* 
iiiCH.  S'cvirnl  JNlniKta 
tlic  inland  of  St.  Bar 


lying  north  of  tlin 
wi'(kn  and  Kiissiii ; 
the  poverty  uf  tluj 
J  arc  not  under  thu 

■c,  being  geneniily 
ipie,  harmless  ptjo. 
itry,  and  are  never 
n,  and  no  instance 
ng  soldiers. 

^the  mil,  and  peoplo  I 


ftUUIAN    BMPIHR. 


*iil 


iiTvv.** 


7.  Tho  reindeer,  wliicli  tliuy  train  to  drow  ilirm  in  iluditPii  over  Ilia 
•MOW,  litrm  tlicir  ricliun.  'I'lu!  lli'nli  and  milk  riiiniirimi  tiii'ir  fund,  and 
ilio  ikini)  (lair  Airnitiiro  uiid  L'l<itliiii(r.  Tho  LaiiliiiidcrN  inuve  ul>uut 
Iroiri  placu  to  pbcc,  with  thiir  herd*  orrciiidocr,  und  lulduni  rixidu  in 

IdWII*. 

«.  In  Niitnmcr,  thry  livo  in  ^,  • 

iiiiu,  iiikI  ill  wiiitrr,  in  rudu 
liiii^,  rortiK'd  of  Rioni'ii  mill 
iiirth,  mid  covered  with  turi; 
'I'lui  villiijjm  arc  vury  (iiiiall, 
M  liloiii  r  iiitiiiiiinii  mora  than 
lUU  or  'Mn\  inlmtjitanlH;  and 
liiu  whole  nation,  thou|;li  occu> 
|iyinj{  a  eouiitry  uIiiioNt  iim 
iirije  OH  Friuieu,  doen  nut  v\ 
>TC'd  3(),UUU  imIividiMili). 

0.  ThcHo  pcoplu  havn  been  : 
Mcnrly  all  ronvrrled  to  I'liriii- ' 
liiinily,   and    are,   generally, 
iittaelicd  to  ilH  diiticK.   Anioii)( 
iliein,  (freat   crimen   arc   nil- 
known.    They  never  u»o  proflmo  language;  and  objcrvo  tho  »ubbuth 
very  Birictly. 


Luiilunilur'*  Ti-iit. 


Map  No.  18.  — What  boiiiul*  Sweden  on  tho  north  ond  wewt  7  P.. 
Ms.—  Kant?  O..Ha.,  R.Sa.  —  South  f  U.-Sa.  —  Whieh  ure  tho  prill- 
ripal  rivers  of  Swei'eii  7  Ta.,  Kx.,  La.,  Sa.,  II.,  La.,  1)1.,  (*a.  —  Tell 
llid  IcngUi  of  eneh  of  these.  Tho  chief  laken.  .Mr.,  Wr.,  \Vr.— 
Il.iw  long  uro  tlie  two  Ian  ?  What  in  the  population  of  Sloekholni  7 
liotlcnburg  7    Uullo  7    Carlscroiia?    Calinar  7    Upsal  7  ond  Fahlun  7 


153 


RUSSIAN  KMPIUE. 

1.  The  Russian  Empire  comprises  nearly  ono-half  of 
KuioiK!  and  Asia,  and  part  of  North  America.  It  reacL^s 
Imlf-way  round  tho  globe,  and  embraces  oncscventh  of  tho 
land  surlaco  of  tho  earth,  and  tho  onc-twenty-scventh  part  of 
its  entiri!  surface. 

2.  This  state  has  been  much  increased  within  tho  last 

fi.  Describe  the  Loplandcm.  7.  What  i>  MJd  of  the  reindeer  7  8.  ri ow 
do  tho  Laplanders  livo  in  luinmer  7  In  winter  f  What  in  noid  of  tho 
villogoi  7  Of  tho  whole  notion  7  9.  To  what  huvo  the  people  been 
converted  7 


Ru$$ian  Empire.  Q.~\.  What  does  the  RuMian  Empire  comprise? 
Ilow  far  doe*  it  reach,  &c.  7    3.  What  ii  aaid  of  iU  imreage  7    Of  ito 


''Uiiitn  Army. 
70  yonM,  by  the  nnnoxntinn  of  Finland,  a  ^ront  pnrt  of 
I  olmuJ,  and  various  c'mtricls  of  Turkey  nnd  IVrsiii  lu 
[.o|..ilalion,  which,  10(1  years  a-o,  was  estimated  at  only  15 
inillion.s  now  numlters  lour  tinir-s  that  amount. 

•|.  Tho  inhabitants  (tonsist  of  a  ^miWr  variety  of  difU'rcnt 
nfitions,  than  m  to  Ik;  f,,un.l  un.ler  any  <,ther  government  in 
(heword.    T  inr.lii,.r -m,.,.^  :.,  i/ :_  i.       •'^ 


the  world.     Tho  chiel  races  in  l-Un-opean  Russia  ar<!  Hussians, 
•H,  and  Cossacks.     Tho  hitter  form,  in 


I'oies,  FinnH,  Tartars,  „.„.  v..,a.-,.,,  k«.      i„o  laiier  lor 
time  of  wur,  a  most  efTieient  part  of  tho  Russian  army. 

4.  I  ho  established  religion  is  that  of  the  (Jn^ik  church, 
hut  nil  others  arc  tolerated;  and  there  are  to  1x3  found  in 
Russia,  Catholics,  ProtesfaiKs,  IMahomtidans,  Jews,  and  Pa- 
Knns.  I  lie  government  is  an  absolute  monarchv.  The  Em- 
p.-ror  \H  tluHiead  of  church  and  slate,  and  is  styled  tho  Auto- 
crat  of  all  the  Russias.  All  power  emanates  from  him,  urul 
he  13  conceived  to  derive  his  authority  from  God  alone. 

0.    I  ho  military  fierce  of  this  empire  has  Ion.'  l)ccn  tie 

ouu,(iii()  men.     Ihe  naval   force  consists  of  between  200 
and  aoo  vessels  of  various  kinds,  of  which  00  are  ships  of 


poptila  on  100  yeari  ajro?  .1.  Of  what  Jo  the  inhabltanti  cotuirtT 
Jumc  .1,0  chief  raceN  4.  Wm  in  .aid  of  tho  religion  ?  fJo'p^menl  f 
1  ho  Emperor?    5.  Military  force 7    Army?    Savy?    6.  I'he  W^ 


C 

ui 
N 

It 

tv 

IT 

til 
Ql 

T 

ac 
in 
w 


mi 
Cc 

eri 
no 


4riiY. 


r 


md,  n  ijront  pnrt  of 
<f!y  niici  IVrsid.  lu 
cstiiniitcd  at  only  10 
mount. 

•r  vniicty  of  difliTont 
iitlicr  government  in 
Russia  nro  Hii.s.siun.s, 

Tho  liittor  form,  in 

Hiissiiin  nrmy, 
jf  tlio  (Jntili  cliurch, 

nro  to  1k5  found  in 
dan.s,  Jews,  and  Pa- 
innarchy.  Tliti  Em- 
id  is  styled  tho  Auto- 
mates  from  him,  arul 
om  Ood  alone, 

has  long  ixjcn  tlio 

nmoimts  to  nlmoHt 
sts  of  between  200 
ich  50  aro  ships  of 


i«  inhabitant!  consist  7 

iliffion  7    Government  f 

Navy?    6.  The  com. 


■UUIAN   IMPIRI. 


»3 


6.  Tlio  commorco  is  extensive,  and  is  increasing.  Tho 
exports  aro  tatlow,  hemp,  suij.cloih,  iron,  timber,  and  jjrnin. 
Tiio  mnnufuctures  have  hitherto  Ix-vn  rud«»,  and  chiefly  con. 
fmed  to  fabrics  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  but  of  luto  yours,  cotton, 
silk,  and  woollen  ^oods  of  various  kinds  have  U«n  made  to 
some  extent,  as  well  as  jjlasn-waro,  porcelain,  paiwr,  iScc. 

7.  Gold  and  platinu  are  found  in  tho  Ural  moun'uins,  anrl 
•ilver  in  Siberia,  and  copper,  lead,  and  iron  aro  mi-t  with  in 
various  quarters.  Tho  value  of  the  precious  metals  mined 
is  about  lO  million  dollars  annually,  tiult  is  extensively 
made,  es|)ecially  in  the  Crimea. 

6,  Gnat  fhiri  are  held  in  liifToront  pincci,  winch  attract  vait  crowili 
of  merchant*  and  trudcra  (>om  all  |mrlii.  'J'liu  iiilund  coMiiiiorco  m 
nmrh  fkcililated  by  tliu  nuniiri)ui  rivcr»,  cunulii,  and  Iiikeni  and  by 
the  (inow,  in  llio  winlur  loaiion,  over  which  lll^i^r|l■  travel  with  grciit 
rapidity.  Tho  cliiet'  internal  triido  ii  with  China,  rcmiii,  Tartarv, 
Turkey,  &o.  Several  rail-r-juda  aro  new  in  iirngreai  uf  cunNlnirtion.' 
^  9.  Tho  Rcul  and  aturKoon  fuhcrici  of  tho  river  Voljfa,  and  of  the 
Caspian  and  llluek  nenii,  aro  cxtcnaivo  and  very  productive.  lJpwardn 
of  10,(100  liiihiMj(.l«jut»  uro  oinpioyod  on  tho  Volga  ulono.  A  HtiMin 
Navigation  C()iii|iiiny  Imi  been  formed,  lor  tho  pur|H)iio  of  intMdiieinjf 
•teani-venMela  upon  tho  varioua  loai,  lakeii,  and  rivers  of  thii  emiiire. 

10.  Tho  grt>at  body  of  tho  Uussian  p«;oplo  is  divided  into 
two  classes,  nobles  and  slaves.  Tho  former  oio  ollen  enor- 
mously wealthy,  and  live  in  great  luxury  and  ..plendour; 
tho  latter  are  tho  propirly  of  tho  nobles,  who  reckon  tho  value 
of  their  estates,  not  by  tho  numbor  of  acres,  but  of  slaves. 

11.  Tho  ilavoii,  or  boon,  aro,  fijr  tho  moat  part,  groNnly  ij^norant. 
They  are  rudo  in  tht'ir  inannern,  filthy  in  their  habitu,  and  niucli 
addicted  to  intoxication.  Yet  aoino  of  tlieiii  pon»c«i;  greiU  facility  of 
imitation,  and  huvo  been  found  capable  of  copying  lorao  of  tho  llnoa* 
work*  of  art. 

12.  In  education  and  refinement,  Russia  is  greatly  behind 
tho  rest  of  Kuropc,  but  is  believed  to  bo  udvanciii}^.  Con- 
siderable exertions  are  made  by  tho  government  to  introduc/; 
schools,  and  instruct  the  lower  orders  of  tho  people.  There 
are  seven  universities,  atid  numerous  seminaries  of  tho  higher 
class. 

mefco7  Manufactures  7  7.  What  U  Raid  of  gold,  fcc?  Silver  7 
Copper,  iStc.?  Suit?  8.  Of  fairs?  Inland  coiiiiuefco  ?  'J.  Fi.h. 
ericg,  ice.  7  10.  How  is  the  people  divided  7  What  ii  said  of  tlit 
nobles?    The  slaves 7    H.  Duncril*  ib'-shves     12  f)f«rtiic»ti'.n  io. 


134 


nwcmi  rivH  uimoiiAFiiri 


Hu>»i«n(  lv«vin|  Momdw. 


RUSSIA  IN  EUROPE. 


RpiRiA  in  Kiirojie  U  nn  oxtf>niiivt'  ri-gioii.  It  sln-fclicfi  from 
tho  Unllic  .sill  to  the  I'riil  Muiintdiiis,  jiikI  is  ulHtiit  )'i|iml  in 
urea  to  nil  tlin  otiicr  Kiirti|x'iiri  MhU-h.  'l\w  mirCiwo  is  goiM*. 
roily  luvcl ;  ita  clm-f  li'iitunH  ixinj^  vii^f  |)lniiis  ntid  lnrt;i' 
rivers,  with  nuincrmis  liikcs  in  iju!  iiorlh-wi'sicrn  quarter. 

y.  In  tho  nortliorn  provincfn,  it  is  intcnsiiy  c<iU\  in  winter, 
and  mostly  Iwirn^n;  while  in  the  soiilhern  the  elinialu  is  rnilii 
Olid  plciiMiiiit,  and  tlu)  Noil  is,  in  ^'cneral,  highly  productive, 
yielding  largo  crops  of  whrat,  rye,  onts,  &c. 

8.  Tho  cold  nnd  dn/iry  islands  of  Novn  Zem!)ln  nnl 
Spitzlx^rgen,  Ijolong  t<j  Uiissia;  they  lie  northward  of  thi; 
Arctic  cireje,  and  arc  not  inhahitrd.  'i'hey  K-hound  witli 
white  b<!ars,  n'indcx.'r,  weals,  Aic,  and  are  a'^irted  to  hy  hun- 
IcrH  and  fishormen.  The  islands  of  Aland,  Dago,  and  Ocsel, 
in  the  Baltic  8t;n,  also  form  part  of  this  empire. 


RuMla  in  Europt.  Q.—  l.  WImt  ii  mid  of  tliii  country  ?  Of  the 
•urflicn  ?  a.  Tho  nnrtliern  pnrtH  ?  8«iulhorn  7  3.  Of  Nova  Zcinbin 
and  Spitxbcrjfcn  7    WImt  of  Aland,  .Ac.  7    4    Wlul  ii  laid  of  tho 


I 

I' 

n 
11 
■ 

II 
e 
II 
il 
Ii 
•J 

ll 

II 

II 

al 
w 

a 

e: 
II 

il 

H 

w 

CI 

•-•I 
II 

t> 
M 
V 


iir. 


T 


•n.  It  Jtlri'tclvcd  frnin 
il  is  ulHiiit  ('i|iml  in 
'111!  mirfiico  is  ^^ol]v^ 
\ht  plains  niid  lar^<' 
wi'slcin  quarter. 

risrly  cold  in  wiiitff, 
I  the  cliiimte  is  milii 
,  hinlily  produclive, 

Novft  Zt'm!)Ia  nnl 

f  norlhwuitl  of  thf 

'i'liey  K'homul  willi 

roortcd  to  liy  jiuii- 

iil,  Diiijo,  and  Oosi.1, 

rnpire. 


till*  country  T    Of  the 

r    3.  Of  Nova  Zcinbla 

Whtt  il  laid  oC  tlio 


■UUIAN   BMPIM. 


83ft 


4.  VmI  furailt  nbotiiid 
in  Ttrlnut  |iarta  oC  Idiii- 
•III.  'i'licid  lUrnloli  Utg* 
II  11(1  Mviiiol  Willi  \»tga 
.ii|iiilif»  of  liinlirr,  |iitc)i, 
Inr,  >\r.,  wliii'h  Hrn  itnl 
«f)  ((Jlicr  fiarti  .if  Kurnfm, 
The   iialiitntmnii  of  the  Huantn  Viiiii(« 

Ji.wiT  i.ril.T«,  ..iK-i  inlly  in  lh«  vilhgrii,  tro  fiirmnl  i.f  ihn  rough  trunlit 
ol  trcM,  niKl  r.-.i  ml.li!  pil.>«  of  Ugn,  rather  lliin  hiim«n  liulillalinn«. 

V  Rt,  IV(rr«l.iirf,  Ihn  rapitnl  nf  Hii.«iii,  U  •iliintnl  nl  lli- .•.inHiirn.n 
.It  thr  rivir  Ncvu  with  ihctiiilf  of  Finluml.     It  w«»  II.iiikI.mI  In  I7U.T, 
I'Y  Icier  lliniireiit,  niiil  ii  now  a  imidMillci  ni  niv,  wiili  iiuniiriiii* 
\>a\avfD,  rlnirrlir»,  nnil  ullirr  iilirt.rn.    It  |«  iho  |ifhirni,il  pUic  of  cuiii 
I  It  no  for  thti  ciiipi.r,  mid  the  icut  of  lU  luariiiiig  unJ  ■viunv*. 

1.  Monniw,  the  old  c.ijk 
il  il,  wa*  oii<'  of  iho  luri^rat 
I'liicN  in  l')iiru|Hi.  It  J* 
noted  liir  lli'i  irri'at  con. 
Il.i|rritti(in  ill  |hU>,  on  tha 
a|ii>ruttrli  of  the  French 
uiidiT  \ii|iiilron.  It  in  nov» 
ri'  arly  n  luijlt.  Oiiu  of  it* 
nirioniiii'H  it*  t|i<<  gri'Bl  l«ll, 
till!  Iiirijcst  in  llm  wnrlilj 
It  i*  07  lit t  nmnil,  I'J  Tout 
lii(;h,  uiid  wi'i)(hii  nearly 
'Jiiil  tonn.  Aiiionir  tliu  pub. 
Ill'  liuiliiini;iiurc  tlio  Krt'in> 
liii,  nlid  tliu  rliiiri'li  uf  ISt. 
Il.inil;  the  l.itl(;r  in  rcinurk. 
al'lii  liir  Iho  ittculiiir  ityle 
of  itK  nrtliilit  tiire.  churr i.  ..r  «..  ii...,i 

7  Cr.in-taJi^  on  M»  UUnd  b  Um  Gulf  sf  I'uilmid.  S3  milci  from 
the  copiliil,  in  the  chief  utation  of  the  Kiiimiun  nnvy  :  it  in  noted  for  ill 
rxinimvu  (ortilicniioiii,  do.  kii,  nrienali,  Ac.  Ri,r,»  ,„u|  Mei.iel,  on  th 
Hiliic,  Arclmnnel,  on  tlio  White,  and  Odeimn,  on  tho  Illiirk  leo,  ar> 
ii'iporlimt  «ett.|i<)rt!i.  Tho  latter  carrier  on  a  Kr.ul  trade  in  wheot 
»<  vuHtopul  II  tho  chief  Ntation  of  the  liiixiian  lleel»  in  tho  Dlack  ictt. 

8.  Tiilii  in  noted  fiir  in  great  nmnufttctory  of  fire.ariiii.    Noviforol 
woi  400  viari  ajro  thu  larKeit  city  of  northrrn  Kiiroix..    Keiv  won  th 
capita   of  UiiH,itt  when  il  wan  f>iily  a  (Jrand  Duoliy.     VViliia  wai  the 
:ai|it:il  ol  Lillmania,  ond  Kazan  of  wcufern  Tnrtary.    Narva,  Poltava, 
«nd  Borodino  wero  noted  battle.ftcldi ;  tho  tint  two  battleii  wiro  loujrhl 

JircHU?    Of  tho  habitationn,  &c.?    5.  Ocicril*  St.  Petcriburir.    «. 
Mofcow.    Tho  great  bell.     7.  (.'ronitadt,  and  thu  other  town*.    H 
I  uls,  Novgorod,  &o.    What  ii  wid  of  Narva  &c.  f 
3D 


r 


TM 


DRatKirri'.  ■  uMiMiR4rMV. 


Mwr«n  lh«  Mwrtir*  ami  ItunuiK,  iiimI  iId'  Uiiir  b»lwf**n  im  I'niMh 
•iitl  HiiuUMs,  during  Iha  in«««t<Hi  liy  IN  l^ii|«iriif  N«t»ulw, 

Mtp  N:  11  -Wb«l  bfwiwi*  RiimU  dm  Um  nofih  >  ^.^h^,  — WI14I 
HM  uii  (li«  ••Kiih  ;  nil.,  A*.  ~Wh«l  M*  •ml  (t.if  iin  (Imi  w^M  '  tt- ^ 
III,— WliMl  Mta.  on  lliv  tMi  '  I'l.  — What  t%ytt»  H>rrii  Iha  Miiiilt- 
•Mt    bouiHUr;  '       Vs.,   Ih). — VVhal  rtvvra   Anw   indi  tlia    Wlitia   ava  ' 

M*.,  Ihi.  t»«.  —  Tli«  (uir  ur  KiK«  '  l>«.  —  Uiiir  uC  DxhUk  k  '  M*. 
—  iMurAft**'  Uii,  -  -  iiUcli  ■«•  r  l>r.,  It«,  Dr.  — 'IVII  Ihv  U'liui'i 
of  all  llitau  rivi'fa.  Which  ar*  lh«  lliriB  |iriiii  i|Ntl  laki  •  '  (ht,,  fiv, 
fa.  —  lluw  liHig  la  tarhf  What  i«  lli«  |Ni|iiiJ>tli>iii  ol'  Hi.  IV*i  labiirK  I 
MiMCow  r  KaMnr  rriinatnitl  r  (hkuiir  iti(«  r  Wihi«r  OrtI' 
Waraaw  r  Oni'iiw  f  l.iililiii  '  On  what  gull'  U  Mt.  I'vlrriljurtf  ' 
Criitialuill  '  •htl  KcteH  Ktl.  —  ll»w  l<.ii|{  la  It  f  ll>iw  loiif  la  Jul 
|ull' uf  Ihilhiii*  f  White  ar«?  Illtikatd'  On  whul  ritvr  i*  M<ia. 
enw  f  'rhi<  iilhri  rhii-i*  ritlrt  f  Whrri  wrrti  IIm  .•..'va  of  Naiva, 
I'ulUva,  and  Ibrmlino  liiU|{lit  I 

I'o|,ANI». 

I.  pDiUAHn,  .itK'o  an  Mit|HiriMiii  ainti*,  wnn  coiKiin'rifl  iiikI 
dividt'il,  in  till)  yi'iir  17W!i,  U imiii  UiitNiii,  I'rimain,  niul  Aiw. 
Irin.  Ill  iHjft,  ihii  <inlral  |iiiit  of  I'liliiniJ  wim  cntlid  into  « 
kinuiloiii,  aiilijirl  lo  iho  ICiniHriir  of  Khmiu,  wIio,  in  conwv 
f|iK'iic<-,  atlilni  to  liiM  titli!  t!;:a  it'  Kiiit{  uf  i'oliiiiii. 

'2.  T>i4i  tyriinny  of  thu  Kuh^iaiin  priiviii|(  odDiim  lo  (Imj 
Piiltii,  th«'y,  in  l\»)  yi-ar  IHMll,  iitli'in|it«tl  n  mvoluiion ;  but, 
artrr  ili'liiitinn  tlwir  o|»i»n'»M<ir!»  in  wvitiiI  IiiiiiIi-h,  »<■«)  m 
length  (i\i'r|MiWi'ri'il,  ami  forctil  to  Mitlniiit.  I'liliiiul  1.1  now 
riuTi^i  il  in  Uimwiii,  niiil  no  lon;;('r  cxiMlii  hh  a  iH'|Mirute  Htiitu. 

3.  Many  <>r  '.ho  Pullah  |iu(riiita,  iirvfi'rring  eiilo  ami  pnvrrty  abroad, 
lo  op|*ri-*aiitn  a(  honiv,  havu  riiiiKritti'il  tu  ulhur  parU  of  liio  wurld, 
■nd  Miiiiu  now  ri'Nido  in  Iho  Ilniud  Siali-a.  During  iho  war  ol'  ttw 
Aiiirrii  all  KcvoEiition,  two  I'-ihah  gi-nurula  of  diatintlioti,  Koaiiiiako 
and  I'ul.iNki,  runie  lo  thia  roiinlry,  and  tuuk  port  with  the  Aincricanii 
in  Uie  contcat  with  Great  liritain. 

4.  The  proplr,  ai  in  Ruaaia,  are  divided  into  (wo  cla«an«,  nnbloa  and 
•lavea.  'I'lio  iiobb-a,  who  aro  more  niiini'ruua  than  in  any  ollu'r  couii. 
try  in  Kuro|K!,  huvo  alwaya,  in  Iho  cvo  of  llie  world,  rorincd  th«j 
pcuule  uf  rol.ind.  They  aro  bruvr,  Iriink,  and  hoapituhto,  and  ao 
lively  in  Uieir  nianncra,  that  llity  havo  been  compared  to  the  Freauh. 

Poland.  Q.— 1.  What  waa  Poland?  What  took  plae«  in  tfllST 
9.  In  IH3U  I  3.  Wliat  ia  aaid  of  thu  Poliah  patrioU  7  Wliat  oincerf 
came  tu  thia  country  t     4.  How  are  the  people  divided?     5.  Of  tic 


T 


» 


•uv. 

•rar  NapuktMi. 

nofthr     A.-On.—Wh*! 

(i.if  III!  iiw  wnti  r    IV , 

H«»ri  liifin  llm  Miiiili. 
•f  mill  Itui  Wluin  wa  ' 
tuir  of  Umiliii  k  '  V*. 
[.,  I>r  —  Till  ih«<  Iriitfiti 
rii  I|mI  Ixki*  t  (>«,,  I..U, 
iliiiii  III'  HI.  IV'lri«lMiri{  I 
lti(«r  Willi*  r  Onl^ 
(iill'  I*  Ml.  I'l'lrraliurtf  ' 
It )  llnw  ItiiiK  u  Urn 
()n  wliKl  rivvr  I*  Mi>*- 
I  Dm    ..    V*  uf  Narv*, 


wn«  ron(|\ii<n'i|  iiiul 
III,  I'ruMDin,  mill  Aim* 
111  wiiM  cn^-ti-d  into  A 

IIMill,  will),  III  CllllWt- 

f  l*.>laii.l. 

'oviii((  cxtiiiim  It)  tlifl 
li  n  n:volulion ;  but, 
iTiil  [mtllcM,  Mcm  nl 
iiiit,  I'liliiiiil  ii  now 
m  a  Ht'iiuriito  Mtulr. 

<ilo  ami  ptivrrly  nlirnail, 
li<;r  iiarU  of  Inu  wurlil. 
During  tlio  w«r  uf  One 
f  llintillt'liiill,   Kiinrilltkii 

irl  with  tlio  Aiiivrlcaiiii 

n  (wo  cluM^t,  noble*  anil 
tliiin  ill  liny  iiIIut  couik. 
tlio  wiirlil,  riirini:d  tlie 
anil  liiw|>itnlilo,  and  ki 
uitiparod  to  the  Frenuh. 

it  took  plac«  in  1R15T 
AtrioU  7  Wliat  officers 
pie  divided?     5.  Of  tis 


nitNMAIIK. 

I.  «nm*  «r  ibrt  nobb*  p,»w„,  „  ,„  ||,„„^  „^  ,^^  tM  Mw  m 
•1-1.  iMl.Mir  1  Willie  tiM  p«*Miiu  miMlMi  WM««M  Im,..!.,  „4  ,»  l«w 

h..  II  .  I«.*Im  r...      Miiy  M„  |nd„,i„.„„,  |,„|.„,rty.  „.,|  .,„-  „„  ,|i  „' 
lr...t.  «i,.l  ,  iiminrr. «  .,(  iJ,,  ,,„„„„y      .,.,,.,^       ,  ,^  ^ 

•  "'  ".'.r'' '"'"'  "'•"  '••  *»f  «"■  •I'"  n"8l,l-,..n,,ff  »uti,  "^ 

7.   Miir.>|,.,n,  enrpt    BiiiongKl    l|,i.  w.-nllhy,  I.  Iimiliil.  .,nll   I   in 

.  >-rjr  Wiil.l  «iir«i|,„„  .d,..o|  .,,,,11  I,.,  ,,,„„hi  II,,,  Ui  .l„n  l„ntf.,„Bn. 

■  ...•«..»,„  lM,n.l„.rili,M  Ml.  It  |,„.  ..,.,.„„,,|,    Ti.,.  ,.,L  1"'Z 

-....lid  p,.l.,r..  and  i.i.u.i  lii.w  U,  a.lj i„^  ,„..,.  ,„|,.„.     |,„i,,,,  ,, 

"H  .  d        ».  (Ulr..  lo  wliiil,  iMdrr.  r....,rl  1^1,1.1  «||  m„„ti ,. 
...  IU..«iiiooirC««i„w  _TI,U  1,111.,  ,..,,ul,||,,  w«.  Crimd  i„  IMI.I 

.  I'l.r  •         '"''«•"•«"'?•     I"   I^Ki.   In  i-.n.,'|.ii  n, f  [,„„,' 

r  v,>l„i|.,„:,ry  „i„n..„.nu,  tin,  K,„,m„„  ofAii-lrla.  with  il.o  .■.,n...iu    C 

II';r;:;:i^';;::;:;K!' '""-«'' '"-  -"•"•""'-»"•  •-.^'-I-h 

10.  Tim  .  ity  ..rCracow  i.  i,n  ih«  Vl.i,,!*  rlvrr,  uIhiiU  SOO  mil,..  ft„„, 

i:  irX"'".,*'  """"  '""  1'"  "''*•"''"'  «•"•"'  "".  •'•".  •  "'"-"<•'    r 
V  1 1  .r,  """""""•";  "'"'  «■••"«•"•■     Th.,  tiiniiiln..  ..r....|..d  „,.„  ,he 

diain..li.r  nt  the  ba«, :  it  U  |i„m.,d  of  rarth.  and  wa.  ralwd  bv\  t 
voluntary  labour,  of  the  people,  c«nlinu«d  fo;  four  year*.  ^ 

DKNMAUK. 
1.  DrNMABK  wnR  onro  a  |Hnvorfiil  Htnt..,  and  cxorr  i,rdl  ,in 
pxtoiHivd  niiitrni  over  tho  ndjm-crU  ooiintrica;  hut  it  now 
niiik*  only  ,,,  n  third  or  fiMirlh-nvto  kingdom.  |t  conmri.ws 
Jutland  (ind  ai«>»wiek,  with  «overal  i-siandii  lvin«  iA  tho 
•nlrunrool  ih«  Haltic  «<a,  bonido*  the  duchioe of  llokcin  and 
LniicnIiiirK,  m  (Jormany. 

.„>'•  '''ir  ';''"'""' '"  •^mi't"'""'.  «">'!,  tboiKJi  rr-M«t,  is  h.>u't|,v 
llm  soil  iH  yoiioral!)  (i-ifijo^nnd  well  adi-r,'cd  to  tho  rniiiiig 

noble*  T    What  do  thrv  po,.M.,  &«.";"~ortho  hwn  1    6.  What  1.  ,*,.] 

ci?.j.c'T,'.i:.'.;i:.fL';""'*-  »•'"-«'?"''"«' •"•t.-r.oo.v.  a  th, 

Dtnmark.  y.- J .  Whir  wu  Denmark  fbrnurl/  T    17h«»  if  it  now  1 


Vtnmark,  ^ 


DESCRIPTIVE   OEOORAniV. 


r 


CopcnIingcM. 

of  cmin  nnd  cattle.     Manufactures  are  limited;  but  com- 
rncrco  and  tlie  tisheriea  are  carried  on  with  some  activity. 

3.  Tlic  UiiniH  arc  an  honest,  industrioua  people,  but  arc  not  remark- 
able  for  enterprise  or  improvement.  Literature  and  science  arc  on  a 
respectable  footinfr,  hvmg  patronized  by  tbc  government.  I  here  are 
universilicH  at  Copenhagen  and  Kie!,»  and  common  sciiools  arc  numc- 
rous  in  almost  all  parts  of  tlio  kingdom.  .    .,     ,    .1  ti  »  ' 

4.  The  et^t/olished  religion  of  this  country  is  the  Lutheran.  1  10 
eovcrnmenl  U  an  absolute  monarchy,  but  it  is  administered  with  mild- 
iiCBB.  The  king  of  Denmark  is  a  member  of  the  German  Confedera- 
tion,  as  sovereign  of  llolstein  and  Liiuenburfi.  ,      1  t    1      i 

5  The  foreign  possessiims  of  this  kingdom  are  Greenhind,  Icebiml, 
and  the  Faroe  isles,  fu,.  islands  of  St.  Thomas  and  Santa  Cru/.,  m  the 
West  Indies,  some  factories  on  the  gold  coast  of  Africa,  with  tlic 
Nicobar  islands  in  the  bay  of  Hengal.t     .,,.,,  .      ,  , 

6  Iceland  is  a  cold  and  dreary  region,  inhal)itcd  by  a  simple,  moral, 
and" industrious  race,  who  arc  better  educated  than  the  common  people 
of  almost  any  other  country  in  Europe.  It  is  celebrated  for  Us  vol. 
cano,  its  caldrons  of  boiling  mud,  and  its  liot.springs,  called  geysera, 
wJiich  spout  up  boiling  water  to  the  height  of  lOt)  feet. 

7.  Copenhagen,  tho  capital  of  Denmark,  is  one  of  the  most  handsome 
cities  of  northern  Europe.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  ^yltll  considerable 
commerce,  and  is  noted  for  its  vast  docks  and  extensive  fortifications. 

8  Elsinorc,  situated  at  the  narrowest  part  of  the  sound,  or  entrance 
to  the  Baltic,  is  tho  place  where  all  ships  which  trade  to  that  sea  arc 

S  V.'hat  docs  it  comprise?  What  is  said  of  the  climate?  3.  Of 
the  Danes?  Literature  and  science?  4.  Established  religion? 
Government,  &c.?  5.  Foreign  possessions?  6.  Describe  Ice.and. 
For  what  is  it  celebrated?     7.  Describe  Copenhaggn.    8.  Elsmorc,&c. 

•  Kiel,KccV.  ,     .       ,0  it 

+  The  Danish  government  sold  the  colonies  of  Serampore  and  Iran. 

qucbar,  in  Hindoostan,  to  the  British  East  India  Company,  in  teb, 

1845,  for  1,250,000  dollars. 


L 


Y. 


limited;  but  com. 
\\  some  activity. 
Ic,  but  arc  not  remark- 
and  Ecicnce  arc  on  a 
vcrnnicnt.  There  uro 
non  Bcliools  arc  iiunu;- 

9  the  I.uthcrnn.  The 
dminiHtcred  with  mild- 
ho  German  C'onfedcra- 

irc  Grecnhind,  Iceland, 
und  Santa  Cruz,  in  llio 
it  of  Africa,  witii   tlic 

itcd  hy  a  simple,  moral, 
lian  tlic  common  people 
I  celebrated  for  its  vol. 
iprings,  called  geysera, 
100  feel. 

le  of  the  most  handsome 
hour,  with  considerable 
extensive  fortifications, 
rthe  sound,  or  entrance 
:h  trade  to  that  sea  arc 

r  the  climate  7    3.  Of 

Established   religion  ? 

6.  Describe  Iceland. 

lagsn.    8.  Elsinore,  &c. 

of  Scrampore  and  Tran. 
idla  Company,  in  Feb., 


THE   N£TUERLANDS.  229 

obliged  to  pay  a  heavy  toll.  The  money  received  here  pays  a  largo 
portion  of  tho  expenses  of  the  Danish  government.  Alluiij,  on  lliu 
.■;ibo,  two  miles  li-om  llamlmrg,  is  the  next  largest  town  lo  Copcn. 
ii.igeii.  lis  inliabitimts  are  engaged  chictly  in  comiiiurco.  Flonsburg 
and  Sleswick  arc  important  towns. 


M'lp  No.  18.  — What  bounds  Denmark  on  tho  north?  S..Rk.— 
South?  Ilr.  — Kast?  Ct.— West?  N..Sa,  — What  peninsula  forms 
tliu  chief  part  of  Denmark?  Jd,  — What  two  islands  lie  east  of 
Jiill.ind?  Fn.,  Zd.  — On  what  island  is  Copenhagen?  Zd.  —  What  is 
l!ic  p<)pulali(jn  of  CiipcnliaireM  ?  l''l(ii,shurg  7  Sloswiek  7  rilsiuorc? 
Ill  what  (lireetioii  IVcjmi  Deiiiiiark  i:re  the  Faroe  isles  7  leclaiid  ?  How 
jar  from  .lutland  to  Scotland  /  Wliieli  is  the  priniipal  i.f  tlio  Faroe 
isles?  'I'lio  population?  Ilow  Ion:,'  und  wide  is  Iceland?  What 
towns  in  Iceland  ?  I{g.,  St.  —  CajMs  7  Mi.-Cy.— Hays  f  Ik.,  Fc. 
— 'J'lu!  priiici])al  Danish  islands  are  Zealand,  Funcn,  Laaland,  Fulstor 
and  Uornliohu.     (See  Map  i\u.  !20.) 


•  ir,7  • 


HOLLAND.  OR  THE  NETHERLANDS. 

1.  Holland,  or  tlic  Nctlicrlands,  was  once  the  most  pow. 
eriul  republic  in  Europe,  but  now  it  is  only  a  second-rate 
monarchy.  It  formed  with  Bclj,'ium  tho  kingdom  of  tlm 
Netiicrlands,  from  tho  year  1814  until  1830,  when  each 
became  a  separate  state. 

2.  This  country  is  tho  most  level  part  of  Europe,  and  much 
of  its  surface  is  lower  than  the  sea,  which  is  provonted  from 
overflowing  tho  land  by  vast  dikes,  or  embankments. 

3.  Tho  climate  is  cool,  moistj  and  unllivourable  to  agricul- 
ture ;  yet  tho  industry  of  tho  inhabitants  has  converted  the 
marshy  soil  into  one  of  tho  richest  spots  in  Europe.     The 
cattle,  butter,  and  cheese,  arc  excellent ;  and  tho  gardens  an 
orchards  are  cultivated  with  uncommon  care. 

4.  In  commerce,  manufactures,  and  the  fisheries,  the  Dutcli  formcrli 
excelled  alj  other  European  nations,  but  are  now  surpassed  by  Greii 
Britain.  Canals  are  more  numerous  hero  than  in  any  other  part  of  th 
world.  One,  extending  from  the  Holder  to  Amsterdam,  cost  41  million 
dollars,  and  will  float  a  frigate.  In  summer,  all  tlio  travelling  is  per- 
I'ormcd  in  canal.boaU ;  and  in  winter,  when  frozen,  the  canals  are  tra- 
veiled   by  sleighs,  and  by  tlio  people  on  skates. 

Holland.   Q.  —  l.  What  is  said  of  Holland?      2.  Of  tho  coun 
try?    3,  The  climate?    The  cattle,  &c.?    4.  The  commerce,  &.c! 


i_ 


230 


DESCRIPTIVE   OEOORAPIIY. 


rciiiianlry  in  llnllaiiil. 


5.  The  Dutrh 
nrornnmrknlilntor 
iiiduDtry,  frugaU 
ity,  and  ncatncHii. 
Smoking  in  al. 
most  univrrHal, 
and  a  Hollander  is 
rartly  neon  witlw 
nut  a  pipe  in  liin 
mouth.  'I'hf  drcHN 
ondnppt'iirancoiif 
tho  pcusiintry,  in 
Rome  parts  of  Ilolliind,  arc  peculiar,  and  have  not  varied  in  a  long 
Bi'ricH  of  yearn.  'I'lie  prevailing  religion  ii4  the  I'rcHbylerian,  hut  ull 
others  are  tolerated,  and  niinistcrH  of  all  xeets  arc  supported  by  tho 
Btutc.     The  government  of  Holland  is  a  limited  monarchy. 

C,  In  the  eiiNt,  Holland  poNKcsses  Java,  the  Spice  Islands,  and  some 
other  i^dliemcntH;  in  Africa,  KImina ;  in  Guiana,  Surinam  ;  and  in  tho 
West  Indies,  the  islands  of  (^irii^oa  and  St.  Eustatius,  The  population 
of  these  eoi.inies  is  about  V.SOO.OOO  :  total  of  the  monarchy,  10,.'j(IO,()U((. 

7.  Amsterdam,  tho  principal  city  of  the  Kingdom,  is  on  tho  river 
Amslel,  an  arm  of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  It  is  still  a  place  of  great  commerce. 
I'he  eily  is  intersected  by  canals,  over  which  there  are  3U0  bridges. 
Tlic  hiHises  and  streets  are  kept  remarkably  clean. 

8.  The  Stadt-llonsc,  tho  most  splendid  building  in  Amsterdam, 
rests  upon  a  foundation  of  13,(!59  piles,  or  long  timbers,  driven  into 
the  groimd.  It  is  built  of  freestone,  with  a  front  of  S812  feet,  and  cost 
nine  million  dollars.  Rotterdam  is  next  to  Amsterdam  in  commerce. 
It  is  on  the  Macsc,  or  lower  part  of  the  Rhino, 


T 

I      tie 


View  of  the  Ilogiie. 

9.  Tho  Hague,*  tho  capital  of  Holland,  is  33  miles  S.  W.  fiom  Am 
Ftcrdum,  and  about  three  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  one  of  tho  best-built 
cities  in  EnroiH!,  and  contains  many  handsome  buildings.  This  city  is 
intersected  by  numerous  canals,  which  are  bordered  by  rows  of  trees. 

10.  Leyden,t  Utrocht.t  and  Groningen,  arc  famous  for  their  universi- 

What  is  said  of  canals?  H.  For  vv-liat  arc  tho  Dutch  remarkable? 
What  is  said  of  religion  ?  6.  What  docs  Holland  possess  ?  7.  Dcscrilie 
Amsterdam.    8.  Tlio  Stadt-House.    9.  The  Hague.    10.  Leyden,  &q. 

•  Ihgue,  Haig.        t  l.'ydttXy  Li'-dn.        J  Utrecht,  Yu'.trot 


'IIV. 

S.  Tlic  Dutch 
nro  romarknhio  for 
h^  iiiduDtry,  frugnU 
•5  ity,  and  ncatnciui, 
»  Smoking  in  al. 
n  must  univrrHdl, 
ij  and  a  Hollander  in 
hr^  rartly  Kci-n  witlw 
■$^  out  tt  pipo  in  Imr 
p  inoutli.  'I'lic  driHN 
nndnppt'iirnMcoiiC 
tlio  pcusiintry,  in 
0  not  varied  in  a  long 
lie  I'rcHbytcrian,  but  all 
is  arc  supported  by  tlio 
d  nionaruliy. 
^picc  iHlaiidB,  and  some 
iia,  Surinam  ;  and  in  tho 
istatiuB,  Tlic  population 
c  nionarcliy,  lO/jUO.OOO. 
ngdom,  is  on  tbo  river 
ilocc  of  great  commcrec 
tiicre  arc  3U0  bridges, 
can. 

iiilding  in  AmRterdam, 
)ng  tinibrrn,  driven  into 
)nt  of  SHiJ  feet,  and  cost 
nistcrdani  in  commerce. 


I  miles  S.  W.  from  Am 
It  is  one  of  tho  brst-built 
buildings.  This  city  is 
rdercd  by  rows  of  trees, 
mous  for  their  universi. 

ho  Dutch  remarkable? 
id  possess  ?  7.  DcscrilM 
ague.    10.  Leyden,  &a 

t  Utrecht,  Yii'.trct       " 


BELQIt'M.  231 

tiM.  Tho  former  is  noted  for  a  sicgo  that  it  suBtained  in  1573,aguinHt  the 
Spaniords,  wlicn  the  women  performed  all  tho  duties  of  soldiers.  Tlio 
cathedral  of  Utrecht  is  a  iw  partly  decayed.  From  thu  top  of  its  tower, 
46G  feet  high,  more  than  50  towns  may  be  seen  in  a  clear  day.  liar- 
leiii  is  noted  ibr  its  great  organ,  and  its  trade  in  flowers. 

Map  No.  18.— What  bounds  Holland  on  tho  north  and  west?  N.-Sa 
-On  the  south?  Um.  —  r^ist?  Hr.,  Pa.  — What  river  (lows 
through  this  country  7  Ro. —  I  low  long  is  it?  What  bay  lies  north 
ol"  Amsterdam?  Z.-Zo. — What  country  lies  duo  west  from  Holland/ 
Ed.  —  How  many  miles  is  it  by  tho  scale  7  What  sea  separates  Hoi. 
laud  and  England  ?  Nh.  —  How  many  inhabitants  has  Amsterdam  ? 
Rotterdam  ?  Uroningcn  ?  Leyden  and  Utrecht  uro  on  one  of  tlie 
lower  ^tranches  of  tho  Rhino.    (See  Map  No.  20.) 


158. 


Bruiscli. 

BELGIUM,  OR  FLANDERS. 

1.  Belgium  is,  for  its  extent,  the  most  thickly-peopled  part 
of  Europe.  It  is  filled  with  populous  cities,  and  places  re- 
niarkablo  in  history,  as  the  scenes  of  qreut  victories  and 
defeats,  among  which  are  Waterloo,  Charleroi,  and  Flcurus. 

2.  The  country  is  mostly  level,  with  a  fertile  soil,  and  sc 
highly  cultivated,  that  it  is  called  the  garden  of  Euroj^ 
The  productions  are  grain,  flax,  madder,  hops,  tobacco,  &c 
There  are  canals,  connecting  all  the  great  cities,  though 
hoy  are  not  so  numerous  as  in  Holland. 

3.  The  Belgians  were  formerly  called  Flemings,  and  have  Jong  ex 
celled  in  manufactures  and  th.e  arts.  They  are  no  less  industrious  ana 
persevering  than  tho  Dutch,  but  are  more  lively  in  their  manners,  &na 
approach  nearer  the  French,  whom  they  prefer. 

4.  They  are  principally  Catholics  j  but  there  is  entire  toleration  in 

Belgium.  Q.— 1.  What  is  Belgium?  With  wha»  is  it  filled?  3 
What  is  said  of  tlie  country  ?    Tlie  productions  7    3.  Of  thefielgiana 


DEHCHimVB   QUOORArilY. 

rrlitfion.    There  oro  a  fow  ProtcitunU  in  Dcliriuni ;  tlicir  miniitcri,  m 
Wfll  HM  llioHO  of  the  other  im-cU,  nro  nil  piiiil  liy  tlio  utato. 

5.  Tlio  imivrriiiticii  of  IlriicwlH,  Lnuvuiii,  l.irfu;  mid  (ihint,  arc  nil 
flnuriiiliiiiK.  Tho  (irovlhimi  riiailn  for  gciu'riil  iiiHlriicliun  in  tliiH  couii. 
Iry  i»  I'xiriiHivo;  nnd  there  arc  kvIiooIh  in  every  villajfc. 

6.  Del|;iiini  onee  l«:lon(.'e(l  to  AiiHlria,  and  allcrwurds  to  Franco.  It 
wan  for  a  time  united  to  Holland,  but  in  now  n  He|>nrnl<!  kingdom,  wild 
a  liniitrd  government.  Tho  army  amountii  '  >  lOU.OUU  men;  the  nav, 
ii  iiniall.     Ik'ljriiim  haii  no  colonieR. 

7.  nrufMeli",  tho  capital,  is  on  tho  river  Sennr,  r  branch  nf  the  Scheldt, 
90  milcH  from  tho  dca.  It  h  one  of  the  finest  eilien  in  KiiroiM-,  and  ia 
noted  for  itn  public  walks  and  fonntainn,  bh  well  an  for  itn  extensive 
itianufiiduret  of  carpetg  and  laee.  Ten  miles  south  of  this  city  it 
Waterloo,  celebrated  for  tJio  iinptjrtant  buttle  fought  there  in  1612 


T 


,       Antwerp. 

8.  Antwerp  is  the  chief  commercial  city  in  Iklffium  ;  in  the  liei|;ht 
of  its  priiN|H.'rity  it  was  one  of  tho  most  wealthy  citicH  in  FJuropc.  Its 
Ronnncrcc  lutH  (rreatly  declined,  aitd  tho  populatiun,  onco  200,000  in 
number,  is  nut  now  more  than  one-third  tliat  amount ;  tho  city  is  sur 
rounded  by  a  wall,  with  carriage  roads  on  the  top,  planted  with  rows 
of  trees :  the  Cathedral  is  one  of  tho  fmcat  Gothic  structures  in  the 
world  ;  itv  spire  is  441  feet  hi^h. 

9.  Ghent  and  Lic^o  huve  bo'Ji  considerable  manufiicturcs.  At  the 
former  ei!y,  tho  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
llritain  waH  signed  in  1HI4,  Brii{res  was  once  famous  for  its  com 
inerec,  but  has  preally  dctlined.  Tournay  is  noted  for  its  inanufuc> 
turcs  of  ear|icts  and  porcelain  ;  Mona  ii)r  its  coal-mines;  Louvain  for 
its  univeruity,  and  Namur  for  its  I'irc-arms  and  cutlery. 

Map  No  18.— What  bounds  Rclpium  on  tho  north  ?  Hd.,  N.-Sa.— 
South?  Fc.  —  East?  Pa.  —  Whi'jh  is  tho  principal  river?  Ans. 
Tlie  MeuHc ;  the  city  of  Liego  ic  i  its  west  bank  :  the  river  is  400 
miles  Ion;;.  How  many  inhabitai..s  has  Drussels?  Ghent?  Ant- 
werp?   Liege?    Antwerp  and  Ghent  arc  on  the  river  Scheldt 


4.  What 

$.  Of  Belgium  ? 

werp.    9.  Ghent 


arc  they  generally  7 

The  army,  dtc? 
Liege,  Sec 


What  is  said  of  the  universities  T 
7.  Describe  Brussela.     8.  Ant 


B 


APIIY. 

flirium ;  their  miniitcri,  m 
hy  tho  Rtntc. 

I<i>'^<',  iitid  (ilirnt,  arc  nil 
111  iiiitlriicliijn  in  thin  couu. 
ffry  villajfc. 

J  iillrrwunU  Id  Franco.  It 
V  a  w'imrnio  kingijoin,  wiili 
I  <  lOU.OUU  men ;  the  nnvy 

no,  R  broncli  nf  (he  Sclieldt, 
•Hi  cilifd  in  Kiir()|M',  nnd  ia 
DH  well  an  fur  itn  cxtcnaivc 
nik'R  Roiitli  nf  tliii  city  i* 
e  fuught  there  in  1615 


in  ncl|;lnm  ;  in  the  Iiei|;ht 
iltliy  citii'8  in  Europe.  Ita 
ipufatiun,  onco  200,000  in 
it  amount ;  the  city  ia  Rur 
the  top,  planted  with  rows 
It  Gothic  itructurcs  in  the 

ble  manufiicturcg.  At  tho 
0  United  KtatcH  and  Great 
s  once  fiimoiig  for  itu  com 
is  noted  for  its  mnnufac* 
ts  coal-mines ;  Louvain  fnr 
and  cutlery. 

tho  north?  Hd.,  N.-Sa.— 
ho  principal  river?  Ans. 
est  bank :  the  river  is  400 
Drussels  7  Ghent  1  Ant. 
>n  the  river  Scheldt 

s  naid  of  the  universities  ? 
•escribe  Brussels.     8.  Ant 


GREAT  IJIUTAIN  AND  IRELAND. 

1.  TiiK  iinitRl  liiimdoin  of  Groat  Britain  and  Iroland  com- 
prises llui  iviiifrdrins  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Irfliiiid,  witli 
tho  principality  of  Wales.  It  consists  of  the  islands  of  Grout 
Britain  and  Ireland,  commonly  called  the  Britisli  Isles. 

2.  Tlio  possossions  of  tins  kingdom  omhracn  colonics  in 
Asia,  Afriea,  America,  nnd  Occanica,  which,  wiili  the  Eu- 
ropean i)arl.  Conn  the  British  Empire.  The  population  of  the 
whole  is  estimated  nt  almost  160  millions,  comprising,  with 
the  e.\cei)tii)n  of  Ciiina,  the  };reatest  inunbcr  of  subjects  under 
the  control  of  any  one  sovereign  in  the  world. 

3.  Great  Ilritain  is  one  of  the  most  influential  stales  in  tlic  world, 
nnd  surpasses  every  other  for  tho  extent  nnd  variety  of  its  manufac- 
tures, nnd  for  its  commercial  and  naval  importance.  Tiio  intelligence, 
enterprise,  and  industry  of  itd  .nhabitauts  arc  no  where  equalled, 
e.icept  ill  tho  United  States. 

4.  Tho  government  is  a  limited  licroditary  monarchy. 
The  sovereign  power  is  vested  in  a  king  or  queen,  lords,  and 
commons.    The  two  last  form  the  parliament,  or  great  coiin- 

(heat  Itritain  and  Ireland.  Q.—l.  What  docs  the  united  kingd>i»> 
tr.iniiriRO  ?    Of  what  docs  it  consist  ?     2.  What  do  its  possessions  tso. 
arace  T    What  is  said  of  tho  population  7    3.  Of  Croat  Brilam  7    Tnc 
3JS 


I . 


334 


BiurRirTivB  aiMMiRAriiv. 


ril  of  iho  nntion,  a  Ixidy  to  which  iho  CotiKrcas  of  the  United 
Stntrs  In-iirH  ii  ntroiif?  n-M'tiililancf. 

ri.  Thn  nation  is  divitltil  into  thno  olnsscs,  tin-  nnldhiy, 
Rontry,  ami  (••unnionalty.  Tht;  fust  rompriws  dukiH,  niar- 
f|ui.MOM,  cnils,  visaiimlM.'iind  hanms;  thn  xccond  ail  who  iirc 
-listinj^nislicd  for  wraith,  iihu-aiion,  lalmts,  or  ollico;  und  tho 
Uiird  tradisincn,  artificfru,  and  iMboiirt-rs. 

(">.  'I'lio  iirinripul  nntioniil  lorcn  I*  llio  ii:\vy,  wliirli,  in  tiia«  of  war, 
hdH  iiuiiilitrt'il  11)00  vmHcU,  iiviiiiicil  l.y  170,000  wiilorii  _nn«l  iiiiirinfH. 
'riio  ttraiy  sinoiiiilcd,  at  Iho  Hiime  tiim-,  to  iipwurdH  of  .'lOO.OOO  im-ii  j 
tint  ii  now  riuliiccd  lo  one-tliird  tliiil  umounl.  Tlio  |ir»i«nt  imv;ij 
ilircc,  in  Kcrvicc,  building,  and  ordinury,  <ompriHrii  07 1  vcdmIk,  li!l  ol 
wliich  arc  nfcuMicrii;  the  whole  moiinlln(f  17,772  jjunii.  Tim  niiiiun.J 
debt,  contrantrd  in  aliout  ISO  yfarn,  Ih  3500  milium  dolliirn,  to  pay 
the  intcrcit  of  which,  rcrjuirc*  IhrcclillliH  of  thu  onnual  inconiu  of  the 

7.  The  ninnnfacturoii  arc  immrnup,  nnd  have  riiiHcd  Orrnt  Dritnin  to 
a  dccidod  niiiMriorily  over  all  otiur  niilinuH.    Cotton,  woollen,  nnd  nilk 
(joodH,  with  the  mnnulUcliirc  of  niotiils  of  various  kiiuln,  aro  the  most 
nn|Hirtanl.    Tho  proihiec  of  thu  fiHherii'H  and  the  nilncn  is  very  griiil 
Uio  conl  trade,  nionc,  in  CHtiinated  to  employ  lfi0,<)()0  pernonH. 

8.  Tho  comnicrco  is  Hii|)irior  to  that  of  any  uiher  nation,  and 
cxtcndH  to  nil  (|uarlerB  of  the  world.  The  ni<rehiinl-vi  B«el»,  int  hiding; 
tlione  of  the  colonies,  nmoni.l  to  npwnr.lH  of  27,(1(11),  of  t)ie  liiirthrn  of 
H,O44,O00  tons,  and  arc  navigated  hy  IHO.OOO  men.  One  hIxiIi  of  thu 
BhiHpin(f  klonKf"  to  tho  port  of  London,  nnd  two-thirdM  of  the  com- 
merco  is  carried  on  at  that  city.  From  :».j,(IOO  to  38,000  vchhcU  enter 
and  depart  from  tho  ports  of  Ureal  IJrituin  every  year. 

9.  Population  of  the  Ifritiih  Empire  and  Coloniri. 


T 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  \>iU* 

Ionian  Islen,  Malta,  (iibrultar,  and  Heligoland 

liritish  North  America 

Wext  InilicH  and  Guiana 


("aiK!  Colony,  Sierra  Leone,  Mauritius,  »tc 

■  MaMl  India  t'ompanyVTerritoricH  (inc.  tributnricH) . 
(Jeylon,  Provinces  in  Chin  India,  Singapore,  &.C.. .. 
Oceanica,  Drilioh,  aaS.UUO ;  aborigines,  350,000,... 


27,01 4,(51)  I 
;MJ,.')(I() 

,    i,i;.')0,(io() 

KVI,(IOO 

32(J^(lllO 

.I2'>,()oo,oiio 

,     2,l(ll),()00 
.'i7.'),IIOO 


Total,   i.     liO.lUl 


mhabitants?  4  Government?  5.  How  is  the  nation  divided?  ti.Whut 
it  said  of  tho  national  force  ?  Debt  ?  7.  ManufacturcH  ?  I'ishcri'.:* 
und  mines?  8.  Connncrcc?  What  belongs  to  London,  &.c.?  ft. 
What  part  of  tnc  British  empire  has  tho  most  inhnbituntH  f     \yhat 

'    T?     How  many  subjects  has  Gri'.i! 
Asiit  ?    Africa  ? 


\y  nai  pari  oi  inc  i>riii»ii  eoipnc  n 
part  lias  the  next  greater  munlierl 
Britain  in  America  ?    In  Euroiw  ? 


•Enqlnnd.  IJ,1I0,178;  VVal.!«,  Oll.fio:);  Sc.iOnml.  2,(;S0,IH-I;  Irelaml,  H.ITS.WJ 
AiJii)'  a'al  "avy,  uiid  iiKTclmnt  8caiiioii  nllnat,  1W,453.    Tutal,  U'.oJ-l  ti'Jl 


1 


riiv. 

oii^rcHs  of  tlio  United 

rliiHscs,  tin'  iioMlity, 
>in|irisi's  (Uiki'H,  nmr- 
1  mccoikI  all  who  an- 
nts,  or  ollicu  J  uiiJ  liio 

M. 

,  whirh,  in  (law  of  wnr, 
III)  yuilorM  nnd  iniirinrN. 
.wunl«  of  :ilMt,OOI»  iiica  ; 
int.  'i'lio  |ir»Hi'nt  luival 
iriKcn  U7l  vt'KHrlii,  \'2\  of 
772  gmiB.  Tlio  natiiin.xl 
I  inilliiin  ddllurM,  to  puy 
tlie  annual  incuniu  of  the 

vc  riiiwd  Orrnt  Ilrilnin  to 
Cotton,  wiMillcn,  nnci  rilk 
ioMK  kiiulx,  nru  tliv  nio^t 
iIh'  inlncH  In  very  grcul 
10)0,1)01)  iiorHons. 
'  iniy  other  nation,  and 
■rrliHiit-viHscIs,  indiKJili^' 
}7,lllll),  of  till'  iMirtlun  ot' 
)  men,  One  nIxIIi  of  tin: 
>l  Iwo-tliirtlH  of  till"  com- 
10  tU  38,0I)U  VL'HHCIS  L'utur 

•cry  yc-iir. 

•e  and  Colonif$, 

27,01.»,f.;)l 

und ;M  J,r)ill) 

l,(;."io,iiiiii 

KVI.IIIll) 

.Tjy^iiiio 

JutnricH)..12r>,000,OIII) 

■u,  &.C a,  11111,1)00 

iU.OOO, .'■)7"),II(I0 

Tolal,  i      IJe.iyi 

nation  dividi'd?  fi.  Wlmi 
lunuthctiiri'H  ?  Fislioiku 
jj8  to  London,  iSlc.  I  fl. 
iiosl  InlmhitiintH  t  What 
many  siilijcctH  liuH  Ciri',i! 
Africa  ? 

2,C8i),IK-t;  Irelaiiil,  H,I75.'j:j 
5U.    Tutal,  !i-.tUlli9l 


T 


33S 


Wiiitlior  Cnitl*. 

ENGLAND. 

1.  KN(it.AM)  onibrnct'S  tlic  sfiutlicTii  part  of  Oront  nrilnin, 
,111(1  is  tlio  lfirji;cst  and  nio.st  ])i>|)iil()iis  tjivisioii  of  tjir  island. 
It  has  fjn-at  vari<-ty  of  Hnrliu-c,  hut  is  chii'tly  level  or  gently 
undulating,  and  abounds  in  Ix-iiiitiful  and  interesting  scenery. 

2.  Thn  climate,  though  moist  nnd  cool,  is  healthful,  und 
,ess  siilijeet  to  the  extremes  of  heal  and  cold  than  most  other 
countries  in  the  same  latitudes. 

a,  Tho  soil  of  r^igland  is  not  natti rally  rich,  yet  the  agri- 
riiituro  is  superior  to  that  of  any  other  country  in  Kuropf. 
The  chief  pr<i(lucts  arc  wheat,  barlcv,  oafs^  hops.  Arc. 

■1.  In  no  part  of  the  world,  prrlmps,  iH  wfui'Ji  more  nnrqimlly  din. 
Iriliiitrd  than  in  Kndland,  and  Bcldoin  do  tin  lottaRPH  of  tht;  poor  con. 
irast  Ko  Btroiiffly  with  the  mansion"*  of  thit  rirh.  Costly  and  Hph'iidid 
Siiildiii^s  ari^  spread  over  various  part*  of  the  kingdom,  and  many  of 
ilio  pi;rks  nnd  counlry.BcaU  of  tJie  aitli;lily  and  gentry,  display  a 
princely  maijnilicencc. 

a.  Tlioiiirh  luxury  nnd  cnrrnplion  exist  to  a  considnrnMo  extent  in 
eertnin  portions  of  English  society,  the  mass  of  tho  people  is  distin 
t^'iished  tiy  sound  morals.  Renevolenro  jnay  bo  considered  a  slrikinf; 
ll'iiturc  in  the  national  elmracter ;  and  in  no  comitry  are  there  so  muiiy 
UBsociations  for  charitable,  benevolent,  and  religioua  purposos. 

England.  Q.  —  1.  What  does  L'njTJnnd  emhrare  7  What  in  Raid  of 
•ho  surlaec,  &,e.  ?  ?  Of  the  elimatc  ?  3.  Soil  ?  Produrts?  4.  What 
wtiaidofweolth?    5.  Luxury,  &c  ?     nencvolcnco  7     6.  Literary  in- 


230  DEi»cnirTi\E  okoouaimiv. 

fi.  'I'ho  literary  iiii.iitiili(.ii«,  iind  Irtiriad  mtii  of  tliw  coimlry,  nn 
hiirl.ly  iliHlinnfui.liiMl  i  uikI  mo  liiii({u»l,'u  •■««il'«  «'"'  ••^"KI"'''.  '"  |'"<"y. 
el.^iiiJiMT,  i.liil.munliy,  n..a  MUMu.'.  (Jr.  ut  .•urtioUH  -iru  inu.lo  l.y 
vnriuiw  r.liui«MiH  „H,.miuli..ns  to  uprcml  ChriHliaiiily  .nnl  tiMliiali..il 
uniotii:  lliti  Im  iiilitn  ;  ond  iiiiintroim  niiiHionuraii  liiivu  btcii  tent  lo 
»orioiiii  imrlrt  iil'  llic  cnrlli,  l^ir  Unit  iiiirpono. 

7.  No  I'r'"  rill  proviKion  lirm  l»«ti  d.viHid  for  tlio  ••diirnlion  of  t(i« 
IMH.r,  but  I  in.rtH  ur.'  i...w  iimkini;  l..r  ili.it  puriMwr.  Many  ul  iIm;  pwplo 
iiro  very  iL'noriinl,  und  nimilurH  d.p.rid  on  Suiiduy.ii.:lio<dH  lor  iii»lr.l>'. 
tion.  'I'll.'  Iiicin  r  HI  iniimriiu  of  I.  iiniiiitf  uro  iiuiiktouk,  mid  luriiUli 
({nut  liiciliii.  H  lor  olitaiiiiiiij  a  «up<rior  iducalioii. 

H.  Tlic  Kpiwopul  Ih  lliu  I'slaMiHiiid  rrliKion,  nod  llio  novcrriKii  in  tlio 
•upronio  liiiid  of  tho  ciiurrii,  wiii.  li  in  Rovirii.d  liy  two  un lil.i.sliop^ 
and  twcnty.fivo  I.IhIiop*.  'I'lio  iii.iiil«r»  of  olIiiT  cliiinlifn  uru  vulWA 
dinnontern:  tiiey  coiripriNo  Mrllioili»lH,  IlaptiHtH,  rn'Nl.jttrian»,Ar,,aiid 
with  llic  Konian('atlioli<H,  coimlitulu  marly  oiicliiill  the  population. 

9.  TliiN  coiiuiry  Ih  notid  for  ill  cxi-t.llriit  romU  and  ►ulii-laiitial 
liriii  '  •      •    -I 


T 


rai 
11 


■idtfCH.  ChiiuIh  i.r.i  mum  roi's  mid,  with  Iliti  vurioim  w.  l|.<dn,iirua«'d 
lil-roadH,  Krciitly  lluililalii  thi;  inland  trado  of  llio  kiU(;doin.  'Ihi: 
TMitr  ur«^  mar  ."IDO  in  nuinlirr,  and  cxlind  aliout  i.'.-^OIt  iiiili  m  ni  Icnutli. 


riiu  iiioHt  iniiHirtatit  rail-roadM  aro  tliosi!  which  coiinii  t  London  with 
Livirpool,  Itriniol,  and  Soiilhuinplon,  and  Liverpool  with  Mandicntcr. 
I'rojieiH  lor  new  ruil-ruudM  uru  «uimroun. 


lljl 


10.  Londim,  tlio  rai.it.il  oj'  tlio  Uritish  Kiiipirc,  is  on  tlio 
rivr'rTlmmi  s,  '\r,  milis  (V«>m  tho  sui.  It  is  7  iiiili's  in  longtlu 
iroin  ;»  to'liiii  l)rrii(ltii,  iiiul  cdvcis  a  Hjiacc  ut' iilnidst  '-i't 
sqiiuio  uiiK'H.  It  in  aiiiiiiralily  sitiiatotl  fur  ti'adc,  and  is  tin- 
riclicst,  most  populous,  and  most  commercial  cfty  in  tliu 
world. 

11.  It  contiiinn  many  public  Ijiiililinjrii,  of  wliidi  St.  Paul'H  Caflnilral, 
a  Tower,  Wi  HtniiiiHter  Abbey,  and  the  Hank  of  i;nKlaiiil,arc  Ihe  eliirl 


llio 


riic  bridf,'en  of  London  lire  (ieven  in  number,  all  built  ol  Hi, .lie,  exrept  one, 
vbieli  in  conslriicled  of  iron;  one  of  the«e  Ih  ii  Himp.  UHion  bri.ltfi'.  1  Im; 
funnel  nmliT  the  TliaincH  in oneof the  iiiohI  remarkable  worksol  the  uk<- 
li>,  London  prenentH  a  Btrikinpf  conlrnHt  of  weallli,  intelliKenec,  and 
morality,  with  ifjnornnce,  poverty,  and  viec.  No  city  in  the  world  linn 
HO  great  a  nuinlKir  id*  learned  gocietieH,  and  literary  and  Beienlilic  e«tul>. 
lidhinentK;  and  none  can  compare  with  it  in  its  cliuritieu  for  the  poor, 
tho  lick,  and  tho  i|riiorant. 

■titutionH, &c. 7    7.  Education?    Highest  ncminarici of  lcarmnir,&.c. 7 
8.  KeliRionT     Dinsenters ?     'J.  KoadH,  &e.?     Canals?     IJail-roads? 
England.  Q,  —  10.  Describe  London,     11.  What  doci  it  contain  7 


L 


riiY< 

en  of  tliw  cniinlry,  »r« 
I  tliu  MfiKlifl',  ill  |iinlry, 
I'xi'riiniiH  iirii  iiiiiilo  liy 
Htiuiiily  uiiil  t'Mliziitioii 
iricv  iiiisu  been  tuiit  tu 

Tiir  llifl  rdticnticiii  of  tlio 

wr.  Aluny  III' till'  (iiioplu 
riiluy.iii:lii)<j|H  liir  iiintrili'- 
!  iiiiiiivruuii,  oiid  luriiiiih 
liiiii. 

,  iiiid  the  novcri  icn  i*  tlio 
iird  liy  two  ari'liiii^liopi 
liiT  chiiri'lM'n  urc  culled 
1, 1'rciilivtt'riiiiiH,  kV  r,,  and 
ilic-lmll  tliu  |Mi|iul:Uiuli. 
I  riiiiiU  uiid  t^iilistuiitiul 
I  various  wrll.cdiiNiructctl 
!  1)1'  lliii  liiii|;d<>in.     Till: 

H)Ut',''^(Kl  lllillH  ill  Iciijilli. 

icli  cmimcl  I.oiidi)ii  willi 
I'crpoul  with  Muiiclicvtvr. 


Oi  Kiniiiri',  is  u\i  iho 
It  is 7  milts  ill  k'ligtli, 
11  Hjiacc  (jf  iiliiio.st  '2'> 
fur  ti'dd'',  ami  is  tlic 
mnu!iciul  f.-fty  in  tliu 

liirh  St,  PiiiirH  Cathfdrul, 
(iri;ii),'laiicl,iirc  llin  cliicl' 
1  built  ol'HliPiu'.cxniit  Dili', 
1  HUHiH'iiNioii  liriilifr,  'I'Ik: 
iniirkublf  works  olllic  u>;c 
'wcnllli,  intoliiKt'iifc,  and 
No  city  ill  the  world  1i»m 
orary  mid  Boii'iililic  mtuli. 
itH  cliuritiuii  fur  tlio  puur, 


ninaricB  of  Icnrninij,  &.c.  1 

CanaU  7     Hail-road*  7 

.  VVliat  doci  it  contain  T 


T 


■.>ULANO. 


331 


>* 


New  London  Uriilgo. 

13.  Five  mili'n  bftow  f.onilnn,  on  tliiiTliniiioii,  in  Oreonwiidi,  niinniia 
fi)r  it*  niiviil  liii»{iiliil  lor  infiriii  maiurii,  mid  it<t  obHirvalnry,  I'rotti 
wliic'li  loii^ituili!  in  *c('l<iiii>'d.  Above  l.iindon  in  ('IiiIniii,  I'onlainiii); 
(hi)  ({'''''it  iintioii'il  asylum  Ibr  iiiviilid  KolilierH,  Windnor,  U'i  mile*- 
from  [loiidiiii,  Ih  rtlrbrnlcd  Ibr  it>i  ciihllc,  wliicli  Iiiih  Imtii  Ibu  Huiiinitr 
rcdidriict'  of  tlui  Hoviri'i','im  of  Mni^liiiid  Ibr  ii|iwaril.<  of  7(111  yc  itn, 

M.  I.iv('rp(Hp|,  on  the  rivi  r  .'frrscy,  ni'ar  \U  iii'iuih,  in  nr.tt  to  lion. 
(Inn  ill  ( iiiiiiiuTo',  It  in  till'  jiriiK  ijial  n<  i.  of  tli<'  tridn  witli  Aiiuriua. 
Itrintol  JM  till!  tbinl  roniniiTcial  town  in  l!ii;rlaiiil.  Sliill  i-t  nolnl  tor 
itK  traili^  to  tlio  llallii',  and  llic  wliulu  fiHlicry.  Nrwcaxtlc,  Simdor- 
land,  Wliilliy,  and  Wliitibavcii  am  lar^ily  cinjairrd  in  Ilio  coal  trade. 
FurtHiiioutli,  I'lyiiiiiiitli,  and  Clialliani  nro  );r('iit  nuval  HlutioiiM, 

1.5.  ;Uarirli<!Ntfr  Ih  llin  nccond  \)\uvv  in  Fuijland  in  pn|)nla!ion,  nnd  in 
fiiiiious  for  itH  cxtrnMivn  rolton  inanulartiiri'K ;  I.ccdM,  Ur.idlbrd,  nnd 
Norwirli,  Ibr  woolkn  (joikIh;  lUrniinpliaiii,  liir  liardwart;;  Sliollirld,  lot 
I'lilk'ry  ;  Kiildi'riiiiiiHtir,  Ibr  carpttM  j  WorccMtir,  ibr  porctluin;  Covcn 
try,  liir  watclicH  and  ribboiiK;  itiid  (iloud'slcr,  lor  pilot. 

1(1.  Oxfiird  and  CambridLn'  iiro  cclclirali'd  Ibr  (lirir  univi'TRitiON 
Rton  and  Wiiiclioclor,  Ibr  tbrir  collccrr),  llalli  and  Clicli-'iiliam  art 
nol<'d  for  niincral  watrrn,  nnd  aro  vinili'd  liy  pcrcoiiH  in  quest  of  hcitllh 
or  plcnmirc.  'I'nnliridijc,  SrnrlHiroinjh,  itc,  arc-  will. known  "^atcnni" 
placi'ii,  and  Drielilon,  Marirato,  «Vc.,  arc  iniioli  rrRorlcd  |o  Ibr  nca- 
bntlunjf,    Nuwiiiurkct  ih  noted  for  liorsc-raccR ;  and  Uurton  for  ulc. 

IS.  Wliat  doTH  r.ondon  propcnf  7  13.  Drperilio  nreonwioh.  f'^-'Nciu 
Wiiiuaur.  14.  What  in  said  of  Liverpool,  Ilrisdil,  iVe. !  l.l,  MancliuR. 
ter,  LeeA;  Slc.1    Shtflicld,  &c.  7     Hi   Otlord,  CiuubridBc,  ic.  7     17 


I 


lul: 


238 


DKMtnirTIVIl   OKrWRArilY. 


17.  lliunnnii  l»  r.ii.iwMi(l  ft.r  llm  viriniy  rhiiikI  l>y  Williuni  lh« 
ColKiiiiror.     Al  lli.i.«.pftl,,  liKlmril  IIJ  wim  il.t.  ulnl  uml  kill,  it       lli» 

bnlllmor  Ni.rlli  Allcrlnii,  K'lrl <ir  HI,  Nt>il'«  i;r««'«,  <"tirlmrii  •tiU 

n.Mlilin  Kiilil.  ytvtr  limiflil  In  iwn-n  iIib  KiikIlIi  ami  Mi'.tn.  Al  i>«  w 
Irtjry,  F,.l)jr  Hill.  MntnUm  M.K.r,  No.il.y.  un.l  \V..r<r.tir,  Mii|M.riiiiil 
i«tl.)ii.  tnnk  plncr  JHlwriii  llic  fiir.rt  <.r  flmrliK  l.l  «r>.l  lli«  |iurli» 
nil  III.     Al  llio  llirn  lint,  I'rmiiwt'll  iraliuii  <ii<  i»i*''  *n  I'tix. 

IH   Tl..-  WiK  "1"  M  '11,  Wi;rlii,  'riii.n.  I,  >«li.'|.|"7  '""I  ''"•  Normii. 

I^IiiikIh,  l..|.,ii(r   1..  linKl.iiil.     Tl I"'  I'l"  .Mull   w««  <.l'><'   «  <li.liiml 

KilK'iliiiii;  till'  |)n)|,|f  nri'  .■nil.  (I  Maiuiiirtl  j  lliiir  luii(,Miii|r<' l»  Viry  •mil- 
Inr  in  ilml  nfllii'  iiulivo  Iri»h.  Tlic  W"  «l'  Wlnlii  t<  lli»-  iiicml  l.r. 
till'  un.l  Liuiiiinil  ol"  111'-  Kiimll.  r  Hriil^li  i-U*.  'I'Uv  N..riimii  l-U*  «i> 
Jirwy,  OiuriKry,  Aid.  rii.y,  nmi  HurU  i  lliiy  havu  ii  until  tliiti»l.)  •ml 
•  Ibtlilu  *uU.    Jvracy  ix  tuAvd  t»t  cidrr. 


T 


Moiiil  llri.lg*. 

WALKH. 

10.  Wai.kb  i.i  n  mountninoim  nnd  riipftPil  rp>;ion,  nituatrd 
wcMlwunl  l.r  lOii^'laii.l.  Tlic  M..il  in  Ii'nh  Ii  ililc  ami  cullivatod 
(hull  ill  tliiit  kinn<l(in»,  Imt  llic  proiliiilH  urn  tin-  xami'. 

SO,  Till-  iimtiufiiitur.n  nro  cliirlly  of  lliuiml,  in  wlii  li  tl.'  W.Mi 
r\cv\.  Iron,  l.u.l,  r.i|i|» r,  iiiul  (.ml  iiUiiin.l.  VuhI  i|imnlilii'H  <>('  ir.ni. 
cliictly  for  riiil-rouiU.  aro  iiiiimrlid  into  Ihu  ("iiitcl  SIuI.ih  IV.imi  WuIub. 

ai,  Tliirt  c.miitry,  I'K'vi.iii"  to  the  ynr  I'JH.'I.  wuk  if.ivirnr.l  l>y  il« 
own  kihcit;  l.iit  niiici-  Ilml  tim«-  it  Iiiih  Ihcu  uiiili'd  l.i  llnt'hii.l,  tiiiil  llie 
iiUJcwl  mux  ol  ll.i!  Ki.viriijjii  of  Kii^laiiil  in  »lylc(l  I'rinif  ..I'  U  ulcs. 

'J'i.  Tln'  clrnit,  vvlurli  M-piiriHr*  WhIch  IVnin  llio  inliinil  ol'  Aiiijl"'fii. 
iH  «ro«itl  liy  till!  Miiiiii  l.rl.l(,'o,  one  ..Cllui  moul  r.'nmrkiil.U.'  ..Illio  kiii.l 
111  the  worl.l :  it  t;.in»iHlM  of  Htronjf  iron  iliiiinK,  win.  Ii  i..iiiii<  t  iif.  In* 
uC  iiinHonry,  'Mt  iWl  iij'iirl!  tliuH  lorii.tng  a  nulb  uiid  umlul  Ktrurtiirc. 

U3.  INIirlliyr  'i'ydvil  \n  t\w  h\TfH»i  town  in  WuIoh,  It  \n  iiilimud  in 
llm  inidHt  ol  nuintroii*  iron  li)iiiidi-rit'»  mid  fiiriiii.cs.  .SwiiiiHiii  nt  u 
.loli-d  rLf.r.rt  lor  (i-ii.lmtluiic.  Cacriimrtlitn,  mid  ('u.rimrvoii,  iirc  l«.lli 
p!ui  I'H  of  iin|)ortan(;c.  Tho  cliifl'  orimiiiunl  ol"  lliu  latU'r  u  itii  uiwtlo 
i.iico  a  stately  cdillcc,  but  now  in  ruiiiM. 

HiiKliiips.  IIoRworlh,  &.(•,?  IH.  Wtmt  iolnndii  l)clon(t  to  Knelmd? 
Wliul  is  niiid  of  Man?  Wijfhl ?  Norman  ihIch?  U).  Wlint  ih  wild 
;.f  Wulcii?  20.  Maniifacliirij.7  ,Minrriil«,  *c.7  SI.  Wli.n  wm 
Walcii  Rtrcrncd  h»  it»  own  kiiigH,  &.C.7  '2ii.  Wlint  i*  ii;ii.l  of  llm 
Mfiiai  bridge,  &r.  7    23.  .Mtrtliyr  Tydvil,  Swannea,  Jtc.T 


T 


11 V. 

gniiKil  l>y  Williuni  III* 
li  !ii(il  mill  killol  'I'll* 
r«  ('rtHiii,  Oiti'riiiirn  Riiii 
■h  mill  Hrolii,  At  Niw 
III  Wnrrrdi  r,  itii|iiirliint 
rli*  let  iinil  lliv  |iutlii 
I  liii\i-  411  liirii  K. 
i'|i|H'y  iniii  lliu  Nortiixli 
nil  \Mi«  mil)'  II  ili'-liiit.l 
ir  liiiiciiiii,'!' '"  vtry  miin- 
Wl^lil  IN  (III'  liiimt  li  I- 
'I'liu  Niiniinii  i'lli'ii  iiri 

Imvi:  II  lllltll  tillllUliI  villi 


■NO  LAND — WALKS. 


930 


I  li  ilili'  ami  (Milliviitcd 

urn  till-  xaiin'. 

ni'l,  ill  will  li  til''  Wtliii 
VuHt  i|iiniUllii'H  of  iriiii, 

llitril  SIuIi:h  Iriilll  NVuii.ii. 

■','1,  wiiH  ifiivcrmil  l>y  it« 
iiili'il  to  lliii,'hhil,  niul  tlia 
ltd  I'finct'  i,\'  U  ulcs. 
1  tlic  inliwul  of  Aiii;l'^''!ii 
it  rriimrkiilili!  i>rilii!  kiml 
IK,  wliirli  riiiiiii  it  iiri  Inn 
ulb  uiid  UHCIul  Htriit'tiiru. 
WuloM.     It  U  iiilimlt'it  ill 

fiirnarcH.    Swiiiihimi  in  u 
mill  ('urrimrvdii,  iin;  Imlli 

of  tliu  luttvr  in  ilit  uuvtiu 

idd  belong  to  KncI md  T 
iiilcd?  lit.  Wlinl  i»  »iiiil 
I,  Slc?  31.  Whin  wn» 
an.  Wliot  In  ii:iiil  u(  III* 
wanncit,  die.  I 


l&i 


Mvp  No.  |H.  —  U'ImI  biMiiiiU  KiikI.iikI  on  llm  north  J  fkl.  ~  |«mih  t 
»;,.<l,—  K.1.1 1  ,N..H«.  —  \V.  .t  I  W...  I  Wi,  -  Wlint  .iriiil  .I'lHiriiUn  it 
iVom  ¥tmi  V  I  Dr.  —  Whui  cliitniitl '  Cli.  —  WImt  vlmiim  I  ImIwiim 
Kiiglanil  mill  Wuli*  1     111. 

.Vtf/j  A».  !;>.  — .What  riur»  f»tm  fwrt  nf  tho  iHriimlur*  >>r(w«i'n 
Knitlaiid  nml  Mmilmid  '  'I'd,  Kit.  —  Win)  IhIU  f  fi.— Wlint  lirili 
>i  (HimtuM  lliit  iinrtli-tvi'iit  and  •>iiilli.wr«t  jnirli  nf  KiiKluid  and  M«ol 
land  I  Hy.  — 'Ihu  iiio«l  miiitliirii  vxlriiiiily  id"  Kn|{Und  I  Ifi*!.— 
Till'  iiiiwl  M'riti'rii  ?    L..Hd, 

Whiili  nr«  llin  thriT  cliiir  rivm  ^      Ifr,  Tn.,  Hn.—  Whkh   lv>« 

Crin  lliu  iIiiiiiIm  r  ?    ().■.,  Ti.  -  Huw  l.i.iif  iim  i  mli »    Tlin  Tlmmi'i » 

Sivirnf     WIml  rmm  (low  ,'nl.i  llif  .N.irlli  N.i  ^     'I'lio  \V.i.|i  f     Kiiij. 

Iixh  Clmniiil  f     llriMol   f'liiiiiniH    Hn.  —  llnw    |.<h|{   u  tliv   latlir  ' 

VVIinl  rivirn  llow  into  llir  IriKli  H.m»  ' 
Whtit  InlnnilN  \u^  at  llm  niuiiili  of  ilii<  Tlmimn  ?    «».,  Tl.  —  tn  lh« 

KrijfiiHh  flmnml  f  Wt.  —  In  Jlii-  lrl>!i  ft.  i  •  ,Mn.  —  In  ihu  Hrinlol 
t  Imiiiii  I  I     r.y.  _  Vrur  l.niid'*  K'lid  /     Sy.  —  Tin  ...  gro  diiiip'roiiii  to 

M'linii  n,  iind  tinmlii  nn;  ntli  ii  wricknl  on  iIhiii.  Ki.r  tin'  |MmJtion  nf 
ilic  N.iriiiiin  Mmr  Wlmt  in  llir  |H)|iiil<iiion  ot'llir  M.'  of  Mim  '  I.  of 
VViulii  ?     Noriii.ni  Km  n  ?     Wlin  li  in  ilir  ilii.  (  |,il<,.  m  iJii^lind  '    Wn 

-Mow  loni;  I-  il  I  {Mrrr,  or  tiitfr,  i.ii;ii4li>  >•  a  lulu.)  Tlu  i  liitf  lilimn' 
'i:i;:'  •     llri.,  .«••,■.•, —  ||.,w  l„..l.  ...c  l!..  ,  ' 

I.  of  Uiijlit/  .\ormiin  Mi-n?  Wlmli  in  Ihu  iliirf  liilir  in  Hnjf. 
.iiiiiW  Wr.  —  lli.w  liiiiif  IK  ji  '  (ilfir,  .,,  mifr,  niiftiiru  n  a  lake.) 
'I'liu  cliii'i'  iiiiiiiiiiuiii*  I     llii,,  Hw.  —  llow  liijfli  ittv  tliry  7 

Wli;it  i«  till!  |io|iiiliilion  ol'  litindim  7  Minrlii  nlrr  '  l.irfr/miilf  llir- 
niiiii;lmiii  ^  Ltnllt  U.iilutf  riyninilli  f  ,\iirwirli  f  Stirffirlit' 
Hull  f  i\ollinp,hamr  r.-rlmnoulli 'f  AVi«  CuMllr  '  Snmlnitnit' 
Hiilh}     (i,mhtvl\ttl     Orfiinlf     Wnrrttirr  f    Shi'iii»liiiri/ '    Clii^ln* 

Voikf  t'ltiliitef  On  wliiil  rlMfi  iiri-  tin  (owiih  |>riiiii  d  in  It.iliii. 
.iliiiitid  ?  In  wlmt  vcurn  did  llii;  Imlllin  tint  iirr  iiiiirknl  on  llif  M.i|i 
take  jil.au  7     Wlmt  li);lit  hoiiMi  in  mur  riyiiioiilli  Hound  '     I'.f. 

llow  fir  from  Knglund  to  Dcnnmrk  ?  To  Kimniit  7  To  lloll.ind' 
To  till'  iMliiid  of  JiTBiy  .'  'rotiiirriiMy  7  To.tji.iin  7  T.i  Niwlijiiinl. 
I.ind  7  To  ('ii|i«  Cliiir?  llow  wido  in  tlio  Mir.ut  of  l))\ir7  lio* 
liiiiL'  and  uido  in  tlio  Iriiili  Sea  I 

Wlmt  boiiniln  Walin  on  the  north  7  I.-So.  — Koulli  7  ||..<'|.  —  KuhI  » 
IM.  —  Wint  7  8..t{..CI.  —  Wlmt  liiiy  on  tin;  wi.t  loiiHt  7  Cii.  —  < )ii  ihg 
•oiilh  ?  S..|Ih.,  Cii.—  Wlmt  inlu.id  inn  iiorlli  of  Wiili<  7  An.  —  VUmi 
tn  llH  |hi|iiil.itioii  7     What  Btrait  He|Kiriiti»  It  rroiii  Wiilin  7     .Mi. 

Wlmt  rivrm  nrc  wholly  in  Wiilin?  t'v.,  Dy.,  Tl*,  Ty.~Wliat  rivori 
rini;  in  Walen,  but  llow  into  i;ii((hiid  7  l)r,,  jin.,  IV.,  Wr.  —  What  ara 
Iho  Ihrco  cliiif  nioiintainn  in  Wiili  n  7  Hn.,  ('.In,,  Pii.  —  ||„w  hi({h  ai« 
the  two  fimt  7  How  ninny  rnilin  in  il  I'roni  St.  D.ivid'n  Iliad  lo  fnrn. 
»orc  r'oitil7  Wlmt  in  (liii  |>o|Milation  of  'Mrrllivr  Tydvil  /  .><wnn»c(i  I 
Cacrinarllicn  7     .MohW     llolywdlf     ('.iLrimri.m  7     llulyluid; 


L. 


--•^1 


A 


m 


t>KICRirTI\B  «it:>N«HArilV. 


Nl>*ll„\M. 

1.  8ri»TI.\Ni>  I"  «•  Mxriliw  till  ■>!'  I'.u.liiixl,  nml  it  rtivii!«.<l  liv 
\\\v  liriinipiriii  litIN  into  lli"  lli  (liltiiiiN  uihI  l.'>Hliiiiiii,  li 
0«mtr\iii»  till'  lii'iln.*!  ItilN  mihI  Ini-yiHi  lnl.i » iii  iSmit  Mritmii. 

a.  Tin-  lli!ihl.inil»,  Mk-  liorthfrij  |!iirt  r>|Hi'»>i!mM!,  i*  n  mttl, 

liilly  r»%;i t.iiir  iit!(i|tt".l  ('•  rMi>.iii](j  mtili-  fliiui  lUriiiiitu. 

TIh'  I^'mIiiikI",  iIm'  ».>iii|i.  rii  I'lirl,  if.  ii  iiMin'  1<*«I  r<ti|.,i.,>, 
wuh  n  tuihl.  riiiily  Itrtili-  xnil,  hIik-Ii  priHlnivi*  wiU,  Uirli'), 
wlit'iti,  ryi>,  (litx,  mill  |Miial>i>'it, 

51.  Till'  miHimiuturi*  nh'  intjirtrlMiif,  miM-rinlly  lint**  nf 
t!i»ili>ii,  wiu.lli  II,  mill  liii'M.  t't(»l  nml  inm  nn-  nlmii  Itiil,  ami 
|»wl  iiMil  .•■.|i|.<i'  (iiv  itUi.  liniiiil,  'I'lii-  cpiiiiiiiri-''  ami  lUlurk-* 
iir<'  viiliiiililr!  Ill''  li'iTiii.,'  Ii«ln'ry  iiin.|..VFt  ni/iny  vrs'tcU  nii'l 
iiH'ij,     'I'liori'  Mil-  MV<  ml  «'mi.i!<  mimI  riiil-rouliH  in  S'ntliiiiii. 

4  Till'  Hii.Uli  iiri'  ft  •!  rlmi"  nml  nll<iiiiie,  ■•  will  '>k  an  nil' r 
(•fluinif  |Mi.|>li',  'I'lii  V  iiri- i.iii' i.r  llir  Im»I  iilii.ii'il,  Hiiil  iiin»l  limit 
illlil  f<lii(liiii«  niili.piwillliiiri'lH.  .Many  Null  lilii.  II  ltit\i  ili»lliieiti»l'"l 
llit'iifilvrii  III  liKriiliiri,  mill  khiik'  Uumi  Im.  ii  iim».iii(»l  tlif  iiiwlwlu 
bralril  |iltilimi>|ilii-ri<,  liiali>riitii»,  mill  [HiiiN  III  liriiit  lliiiuiii, 

ft.  'I'lif  lliulilinili  r»  wiK'  •irii.'limll)  n  iluli  tiiil  |«  ..j.U  rr»iii  tlio  liow 
landfr*.  K.mr  ulitl  »viiir  lli-  iimuiil  iln -»,  nml  bi"!  ill  lit"  limlii' 
imiKUuijr,  Tin-  rri>.|p)ii'  «ti  i-  Hi"  i"tiilili.^li.  ■! « Imnli !  n  «iivii.i.m  Iiur 
inli'ly  tiikrii  |ihici',  iiin'  .iiiirMlllii'  |iri  iiilur-  li,iuii(r  mioiIhI,  iiiul  loriiud 
llir  "  Trii'  Cliiirili  olWriiilmiil,"  in  wl.l-li  Iln-  iiiii.i''l<r«  uiv  il<  .1.  <i  by 
llirir  linin  r». 

«;,  Tilt)  ll.liridm,  Orkmy,  nml  Wuiluml  I'liimln,  are  Hit-  rc>iort  or 
\.\tl  iiiiiiilicrH  III  Hii.l'iwl,  Willi  ii  till'  UliilHlrm  niUli  l>y  diniillJlim 
♦.  illi  rn|M>«.  Irnlll  llir  lll«ll  rllll'i  l'>  '>lii.'ll  ill''  liinl*  riO'Tt 

*.  K'lim  iiri;li,llii'  III  iniiMili"  orSruil.iiul,  lim  luMir  lli'  ^'irili  '.r Forth, 
III"!  .'I'ltl  iii.'!n  N.  Iiy  W.  of  I.<.ml"ii !  U  liuH  I'liiir  In  "I  ii'iliil  lor  it» 
r  I'lin'  uii'l  I'-nriiini,' ;  Iln  iiiiiMrMiy  in  (li»iiiirMii.-li».il,  ami  luiii  ninny 
►  'ml.  Ml".  Till-  I'lly  ti'i'  I'lii  tiw  nmiii'ir'rtiiri'N.  I,.'llh,»  ii"  mii-iHiri,  wiin 
C  riii'rlv  'J  iiiili"  ilixlunl,  Iml  U  ii'.w  j.  in'  il  1  •  il  l-y  i'mliMiiiuM  raiijfuii 
ol"  liiiil'iini''.     r.i|iMliiirirli  t'liMlli   ix  i''.ini'iii''ii.iii>i  in  .'•iiilii»li  lii-lory. 

h.  i;i,i.;;i,w,  llio  Inrjtiil  Illy  ill  Si  oil  iinl,  i«  'ii  Hii'  river  I'lydr.iJi^ 
iiiiU'ii  rroiii  ilH  iii'iiilli :  il  i'«i'h  ill  ;'r'i«|>«iiiy  to  II"'  colloii  inniiuriu'. 
Iiiri'.  'I'll'-  iinivfrxiiy  ih  ti  li'hr'iinl,  unit  llii'  i iiilKilr.il  i«  llic  lK»t.|jro. 
M r\r<l  mHciiiitn  ol"  uolliic  urrliilriUirc  in  Siiitl'iul. 

Senlliiril.  Q.—  \.  Wlml  in  tmi'l  nl'Si  i.lliiiul '  Wlml  ilocn  it  cimtuin  7 
J,  llimrilio  tlio  IFiKliliiniU.  I 'ihI.hi'I".  Wlml  i»  ».iiil  of  iniiimr.ic. 
VkntI  Ciul,  A.C.  ?  CiHiiiiiir.r,  \(.  ?  ('nn;i!»,  \oJ  4.  Tlio  Scotch  7 
"'•otrhiiii  n  '  .'».  Ivncrilio  llir  lli!.'lilunili tk.  Wliiit  in  miiilorriligipn  7 
Clio  Irro  clmrcli?    C,  Tlio  IMiridci,  Ac.  7    7    IKnorilK;  KilinhurKli. 

OlimKow,  _  _____ 

•  Lrith,  LviUk 


T 


riiv. 


iiii1,  nnil  tt  rtiviili.(!  t)V 
I  mill  (."Mliiiiiti.     f) 
,i«  III  (lit  it  Itritiitii. 
i>rKi'u!!niMl, »»  n  cuU\, 

(•iitili>  itiiiii  riiriiiiiiu. 

liMin<  li'\il  I'nii.iD'y, 
riMliii'v*  MiU,  btirli), 

,  miM'ciiilly  Uii)«*  nf 
mi  iiri>  iiliniijiiiit,  oiul 
iiiiiiii'r»'iMiinl  lUlurk-* 
•vM  iii'iny  vrx-u'l*  nii'l 
il.rniiiU  III  Mi'olluiiil. 
lie;,  ail  Ml  II  •»>  III)  rntir- 
III!  Ml  il,  mill  iiii»t  nil  r.il 
liiiii  II  liioi'  il)«(liiKiii"liiil 
I  hiiitiiiitot  tliu  liiu*l  vtilu 
■  trial  lliltiilii, 
mil  iM'H^ilt'  Iriiiii  tlici  liiiw 

II,   Willi    li|>l   ill    tllll   (ilM'llIt 

III  rliiiri  II  i  II  liivUtim  Iiuk 
iuii|r  M'l't-ili'il,  mill  ruriiii'il 

:  llllliixtlTa  urti  ill  I  li  il  liy 

sliinilii,  arc  llii'  ri'Mnrt  uf 
lim  riiU'li  l>y  di'itiTiiiliiiif 
liiriU  fioiTi 
1  •  iii'iir ill    V'irili iTFortli, 

•  ImiK  In  I'll  tlnti'il  liir  iln 
itifiii^-lKil,  .mil  liiK  iimiiy 
.    1,1'llh,*  iln  ni'ii-ihiri,  wiin 

>  it  liy  riiiitiiiiiiiiM  rniiifuii 
Mim  ill  .oii'iiiiixli  hixiory. 

in  I. II  till'  riviT  I'lydi*,  3*1 
y  Id  till'  rnlliiii  liiiiiiuruc. 

I'litlii'ilr.'il  iu  till'  lK»t<pru- 
I'litliiiitl. 

'      Wlllll  lloCd  it  Cllllluill  ? 

I'iiiit  In  ciiii  <ir  iiiiiiiurju. 

iU,\r.l     4.  Tho Scotch 7 

WliMt  in  Kiil.l  iil'ri'liKlon  ? 

7    IK'HorilK.  [''ilinliurKlu 


•OOTLAND. 


Ml 


Miiikuin. 

9.  P.iltUy  ia  niiti'd  flit  (Ilia  riiiinn  flilirirc,  Ptr\U  knd  t)iin<^riiilin« 
liir  ruKiiii  aiitj  lima  iiiuiiiilu  liiri'ii,  Kiiiiioriiutk  Hir  carjM'lii,  ami  Ciir 
r   t-'ttlkirk,   liir   II*  iruiLwurliii.     (•rirniM'k,   Lcilli,  l>iiiult«, 
'I    uiiU  AUrili'i  il  iirit  till  |iriiii'i|ml  ii<'ii.|Mirti>. 

HI.  .siirliii|^  I*  urlt'lirnlnl  l^r  lU  riutli',  MilriiM-  niiil  Ki  Uo  f'lr  ilnsir 
iiKM'iit  iiMivyii,  Ayr  ■•  IIip  ni'i'iit!  lil'aninu  ul  tin:  t'«|ili>il«  ol  IV  ui'  niiil 
WhIIhii',  aiiiMi/rlna  (iri'i'it  liir  tlir  iimrriiiuu  ul' lilKilivii  lavirD  lyuiii 
KnKliiiiil,    lii«i*rn«.<M  !•  ijiiiunlrrrii  ihn  r.i|iilul  of  the  IIikIiIiuhIii. 

II.  lliiiiiiiM-kliiirii  i«  Itiiiiril  lor  llti>  ili'i'i.iivH  victnry  Kiiiiuil  liy  kiriK 
RolRrt  llnii'o  iivrr  l-Mwiiril  II.  uf  KiiKlomlt  nxil  Hniili'ir  tiir  tliut  by 
Croir.wi'll  ovi'r  tlit'  (nvi'ii'iiiii  ra.  At  I'rrKliiii  l'.iiii«  niiii  Kulkirit,  rriiiro 
(.'Imrli'ii,  till'  Hon  of  the  I'rt'lriiiliT,  rtiiitril  tlw  ruyul  tiircca,  miiJ  ut  ('ul- 
lud«n  Muor  hi*  army  wa*  totally  duli'iiU'tl, 

Miip  No.  19.  — WIkiI  bimiuN  Kcotlnml  im  llio  iinrlli  ami  wmtf 
^,.(),i.  —  Kuai  ?  N.-Sii.  —  Siiiiih  f  I'M,,  I,-Su.  —  WIml  n'lnruiin  II 
t'riiiii  Iri-l.'iiiiU  N..('l. —  Mow  sviilii  ii  it'  'I'lh'  iiiiint  iiiirliii'rii  |mrt 
III'  Siiitlmid  I  I>..|ld.  —  tiiiutlivrii  I  MMy.  —  llaaturii  /  U..N».  — 
Wmtorii/     A.l't. 

Firth  or  Frith  U  URrd  in  SriilL-iiii!  Hir  Day  and  Hlriiit,  Wlirrc  it 
Diniiiiih  Firth  T  Ooiimrty  F.  f  .Miirniv  l\  f  K.  of  Tiiv  ?  F.  of 
Forth/  Si.lway  F.  f  F.  of  t'lydu  f  Uii/inn  lUy  I  (Jlcnliifo  U.  / 
Suiiiiil  at  Jura  1     Tho  Minidi  ?     I.ittio  Miiiili  ' 

WhiTii  in  ('(i|)o  Wrnlh  /  Miiiinrt  lli'iidf  |liiM('iin:ihy  IF.  f  Ken 
naird'n  II.  f  'JVIh'I  NiKH?  llmlmn.N./  .Mull  nr^Jiillnw-iy  f  ,M.  uf 
Cantiri' /  Ari'iiniiiiin  liiia  PuiiitF  (Ni'aii  and  .Mull  uru  lliv  ■uiiiu  uh 
IJnjM',  I  kill,  or  I'oiiil.) 

What  inland*  lio  wont  of  Hcotiaiid  7     Ila.  ur  W..It.— What  iilo'tda 


!*  Puinley,  PcrtU,  Grrrnii.  k,  .Vc 
It    Uamiiickbiirn.  Dunhir,  die. 7 
;!J' 


lU.  Whk  it  said  uf  Stirling,  ^o. 


\l 


if.*!' 


243 


D£SCIUPTIVB   OUOORAPIIT. 


oorlh  7  Oy.  —What  Firth  HcparatcH  them  7  Pd.  —  How  wide  ii  it  J 
What  iiriandii  lie  norlh^OHt  from  thu  Orkneys  7  Sd.  — Whtt  iu  the 
population  of  the  Shetland  In.  7  Orkney  In.  7  llcbrideii  7  Which  is 
the  chief  town  of  tlio  Uubridei  7  8y.  —  Orknoya  7  Kl.  —  Shetland 
Ii.7    Lk. 

\yhere  is  Staffa  7  lona  7  Staffa  containa  the  magnificent  natural 
curiosity  called  Fingal'a  Cave.  lona  wai  anciimtly  colebrated  for  ita 
rcligiouH  iniititutiong,  hcIiooIii,  and  learned  men. 

l-akcB  arid  inlets  ore  called  Lochs  in  Scotland.  Where  i»  Loch 
Shin  7  L.  Mare  7  L.  Ness  7  L.  Rannocli  7  L.  Tay  7  L.  Lomond  1 
L.  Lrven  7  On  an  island  in  the  latter  are  the  ruins  of  the  castle  in 
winch  the  celebrated  Mary,  Queen  of  SrotH,  was  impriboned.  How 
long  is  L.  Ness  7  L.  Lomond  7  WIktc  is  L.  Assynt  7  L.  Broom  7 
L.  Sunart  7    L.  Linnhe  7     L.  Awe  7    L.  Fine  7 

What  rivcrB  flow  into  Murray  Firth  7    Sy.,  Dn.  — The  North  Sea? 

Yn.,  1  »n.,  Dc.,  H.-Ek.,  S.-Ek./rd.  —The  F.  of  Tay  7    Ty.,  En The 

F.  of  Forth  7  Fh.  —  Solwny  F.  7  Ek.,  Nh.,  Dc.  —  The  F.  of  Clyde  7 
Dn.,  Ar.,  Co.  —Where  is  the  Caledonian  Canal  7  This  work  connect! 
Murray  Firth  and  L.  Linnhe.  The  Firths  of  Clyde  and  Forth  are 
united  by  tlio  Fortii  and  Clyde  Canal.  On  what  river*  are  {lie  chief 
cities  7 

Where  are  the  Grampian  Hills  7  Cheviot  Hills  7  Ben  Nevis  7  Cairn, 
gorm  Mt7  Ben  Lawers?  How  hieh  are  the  three  last  7  Ben  Nevis 
IS  the  highest  mountain  in  Great  Britain.     (Ben  signifies  Mountain.) 

What  is  the  population  of  Glasgow  7  Edinburgh  7  Aberdeen  7 
Paisley  7  Dundee  7  Leith  7  Greenock  7  Kihnarnock  7  Dun'crm. 
line  7  Where  is  John  o'Groat's  House  7  This  was  long  ago  noted  u 
tJie  most  northerly  dwelling  in  Scotland  :  it  is  now  in  ruins. 

How  far  from  the  CIvdo  to  the  West  Indies  7  Scotland  to  Labra- 
dor  7  To  Iceland  7  trom  the  Faroe  to  the  Orkney  Is.  7  From 
Greenland  to  the  Shetland  Is.  7  To  the  Faroe  Is.  from  Shetland  7 
To  Norway  7    From  Scotland  to  Norway  7    To  Sweden  ? 

IRELAND. 

1.  Ireland  is  a  fine  fertile  island,  lying  west  of  Great 
Britain.  The  climate  is  mild  and  moist,  which  produces  a 
beautiful  and  continued  verdure,  and  has  led  to  its  poetical 
appellations  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  and  Green  Erin. 

2.  The  surface  of  the  country  is  moderately  uneven,  with 
few  mountains.  There  are  many  peat  bogs,  which  supply 
fuel,  but  are  useless  for  other  purposes. 

3.  Agriculture  is  in  a  less  improved  state  than  in  England 

IreUnd.  Q.—1.  What  is  Ireland  7  What  ii  naid  of  the  climate  T 
8.  The  »urftoo,  Ac.  7    3.  Agriculture 7    ChiefproducU7    4.Graniif 


I  ^mw'umimim*. 


IIY. 

Pd.  —  How  wide  it  itt 

8?    Sd.— VVliU  i»  the 

Hcbridcii  ?    Wliich  is 

noy«7    Kl.— Shetland 

ho  magniHcont  natural 
i:ntly  colubratcd  for  itM 

ilond.  Where  in  Loch 
L.  Tay  7  L.  Lomond  ? 
10  ruins  of  the  castle  in 
ivai  iinpriHoned.  How 
.  Assynt  7    L.  Broom  7 

Dn.  — The  North  Sea  7 
I'ay'  Ty.,  En — The 
»c.  —  The  F.  of  Clyde  7 

7  This  work  connect! 
r  Clyde  and  Forth  are 
lat  river*  are  {lie  chief 

8  7  Ben  Nevis  7  Cairn, 
three  last  7  Ben  Ncvia 
n  signifies  Mountain.) 
inburgh  7  Aberdeen  7 
hiiarnock  7  Dun'brm' 
I  was  long  ago  noted  aa 
now  in  ruins. 

7  Scotland  to  Labra- 
)  Orkney  Is.  7  From 
oe  Is.  from  Shetland  7 
]  Sweden  7 


ying  west  of  Great 
,  which  produces  a 
i  led  to  Its  poetical 
3en  Erin. 

trately  uneven,  with 
bogs,  which  supply 

ite  than  in  England 

I  aaid  of  the  climate  1 
product*  7    4.Graiiiif 


T 


IRELAND.  243 

or  Scotlnnil.  Barley,  oats,  wheat,  and  flax,  arc  extensively 
cultivuteJ ;  but  potutDCS  are  the  cliiof  product,  and  Ibrm  tl><j 
principal  HxmI  ol  the  poor. 

4.  Grazing,  and  the  dairy,  are  the  best-managed  oarts  of  Irish  hus- 
bandry, and  produce  the  best  beef  and  butter  in  Euruiio.  Linen  it 
tlie  Ktapio  manufacture,  and  forms,  with  the  products  ot  the  soil,  the 
chief  cxfiortM  of  thu  country. 

5.  The  people  of  Ireland  arc  generous,  quick-witted,  and  hospitable, 
out  arc  easily  offended,  ond  prone  to  ri'scntment.  The  Episcopal  is 
tlio  extnbliHlied  religion,  yet  fuur-fiflhs  of  the  inhabitants  are  Catholics : 
»l«)Ut  half  of  the  remainder  are  Presbyterians,  Muny  are  ignorant 
of  the  English  tongue,  ond  use  the  IriHli  only,  a  language  similar  to 
that  spoken  by  the  Scotch  IlighlunderH. 

6.  Tlio  peaHantry  live  mostly  in  a  state  of  abject  poverty  and 
wretchedness.  They  are  oppressed  by  the  agents  ol  their  landlords ; 
must  of  the  latter  are  absentees,  spending  abroad  the  money  wrung 
from  their  wrelched  tenantry.  The  titlies,  exaelcd  for  the  support  of 
the  CHtablishcd  church,  and  the  taxes,  help  to  impoverish  tlio  people. 
Beggars  are  numerous,  and,  notwithstanding  the  natural  fertility  of 
Ireland,  many  of  the  jMxir  have  perished  with  hanger. 

7.  The  Giant's  Causeway  is  situated  on  the  north  coast  of  the  island, 
and  is  an  astonishing  work  of  nature.  It  consists  of  vast  numbers  of 
perpendicular  columns  of  basaltic  rock,  from  2U0  to  400  feet  higlu 

8.  Dublin  is  the  chief  city  of  Ireland :  it  stands  on  both  sides  and 
at  tlifi  mouth  of  tlie  river  Liffoy.    Ita  public  edifices  are  numerous  and 

beautiful.  Among 
Uie  latter,  St.  Pa- 
trick's Cathedral,  the 
Bank  of  Ireland,  the 
Exchange,  and  tlie 
Four  Courts,  are  con- 
spicuous. The  chief 
part  of  tlio  suburbs, 
and  some  streets  in 
the  city,  are  the 
abodes  of  thousands 
who  live  in  wretch- 
edness and  distress : 
between  wealth  and 


Four  Courts,  Dublin, 
indeed,  few  places  exhibit  a  greater  contrast 


poverty.  Dublin  is  connected  with  the  Siiannon  river  hy  tlie  Koyal 
and  Grand  Canals ;  and  with  Kingston  by  on  atmospheric  railway— 
tiio  first  work  of  the  kind  yet  finished. 

9.  Cork  is  noted  for  its  trade  in  salted  provisions.    lis  harbour, 
called  tlio  Cove,  is  capacious  and  strongly  forufied.     Limi^rick  ia 


Ac.  7    Linen  7    5.  Describe  the  people.    Religion.    6.  What  is  said 
of  the  ptiasantry  7    Beggars  7    7,  Describe  Uie  Giant's  Causeway,    & 


' 


244 


DESCUirTIVB   QEOCIRArilY. 


rinioiiR  for  thn  bIcjjch  it  has  miHtiiiiicd.  liclluHt  in  the  cmiioriiim  of  th« 
'incii  trade ;  it  is  the  iiiohI  llourisliiiig  town  in  Irclaiul.  Killuiiiiy  i» 
notcil  liir  itH  Ix'autifiil  whito  iiiid  hliitrk  iiiiirlpk'.  Killnrticy  iH  much 
resorted  Id  liy  tliose  who  visit  the  adjiicuiil  lukc.  Maynooth  i»  the  scat 
of  a  noted  Ciithohc;  euiUge. 

10.  Wiiterford  has  nil  extrntdve  inlereoiirsr  with  England  nnd 
Walca.  (ialwuy,  Sliy".  l)ri);;heda,  IJiiiidalk,  Newrv,  and  Lnndoil. 
derry,  ore  oil  <<Misi(li.rahle  Kiii.|Hirl  limns.  Tiic  last  u  celehralid  for 
it.s  bilge  by  the  (ones  of  James  II.,  in  I(i!)0-1.  Near  Orojrhe<lu  fi.i 
the  river  Doyne  WiMiiini  III.,  and  at  Agiirini  General  Giukell,  defeated 
the  army  of  Jameu  II, 

100- 

Map  iVb.  ID. — Wliut  lionnds  Ireland  on  tlio  north,  south,  nnd  wcitT 
A.-On.  — On  Ihe  east/  I..Sa. — Wliat  scparalea  it  from  England? 
I.-Sii.  —  How  long  and  wide  is  Ihe  Irish  Sea?  Erom  Scotland/  N..CL 
—  How  wido  is  it?  Erom  Wales?  S.  G.-Cl.  —  How  wide  is  it? 
Which  is  the  most  northern  |)art  of  Ireland  ?  M.-Ild.—  Most  south- 
cm?  M..Hd.  —  .Most  western?  CSI.  — Where  is  RathHn  I.? 
Tory  I.?  North  Isles  of  Arran  ?  Aehil  I.  ?  t^jarc  I.  ?  Enisturc  1,7 
Soulli  Isles  of  Arran  ?     iJlasket  I.  ?     Valentia  I.  ?    C.  Clear  I.  ? 

Where  is  Carlinglbrd  Biiy  ?  DundalkB,?  Dublin  IJ.?  BantryD.T 
KcnmarcB.7  Dingle  H.?  GalwayB.?  Killala  B.?  Donegal  B.? 
Wexford  Harbour  ?  WaterfordH.?  Cork  H.  7  Mahn  Head  ?  Eair 
H.7     KinsalcII.?     MizcnH.?    LoopH.?     Urris  H,  ?    T.illenH.7 

Where  is  f.oiigh  Swilly  ?  (The  term  I-ough  is  used  in  Ireland  for 
lakes  and  inlets  of  the  sea.)  Where  is  Lough  Foyle?  B<lliist  L. 7 
r,.  Strangtl.rd  ?  L.  Nengh  ?  L.  E.irne  ?  L.  Allen  ?  L.  IJee  ?  L. 
Deirgart  I  Of  what  river  <lu  the  three  last  named  louglis  form  a  part  ? 
Sn.— Where  i»  L.  Mask?  L.  Corrib?  Lake  of  Killarncy ?  'i'liis 
lake  is  celebrated  for  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  its  scenery.  How 
long  is  Lough  Ncngh  7    This  is  the  largest  lake  in  Ireland. 

Where  is  the  Bann  river  7  Foyle  7  Boyno  7  Liffcy  ?  Avoca,  or 
Ovoca?  Slaney?  Barrow?  Suire?  Blackwatcr?  Lee?  Shannon? 
How  long  is  the  Shannon  ?  What  river  Hows  into  L.  Ncagh  7  Br.— 
Where  is  the  Ghurane  TucI  Mt,  7  How  liigh  is  it  7  This  is  the  highest 
mountain  in  Ireland.  When  were  tlie  battles  of  Aghriin  ..nd  the  Boyno 
fought  7    On  what  river  is  Dublin  7    The  other  principal  cities  7 

What  is  the  population  of  Dublin  7  Cork  7  Belfast  7  Limerick  T 
Waterford?  What  towns  have  from  10,000  to  19,000?  Ah.,  Ly., 
Wy.,  Dk.,  Bn.,  Ac.,  So.,  CI.,  Da.,  Gv.,  Ky.—  How  far  from  Ireland  to 
Iceland  7  To  Labrador  7  To  Spain  7   From  Capo  Clear  to  Land's  End  J 

In  what  part  of  Ireland  is  Ulster  7  Lcinstcr?  Munstcr?  Con- 
naught?  (These  are  provinces  which  are  subdivided  into  counties; 
they  were  in  ancient  times  independent  kingdoms.) 

Dublin.    9.  Cork,  Limerick,  Belfast,  &o.    10.  What  is  said  of  Water, 
ford,  Galway,  &.C. ;    Londonderry  7    Drogheda7 


T 


[•IIY. 

I JH  the  Ginimritim  of  the 
n  Iri'liiiul.  Kilkenny  in 
lilc.  Killnrticy  Ih  much 
c.   Maynootli  ia  the  scat 

rso  with  Enpliiml  nnd 
,  Nfwrv,  and  London- 
lie  lust  la  ccli'lirati'd  for 
-1.  Neiir  lJro)[rht'<lu  ri.n 
icnorul  Giukt'll,  dcfuatcd 


north,  sntith,  nnd  west  7 
ntcs  it  fruiu  En^ri.ind  7 

From  Scotland  /  N,.CL 
CI. —  How  wide  ih  it  7 

M..IId.— MiiHt  Houth- 
Where   in    Rathlin    1.7 

I'larcl.  7     EiiisturcL7 

1.7  C.  Clear  I.? 
Dublin  IJ.  7  Buntry  D.  7 
llala  H.7  Doiionul  B.7 
.  7  Mnlin  Head  /  Fair 
Urris  H.  ?  T.  illcn  H.  7 
h  is  used  in  Irolund  for 
gh  Foylo7  Beltiisl  L.7 
.  Allen  ?  L.  Koc  ?  L. 
lied  loufrhs  form  a  i):irt  7 
10  of  Killarncy  7  'I'liis 
It  of  its  scenery.  How 
ie  in  Ireland. 
1 7  Liffcy  ?  Avoca,  nr 
Iter  7  Lee  7  Shannon  7 
into  L.  Ncagh  7  Br.— 
I  it  7  This  is  the  highest 
^  Aghriin  >.nd  the  Boyne 
:r  principal  cities  7 

Belfast  7  Limerick  7 
to  19,000?  Ah.,  Ly., 
jw  far  from  Ireland  to 
10  Clear  to  Land's  End  7 
Iter  7  Munstcr  7  Con- 
bdividod  into  counties; 
>ins.) 

What  is  Boid  of  Water- 
a? 


Makinj  Wine.  Gathering  (iropc. 

FRANCE. 

1.  France  is  a  grrat  (ind  powcrOil  kingdom,  and  has  for 
ages  Leon  distingiiisiicd  for  the  important  part  it  has  enacted 
in  tiic  alfairs  of  Europe. 

2.  The  country  is  bcnufiful  and  fertile,  and  the  climate 
temperate  and  salubrious.  The  surface  is  mostly  an  extended 
plum,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  well  adapted  to  cultivation. 

3^  Agriculture  is  more  advanced  than  in  many  other  parts 
01  l-.urope.     rnc  manufactures  are  various;  and  the  com- 
mprce  though  not  so  extensive  as  that  of  Great  Britain  or  the 
JmtcHl  btntes,  is  carried  on  with  almost  all  parts  of  the  "lobe 
Knil-roads  are  exciting  much  attention  in  France. 

4.  The  chief  products  are  wheat,  Indian-corn,  grapes,  olives  and 
the  «uffar.beet.    From  the  latter  23  million  pounds  of  Zar  are  m!de 

ZT^-    ^'"'  'T^'^\^'  "'■*''■='"''''  >-'^''^  250  different  kfnds  of  wine' 
ticy  occupy  near  5  mdhon  acres,  and  their  annual  produce  is  ab"u 
SoO  million  gallons.    Claret,  Burgundy,  and  Champagne  are  the  pr"n 
cipd  wines.    Silk  and  wool  are  important  products:  ^ 

5,  The  French  are  brave,  active,  and  ineenious— DoliiA  in  «!,«;. 
mannors.and  fond  of  show  and  amusemenl  Their  lei  d  S 
excel  m  the  belles-lettres,  mathematics,  astronomy,  and  chcmisTry 

3.  Of  agriculture,  &c.?     4.   ProducU?     Vineyards?     5.  Of  ^e 


DESCniPTIVB  QEOORAPIIV. 


210 

Tlio  nmii  of  llio  people  arc,  however,  hiU  indifforonlly  educated,  not 
nioro  Uiuii  hair  buiiiK  ablu  lo  read  and  writu. 

C.  CullcKtu,  Bchouli,  and  pul>lic  lit  rurivii  uro  numcroua,  and  the  city 
of  Fari«  contain*  thu  nioHt  celcliratcd  iicicntitic  omuiciation  in  tlii' 
world.  Tlicro  ii  no  mtablialiod  religion  in  I'Vnncp,  but  the  |Koplo  art) 
chiclly  CutliolicH.    iMinialcrt  oi  all  icut*  arc  paid  by  },'ovcrnincnt. 

7.  Tlio  French  language  ii  tho  moiit  refined,  and  tiio  best  adapted 
lo  eonverHtttion  of  any  in  Europe,  and  ia  much  URcd  in  polite  locicty, 
'I'lic  up|icr  clojMcii  in  Friincc  excel  in  duncing,  tcncinf^,  and  other 
^raeeliil  accoiP,.iiHliincntii  j  and  tho  women  taku  an  active  aharc  in 
all  the  utfairi  of  lite. 

8,  'I'lic  government  of  France  ix  tho  moHt  limited  monarchy  in  Eu. 
ro|)c.  'I'ho  IcKliilativc  power  U^longH  to  tho  iiovcrci|{n,  jointly,  witli  tho 
two  great  nMoniil  ofiscmblieR :  the  ('haml)cr  of  FeerH,  nominated  for 
life  by  tho  king,  and  thu  chamber  of  Deputieg,  choHcu  by  tho  olcctort. 

i),  France  ha«  long  been  a  great  military  power.  Under  the  Knipe 
ror  Na|H)Ieon  the  army  was  the  nioxt  formidublu  in  Eurojic,  and  cum. 
prised  bi(M),OUU  men.  It  hui  now  344,UUU.  'I'he  navy  congiKta  of  342 
vetiNeiH,  40  arc  diipa  of  thu  line,  and  74  arc  HleamerB. 

10.  The  principal  coIohIch  arc  Aljjerin,  Scncfjiil,  and  IhIo  Dourbon, 
in  Africa ;  Ciuaduloupe,  iMurtiniiiuc,  >Vc.,  in  the  VVcKt  Indieii;  Cayenne, 
in  Guiuna,  and  I'undiuherry,  in  Aiiiu.  Tlio  colonial  (Kipulution  in 
9,0U3,UU0,  which,  added  to  that  of  France,  amuunts  to  3U,tiG3,UU0. 


T 


168  ■ 


11.  Paris,  the  capital  of  Franco,  is  on  the  river  Seine,  112 
hiiles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  tlie  second  city  in  EurojKj  for 
»ize,  and  the  first  in  splendour.  Tho  public  buildings  and 
palaces  are  numerous,  and,  generally,  excel  those  of  London. 

12.  This  city  is  also  noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  public  gardens, 
founUiins,  and  monuments,  and  for  the  value  of  its  libraries  u.id  lite, 
rary  inHtitutions.  It  is  es|>ccially  diHtinguishcd  for  the  gaiety  of  its 
inhabitants,  and  the  variety  of  iu  public  oinupcments. 

13.  Lyons  is  on  the  river  Rhone,  at  its  junction  with  the  Saonc.  K 
hns  long  been  noted  for  its  silk  niauufactures.  MarKcilles  is  the  priiw 
oipal  Hca-iwrt  in  tlio  Mediterranean.  Bordeaux  is  well  known  for  it* 
wincK;  Rouen  for  its  manufactures  of  colion,  woolli  n,  and  linen  j  and 
Blrosburg  for  its  cathedral,  tho  stceplu  of  whicb  is  4G5  feet  high. 

14.  Ithcinis,  Lille,  Nantes,  and  Orleans,  ore  ini()ortant  towns.  Ton 
Ion  is  the  chief  naval  station  on  the  Mediterranean;  and  Brest,  on  tlw 

French  ?    Learned  men  7     Mass  of  tho  people  7    6.  Colleges,  &c  7 
Religion 7     7.  Tho  French  language?      The  upper  clasfcs?     The 
women  7    8.  Tho  Govcrnmeni,  &c.  7    9.  Army  and  navy  i     10.  Prin- 
cipal  colonics  7 
11.  Describe  Poria.    19.  For  what  ii  it  noted  7    13.  Lyons,  &0.T 


Al 
an 


agi 
tcl 
un( 

1 
Vci 
of, 

Ill'C 

Nil 

1 

mei 
i'i. 
tow 

A 
Sou 
rive 
—  G 
the 
the] 
F«.. 
Mts. 
Ac.- 
Whi 
Man 
louat 
ranei 
mam 
dcau; 
burg 


*nil«i 
Aij((x 
irtoii 
Auch, 
Auver 
Atttt 

A*I|U' 

Bcum 

Bordei 
Boulnj 
C'len, 

Callii, 
Ctfrfii 
L'haJnr 
Cti«inf 
Ciuuuj 


14.  R 

tlieoti 


kPIlY. 

idiffurontly  educatad,  not 

ro  numcroud,  and  the  city 
I'litific  SNUociation  in  tlic 
I'Vitner,  but  tho  jKopIo  aru 

puid  hy  j,'ovcrruncnt. 
cd,  and  tlio  best  adapted 
ich  URed  in  pnlito  incicty. 
icing,   tcncin);,  and  other 

tttku  an  active  iharc  in 

limited  monarchy  in  Eii. 
ovcrci|{n,  jointly,  witli  tho 
:r  of  FcerH,  nominated  for 
:g,  choHcn  by  tho  electors. 

power.  Under  tho  Knipu 
ublu  in  Euro|ic,  and  com. 
'I'lic  navy  conHititii  of  34i) 
HteanicrH. 

encfriil,  and  IhIo  Dourbon, 
the  VVckI  IndicH;  Cayenne, 
ho  colonial  iKipulution  m 
iniuuutD  to  3U,i3U3,UUO. 


on  the  river  Seine,  112 
ond  city  in  EurojKj  for 
3  public  buildings  and 
excel  those  of  London. 

aty  of  its  public  gardens, 

3  of  its  libraries  u.id  lite. 

:ihed  for  the  gaiety  of  its 

mi<emcntH. 

nction  with  the  Saonc,    K 

18.    MurKi'illcs  is  tho  priiv 

ttux  is  well  known  for  ita 

II,  woolh  n,  and  linen  ;  and 

hicb  is  4U5  feet  high. 

irc  ini|)ortant  towns.    Ton 

rancan ;  and  Brest,  on  tlw 

>copIc  7  6.  Colleges,  &c.  7 
Phc  upper  clashes?  The 
■my  and  navy  i     10.  Prin. 

noted?    13.  Lyons,  dto.T 


T 


I        "ffe'i 


FHANCB.  2417 

rJi^/'"', '?/'"'  '"'■"f''"''  ""val  JopAt  of  the  kingdom.     Ilavro  da 
(.race,  or  Havre  at  the  mouth  of  the  Seine,  is  tho  "L-aTHirt  of  Pari. 

and  Toulouse,  iffl  souul  of  Cntl  "''°' '"  '"""*  '""•"•  "  """" 

17   The  isTand"'o?r''"''''''''''-''''.'".''"^'^  «"'^'"=''""  «''  'l"  «"«  "'''"al' 
menVnfVv  "/Corsica,  in  tho  Mediterranean  sea,  is  a  denart. 

iT  Itilated  U..,''  ""^'""'  iV'"'"»'tainous,a.id  its  soil  stonj'and 
l'  w„  A  •  A  *  ""T  """■'■"""  nnd  fisheries.  Ikstia  is  tho  chief 
town.    Ajaccio  (A-jat'-sho)  is  the  birth-place  of  Naj^-leon  iLnaparto 

...0  f L'r^bitwt-Frotvrdi  r^;  -^r  te'r- 

Mts.  betwcx-n  tl?rRh  no^Vthellr?  ^cl'^^i^V  /.?-T"'''%' 
Marseille.  7  ^on^?"'  CZLl''i^Jni%T£fZ£/TJ 

many  inhaZ"nU  t  B^stiaS"  ^tiiT^*;,"^^^^^^  ?"  '"  "»" 
deaux7  Rouen?  Nantes  7  Tou^^  Or  LaS  7  tI^IS  V"'' 
burg?    Point  out  Tours,  and  other  noteybatt" '-fields.       "^ '    ^'"^ 

MMH,  A.BM  AD' 
Aii(ouIbu«.  iD-ctKhlunr 

^"r..*r-'"'^  c,;crc;;;7 

l)iepi«.  De-ep' 
full.  Fwt 

FonUioblfliu,  FoR.ttn-blo' 
friDcti.  Cnnio,  rnuih  Coa-I.' 
OA,iinM,  OfriiD' 
Olnode,  Je*rand 

UII<,Utl 


iluch,  (lib 
AuirariM,  u-ftm' 
«lcm,  ()4>ir' 

5«r«M,  B>r4ia' 
SMlgcno,  V—lta-mf 

nordwut,  Bor-da' 
BoulotDt,  Bo-kiu' 

ciitit,  iur4i 

C«»enn«,  Satto' 
Chalooi,  SlU'liin' 
f:!>"'l»«li«,  Slnni^i.Mr 
Uuunool,  SbaW'PMi* 


Nintii,  Nioii 

Nirbntw,  Nar^or 

Niimti.  NMm 

Orlhiu,  Or-U' 

FDillin  or  Poleiim,  FoT-tMn- 

ReDUef,  Rail  -■      /        • 

Hhelmi,  Remi 

Hochtrori,  RMh-for' 

Ri>clnlle,  Ko4hll' 

Hnuen,  Hu'^anx 

Saooa,  Sooi 

Saina,  Haul 

Trmlon,  Too'-tnn| 

ToqIihim,  Too  lona' 

yAlrnciuimn,  VaUnia-io 

Ver.ailli»,  Ver-aalB- 

Voi«ai,Voih 


Umofai,  U.Bnh' 
lolre,  Lwar 
LH}riaal,  L.or'-ft^nK 
ManailJaa,  Mtntitf 
Mall,  M>M 

■•bu,  Moa-<o4iu 


L 


948 


DRBCRIPTIVE  OROaRAPIIYi 


Mldrid. 

SPAIN. 

1.  Spain  was  once  the  most  powerful  of  Kiirni)rnn  kinp 
doniH,  but  it  is  now  ono  of  tli<'  most  fccMc.     Including  I'oi- 
tugal,  it  comprispH  that  pnrt  of  wrstcrn  lyiroiMJ  often  culltd, 
by  way  of  diHlinction,  tlio  "  IVninsula." 

2.  Tlio  interior  in  trnvorsed  l)y  llio  Sicrrn  Novndn,  nntl 
other  monntuin  ranges,  whieh  cause  the  surliiee  to  Ito  ^ii^atiy 
diversified.  Much  of  the  soil  is  lerlili',  hut  a(ir''.Miltui-e  is 
neglected ;  and  the  commerce  and  manufactures  liuve  grt^atly 
declined. 

3.  Tho  exports  nro  Slirrry,  Miilnp;;i,  mid  otlirr  wiius,  raiNinn,  aU 
mondH,  wool,  iiilk,  &c.;  Ilic  nnpi>rtn  arc  chiclly  IJriliwli  iiiaiiuliicliirc!., 
and  c(iIoiii;il  prixlucr.  Merino  wlirip  arc  manrroUH,  and  llio  fnicncHa 
of  their  wool  is  well  known;  they  are  said  to  aiiiuuiit  to  14  iiiillioiiB. 

4.  The  Spanish  government,  onn?  liic  niont  almohilo  in  Kiiropp,  i> 
now  liinilcd.  The  eonHlitution  of  IKM"  KuaranliiK  the  iiliirly  of  thi 
prcBH,  tuul  oilier  coBentinl  prineiplrs  ot"  tirciloin.  The  Catholic  in  tin 
national  religion ;  and  the  iimimciiaiicc  of  its  iiiiiilslcrM  is  provided  fin 
by  law.  There  are  levcriil  universities  in  ISpaiti;  Init  the  niudcs  of 
inatrurtion  are  unsnited  to  the  |in'senl  liiiicH.  Kdiieatioii  is  not  genu 
ral ;  and  Imt  few  of  the  lower  class  liarii  to  read  and  write. 

5.  Gravity  of  manner,  with  (jniit  pride  of  birth  nnd  rank,  dirtin. 
guish  the  higher  cIuhb  of  Spaniards ;  but  the  lower  orderH  are  chccrl'ul, 

Spain.  Q. — 1.  What  was  Spain,  &.C.  7  What  doet  it  comprise  T 
S.  What  ill  said  of  the  interior?  Soil  7  Commerce,  Aio.?  3.  The 
exports?     liniHirts?    Merino  sheep  f     4.  Of  llio  government 7    Uoli- 

Cm?    UnivcrHiticB,  &n.  7     .5.  What  in  said  ot   the  higher  class? 
wer  orders  7    Amusements  ?    6.  W.'iat  did  this  country  forincrlv 


L 


APIIV. 


•fill  of  r'iirni)rnn  kinp 
M)\t'.  Including  I'oi- 
rn  liiirofic  often  called, 


ic  Siorrn  Novndn,  nnd 
lie  surliicc  tu  1k)  mi'utly 
tik',  l)Ut  iif;r'':ultui'e  is 
nul'actiires  liuvo  grt^utly 

i\  ollirr  wincn,  raiNinfi,  aU 
(•fly  liritiNli  iii.imirailiirci-, 
uiiK^niUH,  utid  the  fiiicncsa 
to  aiiiuuiit  to  14  millions, 
lout  atiHultilu  in  Kiiropc,  i> 
laranlicK  IIk!  liliirty  of  tin 
['(loin.  Tlic  CiitlioliR  in  tin 
its  iiiliiislcrM  is  provided  flu 
I  Hpain ;  Init  tlio  modes  ol 
H,  Kdiieation  is  not  gene 
LI  read  and  write. 

of  birth  nnd  rank,  distin- 
e  lower  orders  ure  chccrlul, 

Whnt  doct  it  compritw '' 
CoMimercc,  Ace.?  3.  The 
Dl' llio  ffovcrnnient  7  Ucli- 
said  ot   the  hi)(licr  class? 

did  this  country  furnicrlv 


r  1"  il,  anil  courteous.  Thu  fiivoiirito  nniiisoinonls  am  niiiwip,  ilineinff, 
un<i  Imll.litfliU  !  tlio  Ittllor  uro  attended  hy  thouxundn  of  all  ri.nk-t. 

(1.  S|>!iiM  oneo  nosKcssed  vaitl  tcrrilnricH  in  Anierieiii  oCwhi.  h,  Culin 
ami  I'orlo  llie.i  alono  remain.  The  otiirr  coloiiirs  are  thu  Catmry  lA. 
nuiU  in  the  Athmtie  Ocean,  and  the  riiili|i|>ine,  (^irolin.',  mid  f.adriimi 
I.! iiiiIm,  in  the  roeific.     'I'lie  colonial  populalion  in  ahoiU  •»,-.ii)l),l)00 

7.  Aladrid,  the  ropital  of  Spain,  U  on  the  Manitannrcx,  a  s»mll  branrli 
ot  the  la;,'in.  It  contains  a  iiiiiidH-r  ofthurelieM  anil  eoiivenln,  hcMiden 
several  Hplniilid  pnlaees.  |(  ih  n  liatidHomo  hiit  Rlociny  eity.  H,ir. 
( vinuaiiiul  .idir.  lire  the  elii.r  Hca.porl- :  the  latlrr  i^  on  the  islo  of 
Ln,n.    It  IS  HtronKly  /lirliliid,  and  in  one  ol'lheol(le.,t  townn  in  Kuro|>o, 

H.  CJranada,  Seville,  and  Cordova,  were  onre  Atoori-li  capitals, 
MnlaKa  and  Alieant  ox|Kirt  wines  and  fruits,  Dilhoa  wool,  and  San. 
tamler  grani  and  Hour,  Valencia  is  noted  tor  silks,  Toledo  llir  sword. 
bii'les,  Salaiiianea  lor  its  university,  Alinadeii  lor  it-  rieh  silver-minos, 
and  I  alos  an  the  port  whence  Coluiilmi  nailed  on  his  first  voyaffo  to 
Aiiieriea,     I'crrol  is  tlio  chief  station  of  the  Spanish  navy, 

!»,  Saraijossa,  IladajoTi,  I'ainprltnm,  St.  Sehastim,  and  Cadix,  ow 
and 'I'alavera,  .Sahinianea,   lliirirus,  and  Vit. 

)ir  Capm 
I  by  tho 
rd  Nelson  was  killed. 

10.  (iihraltar,  nt  the  southern  extremity  of  Spain,  is  the  stronirost 
Pirlilied  town  in  tho  world;  it  is  oden  called  the  'Koek.'  'I'his  plaoo 
wa  I  captured  by  thu  Uritisli  in  1701,  who  have  held  it  ever  sineo, 

11.  The  Ralearic  Isles  aro  Majorca,  .'Minorca,  Ivica,  and  sonio 
"tlKTii:  they  aro  inhabited  by  a  hardy,  industrious  people.  Port 
Million,  in  iMinorca,  is  often  resorted  to  by  United  Sl.ites' ships  of  war. 

13.  A.MionnA.— This  little  republic,  with  a  territory  of  HlOsnnaro 
miles,  and  H.IIOO  inhabitants,  lies  on  tho  south  sidi^  of  the  I'yrcnots. 
liiMdes  Andorra,  tho  capital,  it  contains  live  sinull  villages. 


fiiiious  lor  their  sieges;  and 'I'alavera,  .Salamanca,  lllll•^,„,  „ 
l|iria,  lor  battles  Ihught  between  the  Freni'h  and  Kieilish.  Oil 
Si.  Vincent  iiid 'I'rafilgar  great  naval  vielorie.s  were  gaini.'d 
liritinh;  at  the  last,  tho  renowned  admiriil  Li     " 


S.iith?     M..Sa„ 


AVhat  bounn»  ?;".in  on  the  north?  Fo.,  R-By.— 
A..On.— East?  ftl..;:?.— West  /  I'l. —Which  are 
lee  chief  rivers  of  Spain  7  Do.,  Ts.,  (ia.,  dr.,  li„.  —  How  lonif  aro 
t.idi   ot    Iheso?      Which    aro    tho   chief   .Mts.  /      P.s.,  Vn.,   S,.JVIa. 

r."  iTT;  ""i".  ''''^''  '"'°  ^''7 '  ^^''''"''  ■"I""""!"  rraneo  Iroin  Spain  7 
.-•  — **^''."^  '*"•  '«"•  west  of  Barcelona  ?  Mt,  —  This  is  noted  for  its 
imiruhir  (oriii,  and  tho  monasteries  built  on  it.  What  islands  lie  cas 
Dl  .Spain  .'  Be, —What  strait  separates  Spain  from  AlViea  /  (ir, — 
How  wide  is  it?  What  is  tho  population  of  .Madrid  I  Barcelona? 
Nvillo?  (.raiiada?  Valencia?  (Cordova?  VuiWr.l  Milaffa?  Sara- 
go.ssaf    Point  out  the  places  noted  for  sieges.    Battles,    Naval  battles. 

p-sspFs?      What   is   raid    of  tho  colonies?      7,    Describe  Madrid, 
« ircelona,  iVo.    8.  Granada,  itc.     9,  Saragossa,  Sec    ToiiTcra,  &.a 


'i  tiibrultar. 


L 


11.  Balearic  isles 
SO 


19.  Andorra. 


11 


250 


DcacHinivM  oKmiitAriiv. 


"1,1 


H 


POIITIKIAL 

1.  TiiiB  kingdom,  liko  S|i!iin,  Ims  iloclino*!  from  its  former 
gnuitiii'MH,  Tlirct'  c'cntiirii's  n^o,  it  muh  rclihriitcd  (i)r  tho 
valour  of  ilN  xolilicrM,  niid  the  xkill  of  ils  HnilorN,  h  took  n 
diHtingnislicd  lead  in  nmrilimo  discovii'ii.s,  and  wiw  Ibr  a  time 
tliu  lirHt  commercial  iiaiimi  in  l')ur()|H>. 

2.  Tlu)  Hiirfiic«!  ol'  llic  country  in  much  divprnifuHl.  Tlio 
rlimiitn  i,i  mild  and  licultliriil ;  and  tiio  Hoil  is  rich  in  tho 
fruit!*  and  prodiicis  of  Nuiitliirn  I'.urnpo.  I'ort  and  LiHbou 
wine,  salt,  oil,  and  w<m)I,  arc  llic  chief  Ntaplcs. 

3.  Tho  commcrcH!  of  I'ortnual  was  onco  very  cxtcnsivn, 
but  is  now  (|uitc  limited.  Tlu!  miinufactureM  art;  smail  in 
umount;  and  un  iinperlcct  kn(>wle<l^ri!  of  thu  commonest  arts 
in  olwrvahlo. 

4.  TIh!  o)(ri<;iiUuro  i«  in  a  biickwnrd  utiilo  ;  and  ft-w  ori'ie  imprr,v«s. 
invntH  conuiii>ri  i-lNtiwIicrn  uru  known  Ihtu,  Much  of  tlio  produco 
of  tliu  Noil  iH  rurricd  to  iniirkci  on  the  liruiU  of  Icin.ilo  iM'aiiantii. 

5.  Thu  ('uthdiic  in  t)n:  (■Ntiil)liHlir(l  ri'li);>oii.  'I'liu  ifovornuu'nt  wa* 
(<)rinvrly  un  almoluto  nionurcliy,  hut  it  ix  now  limited ;  a  nvw  rouHtitu* 
tiun  liuviiii;  liorn  iido|itvd  in  IH.'IH,  l,il<'nitiirn  nnd  ncicnru  nru  but 
littlu  i>nnoiirii|;('d,  and  llm  oduciition  of  Ihr  |m'0|iIc  in  gmilly  mn^lt-ctcd. 

6.  Tho  l'ortU)riii'iM)  iind  S|mniurdN  uro  vury  Niiiiilur  in  ulmriictiT  nnd 
nmnnufH;  yi-t  u  Htron((  diKJiku  rxiNlH  lit'twt'cn  tlic  two  nationH,  The  |M;a 
wntryof'tliiH country  huvt-  bcon  UHUally  rciiri'Mcnlcd  iih  indolent,  cow;ird. 
'y,  and  revenpet'ul ;  but  on  ninny  oeeuHiouN,  duri.i);  tho  luxt  war  with 
Frnnce,  they  diiipluyed  qunlilieH  not  unworthy  their  ifullunt  nneiHtor*. 

7.  Hriuil,  tho  miohI  ini)Hirtnnt  colony  of  i'ortuf^nl,  Ih'onnic  inde|ien(L 
•nt  in  tlio  year  IM3I.  The  renmininir  eolonien  coinpriiio  the  Azorca, 
Miideiru,  nnd  Ctt|M)  V«rd  iHliindH  in  Alrieu;  iK'Hideit  ('onj^o,  &.c.,  tlie 
lownii  of  Gou  nnd  Miicno,  in  An'm,  und  purt  of  tliu  ihlnnd  of  Timor 
in  Muluyiiia,    Tiic  pu|mluliun  uf  tlie  whole  in  ab<jut  l,ti3:2,UOO. 

I'ortural.  Q.  —  \.  What  ii  «nid  of  Portugal  7  2.  Tho  aurfuce  t 
Clmiato?  Cliicfataplca?  3.  What  Ih  Huid  ol  commcrco  7  MnnulUc- 
tu,  BH  7  4.  Tiio  acriculturo  ?  5.  Kelirion  7  tiuvomincnt  7  Ijilf^ro. 
tb  1,  Ito  7    C.  Thg  Portuyuoae  7    7.  Whut  if  Mid  of  tho  colonivs  1 


PIIV. 


t:linr<l  rroin  its  fortiifr 
iiM  Cflihriitcd  Ibr  the 
ti  nnilorii.  It  Uxtk  n 
IS,  mill  wiui  fur  n  time 

uch  tlivrrNifiod.  Tlio 
10  Hoil  '\H  rirli  in  tho 
)c.  Port  uiiJ  LiHbou 
Ntiiplos, 

onco  very  oxtcnfiivo, 
liu'turi'H  aro  8inail  in 
>r  the  cuniinunest  iirtv 

!  and  ftw  of  {'le  improve. 
MiR'h  ol'  tlio  prixJuco 
of  ll'in.ilo  iH'aiiantN. 
I.  'I'lit!  ifovi'riitiit'nt  wai 
'  limited  j  a  m^w  rcniHtitu- 
uiro  niitt  Rcicnru  nro  but 
!()|ilc  in  grcally  m'|rlr('ti!d. 
Niiiiiliir  in  irliuriicUT  nnd 
llii-  txvo  iialioiiH,  Tin-  |M:a 
rtitcH  iiH  iiKliilciit,  cow.ird- 
duriaj  tlio  liiiit  wiir  witli 
y  their  frullunt  anciHtorg. 
irtiiffiil,  Ih'oninc  iiulo|K:n(i. 
lien  coiiipriiio  the  Azorca, 
;  iH'HideH  ('onfTo,  &.C.,  tlie 
t  of  thu  iHlnnd  of  Timor 
iH  ab<jut  l,ti3:2,()U0. 

i^al7     3.  Tho  aiirfuce  T 

tl  commcrcfl  7     Miiniilitc- 

Government  7     LiiRra. 

if  Mid  of  the  colon  iu»  7 


rOKTirOAl^ — QCItMANV. 

^    r.i«lHiii  iliii  riipiiiit,  i.  a  pinco  .,f  lonxidi  riiblo  rnmmrrrr,  and  hna 
I  the  llntKl  hiirlHium  ui  ihi-  wnrld.     It  wim  mirly  d.-lrnyid   l.y 

|M'ri»hrd.     Il   ia 
I  »|Uuri'a 
ga  ara  very 

'J.  «)|N.rto,  thn  irrond  niy  in  th-  kin-d;Mn,  liaa  long  b<t;i  fainotM  fi.f 
ll«  p  >rl.winr!.     Hi.  V\w»  ia  noted  li.r  il«  aultworlo,  ul  wliirli  H)tl,|i|)0 
t.1111.  itl  Kiilt  aril  nmdfl  ytiirly.    Coinihru  i»  erduhriited  f»t  ila  univer«ily 
liK  II  contuini  4<»  proltwiom,  and  niNint  I'ifM)  i.|im|<  ntx. 


'ir(li.|u:ilii.  in  1733,  and  .'IIMMIO  ..f  ih.i  iMhnhitullt^.  , 

ilt.l.iiiU  mid  dirty,  mi  contmii'  «ni>in  linu  pulilin  liuildiiiKa  nnd  «i|uur 
1 01  re  arc  many  nugrova  uiid  iiiiilutliMia  j  dova  ara  very  nuinurnuN. 


ID.  <)un.|iie  In  noted  lor  the  ilrlliit  of  live  M.Hiri»li  liln'M  hr  Al. 
;.!i  .n»o  I.  ol  l'ort.ii{al.  7iHI  ye.ir.  „„„.  At  Vim,  ira,  Lord  W,  Ihiiijto.i 
oi.l/.ine,  hi«  llr.l  vietory  in  Ihi'  rniiii.iilur  war;  and  al  llu.aco,  )*• 
n  ,mUi(l  tliu  iTencli  nmriihal,  Muanena,  with  an  inllrior  lorcu. 

Uip  A'o.  31.— What  bo.iiidM  l'orloi,Ml  on  the  nr.rih  i.nd  e««l  T  8iv 
-«..i  and  .,.1,11,  I  A..(»i,.-\VI,i,l,  ar.'  the  priii,  ipal  riw  r«  t  Ta, 
II".,  Oil.  —  How  long  in  eaeh  of  tliene  f     (In   what  riv<  r  ia  Liob 


,    -  -  ....^iMin  / 

'»".  — <'oimhrii7      Mo,— \Vli„h   .irc   thu   prm,'i|Nil 

^ "hat  IS  thu  (Mipiiluiion  of  r,iHl«.i, ;    OiM.rto?   Coimbru? 

st.liKHf    Uraga/     hivu*  /     Kvora?    Wiieru  ia  Oi,r„n;t  J    Vimcira? 


'J'  —  t  IjMirto  t 

iiMiiiilaiiia 


171 


GKUMANV. 

1.  Gi':R,MANv  in  an  o.xtonsivo  coiiiitry,  in  tho  contro  of 
l',iir,)|)o;  nnd  onoo  contniiii-d  '.U)0  .scpariito  Hiatus.  It  now 
n)iii|trisoa  tho  Kmpiro  of  Austria,  Iho  kiiij,'(loins  of  I'lusuiri, 
Hiivima,  Sa.v.ny,  Hanover,  nnd  WirtciniH?rg,  wiili  ay  smaller 
states  nnd  4  republics  tir  frw;  cities. 

8.  These  fi)rnfi  tho  (Jnion  call'  d  tho  "  Gprmnnic  Confi-do- 
n.tiiin;"  tlio  object  of  which  i."  to  pidvidc  (lir  iniitiinl  safety 
nnfl  defence.  ICach  sfnto  is  iiii  epemlent  wiihin  itself,  hut  for 
general  piir|K)sos  tho  wholn  ;^  ^^overned  by  tlif!  Diet,  a  body 
ciiinpos<;d  of  plenipotentiariox  from  tho  dilleivnt  slates. 

!<.  This  rofjion  is  traversed  by  numerous  rivers  nnd  cxtcn. 
divf;  rnn;,'es  of  mountains.  Ai,'riciiituro  is  carried  on  wilfi 
ililinenco,  and  niitiinj,'  is  ono  of  tho  chief  sources  of  wealth 
Till!  inland  trade  is  considei-able,  nnd  tho  mnimfacturcs  uro 

«.  DiHerilH!  I.iHlwn.    9.  Oiwrto,  St.lJibi^,  &c.     10.  What  occurred  at 
iJiiriquo?     V,meira7     JIusuco? 

Oermany.  Q.—  l.  What  did  it  onco  contain?  What  doca  it  com. 
priBC  7  a.  What  do  theso  form  7  What  in  aaid  of  eueli  state  7  Of 
Uic  Djct  7    3,  By  what  ia  Uiia  region  travoracd  7    What  ii  aaid  o' 


I 


net 


DMcmrrtvis  oimmsravuv. 


Ofiiwit  Eumpvin  Itotr. 


TlMi  W.ilf. 


importMtit  nni!  vnriouM.     UniLMadit  nro  in  projinsn  of  con- 
ilrm'tidii  llii'iuijili  nil  [nuts  (if  (Jciiivuiy. 

4.  acnniiiiy  Ih  will  i.u|>plii<l  with  eiiliU',  liomr*,  Imgi,  »n«l  ilieepi 
af  iho  Iiiltrr,  lh"NP  of  Hani.iiy  nro  |mrtiriilurly  noWA  liir  llm  niu  iii'«» 
of  ilicir  wi»it.  Tlirt  hi  nr,  wull',  uml  wilil  iMiiir,  lire  km  common  ilwii 
6>rmi!rly,  hut  nri;  Ktill  found  in  llio  rtmiolo  di»triflt». 

r>.  Till!  (i'lnmim  lire  iin  indiistrlniiHuiul  iM-rncvcrinK  pi'dplc! 
liy  thcin  piiiititi;,',  wat.licH,  tuid  t^impowdcr  wore  iuvciittil ; 
th«iy  uio  l-imi  ol"  music,  iiiiil  llii'ir  Icarmd  men  uni  distill, 
giiifihfd  (iir  llioir  (iSlaiiiDtt'iKs  in  liliruturo  mid  M'.hwc. 

n.  The  mit.lio  lil.rnrUn  of  tlii»  rouiilry  nrr  \.V)  in  numlior,  w  iili  .1 
million  v.iliii-i««;  iin.l  tlirrc  iiru  not  Khs  lluiri  lO.dOO  nutliorM,  iirotlucmR 
cvi'ry  yiiir  troiu  4,(H)0  to  5,(100  bookH.  Tlio  vinivfrHllii'B  arc  it  Icbratcd, 
und  miicli  rc^orli'd  to  from  otliir  roirinlrii^ii,  Hiuiiiimrii-!.,  ulyl'd  (jyin. 
iiu«iu,  uri)  numirtJUM,  muny  of  wiiidi  runk  ai  m.lcd  pcIjooU  ol  loanini({, 

7  In  till'  mciiiM  of  I'ducalior,  llio  nnrlh  of  (Jorniiiny  mirpaiincii  tiio 
iinulh.  lu  I'luxMii,  Siixoiiy,  Hiiviiriii,  and  wiimj  of  tho  umalh  r  divmioni 
of  til.'  norsh,  «r)ionU  nro  ii.-mcroii*,  and  tlioro  uro  very  li  w  pcraoiui 
who  cuniM.i  rinid;  wiiilo  in  othvr  pttrln  of  the  country  l»io  lower  cksH:* 
uv  Blill  iijfioraf.t,  and  uvcmis  to  iiiiprovcrm>nt. 

8  In  rili"ioii,  (Jirmany  is  diviikd  hctwccn  the  Catholic  and  IVo. 
tesiiiiit  churilKMi  tlio  (inmcr  iiioludc*  tlie  lunjority  of  the  ptoiilo, 
auniberinc '41  miUionn,  w  hihj  the  rrottntiijits  ntm.unt  to  IH  iiiiilioin  : 
tim  latter,  compriKing  l.uthcraiii  and  Culvitiiuls  chitslly.  have  uniln 
in  miiiiy  plnccn  into  onn  body,  undir  the  name  v.f  the  Kvangdical 
Church,    'riitro  are  alio  some  Moriiviann,  Mcnnoniitu,  Jew*,  Slc. 

ojfricuUuro  7  Mining  T  Trade  7  ManufiicturM  ?  4.  What  ii  Gor. 
many  will  nuppliid  with  7  What  in  naid  of  iilim'p7  The  bear,  Ac.  / 
5.  DcHcribe  Ihu  (Jermunn.  What  did  they  invtni?  What  id  naid  of 
inuwc7  I.oarnod  nun  7  6.  Thi>  public  liltrarion.  &c.7  Authors? 
Univ«rHilii:H  7  Si  miiidricH,  &o.  7  7.  Of  education  7  8.  Religion  I 
CiJiholiMJ    PrUBstantii ?    LuthorauM,  ("iWiniiit*,  &.&? 


II 
•I 
( 

\ 

tl 

Kt 
Ul 

till 

i; 

III 

foi 

di 

oil 

oil 

ilui 

Pll 

I: 

'■« 

3.  ' 
Miri 
KUO 
1.\ 


r 


Th«  Wiiir. 

n  progit'HH  of  con» 


•r»,  linj;*,  iindl  •hcepi 
iDtcd  ilir  lliu  (iiHiiiDit 
ro  k'M  I'uiiiiiiun  tlliiii 
rln. 

jM-rricvcrinn  pt'nploi 
iliT  w(!ro  iiivfiittil ; 
ii<l  nicii  uni  dirttin. 

,W  ill  niiiiiliiT,  « iili  .1 
lM)(ii  oiitliorH,  |ir<i)lii('inij 
.(.THllii'ii  arc  rrli'brntcil, 
rniiiiirli'K,  iilyl''<l  jjym. 
ted  RciitiolH  III'  k'aniiiiK. 
{crmiiny  niirpaHUCn  tlio 
ufthu  timttll'  r  cliviHinm 
iiro  very  li  w  prrnMiui 
uittry  Itio  lower  ctattn:* 

I  the  Cntholic  and  Pro. 
injority  of  llio  ptuple, 
tiiourit  to  lis  iiiillioii.i: 
Us  eliicfly,  have  unilid 
ma  wf  the  Kvan(jtUcal 
inoniitii,  JcwN,  Slc. 

tea  7  4.  What  ii  (ior. 
Iiocp  7  The  lit'ar,  Sto.  'i 
■ni?  What  id  (laid  of 
Hrioji,  &c.  7  AulhoM? 
cation  I     8.  Religion  I 

Htl,  &&  7 


KMi'iiiti  or  Ai'tmiA. 


»33 


KMIMIlh:  OF  AlffiTUFA. 

I.  Au.rniA  it  .nit>  of  iJw  numt  iiii|i<irlanl  ituU-!*  in  liuropoi 
M  t!oiii|<nH.'K  al,.Mit  «.ri«>.thinl  «.f  (Jor-imnv,  with  llun.fury 
tiiiliciu,  Ualiniilm,  nriil  iho  kiiiy.|,.tM  of  I.fWihar.Jy  and  Vi]ii.i.' 

'J.  Thn  >,ih/il.irtiriN  nr.'  iimxsIIv  ( *;,i|„.lic^  j  |„it  i (,,!•(.  arc  mnm 
r.v-;Hi.iiitM,  n^  Hill  as  iiic^iilKM  of  Ui.Hlri.<'k  diiirrlij  nil 

.■'.rt«  U'in,(  U,kmU',\.       'i'|„.  lil^.fty  „,•  ,|,„  ,,„,,^^  „„J  ,,,y  jy 

a»rii  ol  -It  JxiU',  HI),  howrvtrr,  much  nstcicu.J. 

:i.  At/siriii  ha-  Ihh  a  hi.uvII  cxl.tu  of  .<('..rouM,  amU/j 
ii|nit..l  <'.,im,rtv.-.  It  I,,..  i,„  ,.o|..iii,.^  j  but  tlio  l»,u'lu.^  of 
i  iH-aMV,  i'amiu,  aii.l  Mm,|,  ,m,  in  Italy,  .m.  i|..|.,.n.J.'m  Htal.H. 
...I.I,  co|.|H..,  iron,  n.-r.-urv,  aiuj  Kalf,  alxMiiulj  Iho  r..in.M  ol 
Uiriirz,,  ,n  t.alicia  luivo  Im-<'ii  worked  for  (!()()  yomH,  and 
^llll  (luiiisli  N,,lt.     ciruiti  and  wino  aro  tin)  chiof  pVoductn. 

4.  Td.i  Kmp.  r..r  of  Aii.tria  U  ttUolut..  in  »II  imrt,  ,;n,i,  dmiiini'on^ 
«.rpt  .„  l|,M,„,iry  a„d  ..„„u  otluT  di.lrin..  |„  tlui  f.,n,wr  ho  i, 
Mv  rd  kii,^  -mly  and  hm  aul  .only  i,  li.nHod  hy  «  did  or  a^Kcn.hly 
.11  l!l(.  H.d.kH  .,iid  (ili  r(ry.  'I'jic  ii.h'il,itioilH  lK:l..iig  Ic  ^wtal  dl»li.,..| 
H;iii..iii.,  o.mipruiiitf  (i.-riimn*,  I'..I..h,  |t«li«nii,  llitn^uri^.ns  J,.wk.  u.id 
l.y(«.ioii.    SJcvtutucn  dilloniii  Uiiipiaj^. .,  aro  «p«kni  in  ihii.  K.npi,,,, 

5,  Tim  AiiHtriiiii  «rin^  aiaoiititM  l„  tij.war.i^  of  a7((,(l()tl  ,mn,  and'  i« 
,mu« lit  to  Ih:  amro  dU.KUt  .l.m  lurnicrly.     Tho  K.apiro  p-Wmoh 

i.w  I  dMiiitiiiru,  or  a  imvy ;  y,;i  a  forw  ofaU.ut  '.to  v.nhHh.  rt  of  which 
aro  nhriw  ol  ihc  lini.,  )ja»  I,,,,  u  or((ui,ia;d  on  tliti  (iulf  t  f  VVnlce, 

fi.  Vicimii,  l|.o  capital  of  the  Aiintrkn  Kn.pir. ,  i,  one  of  tho'  flnrM 
a  III*  la  hiiro|H-,  II  cuntaiiH  a  mimlxir  of  |mlii<<.g,  ohiircho^  and 
liilu'r  p.ihh«  hiiildiM!{K,  .omo  ofwludi  aro  m.kndid  (.Irm'ur.i.  ' 'I  iJ 
'jili/riij  art.  ,l..,(:rila.d  (U  a  ffood-naturod,  ho.pimbto  (woplc,' much 
(kivotcd  to  phuMtiro  and  liixurum*  livinij.  •     i    •    "«'-m 

7.  Soil..,.  <d' tlio  du,.l|in«.i.„,»e»  in  Vienna  a«  iMimrnw  *.fru.lurri 
Wd  aro  ..ceupitd  hy  u  nuinlKr  of  diUcr.nt  fiunllJPH.  No  nty  in  F.i 
tt,|K>  ImH  .a  many  rr.idcnt  n,:bi^Uty,  and  n<«.c.  oxccpt  London,^..  ,u4t,> 
wealthy  c.'a.  iiH.    It  m  on  tiw  I),.ni.l.<>.  1 100  mik'H  from  it.  mouth     ' 

fh^da  «ml  IV.t,  H.tuatfd  on  „p,«„iio  ni,k^  of  .1...  D.uiub,..  nr«  joined 
t.«other  by  a.  bridffo  of  boat».    ThcHo  tuwna  unitid,  form  the  largTt 

-»   wTJ'i    '^"iT  ';•  T""'   ,'•.  A"^'"*?      ^Vhat  doc,   it  compriwT 

^  !,1.  »  i  "xm'  .'V- '  •  .^' ,"'"  '""'''"'"'  '  ''"'«'  i-'l'^hitanlH  '  L«„. 
ra  .  •  .T''?'.'T'1"'^*''«  '""y  '  Navy  7  0.  Dc«.-r,bo  Vienna. 
7.  Wi.atw.a.d.,fiUdwelhng-hou«c8,&c.7  «; PragiMf ,  &c.  7  Trio»U? 


I 


•iAl 


nMcmrriM:  uKiMiHAniv. 


city  Ml  lliin(«iy,  tkbrviiiii  i«  iilan  •»  ImiiDrtiiHl  (own.  TrUm*  la 
the  tbirC  M*.|itirt  of  Anolriit,  ami  <t  loiialili  r  '  '  t  '  i»  liiifOeil  «n 
UlWMN  llli«  hImc,  Uw  I'iiiUiI  Hliiira,  mill  •  '  >(li«. 

tl.  flriinn,  t.inla,  Hatlatiiirg,  anit  Hliyir,  iiri  iniiiulai  luring  timn: 
llitlliin  anil  ilallit  ara  milnl  tiit  ilinr  •iili  worku,  ami  lilrli  Inr  il> 
iiiiiiia  iirt|iiirl«'tlvi'r.  MurM  iihnil,  CarMmil,  T»|iliia,  ami  Hfdliia,  ant 
rmirli  viliilid  liir  iIh  Ir  Iniilin  iiuii  iiuiirriil  M.ilrm.  M  llliiiiiti,  (>iiirri«l 
liAltiyiilii  WTMn  iiii|iri«>iii'il  liir  «  rKii'Mli  rMv  linn-. 

|0,  Mor,  l.owiwiti,  lirii  liriitH'ri,',  Knltri,  Jki\,  arc  riniiiua  liir  iiiifMtriiiiil 
hnlllia  liiiiKliI  iM'tHiiii  llir  Aiixlriiiiia  ami  l'ru««i>iiia,  At  Au*lrrlil> 
anil  Wiiirriiiii,  .\<i|Nilriin  ll<iiiii|Mrlii  nnlnt'il  lircintvu  vUturica,  tjui  al 
A<i|Krii  lui  waa  rrjmiwd  by  tliu  Arihiluku  I'liufUta. 


Ihrliii 


PiaiSHIA. 

1.  Pki'mia,  fiirincrly  n  (liiknloin,  whs  crtvli-J  into  n  kiiij». 
(loiil  ill  till!  yi'iir  1701,  mill  IVdiii  ii  Hmiiil  niul  weak  Htiitc  huN 
Ucoini'  one  of  flio  most  powiTHil  in  l'Uirii|i«. 

VI.  If  is  ill  ni'iuTuI  n  Irvi-l  oumtry,  with  niiincroiis  rivor», 
liik<'s,  luiti  iiiiirMhi'M.  Ill  HoiiK^  parts  tlio  hdiI  is  lirtiie,  while 
n  nthi-i's  th(<n<  nrc  Inrgi^  triu'ts  unfit  fur  cultiviition.  Grain 
Biul  rntllo  nni  tlio  rhici"  proiliiclions,  , 

J).  Piiissiu  litis  hut  liit!i>  fiircij;n  coiriinprcc,  luit  tlio  inland 
Irad.'  is  <-onsiilcriilii('.  Tlio  nmmiliicturrs  iiro  piiiicipiill) 
litu-nH,  wiK>llciis,  and  articlrs  nf  iron  and  hti'cl.  I'lm  cliiff 
part  of  tlio  iioo[ilc  nro  ol'  tlm  IVotcstant  lUitli,  and  btlnng  to 

9.  What  i»  anid  of  Drunn,  &r. ?     Iliillcin,  Ac?     Muricnbail,  dtc.  T 
Ulmiitx  ?     10.  Stir,  Ac.  ?     AuHliirlilj:,  &c.  T 

frufni/i.  Q. —  I.  What  ia  aolil  of  i'ruHaia?  9.  The  country  T  Itt 
production!  ?    9.  C'umiiu'i'cti  7    Muniifacturca?    Wliut  oro  tlio  chief 


tlm 
ill  he 

4. 

lor  I 

r>l,  I 

x 
I"". 
MS 

Ih  Inn 
oiilrj 
(I. 
I  till' 
i>'irtli 

iril,  ll 

7. 

(Hirin, 
"tnini 

r<.i..i 

ilulb. 

H.  , 
la  liiii 
iimnii 
I'd  'I 

!>.  - 
iriiinei 
action 
all  cvl 

j'liua, 


1. 

iin|Mii 
ritori« 
aich 

mrt  o 
Nivy  1 
•rribo 
Witter 
KrHirt 
Bav, 


lY. 

iktil  limn.  Trl^ata  U 
blu  Iraiki  It  viirdKil  aN 
•r  vudiiirii'ii. 
iimniiflii  luring  lnwna. 
rkii,  mill  lilrli  Inr  il> 
|ilili,  itiiii  Hf'dlilt,  urn 
At  Oliiiiili,  (tiiirriil 
I', 

i<  rnuiiiM  fiir  iiiipiirtiiiit 
iMiiiiia,  Ai  Au>iirlii> 
lutvu  vkturii'i,  ojul  itl 


iTfH'ti'il  into  n  king. 
iiiil  wciik  Htiilc  h(ui 

li  niimoruin  rivnr^, 
ti)il  is  lirtili.',  wliilo 
cultiviition,     (.Sruin 

re*',  liut  till!  intaiu'. 
•IS  nm  niiiii'iiiiill) 
1  htfcl.  rill!  v.\w( 
iitli,  nnd  bt'lnng  to 

c.  7     Murlcnbail,  Sic,  T 

9.  TliP  country  7     Id 
Wtut  arc  the  chief 


raUMIA— ■AVAKIA,  it*}. 


«85 


ttm  Rvanip<ticiil  or  (.iilht<mn  CalvinUio  Chureh  |  Uit  nil 
uthcr  ■wow  «iro  lulurnlfd,  nitil  nro  cm  an  o<|iml  lUxiiiK. 

\7^,  »«♦•"»"»"«  U  •«  •hwiliiia  mim«r«hy.    Th«  Army  U  lUi « 

' "'  '""fiP""*!  »nn  nliii'wl  eviry  mtn  mii«t  arrvn  In  ii  riir  liir>« 
,  >  i»r.  ltH>  n«vy  |..m.ial.  ..f  «  .Imi;Iii  ihltt.  I.Murnli.m  i«  iM.irx  f  ii». 
r.l^«tiH  «ih.H.U  iiior*  niiiMi'riH"<  luru  limn  In  any  (•■.unlry  liv  Kiir..t». 

.'».  Tliia  kiiigilnin  i'i>m|iri<r*  |«,|  r|,.|«|.|„„|  «.ni|„„„,  'I'|,«  w(,,ir,» 
Ijirt,  wliiHi  U  .II.HII...I  on  ih"  rlv.r  HI  ,  i...  W4i  nni.r,..!  |„  rr„..ui  mi 
.1  1 1'"  .?!''''?  "■""•'"•  vnri.i.i.  |,r.,vin..'.,  •..in.,  of  wl.i.h  „u,u 
h  l..ii«r.l  (..  I  .,l.,n,|.  NiMildMt,  I  in  HwiU.  rl.iii.l,  ami  ...inu  „t>u  r  .null 
.inlriila,  blvi  Im  lonK  lu  llun  .lai... 

(1.  n-rlin.  II...  wpiial  of  |'r„.,i„,  I.  «  h.n.Uon.o  rlly,  .ml  U  rrmark. 
.Ml.  l..r  la  «|.l.n.|,.|  ,.,J,||,.. .,  ,u  i,„m,.„„.,  |it..,«,y  ,n.i,».,ii,m.,  ..ml 
,)-.rllrul,..ly  r.„  if,  uMlv..p«ily.  Mn.i.lli,  i„r,..  of  |,f.nl.  .1  .•.,».,».  Wv,..l. 
l.n,  lin.  n,  ailli,  dihI  (Niriiliiin,  in-  larrnil  on  t.i  aoiiiv  i«Uiie. 

7.  Dnnlilrli.  Konigabcr*.  Hli.llm.  nnd  Wtrulauml,  ara  il,«  rhlef  Ma 
r".fla.  Bnalftil  a  nol...|  t.,r  if.  f,„ra  |  ,>ln|f.l..|M.rir  ll.r  ll.  »wgv»  Ari.l 
.trimf   fcftirti-aliMnai    Hall.,  (or   l(a  i.nivr.ily  nml  ...Itm.rl!- 1  mul 

1  ll  .  ..  ",'  r  '"""  "''  '*"""  '^""•''  •'"'  ""«•'  •l'l«"<l>«i  b.iil.li.,,1^ 
llulU'rBt«ill  and  hrli.rt  aro  lin|Hirtiitii  (i>wiia. 

H.  At  Witlciilmfir.  f<'illi"r  romnunird  ll.n  »r(;.rn.<.llon.  Col„»..o 
..  Ii.m*.)  fortol.,«i....wut.ri  l)u«rid..r(;  l:ilK.rtild,  ..ml  ILiriiun.  lo, 
.,mn..l,.cturc.ofvurlou»kiMd.i  AK.I,..(;hu,„H„  li.r  .U  w.4P.i.  ball..- 
.'.1  I ravoi  r„t  it.  eiithi'drul.    folji.nti  i.  «.,  iin|>orl(iiii  fortrna.. 

!».  At  Rmibach,  f.l.M,  Zornd.)rr,  I.wgnit*.  An.,  Ffrd«rlck  tim  (Jvm 
^*  "*  ,  '.'".''",'!'"1'  *"■''.""'"•.,'"."'  "1  <;.""'"""'•""'  •'"  «"«•  'ieli'iitiid.    'I'lin 


untion.  foiiKlit  ,1  Mm.loii,  Kvl.u.,»  Kri.  .Il„nd.»  Krn.rtVftnd  Y'uuVn.Vra 
liaiil.i  of  »,iit/,n,  in  lOa^,  {Ju»Uvu»  Adul 


jII  cclcbmli'd.     At  tlm  liral .„ 

fliu.,  tlio  fiiiowntd  kiiijf  of  Hwtdcii,  wu.  k.l'lud. 


174 


IIAVAKIA,  ic. 
I.  Tnii  kiriKtlom  in,  iw-xl  to  Aimlrin  nnd  Vrxmin,  the  riuwt 
irniwrtuiit  Mate  iii  Gcr  tmny.     It  consist*,  of  two  distinct  Ht- 
rilorici    8it.mtod  nbout  40  tnil.>i  «|„i.t,  mid  »fpar.ited  Iron, 
sich  other  by  Wirtombcrg  und  Hade. 

,.-.rt  of  tha  people  7    4.  Whnt  i.  .aid  of  Urn  jovrrnmrnt  7    Army? 

-rr.bo  Berlnj.     7    Dantiick.  .i.d  olhor  tow,,..    «.  w  ,«t  i.  ,"  d  of 

KrIiroS         "*"••*'•'    »•«'«'""=''.  I"-*.  &c.  7    JvLl^iaT 

B«»Tto,  4r«>.  Q—l.  What  I.  wid  of  B>v«rlt  7    «.  Of  the  foil,  Ac.  f 

•  For  (ha  poaition  of  U.oae  placeiTiiocMap  No7l8  ^ 


906 


DESCniPTIVE   GEOORAPIIY. 


9.  Tho  Mil  is  niodcrntclv  fcrtiln.  Cuttlo  nnd  Ikirs  nro  rcircd  in 
consiilt^ralilu  niiinbiTH.  Wiiic,  l.ruiuly,  und  licor,  uw  iiiuilo  to  auiiiu 
extttit.  I-Mucttlinii  lii'H  liciii  Dfhilc  iiars  vury  f,'<'">''";i'.lly  ditluacd,  and 
tJio  institutions  of  Icurninff  urn  in  u  llonrisliing  conditidn. 

3.  Munich,  tho  capital,  is  one  of  tli«  handsomi'sl  cities  in  Grrninny, 
nnd  is  note  d  (or  its  university,  theatre,  library,  and  Hplenditl  jjallern .. 
of  KCidptiire  and  paintinijs.  Niireiidjur;,',  Augsliurtf,  llaliflmn,  \V  urlz- 
luirg,  a-iil  llaniberfr,  nro  iuiportant  plaees :  wulclies  uml  (jlcihe.i  v.i;.' 
invented  in  tins  first  nanifd  city,  and  it  bus  been  long  famous  tor  it» 
trade  ill  cliildren'H  toyn. 

4.  Famous  victoricH  were  gained  nt  Dlenbeim  by  the  Dnko  of  Marl, 
boroiijrii,  at  Ilol.enlindcn  by  (iineral  Morcau,  and  ut  lv;kmuhl  and 
Ratisbon  by  thu  Emperor  Napoleon. 

HANOVER. 

5.  ITanovkh,  formerly  an  doctorate,  became  a  kingdom 
in  1815 ;  and  was  fjovcriicd  by  a  viceroy,  appointed  by  tiie 
Kin"  of  England.  \Vlion  queen  Victoria  ascended  tlie  British 
Jhrono,  her  uncle,  Ernest,  bf;camc  king  of  Hanover. 

6.  A(jriculturo  nnd  innnufncturcs  arc  not  very  floiirisbinff ;  of  tho 
latter,  linen  is  the  chief  fabric.  Tlie  mines  arc  important,  and  exten- 
Bivcly  wrouirht.  Gold,  lilver,  iron,  lead,  and  copjier,  all  abound.  Pota- 
toes  form  the  chief  food  of  tho  pcopie. 

7.  Hanover  is  the  capital  of  the  itinjjdom,  and  derives  its  chief  im. 
porlance  from  that  circuiiistancc.  Gottingen  is  celebrated  for  its 
university:  its  library,  observatory,  and  liotanic  ^jardcns,  nro  ornong 
tho  most  valuable  in  Euro|>c.  Enulen  is  the  chief  sea-port.  Hild«;»- 
hciin,  Luneburg,  and  Osnaburg,  have  considerable  niunufacturos. 

SAXONY. 

8.  This  kingdom,  the  smallest  in  Europe,  is,  for  its  extent, 
one  of  tho  most  populous  of  the  German  states.  Commerce, 
manufactures,  and  mining,  are  carried  on  with  great  industry. 
Vast  flocks  of  sheep  are  raised,  the  wool  of  which  is  largely 
exported,  and  is  highly  esteemed  for  its  finencjss. 

9.  Dresden,  tho  capital,  is  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  tho  north  of 
Germany.  Its  public  buildings,  libraries,  and  galleries  of  paintings, 
«re  remarkable.  Lcipsic  is  famous  for  its  univcrbity  ;  and  for  its  great 
fairs,  held  twice  a  yeur,  at  which  vast  quantities  of  books  and  other 
itrticlcs  arc  sold. 

Education  1  3.  Describe  Munich,  &c.  4.  What  is  said  of  Blcnlieim  T 
tc.  ?  5.  Of  Hanover  ?  6.  Agriculture,  &.c.  7  7.  Describe  Hanover 
Sottingcn,  &r.    8.  What  is  said  of  Saxon;  }    9.  X>ricrib«  Dreaden. 


1 

culu 
«xtt 
Moi 
of  ii 


] 

is  0 
gra 
sivL 

II1U( 

nun 

n 

corit 
vvhif 
brati 
nwi 
and 


1 

narr 
and 
cloci 
grea 

2. 
in  Gi 
8001 
for  a 

3. 
Gran 
lloml 

r^eip! 
Wirti 
Ulm, 

Sm 
the  o 

~il 

two  t 
Badci 


lY. 

(1  lings  nro  rcircd  in 
r,  uri^  iiiuilc  to  ruiiui 
^ciicriilly  ditVuiicd,  and 

cdllditioll. 

I'sl  ciliis  ill  Grrninny, 
iiid  Hplrndid  },'nlli'ri<'» 
lurff,  lliili^liiiii,  Wurl/.. 

tcluM  unci   ({IciIjlS  WlT' 

un  long  liiHious  lijr  iia 

by  the  Duke  of  Marl, 
and  ut  l''>;kniuhl  uiid 


bccnmo  a  kingdom 
y,  u[)p()iiiU;d  by  tlic 
[iscciidt'd  tlic  British 
r  Hanover, 

cry  flourishinpf ;  of  the 
;  iiiii)i)rliint,  nnd  cxtcn- 
piier,  ull  abound.    Pota- 

id  derived  its  chief  in- 
I  is  celebrated  for  its 
;c  ;jardcnn,  nro  omong 
diief  Rta-port.  Hildos- 
iblc  manufactures. 


)pe,  is,  for  its  extent, 
states.  Commerce, 
with  groat  industry. 
1  of  which  is  largely 
inen(!ss, 

cities  in  the  north  of 
I  galleries  of  paintings, 
ersity  ;  and  for  its  great 
ics  of  books  and  other 


^at  is  said  of  Blcnlieim  T 

'    7.  Describe  Hanover 

9.  X>eicribe  Dresden, 


TIIK    8MA1LEII    GERMAN    BTATKS. 


957 


10.  Chemnitz  is  noted  fi.r  ils  cdtlon  irmriunicturen,  Meissen  for  por- 
ctluin,  I'rtyliurjf  lor  ils  niini'N  and  mining  iu::id(iiiy,  Ziltuu  for  it» 
Mttnsivo  Iriidf  with  Uolieniia.aiHl  Hirrnliiii  an  tlic.,ri«;iial  s.alofthu 
.Moravian  brcHiren.  Liipsi,.,  Dnsdin,  and  Ha„i,,.ii,  were  llio  HccnrH 
ol  jiuporlanl  buttles  fought  by  tlio  c»ii)eror  Napoleon  against  the  allies. 

WmTK.MDKKO,  ()]l  WriRTFlMniKO. 

11,  This  Miito  was  erected  intri  a  liiiiudmn  in  iwon.  It 
is  onn  of  the  Ik'sI  culfivntod  parts  of  (icnnanv,  and  iuvmIuch 
•train,  wine,  and  fruits  of  various  kinds.  Cherries  ure  exten 
sively  raised,  from  wiiiidi  the  liquor  called  kiichwasser  is 
niude,  Ciecse  and  snails  are  rean.'d  and  fattened  in  crcat 
numh<!rs,  and  sent  to  Vienna  and  Italy. 

13.  Stuttgnrd,  the  capital,  is  a  well-built  city.  The  royal  librnrv 
contains  :illU,(IIJOvolui.ifK,  and  is  roniarkable  f.r  itn  collection  of  bibles, 
which  ( ..nipriKCH  8^>50  copicM,  in  08  dilfrrent  languiiires.  tUni  is  cclc. 
Crated  lor  its  cathedral.  Keullingen  and  'I'ubiiigcii  are  both  important 
owum:  .he  latter  is  noted  Ibr  its  university ;  Halle  Ibr  it«  salUworkH, 
and  Ikilbroii  lor  niiiicral  springs. 


■  175  ■ 


THE  .SMALLER  (iER.MAN  STATES. 

1.  The  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  consists  principally  of  a 
narrow  hut  fertile  [.lain  on  the  east  side  of  the  Uhino.  Grain 
nnd  wine  are  the;  chief  pnxJucts.  TIk;  manuliicture  of  wooden 
clocks  IS  a  considerable  branch  of  industry :  they  arc  sent  in 
great  niitnl)ers  to  various  parts  of  the  wf)rld. 

2.  Carlsruhc,  the  capital,  and  Manhcim,  are  amongst  tho  finest  citieo 
m  Germany.  Heidelberg  is  famous  for  its  cnor.nouH  tun,  which  holds 
800  hoffslieajls.  Baden*  is  noted  for  its  warm  baths,  and  Freyburir 
for  a  magniticent  Gothic  minster,  the  spire  of  which  iu  380  feet  high. 

3.  The  Hessian  States  comprise  tho  EUctnmte  of  lh„»e  Casiel,  the 
Grand  Uucliy  of  Ifeiie  Darmstadt,  and  the  Land<'riiviate  of  Heasr 
Hamburg,    llesso  CasscI  liog  chielly  on  th.i  river  FuJda,  southward  of 

r^ipsic.  10.  Chemnitz  and  the  other  towns.  11.  What  is  said  of 
Wirtcmbcrg?  What  is  extensively  raised,  &.c.?  12.  Describe  Stuttgard, 
Ulm,  &.C.  " 

Smaller  German  Slate,.  Q.-l  Describe  Baden.  2.  Carlsruho,  and 
the  other  towns.    3.  What  is  said  of  the  Hessian  .States  7     Hesse  Cas. 

•  Baden  is  a  German  word  signifying  bathing;  and  is  Uie  name  of 
two  otljor  towns  noted  for  their  batha,  »u.,  Buden  ia  Auauia.  iind 
Biidcn  m  Switicrlaud,  »—-•■,  »u« 


:?T^'^-*vr*';r?T=n 


258 


UESCUIPTIVE   Ut^flOttArilY. 


Ilannvcr  mid  Priis»i  i.  It  c(>m|irirtfM  siIno  two  Miiiill  iKHtrirtH,  (iilu:itrd 
ime  35  miliH  north,  uml  tlio  other  S-'O  miliH  funt,  of  thii  priiiripiil  Irrri. 
lory.  Tlio  Boluierx  of  tliin  Htalc  at  ?  no  loiifji'r  hind  to  li.r<  ijjii  imwcm. 
4.  Ileiie  Darmsladl  consiHta  oftlirco  wpurutu  diHtrictH,  two  ol'wliith 
ttrc  on  tlif  north,  and  ihu  ( 'l.'cr  on  the  Boiith  sidu  of  thu  river  ■Miiyiie. 
It  18  tho  inoBl  dcnncly  [woidcd  of  tlio  Hessian  States.  Helie  Uomhurg 
«oinpri«o8  two  diatincl  nections,  ntjiarated  00  niilc*  from  oucli  otiicr 


Mcniz. 

5.  Casscl,  Darmstadt,  and  Iloniburjj,  am  the  cnpitnls.  Ilanaii, 
Fulda,  and  Marburjr,  arc  important  towns  in  Cassei;  and  Worms  and 
IVIcntz  in  Uarnmtadt :  tlie  latter  is  stronjrly  fortified,  and  is  cckhrnted 
oa  the  place  where  printing  was  invented  'j'hc  he  -.c  wIutc  Faust 
and  Guttcmburg  made  their  first  Cbsays  in  (  lat  art  is  still  shown. 

6.  The  Sa.\on  Duchies  comprise  the  (Irand  Duchy  of  Saxe  ^Vt'imar, 
and  the  Durhies  of  Saxe  Coburfi  Oot/in,  Saxe  Meiningen  lliUiurpnausr.n, 
and  Saxe  AUenhurp.  They  are  situated  between  I'russia  and  Uavaria, 
tJie  kingdom  of  Saxony  and  the  Hessian  States. 

7.  Saxe  Coburg  Gotha  qpniains  also  a  small  district  Fituatcd  170 
miles  south-west  from  the  residue  of  the  state.  Weimar,  Gotha,  Mci. 
Dingen,  and  Altenburg,  arc  the  capitals  of  the  Saxon  Duchies. 

8.  Weimar  enjoys  a  high  reputation  for  learning.  It  has  been  the 
residence  of  some  celebrated  authors.  Gotha,  Altenburg,  Eisenach, 
and  Jena,  are  imjiortant  towns.  The  lust  is  noted  for  its  university 
and  the  great  victory  gained  by  the  French  over  tho  Prussians. 

9.  Mkcklenduro  comprises  the  Grand  Duchie$  of  Mecklenburg 
Sehwerin  and  Mecklenburg  Slrelilz.  The  cnjiitals  are  Schwerin  aiuj 
New  Strelitz.  The  former  is  situated  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 
Rostock  and  Wismar  arc  important  commercial  towns.  Gustrow  is 
noted  for  its  beer,  and  liUdwigslust  Ibr  its  magnificent  palace. 

10.  Oldenhur/r  is  almost  surrounded  by  the  dominions  of  Hanover. 
Some  small  districts  in  Holstein  and  the  south  purt  of  Prussia  also 


k1  ?  4.  Hesse  Darmstadt  7  Hesse  Homlmrg  7  5.  Casscl,  &.c.  7  6. 
The  Saxon  Duchies  ?  7.  Saxe  Coburg  Gotlia  ?  8.  Weimar,  4,c.  7  9 
Mecklenburg,  &c.  ?     10.  Oldenburg,  &.c  7     11.  Brunswick,  &,c.  7    13 


ill  iKstrirtH,  dilintrd 
'  till!  |iriii('ipal  trrri. 
(I  to  liiri  \gu  iK)\vrrs. 
slric'tH,  twoiifwliicli 
[)!'  tliu  river  .Miiyiiu. 
uH.  tietie  llumUurg 
u»  t'ruiii  oacit  other 


)  capitniR,  Ilanaii, 
;cl ;  nsiil  Worms  und 
c(l,  and  is  cclilinitcd 
he  '.e  whore  Faust 
t  is  Htill  sliuwn, 
chy  of  Saxe  Weimar, 
Dfren  IliWurpnausf.n, 
I'rusHia  uiid  liavui'iu, 

district  nituatcd  170 
Veiinar,  (jntha,  Mui' 
von  Duchies. 
g.  It  has  liccn  the 
lltrnburg,  Eisenach, 
;d  for  its  university 
lie  Prussians. 

iie$  of  Mecklenburg 
'.a  are  Scliwcrin  niul 
3  of  the  Buiuc  name. 

towns.    Gustrow  is 
icent  palace, 
minions  of  Hanover. 

part  of  Prussia  also 

5.  Ca.Hse],  &.c.  ?  6. 
8.  Weimar,  -fcc.  ?  9 
irunswick,  &c.  7    13 


THE   SMAI.LEn   GERMAN    STATES. 


259 


IK-Ionsr  tn  this  Blato  OidiMl.iirir,  tU-  capital,  i,  a  wcll-hiiilt  citv.  with  a 
l.ai.dso,„o  d.ual  palace.    The  olher  t,:wns  are  hm.uII  and  uni'trtan" 

t,.rr  Inri,?"?  p"*  '="""'''['"/  *'"''  '''"'""••t  portions,  surrounded  hy  tha 
.:  r<tor.es  of  P-uss.a  and  llauov,  r.  The  city  of  UruuHwick,  the  capi. 
U  .  s  noted  (o,  Us  annual  fairs.  Wolfenhuttel,  7  miles  south  o'uruT. 
wick,  contains  one  of  llio  most  valual-lo  libraries  in  liuro|H.- 


170 


K  Tho  nitrhij  of  Nassau  is  .sitimfed  on  ihn  rivers  Rhino 
uul.MayiK.  It  is  liiinoiis  Cur  its  wines  and  mineral  waters. 
\\  i.slMiden,  tlio  capital,  is  nuieli  visited  on  account  .if  its  wnrm 
'|'i"'««.  At  ^ied(<rse!ters,  two  million  bottles  arc  r.llcd 
*iii)imlly  w;th  the  celebrated  Seltzer  wat<T. 

1.1.  Anhal/  Dcsiau.AUmll  Ilenilmrfr,  and  AnMt  Cnlhen,  fi>rm  Hvo 
'.ipil.ils  are  ln■^sau,  ncrnhur^r,  and  C:oth(n. 

i«m\v!!I'/, ''a  "''''''■'';'''"  "'■ '^'•'''"•""='""-?  liuilnhladt  arul  Srhwartz 
if.      m  e-fl   '"^"',r'l';-'r''"'-^'"i';'ri-.  which  lio  about  .'5  milc« 
«l'.'i '.     1  lie  capitals  arc  liudolstadt  and  Sondershausen. 

la.  lieuss  (ireitx  and  Reuis  Schleilz  consist  of  two  distinct  see 
'-'..".  separated   but  a  short  distance  from  each  other.    Grcitz  and 
f,obcnstem  arc  i  u-;  capilals.    Gcro  is  uio  chief  town. 
Ifi.  Lippe  Delmold  and  Lippe  Snhauenhurp  arc  situated,  the  latter 

1  M?r"'i'""'  ""  "t'  r"  '^'"  """"'  '"^'^"f  "'«  WeL  river,  and 
ibout  10  nulcs  a;.irt.     IJuekeburg  and  Retinoid  arc  Uio  capitals 

17.  IMenzollcrn  Ilechingen  and  IMemollern  Siemarimren  form  a 
.onneete.l  domain.  They  Ho  in  the  southern  part  of  the  k  "gdZof 
VV  1  tci,w,cr:,r.     Il.ch.ngcn  and  Signmringen  are  the  capitals.  ^ 

IS.  ]\al<lerk  eonsi«ts  of  two  detached  sections  about  30  miles  from 

d   :    nnualVv!";''.'  "  ''^^S-''"-"'  -  """'d  '-  its  mineral  water" 
and  IS  annually  visited  by  many  strangers.    Arolscn  is  the  capital. 

iir>  v;  mr/lfn."''"*  "'^^l"'^""'  °''"'<'  principalities,  is  situated  on  tho 
"P  '  r  |Mrt  ot  tVi  river  Rl-iiie,  between  Austria  and  Switzerland  vZ 
uui '.  IS  the  cap;,al.     The  Prineo  usually  resides  in  Vienna 

(^f ?.1"  '■'"'i  .^.'"'■'''''''P  o'"  Kniphaustn  is  tho  smallest  of  the  German 
Sta  es  and  the  smallest  in  Europe.  It  is  situated  within  tl  e  tcrritoTc" 
of  Oldenburg.  The  capital  is  tho  castle  of  Kniphausen.  with"  Imall 
'idjoining  village  containing  only  8  houses  and  50  inhabitrnts. 
FmnkJ!^  Free  Cities  OP  Germany  «"'  Hamburs,  Lubec,  Bremen,  and 
/  ranhfort.  1  hcse  arc  all  that  rcmpin  of  the  famous  IlanJeatio  League. 

Rurit\T',?«  13  .AnHalt  Dessan,  .fee.  14.  Sehwartzhnr- 
HohcnzollcrnHcohinffen,&c.     18.  Waldeck.     ly!  Liehtcnstdn:    80 


2(30 


DESCniPTIVE  OEOOnAPIIY. 


that  onco  comprincd  P5  ol'  tlio  most  coriiimrtiiil  KuroiMun  lownn,  and 
ruled,  by  their  wcallli  and  arms,  a  grcul  part  id'  iiDrlhtrn  Kuropu. 

22.  Hamhurt;  Ih  Ihti  (liicf  cDiimiercial  .  ily  in  (Jirinany.  Il  in  tho 
urat  of  cxtriisivt;  niiiimliirtiircH,  nnd  Ihn  hliips  of  iiimiiwt  nil  "ulions 
viHJt  ilB  port.*  [.iiliicarid  llrcmcii  ari;  iiiiportaiil  coiuni(i(  ial  towns. 
At  Friinkforl  tin:  Germanic  Diit,  or  ConHrtHH  of  tlio  timiian  piin.rsi, 
holds  ilH  rnii'llnjjM.  'I'Iiih  "ily  in  cckhraliii  tor  itn  hcini-unniiul  liiirn, 
whicii  atlract  niircliaiitM  lioni  all  parts  of  Kuropu. 

'J3.  Tim  Diiiliii'M  of  lloUtiin  iind  Laucnhnrg  l)cioii(j  to  T>(  niimrlt. 
Altona,  Kill,  mid  Olnclisladt,  aro  tho  chief  tow  nil  in  llolsliin,  and 
Lancnbiir};  in  F-amnhiirif. 

24.  The  Craiid  Hiichy  of  Lvxemhirg  liclonps  part  to  UcK'imn  and 
pan  to  r  ^llanil,     'I'he  tillu  of  (Jrand  Dnlic,  and  the  ri^ht  of  volinK  ii 


tho  German  Dirt  are  enjoyed  l>y  the  kini;  of  Holland, 
the  capital,  is  nuled  lijr  the  Htrenylh  of  ilo  IbrtiliealionH. 
the  next  nioMt  iinpurtanl  town, 

177 

Map  No.  20.— What  lioundH  Germany  on  tho  nortli  7 
D..Sa.— South  /    Sd,,  L,  and  v.— HiiNt  ?    I'd,,  Ga.,  Ily. 


IiU.veinliiirii', 
Uustogno  IS 


N..Sa,,  Dk„ 

West?  lid., 
Bm,,  Fc.  (Sec  table  of  the  German  Slates.)  How  many  German  States  ? 
How  many  arc  lOnipireB?  Kingdoms?  Grand  I)uehien7  Duehies? 
Principalities?  Electorates?  Lundfrnviates?  Lordtdiipfl?  Hi  pnlilics  ? 
How  many  arc  (.Jiilliolic  7     rrolcstant  ?     AbHolutc  in  ,;overmiienl  7 

How  lonfj  niul  wide  is  Germany?  Its  area?  Popul.ilioii  ?  To 
what  state  does  llolstein  and  Lauenburp  beloiiij  ?  l)U, — l.uMiiiburg  V 
Hd.— Point  out  the  dilferent  states  on  the  Map.  The  Smaller  German 
States  which  have  a  common  title  will  be  liiund  under  their  reH]ieelivi; 
heads:  thiif,  the  Saxon  Duchic)  arc  under  SAXK;  those  of  Aiihall, 
under  ANHALT,  &c.  Tho  capitals  designate  tlio  general  position 
of  the  special  divisions. 

What  rivers  flow  into  the  North  Sea?  Re.,  Es,,  Wr,,  Ec.,  Er.— Into 
tho  UalticSea?  Or.  — How  long  is  each  of  these?  Which  is  the 
principal  river  ir.  tho  south  of  Germany  7  Dc— Into  what  river  do 
tho  Mouse,  Moselle,  Maync,  and  Ncckar  flow  7  Re. — The  Lech,  Iser, 
inn.  Ens,  Leitha,  March,  Raab.  and  Dravu  7  Dc. — The  Save  also  Slows 
into  tho  Danube.  Into  what  river  do  tho  Huntc,  AUer,  Fulda,  and 
Wcrra  flow?  Wr.— Tho  Moldau,  Mulda,  Haalc,  Havel,  and  Ihncnau? 
"►•ie. — The  NeissL,  Bobcr,  and  Wartha,  are  the  chief  branches  of  Uio 
Mer.    Into  what  sea  does  tho  Danube  flow  ?    (Sco  Map,  No.  18.) 

Where  is  Muritz  Lake  7  L.  Schweiloeh  7  Ainmcr  L,  ?  Cheim  L.  ? 
Alter  L,  7  Traun  L.  7  L.  of  Constance  7  Cirknitz  L.  7  'i'ho  latter 
is  iin  alternating  lake  :  il  is  full  of  water  in  winter,  which  passes  off 

Kniphauscn.    21.  Tho  Free  cities,  tec.   23.  Hamburg,  &.c.    23.  Hoi- 
stoin  and  Laucnburg.    24.  liUxcniburg, 

*  In  the  year  1843,  a  dreaiirul  Ore  occurred  in  Hamliurg,  wbicb  dcBtroyed  pra 
perty  to  the  amount  uf  30  million  dollaia 


in  Ih 

iinf 
MuInI 
V\ 

irrlm 

Wllld 

I'.aiil 

,MlH. 

Julia 
W 

J  .OW( 

Ihe  (i 

Iilyri 

pliali 

the  01 

Tho 
I'ruse 
Poi 
each. 
Map, 
Icffcs 
is  tlu 
what 
Iluvai 


1. 

Euro 
and  t 
2. 
canto 
curit^ 

Swi 


Iiir(i|)can  (uwn8,  and 
)rtliL'rii  Kuropu. 
•iTinaiiy,  II  ix  tho 
r  nlinoKt  nil  nutioiis 
.  coiuiiicrt  iiil  tuwii.'^ 
Iiu  (■rriiiMM  luiiursy, 
»  tiCiiii-uiiiiiiul  liiii'M, 

l)rloii(j  fo  Pciitimrk. 
im  ill  llolsU'in,  anil 

part  to  Uil(,'imn  nnd 
lip  riijlit  ol'  veiling  in 
liluuil.  IiiiM-inliiir^', 
utiuiiK.     l)ustijj;nc  ia 


nortli  7    N.-Sa.,  Dk., 

Ily.—W.sl?      11(1., 

mny  (jcrniiwi  Stoks  ? 
)ui'liit'i*7  DiK.'liics? 
rdKliipB?  KcpiiliUcs  ? 
2  in  ;;ovL'rniiiLiil  7 
?  Popuhilliin?  To 
Dk. — l.ii.\(iiil)ur(j  V 
Till!  SiniilicrCicrniiin 
ndcr  tlii'ir  r('H]K'(livi; 
.K;  tlioso  of  Aiiliiitl, 
tlio  gcncrul  puuiliuu 

,,Wr.,  Ec,  Er.— Into 
CSC  7  Which  in  till' 
-Into  wiial  river  ilo 
Rn. — The  Ltch,  Iscr, 
—The  Save  iilsi)  ilows 
!e,  AlitT,  Fuldu,  and 
llavcl,  and  Ilnicnau? 
Iiief  branchcH  of  Uio 
ice  Map,  No.  18.) 
imcr  L,  ?  Chciin  L.  ? 
nitz  L.7  'I'ho  latter 
tor,  which  passes  oif 

nburg,  &.C.    23.  IIol- 


g,  wbicb  (IcBtroyed  pro 


ii 


swrr/uRi.AND.  2C.I 

in  iho  early  piirt  i;f  Hninincr,  uinl  ihe  liottnni  of  the  lake  btuoinen  ii 
pasliirf-cfroiind.  Where  iirc  the  isliindi'  of  Kiiu-.n,  I'Hedoin,  and  Wid- 
hn  /  To  what  Htiilo  do  Ihey  hcliiiitj?  I'a. — What  island  lies  west  ol 
HolHttiii7    Ihl. — 'I'o  what  power  iIim'm  it  belong  7  <«..Hn. 

Where  arc  the  Alts,  eiillid  the  l''irlit(l!;eliir!re,  Erz:r|.|,jrire,  and  fiiisen- 
irrliirife  ?  'I'hcse  lomi  llie  Siidclic  Mis,  r.iiiit  out  the  IJiirlz.  Ilohnier. 
wiild,  ArllierLr,  and  Vosj^cs  Alts.  How  liiL'h  are  all  the  tlire^'ointf  f 
I'l.int  (lilt  till'  lllick  I'Viriht  or  Schwiir/.wald.t  Icltiiwald,  and  llereyiuaii 
.Mis.  Tli'i  A!p~i.  Howl  i..g  are  Ihey  7  I'oinl  out  the  Khelian  Alps, 
Julian  Alps,  iNorie  Alps,  ...iil  Slyriaii  Alps. 

Wluro  are  lioheniia,  Moravia,  Austrian  Silesia,  Upper  Austria, 
Lower  Austria,  Tyrol,  Slyria,  t'arinthia,  and  t'arniolaf  These  are 
ihe  (leriiian  provinees  of  Austria.  'J'he  two  last  (orni  the  kingdom  of 
Illyria.  Wli,  re  is  ronieraiiia,  liraiulenhurg,  Sili sia,  .Saxniiv,  West- 
phalia, and  niiine  7  'I'hen'  are  the;  tiernian  proviiiees  of  I'nissia,  For 
the  other  great  divisions  of  Austria,  sic  .Map  No,  IH.  TIkiv  are  Ifiiii- 
gary,  (iaiieia,  and  Daimatia.  Chief  towns,  I'esf,  l,eiiilierg,  inil  /art. 
Tlio  remaining  I'riissian  jirovineen  are  J'osen  and  East  and  Wesil 
TrUKsia.     Chief  towns,  Tosen,  Kouigsherg,  and  Uantzick. 

Point  out  the  capitals  of  Ihe  (Jernian  .States.  The  population  of 
each.  Point  out  the  capitals  situated  on  rivers  that  arc  named  in  the 
Map,  and  the  names  of  Ihe  rivers.  Point  where  uiiiversilies  and  col. 
leges  are  siliiated.  Tell  Ihe  number  in  each  state  respectively.  Whicii 
is  tlio  most  poimlouu  city  in  (Jerinany  ?  Va.  —  The  ne.\l  7  On. —  In 
what  years  did  the  battles  fought  in  Austria  tnkc  place  ?  In  Prussia  ' 
Uavaria  7     Saxony  7     Wirteinherg  7     Saxo  Weimar. 


Bern*. 

SWITZERLAND. 

1.  Switzerland  is  the  most  mountainous  country  iti 
Europe.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  grandeur  of  its  scc.icry, 
and  the  freedom  of  its  political  institutions. 

2.  It  is  called  the  "  Helvetic  Republic;"  nnd  consists  of  22 
cantons,  each  of  which  is  indepeiidont ;  but  for  national  se- 
curity tliey  are  united  together,  and  governed  by  a  general  diet. 

Switxtrland.  Q.—l.  Dcicribo  Switzerland.    2.  What  is  it  called  7 


■'-i^' 
.» 


303 


DKBtnirrivE  OKOonAPiiv. 


3  Swltxcrliind  ii  truviTMil  Ity  tlm  A1|>h.  Kxtcimivp  ililili  of  |rp, 
ciilltd  gliii-icrii,  cover  their  Inllly  Huiiiiiiitx ;  mid  uvuluntliiH,  foiM|H)nKl 
of  vumI  ImxIIcn  of  Hiiow,  HoiiiclitiioH  riiKli  down  upon  tliu  vullcyn,  bury, 
iiig  liiivi'llirH,  huildiiiK",  iind  cvfii  villa};i'«,  in  oiii!  coiiiiiiuti  ruin. 

4.  Mimy  jiiirtu  of  liii;  rouiilry  iirc  Iml  ill  ii(ln|ilf(l  to  n^'ricultnr.! 
Init   by  tin:  liidiintry  ol'  l\w  iiilinliilaiilH,  Kjiotf*  U|>|iuriiiliy  diKiiiiiil   to 
utornul  Hti'iilily  art'  crowned  uitli  vejfelation,    'I'iio  (irodiatH  are  ){ruin, 
wine,  and  variouH  kindN  of  fruit;  but  puKturoiru  and  tlio  UMikiiij;  dI' 
chet'HO  are  the  eliief  objectH  of  the  tlirnier. 

3.  The  Svvifls  arc  honeiit,  brave,  and  IjoMpilnble,  nrdrnliy  ntlarhed  to 
liberty,  and  to  their  native  country.  Kduealion  is  (feiierul  in  iSwitJter. 
land;  ami  (rreat  eriincH  arc  rare.  'I'lic  rrotcKtantH  u/id  CalbolicH  are 
about  ecjual  in  number.  The  lungimgcs  Ki>ukvn  aro  tiw  German, 
French,  nnd  Italian. 

(!.  Heme  is  UHUnlly  considered  the  capital  of  Swil7crlan.<  ;  but  Zurich 
and  Lucerne  -share  with  it  that  honour,  inkiIi  beiufj  allermiiely  tbc  neat 
of  jrovernnient  for  two  years  at  a  time.  Geneva  in  Kiliaiited  on  the 
lake  of  the  same  name.  It  in  <'islin(;uislied  lor  its  literary  institu. 
liouH,  uiid  its  e.vleusive  maimfiicturcH  <it'  clocks,  wulehes,  &c. 
^  7.  Freibiirfr  is  noted  for  ils  wire  suspeuiiion  bridtre,  the  lonpcst  in 
Kuropc.  It  crosses  the  river  Serine,  is  l)()"»  feet  in  b  ii(r||i,  and  17.i 
aliovc  llio  Kurfaee  of  the  water.     It  was  completed  in  the  year  IM.'M. 

K  Near  SehntniauHcu  aro  the  ceM.riiled  Kills  of  lb.-  Hbinc.  .Mor. 
eartcn  and  Moral  were  the  scenes  of  Kjileudid  victories  trained  in  tbo 
(  auKPof  li-eedom.  At  i\!orirarlen,  I IKII)  .Swiss  routed  'JD.OOO  Auslriuns. 
In  this  battle  the  celebrated  William  Tell  distinguisbed  Jamstli:  At 
Zurich  the  French  delcated  the  Auslrians  and  Kussians. 

!).  Amonjr  tho  quadrupeds  found  in  Switzerland  aro  the  Alpine 
spaniel  ond  tho  ibex.    The  former  is  one  of  tho  largest  animals  of  iti 


kind 
pur|« 
liinu 
lliu  li 
tJiosc 

H!f 
Wg.. 

I'lnn 
Jura 
r..  f.i 

H  .\e 
but  U 

laliiiii 

uf  till 
Wbei 
Uhal 


Aipina  Bpaniel. 


IlHIX. 


3.  WJiat  Ib  8aid  of  the  Alps  T    Avalanches  7    4.  Agriculture    ic  T 
ProducU?    5.  Describe  the  Swiss.    What  is  said  of  education?'  Lun 


1. 

theGi 

gUB^CR 

the  Fal 
Tell  ? 

Italy 


Y. 

Inmivp  t1i'Iil<  of  Ire, 

iVullllltlirH,    f()IM|K)»f(l 

III)  (liu  valley*,  bury. 
'  ooiiiiiiuii  ruin. 

ipltd  til  n<rrii?ulliiri! 
|i|iuri'iilly  ildfiini'il   in 

10  |)rriiliut»  iiri'  Kfiifif 
aiiii  tliu  ii-.ukiiij;  III' 

,  nrdently  ntlnclicd  lu 
M  (;iiii!irul  III  SwilJtiT. 
itM  uiid;  C'atliolicM  iirc 
un  aro  Uio  Uvriiiuii, 

itzorlaiK*  ;  hut  Zurich 
(T  allfrimicly  tl;c  Bciit 

11  in  viliiJiili'd  (III  till! 
•  its  liliTiiry  iiislitii. 

.Ull'lll'H,  &o. 

rldiji',  the  Innpost  in 
t  ill  Iciifrtli,  and  175 
d  in  the  year  iM.'lt. 
(if  the  Khinp.  Mnr. 
tiirics  jr'i'i'id  ill  tlio 
:cd  JD.ODU  Au.Hlriuns. 
^uiHhud  liinmtli:  At 
iHMianH. 

and  arc  the  Aijiinc 
irgcut  aninials  of  iti 


Iboz. 


i.  Agriculture,  ic.  7 
of  education  7    Lon 


ITALY. 


SG3 


kiiiJ.  Several  aro  kept  hy  tho  ;iionkb  r|  Mount  R(,  ncrnard.  (iir  the 
|MiriHi,(,  „»  di«cciurin»  triivdlcn.  I.wt  in  .ro.Hin!,  ||,„  nicmiilaiiiH  in 
[mil!  Ill  M10W.       J  Iw  llMtx  IH  u  HjK,.irH  of  wild  k.nU,  u;id  (IvvrllH  uimiMS 

m  hitfli..'»t  prceijii. VH  ,ii  tl,o  Alpn,  wliiUicr  lli.y  uro  oil,  n  iMIowud  U 
UiiiMo  who  liuiit  tlinii.  ' 

.U-j;.  Ao  50._What  boiindH  Swil^.^rlund  on  tho  north/  Vc,  Bii.. 
U  «.-Ni,i  h  f  Ha  L.  nnd  V.-|;,.hI  /  Tl.-Whcrc  nr.  Ihr  Jura  Ml,.  J 
l.nnin.)  AI|.H?  Lcpontin,,  Al|i»  .'  How  lii^h  i«  Me.  H,.s,i  ^  The 
J.iru  AKh.  '    W  hcr«  ih  Liko  CoiiHlanc.)  !    (Jriuv,,  f ,.  /    J,.  N,  ulllmtcl? 

•v"'.''V"l  I  '•■,'?"^"''''  •l(.wlo..«iH.M,h,i;'llicHol,,l*cH.'  WIkw 
H  \rut,  Im  ..|  and  il.  t.rr.lory  I  Tl.iH  lilll,,  hI.Io  i.  a  Svvis.  canto,,. 
Hil  undrr  he  fcrdVcriUMcnt  ot  tlic  kinfr  of  I'ru.Hia.  What  i.  thii  nop.,! 
hU.»  uiUruvviil  lasl,./  ||..rno  /  Zurich/  T.u.cri...  ^  Uliich 
ut  IhcH,;  town,  have  ..oll.:tr,.H7     Il„w  hJBh  ,.ru  the  Kalin  „f  the  Rhino ' 

V  hen  were  the  battles  of  Mornr.en.  .Morat.  and  '/.nruU,  fh Ma  ' 
M  liat  three  conmdurahlc  rivcrH  ri«u  in  Switzerland  /    Ke.,  i{e..  In. 


ITALY. 

k  ^'J^xc^^r  C?™'  "^  ^"'"'  peninsula,  bounded  on  tho  ts»8t  by 
the  Oull  of  Venice,  and  on  tho  west  by  tho  Mediterranean 

K"T',/     5- ,""?"".'  ^^''-^     Geneva?     7.   Frcibur,??     S,  Where  are 
U.e  fallH  of  the  Rhiiie  7     What  h  Haid  of  Mor^arlen.  Jkc.  7     VViKiam 
1  ell  7    Zurich  7     9.  W  hat  quadrupeds  ure  found  in  Switzerland  7 
Italy.  Q.— 1.  What  docs  Italy  form  7    2.  What  ii  it  7    For  what  it 


.'(II 


DKSCIUITIVK  OWXillAPMY. 


fon.    It  wns  tho  rniintry  of  tUr  nnfii-nl  llomnii*,  nivl  ta  filled 
willi  till)  runmitm  of  their  N|iliiiiliil  I'itics  ami  biiil'lina;s. 

V.  Tli'Mijrh  in  R  ntnte  of  ilccHtio,  lluly  in  oiio  of  iha  mo^i 
inlpro.itiii;^  cMtimlrii't  in  lln'  worM,  iiml  nliinnt  i'V<Ty  «[><'t  in 
it  liiiit  liOt'ii  llio  KcciH!  of  miiiH'  ri'iiiiirkabli!  event.  Tiif! 
country  lit  nntod  iiir  tiic  niililm  .^<«  of  its  (;liniiit(<,  nnd  for  tliu 
boniily,  rliviTHiiy,  luul  ronmntic  clmricirr  of  it*  m;c-n<.'ry. 

.1,  'I'Ik'  KMJl  i<  Ki'iierully  rvrlilr,  uiiil  in  ill  miriiti  |>arl>i  well  iMiIliViit«d 
Till'  rlild'  |iriiiliii'H  uri!  >\ Ileal,  lorii,  liri',  ml,  wiiii*,  uiiil  iiil:^  'i'lio  priii- 
ci|iiil  iViiiU  ar(<  iiruii|;<'>',  li;?",  iIuIi'm,  iiihI  iiIiii'uiiN. 

'i  Tliii  'tiiiiinn  CuIIiiiIk'  In  tliii  oNtulili^liiiI  ri'li:;lim  In  nil  tlm  Italian 
dlutr*.  In  tliiii  eiiunlry  uro  to  Ihi  lininil  tliii  I'lnrrit  ii|rt'<'iiiiriiii  iif  orclii. 
nictiiro.  Tliii  clitirclu'ii  urn  ciiHlly  unil  inii^rniliiMiit,  iitid  lliu  (JHolliiiK* 
j(  miiiio  ol'  lliu  nolilvt  rivul  tliu  iialaccu  ul'  kiii|;ii  nnd  t'tii|>i'torM, 

S.  Till!  ilaliana  am  lii|;lily  ilixllnciti'iliril  liir  llirir  M\\  in  iioul|itiirr, 
■•aiiiliiiiri  ari'liilt'i'liiri',  mill  iiiiiNiis  lint  an'  nut  iiiiu  li  imidj  nt  iiri'^cnl 
for  liliratiirn  or  ♦ciriifi'.  'I'liry  nru  naliirully  a  livi  ly  pcii|ilt',  witli  nilivc 
|iniiiiiiinn  anil  arilmit  iinaKinatinnH,  and  ginrrully  liavt  cx|irciiiivu  cuiin- 
hinuiieuf  and  oniiiiutt'd  ijmrklinK  uyci. 


Jl^     t 


-V*- 


Italian  ChhIiiiiI' 


«.  The  liiglior  r^nkn  wear  tlio  umial  r'nropoiin  irrnn;  but  umonjr  tli 
ijvcT  iiriliTH,  thcro  nro  vurinin  local  iM'ciiliiiniiiH  of  C(i-.|iiiiii;.    Tliu  HkiiI 
•jf  tho  llnliunii  in  (fcni-Tully  IIkIiI;  Irniii  and  n'ti'talilim  an;  innro  com- 
mon uriicloi  of  diet  than  llciih,  and,  iik  in  lliu  other  |)iirt»  of  the  iouth 
of  Buropo,  oil  and  wino  aro  much  used  by  ull  cIushch  of  the  iKoplo. 

t  noted  T      3.  What  ii  (inid  of  the  miilt    4.   Religion?      What  arf 
b)  Ijo  found/      5.  Dcicrilw  tho  Italiann.      6.  TUuir  drtw.      lood. 


:it 

bl 

ua 
ini 
1 
ciRi 
ear 
thii 
dcfi 

1 

itat 
vnp 
teig 

M 
■ea< 
Jio  V 
froii 

".  W 

die. 


1 


fllV. 

Ilomnitii,  nnd  it  filled 

i  mill  biiil'lingt. 

ly  in  ono  of  lliii  mn^i 
iiliiiiHt  cvory  Hjtot  ill 
iirl;fil)li!  iivfiit.  Tlif! 
I  (;liiiiiit(<,  ntui  for  thu 

t  Ol"  111*  mTIK.Ty. 

iiiu  puriiii  ucll  fiillivulcd 
iiif,  uiiil  »ili,    Tlio  |inii- 

U. 

'i'li;;iiin  in  iill  tlm  Italian 
iH'nt  ii|ii'i'iiiiriiii  1)1'  orrlii- 
licinl,  iiikI  lliu  dwelling* 
:ii  1111(1  t'tii|>i'tory. 

r  llit'ir  i<lull  in  iicul|iliirr. 
I  iiiiuli  iinldl  lit  |)ri'Ni'nt 
livi  ly  ("'ii|ik',  witli  ni'livi- 
illy  liuvL'  i'X|irciiiivu  cuiin- 


nn  Hrrdu;  but  amonjf  tli 
CM  of  C()«liimi;,    The  fiKid 
I'lji'tiililtH  II  n;  rnnro  com- 
•  other  piirtH  of  the  luuth 
clusHvii  uf  llie  iKuplo. 

I.   Religion?      What  are 
6.  Tliuir   UrtM.      I'oiid 


«Aurti.\u--i,.i.MUAHi»Y  Axn  v»:m«k.  '>03 


Iiulily  ,„  .Unimex 
HAHIUMA. 

l";i''tiMT  utili  tlm  l,;,r-..  ialf.1,,1  of  Sanliiii,,. 


•M'lillll  III'   lid' 

ri 


iknm,  a„.J  N.c,  «ro  .he-  (•o„ii„.„,u|  ,,rovi.,ci 


(JcMinu. 


dcfcttt.<{  by  tho  R,ui,ian  (iencrul  Suwur^'nw  "^  *'""'='*  ""' 

rc-.gn.ng  pr.nco  ..  a  peer  of  France,  and  UHi.ally  l.vc  il,  Purr" 

J'op^'o.  ai._WI,ut  Mt..  bound  Italy  on  tlio  north  7 
.ea  on  tho  Houth  and  west  ?     M..Sa.  —  Ei 


liist  7 


Af.— Wh» 

(...vo.— What  iHliinJ 


Bll 


noa 


OfMCRimvl   OrrMIRAPIIV. 


Mup  iV»  5ft.— Whrro  u  llu«  riv<f  P't  f  Wlint  fiver*  flow  iiiin  ||  m 
llw  liiirtli '  Mtiiilh  f  Ihln  lh«  Uiitr  ul' Vi'iiti'i' '  Horn  li-nu  ni<[Ue  fo 
»ni\  Ailiiri- /  Wliiirtf  la  l.iikii  (i.ifilii  '  f.,  rmiio  f  I.,  Miijti(i<)nif 
llow  liitiir  la  mcli  I  How  la  Hnrihiiiii  IhiiiiiiIiiI  i>ii  ilia  nnrlli '  Htiiith  1 
liaal  f  \Vi»t  '  Wlnri' urn  till'  Muriliiiiti  Aljia  ^  CuUiiin  /M|ia  '  IVi». 
liinv  Al|ia  '  lliiw  liiifli  la  Mmil  IIUiii> '  ^ll.  Kimii  '  Mow  |iiii|{  miti 
hiKli  iru  till)  A|>viiiiliM  a  '  VVImt  la  tiio  |Mi)>iiiiitiiin  of  Turin,  miii  iIm 
utiioi  biwiia ?     (ill  wiul  rivcra  ■ro  tlu7  ?     Wlicro  ia  Miiinoi ' 

MiipSit.'ii.—Whrw  ia  ihf  i«lnn(l  of  Hiiriliiiin 7  Mow  Iuiik  and 
Willi'  la  It  '  What  atrnit  a('|Hir>il>K  It  I'riMil  Ciirnii'S  ?  I<<>. — i'ollit  uul 
U«  I  Igtivat  Ml.     What  II  ttiu  |Hi|iulii.tii>ii  u(  ('«|{liiiri  I     H.uiaari  t 

LOMnAnnv  and  vf.nicf,,  or  auhthian  itat.y. 

I.  TiiK  kiiindom  of  I/nnliurtly  titiil  Venice  in  siluati'd  1«. 
tw«'«'n  thi»  riviT  Vo  nnd  tho  Aljm,  ii?ul  wcHtwanI  of  tlio  (iiilf 
of  Vcnicp.  it  U'ltmHN  to  AuNtrin,  ami  U  onn  of  tlio  U'st  cui- 
llvntcd  li-rrilorifN  in  Italy.  IIh  unricnlliiri',  tniiii-,  mid  inimu. 
factiiii'H,  nro  prosix'roim.  It  luiiNiNtN  of  two  diviNiotiM,  l^uin' 
Uirdy  in  iho  wcMt,  and  Venice  in  the  cait. 

9,  Milnn,  the  Mat  of 
((iiM'riiiiH'iit,  ia  on  tin 
( iliiiiA  river,  «  lirnnch  o( 
tlic  Po.  It  ia  •  htnd. 
••>m«  city,  and  wm 
crcally  iiniinivcii  liy  tli« 
Kiiiiicror  NajHilcun,  It 
wni  liiiinili'it  U'lOOyoari 
iiK»,  anil  waa  liirty 
tiiiici  lN'»iv|;>:<l,  liiriy 
tiiiii'i  tukrii,  mill  four 
tiiiioailratroycil  and  re- 
built. Tlir  pulilic  build 
in|;a  nra  nutncnma  mid 
aplemlid.  'I'liu  I'litlirilral 
if  the  fincat   K|H'iMiiii'n 

of  Untliic  aroliitccturo  in  rxiatcnc«,  md  the  ttatuci  with  wliich  It  if 

•durncd  ore  laid  tu  amount  to  4000. 

3.  Vcniro,  tlio  cntiital  of  the  ancient  rrpiihlic  of  that  name,  waa 
loflK  the  chief  inaritiiiin  cily  of  the  louth  of  Kuro|)c,  niul  tlioii^^h  it* 
extcnHlvc  conimcrcn  and  iiiival  (rrcalnraa  have  departed,  it  ia  atill  an 
tiniHirtant  pluco.    It  is  a  rcinarkablu  city,  bcin^  built  upon  7!2  iilanda, 


Milan  Cathedral. 


iMmbat-ty  ind  Vrniff,   Q.  —  1.  Wli       it  taid  of  Lombardr  an4 


1< 

("hu 

Will> 
ull.Sil 

V.nic 
Duch 

Mill 

'"  l^llm 
"•IIUU. 


i  ^ 


PIIV. 

Iinl  ritKrn  (low  liiiii  il  im 
I  llriw  |i<li;{  iirr  lliii  fu 
('iiiiiii  I     f<.    MiiBi(iiirii  I 

I  III!  llif!  riiirdi  f    Miiuth  f 

I I  ('iittiiiii  AI|in'    iVn- 
Itimu  '      lliiw   |iiii|(  And 

liitKin  <>r  Turin,  itiiii  iIm 
liira  ia  Moiiicit  F 

riliiiiii  7  lliiw  |iiii|{  mill 
(irxicn?  U<>. —  I'uiiit  iiul 
i^liiiri  I     tt.umari  I 


MTrilAN  ITAr.Y. 

^'(■nico  in  siiluati'il  l«. 
kONtwaril  1)1*  tlio  (iiiir 
i  (tiio  <>r  iho  U'st  cul- 
iri>,  triiiii-,  iind  iii/inu- 
I  two  iliviNuirw,  Loin- 
tt. 

3,  Milnn,  the  *aat  of 
(fiiviriiiiii'iit,  in  on  iii« 
( Miiiia  rivt'r,  •  lirnnvli  of 
(lio  Po.  It  U  a  hkiid. 
*i>m«  city,  and  wai 
srcally  iniiinivcd  liy  the 
Krii|)vror  Na|Hilvt>n.  It 
wni  liiiindi'd  U'lOOyoari 
ngn,  and  wan  fiirty 
tiinoi  iN'nivKcil,  torty 
(iinra  tukcn,  and  four 
tiiiiOi  destroyed  and  re- 
built. 'I'lii-  piililic  Ituild 

I  in|;ii  aro  niitncroiiH  iind 
■picndid,  'I'liu  eutlieilral 
il  the  flncat   KjK'iHnien 

itatUGi  with  wliich  it  ii 

ihlio.  of  timt  namp,  waa 
Kiiro|)c,  luid  tli(iii);h  it* 
3  departed,  it  ia  atill  an 
ng  built  upon  7!2  ialanda, 

anid   of  Lombardy   an4 


fAHHA.  NOIlB.1,A,  M  CCA,  Tt«CA!*V.  Til.:  ro|.R|M.w.   'W 


|.-lnnl  logi  Iher  by  3(10  brldu.  a.     V.tiieo  lua  ,•...,.!■  f. 

•"'•  -r  u 1-l.u  li„  e«,r,„„",      1.    '  .f  lilt',,  ^''  "•";''••  •'"' 

mmn  mwv.  or  Adr.ai.o \Ie»  ""*  ^"""^  '"  "'«  «""  "•  "'• 

«n.,.in.  o(  4  ui.i  |Jo,„a„  ,.Mii.li,ll.c«  ,«■;•'      ,    "'  /'"  •''• 

PARMA  AND  MuDKN^. 

ft.  Tl.-  n,u|,i,.N  ,.(•  |',n„m  mil    M.„|..na   nrr  fiTtitr  niul 
r(H'l..u.  .I..ln.-I.,  Mf....„..|  s„M,|,  .„•  J ,,„,,,  „„V   v,,^;  ' 

•-l-'-rol  l-n.„-..,„n.lAi,.,|.nal.y,i.,AuMm,nlMk!' 

Tl'lMA.W  AM)  MK  A.» 

7.  Tl.-  (Jran.|  |l„.|,v  of  '|'u.,,,i.y  ami  L„,rn  in  thn  mont 

•  V  lair,  r'""."'^'  '""■  '■":'■'"' "" '" "  """-'<n.i.i.. .';. 


[ 


aoiu* 


TiiK  r.)i.K,x,Ar.  m  states  uv  tiii:  church. 

«   iur<-h,,K-n.|.,.-N  tho  (■.iiirc  ..riialv.     It  is  ,m|,,1  l,v.l>,.   ' 


wl  MMMirrivK  uv»wn.\rnt. 

II.  Bomo,  the  tn  uiitl  of  iIh'mi  (t«tr«,  HA*  in  iir»ph'»i  iim>'»  •!»  lnrifMt 
•Ulf  tn  lli«i  wtirlil,  ll  wm  .10  niili'«  In  rin  ntiili  n  rt'i',  «iiil  hml  n  |m,|mi 
klMN  of  Iwii  riiillNin  Inli'iMiitnl',  'IImhikIi  nnw  (iimlt  )l<  inynl,  anct  i, 
|»Ml  ^rl  ol'  II  til  riiiiM,  11 1*  tiiU  IIm  m>m\  iiiivrcitiiiK  viiy  in  Dimt^v 


Tlw  Illy  fif  NkRIp 

19.  Il  ri>nliiini  n  (frn\l  iiiiiiiln'r  nl"  i'liiirrlir»,  aiiptrh  palnrni,  tnit 

chiirrlii'ii,  mill  till)  liiririat  in  ilu'  worlil,  win  1 1 1  yvnt*  In  liuildmy,  aiitt 
cunI  u  miiii  i'i|iiiil  til  Hill  iiiilliiiii  iliilliir*  itl  llitt  pri'Miit  iJ«y. 

1.1.  fii)|i.|{iiii  mill  rrrrurn  an,  ullir  iliii  niiiiliil,  lli«'  ni\t  imptirtanl 
InwiiN  I  till'  llml  in  null  ll  llir  iu  iniivirNlly.  hrriini  wim  iiiiru  lliu  uapi. 
lal  ofiiii  Mi(lt|i.iiiliiil  iliiitiy.  Uttvimiii,  in  llin  .Ith  nnlnry,  wiw  IIm 
irnHi.il  III"  ilii)  VViKirrn  lliiiiiiri'.  Aiu'i.im  iiml  Civilii  Virrlim  nro  tii« 
rhii'l"  M!a.|)iirtN.  Iiuri'iii  Iiun  lunn  Ik'cii  ii  (iliirn  iit'  urnit  ri'nort  for  pil. 
Kriiiii,  III  vinit  ilM  linly  Nliriiu',  hut  tliu  iiiiiiilHr  Iiuh  ul'litUi  dufrtSMii. 

14.  Haik  Maiiino.— Tills  liiilr  niiiililii',  ilio  iniiilliiit  in  Kiirii|K',  in 
•nilrr  (III)  |vfiili'i'lioti  iifllir  I'dik",  mill  liim  Imth  iiiilr|M'ii()i'nt  l.'tllOyiiirK 
It  iH-i:ti|ii''ii  a  truitt  III' ^J  ii<|iiaru  iiiiU'>i,  uil.i  7ti(IU  inlmliitniitii.  'I'lui 
capitul  i*  un  lliti  niilo  uf  a  iiiimntaiii,  nnil  linii  a  |Mi,,iitlation  ul  .ViUli. 


•-^ 


n  lii\ii 

IM'I     Nl 

lilli'ii  ^ 

■'I.  ': 

ol'thei 
Irorn  I 
un  by 


Vr 


Map  ATo,  30. — Wliut  iMiiiniU  r«iinliiirily  anil  Vrnii^n  on  llie  north 
Soiilli  r     EuMtl     Willi  f     Wlint  in  Ihr  iHi|mluliimiil' iIki  diitirtownii 
I'liini  nut  tliimo  •itiinti  ll  on  riviTN. 
finil(hl  '     lluw  U  I'arma  Ijniiiiilrtl  ? 


T 

|Hi|iiilutiiin  III  lliti  L'liitil'  townii  I 

VViii'ii  wiTi>  till'  iliiri'ri'ut  butlkm 


.Miiili  nn  '     l.wv.A  t    Wliiit  ii  Uia 
|Ki|iiiliilioii  of  tho  cilitiH  ill  lliimu  iiliili'H  ?     WIhtc  in  Sim  Marino? 

Mup  ffn.  Dl. — Wliiit  iM  till'  po|iiilaliiiii  uf  Hninc  '  l<<ilii{;nii  f  fer. 
rara  /  Florrnru  t  I.rijliiirii  I  ( in  wliiit  riviT  in  Hiimn  7  Flnrenco  ? 
VVIiiit  iHland  wmt  of  Tntii:iiny  ?  Ku.  —  ll  wii»  tin-  nmidonco  of  Najto- 
tvun  Uoimpurlc  (luring  part  of  iIik  yean  1H14  iiiid  iHl/i, 


Florence?  0.  PUa,  itc?  10.  Popedom  7  11.  [Jmo?  13.  What 
do«'»  it  contain  7  l.^.  Wti.il  in  H.iiil  of  lloloj^na,  Fvirara,  Ravenna, 
hi:.  I     14.  Di'Hcrilx)  i^an  Muriiiu. 


4.  Th 

hoar.    T 
liiresiH  o 

Xa/ilfi 
tut),  iScc, 


r. 

*!>••■,  mill  hml  n  |iiipii 
iiiitlt  tkfH  vrrf,  ami  • 
•iiMK  viijr  tn  KuraiNi. 


■iipcrh  palnrn*,  anrf 
lii«   luric'vt   <•!'   II" 
I'lira  III  liiiililiii|r,  and 
Milt  day, 

ili«  iirtt  imiMirUnl 
u  wiu  iiiirt)  till'  villi. 
ith  ci'iniiry,  wii«  IImj 
filK  Vi'fi'liiit  am  llifl 
irri'iil  ri'Mirt  liir  |m1> 
ul'lulu  diii'Maii'd. 
iilli»t  in  Kiiro|M',  in 
i'|M'li(li'llt  I'lllOyi'itrx. 
U  iiilmliitniitii.  'I'lia 
,iit|ation  ul  .ViUli. 

I'nJMi  on  (lie  north? 

Ill'  liln  L'llltll'  towiiN  t 

t\w  dillLrciit  Ititlllcii 
,iirii»  1    Wliiit  it  liie 
ix  Han  Marinti  7 
• '     liiilii(;im  f    J'Vr. 

Homn  7     FlDrt'iicc  f 
■  rcHidcnco  of  iNniio- 

Mr,. 

n  nic7     19,  What 
,  i'Virara,  Ravenna, 


RAruui.  •tof 

N.\ri.PM,  OR  TIIK  TWO  NlclfJBH 
1.  Till!   kiiiuiliiiii  t»r  Nnplr^   14  iliK   iiiimt  iiiti^iilcralilr  in 
fMly  Ilir  I'Xtiiit  nii)|   |i(i|iiilitMi,ii.      ||  .•.,|i»|,ri*..*  H,,.  H,,iit|,„,B 
lidil  of  llnly,  l|ii>  inlaiul  id"  Wu  ily,  iiml  ihu  Lijinri  l«.l«i«. 


',}* 


P 


't^jiiiSB^'^ 


'^.  All  pnrtii  of  iliN  l<i,i«.|..rn  havn  a  warm  clirnnto,  nnrt 
n  liix.iriaiil  ii..il.  'Vhr  ll«  nn.l  itli„oii,l  ir.r,  ihi'  .•..ll.m.pliiiit. 
••"'I  NUKiir.ran.',  iiij  (iuiirisl,;  yn  tlio  riiics  i.n.l  towrw  um 
l.lNil  with  ln'KKiirM,  uii,|  imthdhs  diNlituti.  of  ini|«l..yMM'iit. 

•'I.  Til.'  «ii|.iii.ni.HM  .,ri|„.  ^uviTiirTttiit,  nml  tlio  inil(>l<>ii<!« 
-)l  111.-  i".i|i|..,  |,rrv<iit  (i:^nciilhirc,  inuiuiliictur.'!i,  or  .•oiniiu'rc«<, 
Irorn  JK-ing  iliiiKiiulv  juirsucl.  'IV  lal(.<r  i»  rhi.-fly  carried 
on  by  (or.«iKn.TH.    '[  ho  P.xi.orti.  are  oil,  lilk,  winr>,  and  wmil. 


Uiiiil. 


hoar 


Porciiplnr. 
t  '^rUrl"'^!^"^  i"""''  ""'""'''  """"'  '"  ""'y  "«  tl'wolf  a,ul  wild 
•oreMHol  ilM»  km^-ilomi  anJ  tli.'  |K„cupi..o  u  met  will,  in  iho  ,„u,h 

•01).  &0.7     3,  (...v.rn.nt.nt7    i;»„„„orci-,  io.7     4.  Wild  ..nimabJ 


i 


SI 


970  DESCItirTIVE   OEOUnAI'IIV. 

urn  districtfi.  Birdu  in  |i,'rcal  Viiriety  inliiibit  nil  HUi.Joni  of  llio  pciiin 
kula  ;  uiid  iiiimuiiKU  lluckH  of  i|iiiiiln  |mKs  from  Sicily  to  Uio  inor« 
northern  regions  of  Europe,  durini;  the  Kjiriii},'  of  every  year. 

5.  Sicily  is  (lie  Iar),'est  and  niost  fertile  iKlniid  in  the  Meditciruncan 
■en.  In  aneicnt  times  it  wus  the  granary  of  Rome.  It  contains  Emu, 
the  must  noted  volcano  in  Europe,  ijniokc  and  tlames  issue  from  the 
•ununit  of  this  mountain,  though  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

G,  North  of  Sicily  arc  the  Lipari  Islands;  one  of  which,  Slroniboli, 
is  a  vdlcunic  mountain,  constantly  burning;  it  is  called  the  light-house 
(if  the  iMeditc-ranean.  Its  tlames  may  he  seen  at  night  100  niiles  dis. 
tnnt.     Lipari,  the  principal  island,  consists  entirely  of  pumice-stone 

7.  Naples,  the  capital  of  this  king''"m,  is  the  most  popuh  us  city  in 
Italy.  It  is  situated  on  a  bay  of  the  sanic  name,  near  the  base  of 
Mount  Vesuvius,  it  is  notc<l  .'"or  tlie  beauty  of  its  situation,  and  Is 
remarkable  for  the  number  of  its  nobles  and  luzzaroni,  or  vagabonds. 

8.  Taranto,  Dari,  Cava,  Foggio,  Lecce,  and  Salerno,  are  all  conside. 
table  towns  in  Naples.  Gacta  is  strongly  fortified,  and  is  regarded 
as  one  of  the  keys  of  tlic  kingdom.  Palermo,  tlic  chief  city  of  Sicilj, 
has  a  university,  and  some  coninirrec.  Catania,  Messina,  Marsala, 
'I'rapani,  and  Syracuse,  are  the  principal  towns.  The  two  first  have 
often  suftcrcd  from  carthiiuakes.     Marsala  is  noted  for  its  wine. 

9.  Malta  —Malta  is  a  celebrated  island  lying  in  the  Meditcrra. 
ijcan  sea,  south  of  Sicily.  It  is  noted  for  the  strength  of  its  fortilicu- 
tions.  This  island  formerly  belonged  to  tlie  knights  of  ii.  John,  a 
jwwerful  military  order ;  but  now  it  belongs  to  Great  Drituin.  Va- 
Ictta,  the  capital  and  port,  is  vefy  strongly  fortified,  and  has  an  ex 
celknt  harbour.    Gozzo,  north  of  Malta,  is  a  dependency  of  the  latter. 

10.  Ionian  Repuulic.  —  Tliis  republic  comprises  tlic 
islands  of  Corfu,  Cephalonia,  Zante,  St.  Maura,  Paxu,  Itlmca, 
and  Ccrigo,  which  lie  chiclly  on  the  west  coast  of  Greece.  It 
is  under  the  protection  of  Great  Britain,  whose  sovereign  ap- 
points  the  lord  high  commissioner,  or  liead  of  the  government. 

11.  The  inhabitonts  arc  chiefly  Greeks  and  Italians.  They  are  an 
enterprising  people,  and  carry  on  a  considerable  commerce  in  wine 
olive  oil,  and  currants.  Zantc  is  the  largest  town ;  out  Cor '  ,  on  the 
islund  of  the  same  name,  is  the  capital. 

Map  No.  21. — How  is  Naples  bounded?  What  strait  separates  it 
from  Turkey?  Oo. — What  gulf  in  the  south  ?  To-— What  moun- 
tains  extend  through  it?  As. — VVhat  Mt.  near  Naples?  Vs.— In 
Sicily?  Ea.— What  islands  north  of  Sicily?  Li. — What  capes  in 
Sicily?    What  strait  separates  Italy  and  Sicily.    What  is  the  popula- 

5.  What  is  said  of  Sicily  ?  Mount  Etna  ?  6.  The  Lipari  Islands  ' 
7.  Describe  Naples.  8.  Taranto,  &c.  Palermo,  and  the  other  towns. 
9.  Malta.  Valctta.  Gozzo.  10.  Describe  the  Ionian  republic.  11. 
Tlac  inhabitants.    Commerce,  dec.    Population. 


r 


1 


lior 
Sy, 
—\ 

!\ 
Wi, 
cm 


^■J^ 


I. 

worli 

civili 

centt 

protr 

2. 

oncie 

calle( 

visior 

3.  1 

intcrio 

clim.1t 

ton,  oi 

Grei 
&c.? 


N 


sCLtions  of  tho  pcnin 
I  Sicily  to  Uio  inura 
'  every  year. 

in  the  Mc'ditciruncan 
lie.  It  coiituiii!)  Etnu, 
llames  iHsuo  t'rom  tiiu 
uriitluttl  snow, 
of  which,  Slroiiiboli, 
called  the  light-house 
t  night  lOU  iiiilcH  dis. 
.'ly  of  puMiiee-Htonc. 

most  popuh  UH  city  in 
nio,  near  the  base  of 
f  its  situation,  and  1m 
aroni,  or  vaguboiids. 
•lerno,  arc  all  considc- 
ificd,  and  is  regarded 
le  chief  city  of  Sicily, 
ia,  McsHina,  Maruala, 
Tho  two  first  have 
ed  for  its  wine. 

ng  in  the  Meditcrra- 
•ciigth  of  its  fortilicu- 
iiiights  of  >3t.  John,  a 
;o  Great  Britain.  Va- 
liticd,  and  has  an  ex 
pendency  of  the  latter. 

)lic  comprises  tlic 
uiira,  Paxil,  Itlmca, 
;oast  of  Greece.  It 
^hose  sovereign  ap- 
of  the  government. 

talians.  They  are  an 
lie  commerce  in  wine 
kvn ;  out  Cor '  ,  on  tlie 

lat  strait  separates  it 
I  To-— What  moun. 
ar  Naples?  Vs. — lu 
Li. — What  capes  in 
,    What  is  the  populo- 

The  Lipari  Islands  ' 
>,  and  the  other  towns. 
Ionian  republic.    11. 


GREECE.  37] 

Svr«rL!!'?''Vi'  Palermo?  Mesnn.  7  Catania?  Taranto?  Bari  ? 
Syracuse  7  flow  long  and  wide  is  Sicily  7  What  island  south  7  Mu. 
—What  island  north  of  Malta?    Go,. 

Map  /Vo  22.-On  what  coast  do  tho  Ionian  i.lcs  lie?  Tv  Gr  _ 
U  h  eh  .s  the  largest  island  7  Cu.  _  Most  northern  ?  C.i.  1  South 
irn  7    Co.  -Wha.  m  the  population  of  the  islands  7    Chief  to  ins  7 


The  Greeks  destroying  a  Turkijii  man  of  war 

GREECE. 

1.  Gheece  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  coimtrics  in  th« 
word.  More  than  2000  years  ago,  it  exceiied  all  o?hpr,  1^ 
c.v.hzat.on  learning  and' the  atfs.'  ItTa  tr  Lai  fo  "r 
cenuncs  subject  to  Turkish  bondage;  but  has  lately  afior„ 
protracted  warfare,  become  independent.  ^'  * 

2.  The  modern  kkigdom  comprises  the  southern  nart  of 

aTd  th^/SdT'^vr/''  "T  '^'''"^^  -  the  a"  ,.■;  oi; 

caiiea  tne  Lyclade.«,  and  the  northern  Sporades     Its  olLr  Ai 
visions  are  Hellas,  tho  Mor^a,  and  the  ffrl  ^  '''" 

inte Jrt  rel:ifed''rhVu;Ud'mr"nr''''  "'T'fT  '^""■''-  -"  ^^-^ 
clim-ite  is  mil,)  •  nn^  .i.     '"F ,    ""^'  "'"'"s  and  ferti  e  ynilcvs.    Th» 


272 


Drsciunivn  isKouKAruv. 


^1 

I 


4.  Tlio  Orc'L'Us  arc  nii  aetivc  uiul  viRorciiH  racr;  of  pLoplc.  In  tlicir 
liito  contest  with  the  Turk^  llii'y  diHiiluyiil  a  vimu\m>  nut  iiii\v(irtli> 
their  Uf.uik:  uiicfslors.  Thi;  tin|iIo>'mniit  of  tircshipH  waH  vvilli  Ihciii 
u  lavoiirilu  iihhIo  of  warlUrt',  ity  which  tlioy  dcHtroycil  Home  of  the 
iarffCHt  'I'lirkish  vessels, 

5.  The  neojiln  nrcilestitiite  of  (•(luciition;  hut  tliey  arc  nnxioUH  litr 
iinprovctiiiiit,  and  eatfcr  to  rise  fmm  tlic  dejrradalioii  prothieed  hy  thei- 
;,i.,j<  pwlii.i,,!  servitude.  Coiisiih:ral)k' exertioiiii  are  luakinj;  to  intro 
(hico  Hchools.  and  to  thssciiilnate  iearninij,  (food  nioralM,  and  religion 
The  cstalilished  relifrion  is  that  of  the  (ireek  church. 

fi.  The  frovernineiit  chosen  for  this  i:ounlry  hy  llio  }rrcat  Kuropeau 
poui-'s,  is  a  inoiiarchy  very  nearly  absolute  :  tlic  Kulectcd  king  isOthe, 
aon  of  I.ouis  Charles  of  Havaria. 

7.  Athens,  the  capital  of  Modern  (Jricee,  was  one  of  the  most  cele- 
hratcd  cities  of  antiipiity,  and  tiie  hirlh-plaee  of  the  ijionI  reiiowut  ci 
orators,  phil(iso|ihers,  atid  nrli^!s  of  ancient  limes.  It  vvaH  nearly  all 
I'c  tl-.~.vid  ill  the  late  war,  hot  is  rcvivin^f.  Of  itB  ancient  remains,  the 
jonownid  .\eropolis,  the  pride  of  Athens  liO  centuries  ago,  still  cvists — 
uut  is  nmeli  dila[)idatcd. 

8.  Tripoliz/a,  Nispoli,  and  Navarino,  aro  amonff  the  chief  towns. 
The  last  is  celel)ratcd  lor  the  destruction  of  the  'J'urkish  naval  power 
oy  the  combined  fleets  of  England,  Friincc,  and  Russia,  Oct.  iJOth, 
1827  J — an  event  which  secured  tlie  indei>endence  of  Greece. 

9.  Missolonghi  and  Patrns,  important  Greek  tortrrsses  during  the 
ate  war,  arc  both  on  the  gulf  of  I'atras.  At  the  first  named.  Lord 
Byron  died,  wlule  promoting  the  cause  .>f  Grecian  liberty.  Livadia, 
Tliebes,  and  Lepanto,  arc  the  only  towns  of  any  note.  Corinth,  once 
a  magnificent  city,  is  now  a  small  village. 

10.  The  principal  Greek  islands  arc  Ncgropont,  Andros,  Naxia, 
Mile, 'i'ntiuia,  Xe:,  and  Syra.  The  latter  is  .,'i'j  most  flourisliing,  and 
:ho  commerce  of  Syra,  its  chief  town,  is  imirartant.  Hydra  and 
Spczzia  were,  during  the  late  war,  renowned  for  the  skill  and  courage 
of  tlicir  sailors :  their  ships  formed  the  chief  part  of  the  Greek  navy. 

Map  Nc.  22.— What  bounds  Greece  on  the  nortli  ?  Ty. — South  and 
west/  M.-Sa. —  East?  Ao. — What  peninsula  in  the  south ?  Ma.— 
What  isthmus  unites  it  to  the  main  land  ?  Ch. — Which  is  the  southcni 
cape  of  Greece?  Mn. — What  island  west  of  Greece  ?  In. — Groups 
cast  ?  N.  Ss.,  Cs.  — What  island  near  the  east  coast  ?  Nt.  — What 
gulfs  on  the  south  ?  East  ?  '  t  ?  What  gulfs  nearly  separate 
Hellas  and  the  Morea?     Point  ;he  cliief  mountains?     Rivers? 

Lake  ?    Tell  the  population  of  A    .is  ?    I'he  other  towns  I 


said  of  tlw  coaste  7  Interior  ?  Its  products  ?  4.  Describe  tlw 
Greeks,  &c.  5.  What  is  said  of  the  people  ?  6.  The  government  1 
7.  Athena  ?  8.  Tripolizza  ?  Navarino  ?  9.  Missolonghi,  &c  ?  Liva 
<iia,  and  the  other  towns  ?  10.  Name  the  principal  islands  What  . 
mid  of  Syra  ?  Hydra,  &c.  ? 


III 


h:i 

llM 

Si 
iis 
till 
an 


»f  t 

liOc 

a. 

ind 
T 


IV. 

r;  of  jitoplc.  Ill  tlioir 
()iirii({()  not  uiiworlhj 
.slii|i!*  waH  witli  lliciii 
CNtroycil  Hoiiii;  ol'  llu; 

tiloy  arc  nnxiuUH  lor 
lion  [irotUicc'd  liy  their 

arc  inakinj;  to  intro 

inorulH,  ami  religion 
ircli. 
y  llio  {frcat  Knropcaii 

Kclcctcd  king  in  (Jtlio, 

I  one  of  tlio  most  cole  • 
of  till!  MioNt  rrnowni  li 
I'H.  It  witH  nearly  all 
Ih  ancient  remains,  the 
.uricrt  ago,  still  cvists— 

nong  the  chief  towns. 

'J'lirkish  naval  power 
md  RuHHia,  Oct.  tJOth, 
ce  of  Greece. 

fnrtrcHHCB  during  the 
the  first  named.  Lord 
eian  liberty.  Livadia, 
y  note.    Corinth,  once 

npont,  Andros,  Naxia, 
J  most  flourithing,  and 
njiortant.  Hydra  and 
r  the  skill  and  courage 
irt  of  the  Greek  navy. 

)rth  ?  Ty— South  and 
I  in  the  south  ?  Ma.— 
—Which  is  the  southcni 
Greece  ?  In. — Groups 
Bt  coast?  Nl.— What 
gulfs  nearly  separate 
mountains?  Rivers? 
ather  towns  I 

its?     4.    Describe  tlje 

6.  The  government? 

issolonghi,  &c  ?     Liva 

cipal  islands     What  . 


TI  nUEV. 


273 


TUUKKV. 

1.  Ti'itKKv  or  Ilio  OltoiiKiii  ("Mi|iiiv,  com|)riscs  two  irronl 
(iivisioiis,  1  ii,^,.y  in  lMir(.|,o  i,n,!  'I'lirkry  in  Asia  It  w.s 
oner,  n  |,ou,,-liil  .slat,,;  |,„t  |,,,s  uiihin  '.hn  last  hun.iiul  ywiri, 
«r(atly  (helmed  ni  .stixii-lli  and  iniiiorlancc. 

ii.  Its  indnoncoand  tcn'it(.rvai-.Mniicli  diniiniilicil.     I'.a,- 

Laryisiio  i..nficr  triimtary  ;  Gr .;  has  l)r,..„Mr.  i,„lr,..nd.Mf ; 

win!.,'  Kppt,  as  wdj  as  ll„.  islands  of  Cvprus  and  ('andia, 
law;  lalLa,   nilo  tliu  Lands  of  .Maliunmt  Ali,  llw  i'aclia  uf 

;j.  'J"li  -(.vcnuncnt  is  dcs|K,lir.  Tl.c  Sultan,  or  Crand 
Miiiuor,  IS  c.msid.'ivd  as  rcii,niai-  hv  divine  coinniivsion ;  and 
lis  un.lniir  111  linriseirajl  (he  |,„wrrs',.ri|,e  slate.  H(,  is  sonio- 
tu.ies  luvlanrly  eaih.d  the  shadow  of  Gud,  bruther  to  the  sim 
and  moon,  and  refuge  of  tho  world, 

^J-  J'"'  '■"'"■!  '■'  '■""'^'^  '^'^  Ottoman  Porto,  or  Sublime  Porto. 
IJic  Uivan  IS  the  great  council  of  the  nation  j  it  is  composed 


Gfuiid  Vizier. 


Multi. 


974 


DESCnirTIVK   OEOGRAniY. 


dtrmpnt  will  roiino  llicm  to  nc'ivity.  TIjey  uro  tompcriitc  in  oanng 
and  ilriiikiiiK.  I'orU  un«l  winu  iiru  ;.rohil.il(il  by  tho  kdriin.  Cutl.o 
in  llio  principal  Ixviiragc ;  tlioujjli  urtlcnl  Bpiriu  uiiU  opium  aru  uiw 
'iM'd  to  Hiiiiii!  extent, 

6.  In  rcliKion  tliry  nro  strict  Miiliomcilnns.  They  call  IIkihu  v,/m 
do  not  iiclii  VI!  tlitir  freed  inlidelH,  iind  lormcrly  cHleemcd  it  luwliil  to 
rcduco  to  Kiibjeetion  nil  ul'o  rclijsed  to  be  eonverted  to  llieir  iliilh. 
SiMokinK  Ihe  pipe,  lounging  for  lionr.s  crosH-legged  upon  ii  eusliioii  oi 
gof'u,  and  bulliing,  are  the  prineljial  oeeuputions  of  tlie  better  eliiKH. 

7.  Imiiortnnt  cliangcs  were  utteiiipted  in  Turkey  by  the  lulo 
Fullan  :  be  organized  bis  army  and  navy  after  tlioso  of  tliu  citlicr 
European  natioiiM,  and  endeavoured  to  introduce  tlicir  arts  and  Heiences 
into  biH  empire ;  but  such  is  the  indiflerenco  of  tho  TurkH  to  improvu. 
mcntH  of  any  kind,  that  but  little  real  thnnge  has  taken  place. 

8.  The  Turku,  or,  aH  they  call  thcmBelves,  OHmanlig,  are  the  ruling 
people ;  but  they  constitute  Ichh  than  one-hnlf  the  population.  Tim 
renmiiidcr  consiHtH  of  (JreckM,  AlbaniaiiH,  AnneniauH,  Turcomans, 
Arabs,  Kurds,  Jews,  and  Gypsies.  Tliere  is  no  iiereditary  nubility  in 
Turkey  ;  the  only  difl'ercne'e  of  rank  being  that  of  otUco. 


18-1 


i 


CuiJi<uiitiiiu|ile. 

TURKEY  IN  EUROPE. 
1.  TuKKEY  IN  Europe  is  tho  smallest  of  tho  two  jri-oiU 
divisions  cf  tho  Ottoman  Empire.    Its  surface  is  mountainous 
and,  throughout  most  of  its  extent,  interspersed  witli  beautiful 
and  fertile  val'evs. 


the  court  called  7    5.  Describe  the  Turks.    Of  eating,  &,c.  ?     6.  Of 
religion  ?•   Principal  occupations  ?    7.  Important  changes  ?  Army  an 
navy  ?    8.  Of  the  Turks,  and  the  other  inhabitants  7    Of  nobility,  &t. 
Turl-ty  in  Europe.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  Turkey  in  Europe?    8.  \Vh« 


%itmmmjnmm<'«^~ 


toiiipcrttto  in  oanng 
y  thu  Koran.  C'olkti 
uiiU  tJiiiuin  uru  ui«u 

riioy  call  tlioHU  v:ho 
HlL'i'invd  it  linvliil  tij 
vcrtfd  to  llivir  lliilh. 

V(l  ll|H)ll  II  riisliinii  cji 
if  the  better  tlus». 
Turkey  by  llio  Into 
■r  tlioso  (if  tliu  citliir 
heir  artH  uiul  Kcienuua 
ho  TurkH  to  iiiiprovu- 
a  taken  pliice, 

nanlig,  are  the  rillin;; 
the  |iopuhitii>n,  Tiiu 
iiieniniis,  Tiireornuiis, 
iiereditary  nubility  in 
[)i'  otUco. 


Wk^^^yff"'^-: 


it  of  the  two  pi-oiU 
ice  is  mountainous 
3rscd  with  beautiful 


'eating,  &c.?    6.  Of 
,  changes  7  Army  ait 
ts?    Of  nobility," &t. 
in  Eiiropo?    8.  \Vh« 


Tl'HKKV   IN    KmoPE. 


275 


-.  >n  soil  iind  cliniati!  it  is  lii^rhly  liu-ourcd;  nnd  under  a 
I!"  i.ii  ji'ivcnimcnt  wnuld  (loul''li-ss  iK^cumi^  one  nf  tli     most 
liourisliiii;,'  counti-i.'s  of  Muniiu'.     Tlio  pioducts  aro    ndiuii 
corn,  \.|iv  at,  rico,  cotton,  silk,  wine,  oil,  lr.Mts,  ^Vf. 

•K  'i'ho  operations  of  auriculfuro  and  mijnuliictinvs  aio  but 

li'-hucntly  conducted.     'J'lic  cniiiinve  is  ciiicliy  (inicd  on 

li/  IdiTjuiHTs,  and  is  mostly  coiiliniMl  to  tiu;  poit'ol"  (.'unstan- 

ini'i.io.     The  inland  inidi!  is  considorablc;  it  is  in  tiio  liandj 

o!  drccks,  .lews,  Armenians,  •Sir. 

■I.  'J'he  lmr»eH  iinil  cuttle  are  Kcnrnilly  liirr;o  nnd  fine:  ihe  fiirmer 
are   roai  the  .\ralm.n  Ht„.k.     The  Walhuhiaii  Klie,|.  are  r,  pnarkabl., 

I"l-  Ihe  Mntr„l;..,ty  of  their  horns  and  w :  ll,,,  |;,tl,;r   i^   |„n.r  and 

slraiirht,  h.it  rather  eoarse.  'J'l„.  birds,  partieulailv  Ihe  waln-.f.wl,  are 
liuin  rolls,  and  ot  various  kinds,  aiiiuiijj  wliieh  the  nelieun  and  Ikiiiinco 
lire  coiisineuouH.  *" 


IVIican. 


VVallaebinn  Hlievp 


5   Iho  provinces  of  Wallachm,  Moldavia,  and  Scrvia,  arc  rrovcrncn 

••  their  oun  pnnecs,  and  arc  in  all  respects  indcperuiei  t"  exeZ  tH 

th.y  pay  an  annual  lixcd  tribute  to  the  Porte.  'tIic  p^plo  of  th  s, 

C.  Constantinople  is  the  capital  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  and  the 
Umd  city  III  Europe  in  population.  Its  situation  is  bea  i  d  and  - 
ha. hour  commodious.    It  presents  a  fine  appearance  at  a  d i.  nice  b  l 

So^:n;:lo:"iiS=:z^tc^S"^"™-  "-'^'  ---^'' 

uor.ship,  are  numerous,  and  some  of  tl^em  aJsilS  "^iji^nit^^m 
^c;    5.  What  is  said  .f  Walla^hiall^r'',^  ^:^:iZ£:;i> 


tliriMMW%.C 


276 


DGflCKiprivc  oBoanAPiiv. 


niooquo  or  Rt,  Soplmi,  oniio  a  I'liriHtimi  church,  i»  ac'jo  ttit«d  thi'  f  OMt 
in  tlic  world.  Tlie  iiio(i(iuu>*  of  Siiltun  Achiiiot,  iiii^  of  Siilt'vumn,  tre 
larKO  mill  MplcniliO,  L)ut  arc  not  luurkod  by  tliu  Raniu  vUnmii;  tiuita 
ConFtiiMliniiplu  ililVcrg  from  tvcry  other  uupitul  in  Ea.ope,  hy  liuving 
im  iiaincR  tu  itH  HtructH,  nu  Iuiiijih,  utid  no  pomt-uH'iuc. 

8.  Adriaiiopin  h  tlio  Hccoiid  city  in  Eiiroiicun  Turkey.  It  wqh  long 
tho  rcnidc'ia'o  of  tlic  SiiUiuir  itiicharcai,  tito  capitui  ul'  Wuilaciiiii,  'i» 
a.  Inrgu  dirty  city,  huill  in  a  HWiiinp :  tlic  utrccls,  inmti'ad  of  ticinjf  paved 
in  tho  usual  way,  aro  covered  with  plunk*,  Ik'l(jrado,  Widin,  Silintria, 
uid  Shinnia,  arc  HtrongJy  fortified  luwnN.  Scrujevo,  Huluniua,  Sophia, 
diid  Juiiniiijia,  are  all  plueuH  of  lomo  note, 

Map  No.  18.— What  bounds  Turkey  on  tho  north?  Aa.  —  South? 
Go.,  Ao.,  S.-Mii.  —  Kast ?  H.-Sii.— WcHt ?  G..Vc.  — Which  ii  tha 
chief  river  ?  Uc.  —  IIcw  long  is  it  7  Into  what  sea  does  it  ilow  .'  Dk, 
—  Point  out  tho  principal  mountains,  lln. —  How  loni^r  aro  tliPAr? 
What  strait  between  the  Archipelago  and  the  sea  of  Marmora  ?  Us. 
-What  channel  leads  into  the  Uluck  sea?  Cc. — What  is  the  populii- 
lion  of  C'oimtttiilinDpIo?  Adrianoplc  7  liucharest?  Serajcvo  ?  Halonica  / 
Sophia?  Jonnnina?  Ibraila?  Shimila?  Seres?  On  what  strait  is 
(Jonstantinoplu  ?    Uii  what  rivers  arc  tho  largest  of  tlio  otliur  cities  ? 


ia'>. 


ASIA. 

1.  Asia  is  the  largest  nnd  most  populous  of  the  great  divi- 
slons  of  tho  glolK!,  It  was  the  seat  of  some  of  tho  mcst 
powerful  empires  of  ancient  times,  and  the  theatro  of  many 
of  tho  most  interesting  events  recorded  in  history. 

2.  It  was  hero  our  first  parents  were  created,  and  from 
hence  the  descendants  of  Noah  peopled  tho  world  after  tlio 
flood.  It  was  also  the  birth-place  of  our  Saviour,  the  scene 
of  his  miracles  nnd  death,  and  the  field  on  which  the  apostles 
first  published  salvation  to  mai). 

3.  Stretching  through  almost  80  degrees  of  l/'titude,  Asin 
presents  every  variety  of  soil  and  climate.  Its  largo  rivers 
are  inferior  only  to  the  great  streams  of  the  Western  Conti- 
nent ;  its  mountain  chains  are  among  tho  most  extensive  in 
the  world,  and  attain  to  a  greater  height  than  those  of  any 
othei  region. 


noplo.    7,  What  is  aaid  of  fires  7    8.  Describe  Adrianoplo.    Buchv 
rest.  Ice. 

Asia.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  Asia?     Of  what   has  it   been   the  sent? 
3.  What  is  said  of  our  first  parenth  ?    Our  Saviour  ?     3.  Of  the  nuil 


HHanaH 


fggH^ 


«(W.DIt«d  thi'  (OM 
MMm    oUhmII!    tlliHtC. 

Evope,  by  Iwviiig 

e. 

iirkcy.     It  WON  long 

tai  uf  Wailacliiii,  i» 

Hti'ai!  nt'  lH.'iii)r  paved 

irle,  Widiii,  SiliHtria, 

'o,  Huluiiica,  iSoiiliiu, 

rth?  Aa— South? 
/c  — Wliich  in  tha 
a  clocH  it  How  .'  Ok. 
low  loiifj  010  thry  J 
of  Mnniinra  ?  Un. 
AVIiiit  is  tlic  |io|MiIii- 
StTiijcvo  ?  Hiiloiiicii  'I 
?  On  whnt  struit  U 
if  tlio  otliur  citk'8  ? 


of  the  great  divi- 
omo  oC  the  most 

tlieatro  of  mauy 
istory. 

ireatcd,  and  from 
10  world  after  llie 
aviour,  the  scene 
which  the  apostles 

I  of  l/>titiide,  Asin 
Its  largo  rivers 
10  Western  Conti- 
most  extensive  in 
than  those  of  any 


\drianopIo.    Biicha. 

I  it   hvfn   the  sent? 
iuf?    3.  Of  the  *oil 


AHA. 


Alia. 


trrotiurl,''"  U  '^'■"""SuiHhed  for  the  variety  and  value  of  its 

w  1(1  some  of  the  finest  spieea  and  perfumes,  and  also  with 
silk,  dmmonds,  and  precious  stones  of  various  kmds 

.).  The  mstilulions,  manners  and  customs  of  the  poonio 
a  0  the  same  at  the  present  as  in  the  earliest  times :  DZ 
advnneo  appears  to  havo  been  made  for  a  long  pS  n  arS^ 
sciences,  or  learninfr,  ° '  '"  "™' 

7.  The  governments  of  Asia  are  eenerallv  do«nn)io   n  „i  .i   •       ■ 


•  no  women  ?     7.  What  in  mM  „f  »i,„  -  i^isposiuon,  &c.  7    Of 


'•--"■«»«siK*:;:,a«M»l«aiaiWgiWi^!W«?^^ 


•i78 


DimcniPTivE  aEOonAPiiY. 


0   A  luoritlvo  oommfirco  han  kun  rarrkd  on  In  tM»  quarter  (Vom 

(...rtnnl  «.  ll.at  l.y  ......  i«  y.t  vrrv  r„u«.dc,«l>  •         '      '^  ^"^^ 

LrtirnlHrly  tl.«l  with  Cl.iim  and  Indi.,  li  .1. nlly  ii    ll.o  Imnd.  ol  llio 
hiirliNli  and  American.,  and  i«  "Xlcn-ivi>  and  valimUo. 

10.  H..M.0  ..flho  numt  rnnarkal.lo  animal.  "^  ^r'-^  *"  ^'if/'T'*"'' 
onchorntd  Uhinocr  ..Tigor,  l.o,.ard.  am  Mu.k  t>^  .'"•;';«  '•^'7„' 
Camel  A»H  SluPD.  and  (Joftt,  aru  »ui>|>o.cd  to  liavo  had  tlioir  oriKin  m 
InT.  mmrl'r  ami  will-  the  P.ncock.  common  Fowl,  and  Fhca.an  ,  have 
i'.prc«d  I  'mo  over  other  i.a;u  of  tl.o  world.  OiganUo  Cran... 
!r,:irr.Tman?and  the  CaJvary,  7">'»^''' »>'°  t'"'''i:,''''  "" 
iniinito  nuinbor  of  bird,  of  briUiaui  and  varied  plumage,  alHjund. 


Muak  Deer. 


TIgor. 


•  1    CrocodllM,  diflTorent  however  (Vom  thoio  of  Africa,  aro  fo  jnd  in 
.11  Uio  larpo  ,ive«  of  the  .outh;  and  .er,.ent«  c.^'-t, "'  «'"f  Jn^^^y; 
from  the  ir.guntio  Python  ond  Anaconda,  mcaHunng  (rem  U  to  20  (ec 
,  cngth.  to  a  .pccic.  of  only  an  inch  and  a  half  long.  wl.o«>  venon. 
c«v.HC.  the  pcrion  bitten  by  it  to  fall  into  a  deadly  .loop. 

12  ABia  comprine.  a  greater  variety  of  different  races  of  men  than 
any  other  qua  tl!r  of  thc^vorld.  Tho'ehicf  part  of  the  i"hab.tajU»  are 
vljm,  who«o  mode,  of  wor.hlp  cmbraeo  vanou.  '"'""•  ";:'^£'y; 
Brahmins,  BuddhiHtn.  wor.hippcrB  of  the  Grand  Lama,  of  Con"'*-'""; 
and  o7  «p irit.  or  genii,  arc  tl.o  mo.t  prevalent:  tl.oy  nu.nber  probab  y 
360  million*;  Miihomcdans,  bO  miUionti  Chri.t.an.,  Jews.  &e..  10 
millions.    Total.  450  millions.  ' 

13.  Though  nearly  tho  whole  of  this  vast  mult.tudo  is  .'"volvcd  n 
heathen  darLe-s,  yet  the  exertion,  of  ChriHtian  m.ss.onancs.  and  the 
distribution  of  tho  Scriptures  in  various  Asiatic  languagcH.  w.ll  .~ 
dmibt  in  tTn.e  enlighten  the  nations,  and  lead  to  tho  spiritual  rcdem|v 
tioi.  of  thii  groat  continent. 

Describe  tho  animals.  Birds.  1 1.  Crocodile.  &o.  12-WhBtdoea 
A^a  cmnpriw?  What  is  said  of  tl«.  mhabitanis?  How  many 
idXter.  ire^hero?  Mahomedans,  &e.  ?  13.  What  U  .aid  of  th« 
nuMionaries,  &o 


till*  quarter  (Vom 
I,  thoiiffli  not  wi  im- 
Tli(t  hirvlKn  trado, 
II  tlio  hiinila  uf  tlui 
ililo. 

la  arc  tJio  F.li'iih.int, 
Dtp'.  'ri>«  llornc, 
Imil  their  ori|{iii  in 
and  Pliuiiiant,  Imvu 
.  UlKiintio  t;ram'», 
ho  Uittrii^h,  with  un 
iiimgo,  abound. 


^«<^^ 


iur. 

'  Aftictti  nro  Co  jnd  in 
(iHt  in  gruat  variety, 
ngCrcm  la  to  20  feel 
If  long,  wlioBO  vononi 
f  Bleep. 

nt  races  of  men  than 
of  the  inhabitants  arc 
us  forms  of  idolatry. 
Lonw,  of  ConftieiuH, 
iioy  number  probably 
stioni,  Jews,  &.O.,  10 

Ititudo  is  involved  in 
missionaries,  and  the 
ic  languages,  will  no 
tho  spiritual  rcdcmp- 


&c.    12.  What  doca 

litanis?     How   many 

What  is  iiaid  of  t)» 


Which  is  the  largont  city 


Rlrmah  . , . ,  Hounded  T— C'npltal  T 

Niam Iloiindid  ?— <'B|,itui  ' 

Anani Ilnundid  ?— <'.ii|»iti»|  1 

<hina finunded  /—Cupital  ? 

Chinoso  Km.  Hounded  ?— C'apilal  f 

ThilKJt Hounded  7— <'apilal7 

t'oren Hounded  7— f  lapilal  t 

Japan Hounded  7— Capiul  7 

Kamtuchatka  7     ()eliot«k7     Jc«»o7 
<;iiina  S.  7    Arabian  M.  7    Red  N.  t 


A««A.  279 

. 1S() 

Map  No.  93.— Ilow  is  Asia  boundvd  7 
and  river  7 

•♦ilKiria Bounded  7— Capital  ? 

'I'urtary  ....  Hounded  7— Cuplinl  7 
Turkoy  ....  Hounded  7~Ciipital  / 

Aiabia Hounded  >'— (^upitul  7 

Hersla Hounded  7— (Japitaj  7 

Alglianistan  Hounded  7— <;apital  7 
R  liM)ehlNtnn  Hounded  7— Capital  7 
llindoostan    Hounded  7 — Capital  t 

Where  is  tho  sea  of  Kara  7 
Fipan 7    Yellow  Sea 7    h'uHiirn  H.  1 
Dead  8. 7    Moditurranoan  8. 7    HIaek  H.  7   Caspian  M.'l    Sea  of  Aral  7 

Where  Is  tho  Gulf  of  Olm  7  (;.  „f  tho  Lena  7  «.  „f  Anadir  7  Ton. 
mm  7  8iam7  Martalmn  7  M«nnr7  Ca.nlmy  7  Cute h  7  d  n  us  7 
Persian  Oulf  7     Bay  of  Uengal  7    Culf  of  Oman  7 

Where  is  Hhermg's  Strait?  Strait  of  MaUnmy  7  Corea?  Kormo. 
sa  7    Malneca  1     Bubelmaiidel  7 

rZ!TTi   V"''°w  "."  Vost.K:Imoi  7    C.  Chalag^koi  7     Ea,t  Capo  7 

iSaSaTr'aVsoiieS"'''''"'"'    ''■  "'"""""^  '    C.  Comoriu  7  ""c. 

Where    i,    the   Obi    River?     The    Yenisei?     Lena?     A  moor  7 

r^  7  n^''"'^-""'-'''""'^.'.  tWubodia?  Meinam?  R.lwTn 
V    .V .  ,  ''"'■'■?"'l'»«t«r  or  «rahnn.mK,tra  ?     Canges  7    Godavery 

SS    clg'rr*'?"'*'    ^"'"""'""^    ^""^    Volga 7*  Ural?    Am!^? 
Whore  are  thclslands  of  Nova  Zembia?    Kotelnoi  L7    Now  Si 

mantar  r^"s^-K  r^''?""?'"  '"•'  Aleutian  Is!?  'kuS  Is'/ 
I,J.nh^  I  /  ^?"*f»"''"="\/«'<'"'T  Ninhon?  Sikoko?  Kiu.i.7 
Loochoo  Ihi.7  iormoso?  Hainan  7  PuloPinangL?  Andaman 
Is.7N.cobar  Is.?  Ceylon?    Larcadive  Is,?    Muldfve  is. 7    CyZ" 

Where  is  Huleash  Lu'--'  Zaizan  Nor?  Altyn  L.?  Baikal? 
Poyang  L.  7    Toutmg  L.       Koko  Nor  ?    L.  Zurrai;  7   OoroonTah  L  ? 

Where  are   tho  Ural   Mc     tains?    Little  Altai?     Groat    Altni  t 
Taurus  Mis.?     Mt.  Sinai  7     Rumloah?     Mt    A  arat 7    C™, 
tlbo.^  7  ILndoo  Koosh  ?  Ghaut  7     Beloor  7    Thsoung  ling  7    '!"£ 
clian?    Kuon-lun?    Paling?    Moling?  * 

Where  is  tho  Peninsula  of  Kanitschatka ?  Corea?  Malacca? 
I Imdoostan?  Arabia?  What  two  soa.  form  thrwo/torn  parHf 
lurkey  mtoa^ninsula?  What  sea.  and  gulf  form  Arabia  inL. 
I^nmsula  7    Where  is  Uie  isthmus  of  8ue«  7  ^  Of  KrlTw  7 

Or7JrZ'"yD:J!:r''''^'''    °'^'""'"    «-tSaltDc«.rt? 


'itm 


utucuirrivH  (jMMiitAi'iiv. 


AHIATIC  miSSIA. 

1.  AiMTiR  IliTMU  in  nn  imm«>ni!o  rr'^ion  »trctchinn  fnun 
Ihn  UriU  Mountuiii*  in  tlio  I'ucilk  (k-ciin.  It  ronipriM^ 
tiibcrin,  llio  coimirifi  nituuled  U'Uv<>«"i»  lh«  Ural  uiid  the 
Volga  rivt-rx,  un.l  lh«  Cunpian  tind  lUftpk  teas ;  iho  lunl  of 
whicli  in  caflcd  Cuuconiiiu  llusdia. 

BIDKItlA. 

2.  Riiir.niA  contttinn  nearly  a  third  pnrt  of  A»in,  and  ia 
mosily  0  rold,  drifiry  rru.\m,  occupied  hy  cxU-iwivo  plninn 
cnlinl  flipiHt.  yoino  of  its  •oulliurn  districts  arc,  however, 
rich  unil  Icrtilc. 

3.  SilH-riii  HcrvcB  nn  n  plnrn  of  hnniNhtmrnt  forconvictunnd 
priijonciM  of  Mtiilo.  Hoiiii!  of  Iho  Inttcr  huvo  U'l-n  men  of 
BUfK-rior  inKntH,  and  havo  l)ocn  liauinhcd  only  for  their  vivtuen 
and  adhi'ii  iici)  to  liberal  principU's.  ' 

4.  Tho  Urul  «n(l  AlUy  Mountaiiw  rontuin  niimcrou*  mined,  which 
liriiiih  (tolil,  nilvcr,  plalirm,  nml  diU'crrul  kiiiili  of  prccioiu  »t(ineii. 
Fur.Mrintf  nnimiiU  nbouiid  in  Hil«  riii,  llio  sltiiw  of  wlii.li  form  oim 
of  the  chief  arlicliii  of  iU  trade.  Tlio  orii{i(iiil  inhubiluiiti  nro  cum 
l>.»cd  of  various  burharouii  trilKm,  who  livo  l>y  limiting  and  fiihiiig. 

a.  ToIkiUIc,  tho  capital  ofSiLorio,  in  on  the  rivrr  Irlynh,  at  it*  June 
lion  with  tlio  Tobol.  All  the  commvrco  «f  tho  country  pu»«c«  through 
Ihii  city,  nntl  largo  carnvim*  of  mcrcliuntii  triido  Ixitwion  it  ond  Kho- 
kan  In  Tiirlary.  Irkoutnk,  TomHk,  Yiikout»k,  and  ()cliot»k,  aro  th« 
next  ImiKirtant  townn.  Kiachta  ia  Uio  only  place  at  which  tlw  trade 
with  China  \»  |iorinlttcd. 

6.  Tho  country  lying  between  the  Volya  ind  Ural  rl»ere  contalm 
tlie  citicn  of  ABtracliun  and  Orcnburff :  ino  former  derived  iU  chief 
wealth  IVom  its  nturgoon  fiHl\orici  j  it  lina  aUo  an  extensive  tnido  with 
the  interior  of  RuBsin.  Orenburg  earriea  on  a  great  trade  by  cara»ttin 
witli  Khokttii,  Bucharia,  Kliiva,  and  other  Tartar  cilioi. 

CAUCASIAN  RUSSIA. 
7.  Tiiw  country  lies  between  tho  Black  and  Caspian  scjis, 
and  on  both  sides  of  tho  Caucasus  Mountains.     It  is  a  rough 
•nd  rugged  rtgion,  but  contains  many  fertile  districts,  peopled 

AtiaUe  ttu$$ia.  Q.—l.  Whit*  is  Asiatic  RudRia  7  ii.  Deacribe  Bt. 
leria.  3.  Wliat  ii  taid  of  convict*,  (fee.  ?  4.  What  is  said  of  the  Ural 
Bd  Altay  mountamsT  6.  Describe  Tobolsk,  &x.  6.  Astrachon,  &o 
'    Caucasian  Rusaia.     Oesoribo  the  country.     8.  The  Circassian* 


hy  VI 
Mod  [ 

8.  1 
douthc 
war  w 
hut  hit 

9.  'I 
Women 
were  ft 
thnm  t 
rJiusod 
Imrbarc 

10.  1 
ntrnnir  i 
nnd  Kii 

Map 
A..Md.- 
Oo.,Ye 
cm  cajn 
limit  b 
Wlint  la 
(icninsu 
Hiliof  ia  'i 
Toliolsli 
rivers  at 


AatATIC   BIMU. 


^  •trctchin((  fntm 
II,  It  cniiipriM^A 
ho  Ural  uDil  th»- 
w.-as;  thu  lunt  of 


't  of  ANin,  and  ia 
r  fixloiisivo  plninn 
iclH  uro,  however, 

nt  forconvictsnnd 
(ivo  lH'i;n  mm  of 
ly  for  tlwir  viituea 

norout  mincR,  which 
«  «t'  iirrciditii  ■tiinuii. 
I  of  wliii'li  form  fine 
inhubiluiiti  nro  cum 
iiting  aiul  I'lihing. 
IT  irlyah,  »t  it*  Juno. 
iiiiilry  \>iiii»c»  through 
iHitwccn  it  and  Kho- 
kiid  ()cliut8l(,  aro  tb« 
B  at  which  tlio  trad* 

Ural  rlvera  contalm 
nor  dcrivui  ilii  chief 
>  cxtniiiive  triido  with 
rcat  trado  'oy  caravani 
r  cilioi. 


c  and  Caspian  sctin, 
tins.  It  \»  a  rough 
ilc  districts,  peopled 

Rla7    ij.  Deacribo  Bu 

'hat  ifl  Rcid  of  the  Ural 

X.    6.  Aitrachan,  Slo 

8.  The  CircassiaM 


ClrM«,|,„,  io„|,|„,  A.wn  ftom  ih«ir  mounlilni  iip..n  .  R„^i„„  ,  „„,, 

iTh'ir:;^' "'" ""  """"*  *'""^  ""«"«'^ '"  ^' 

.n,?fJm  ..^''Tr,''"*  '"'"'?"  "'•  ""'"•em.  and  thn  r,e„,»i.„,  thr 
MVuhorllrin^o^r  li;''"  ""^  ''""'  """="""-•'  "•  -"»-  "'omi 

.ier^r"Xirh.:Jf;:s'c4ui;:';r'S^^ 

sSoSt^ivr"*'^  ^'"-"  ^••' "'-  ^'»-"— ^^^^^^^^^    'z 
-tri:sft  Ltti^^&e'^/s  '^£i:vts?'  ijj- 

«nd  K.shar  aro  town,  of  .onio  iniiwrtanco.  «'""■'"»'•    ""rbcnt 

A-Sf-Eart  rs^il'  •-""■''""8'^*;^^"  «»•«  "orth  7  A..On.-8o«th  T 
O^.    Yp  ''"t '  8-Ka.-Whnt  gnat  r.veri  flow  into  the  Arctic  Ocean? 


I>wcrlbe  Um  men.    Tlit  womto, 


10.  Tofli*    DMbwtf.    Kialior. 


lii 


IM  iiiatmrnvK  nnoaKArilY. 

WhU  riv»«  (low  InU.  llv«  r,.pi«n  ««« t     V«.,  |f|„  Kr.  —  */"••*< 
•n  the  iwo  hr.U      \VlM.t   ,Mu.  ..iHir.l-  <•'""'•,.•% "^'," 

to  Um  |H)pul«iio.i  or  OwiiUuf  g  '    A.trMh»nr    l)«rb«iilf     l««Uf 

TUUKl'.Y  IN  ASIA. 

1  TcHKKV  IK  A»i*  ixU'ihIh ov.t sotw of  tho niwDt  n'KK'n* 
of  limt  oonliiH-nt.  It  «-oiimm.'a  in  luxi.nt  linM-H  ii  niimlxi  -i 
iH.t.ul...m,  n.)UfiHhii.«.  nii'l  irnp'Ttant  nUiUm;  Imt  .«n<.run.r. 
Imn..rHiili<.n.  mul  iMirlKirixin.  now  .•..v.«r  iho  Iftnd;  mid  l«^w 
Uaoii  of  iu  forriMT  civiliwKmn  rt'inum,  v\ct'\)l  rimw. 

9  Thfl  Ul»nd«  of  llm  Aril.i|»rli»(fo,  once  cdebrnUil  for  tli''lr  wf.llh 
•n.l  |.r.«iiHrlly,  .re  now  rr.lur.'.l  lo  «  irioro  <o..i|ilcto  .-Ul"  ol  l-H»'i«'» 

U.a  of  th«  Tutlii,  »ru  IUhvIi!.,  Hn.i.o.,  H.  lo,  mi.l  Mct«lin. 

3.  Bmyrnu.  on  a  «ulf  of  lli«  .anio  mme,  i«  iho  rlu-f  •••ni''"'»"»  V* 
Aiiitio  Turkoy.  I'lirml.,  ru^i.  for  i>o|Hr,  ..piiim,  lla.,  Ac,  «re  ii« 
AUf  Mp.,ru  AUmt  !i.)t>0  Ku?o,,rM«.  princl,H»lly  Krtncl..  f«.Ml«  here. 
mti  form  a  wdlcty  among  llicmMlvcu. 

4.  Trobl-ondc,  on  tl...  BUcli  «;tt,  i«  now  the  chl^f  emporium  In  lh«i 

?um'.nd  l).«rlH,kir,!ii  tho  inU'rior.  lUu'M,  on  ll.«  T.Rr,.,  and  H  v 
^ni^Iln  .h«  KuphraU*,  .iro  «!1  i„.,.orl«nl  ul..-.  On  I.e  w.»t  bank 
of  U.0  K.iphr«i...  arc  ll-o  vn.t.  but  .ba|K:UM,  r.una of  »J«l'y I"". '''"  "'•'"' 
.ul«ndid  city  of  andrnt  lim«.|  h^hm.  wuIU,  toweia,  and  gate,  wtr« 
Mtc<m«d  one  of  tho  wondcra  of  tho  world. 

8YRIA. 
B   Syria  Um  Iohr  forttK'd  ono  of  tho  cliirfdivisionn  of  tlwt 
Turkish  omniro,     U  wkh  (•..luiucr.d  iti  tho  yi'ar  l^:«^\  l>y  Hi^' 

Pachn  of  1'4'ypt;  hut  in  1^40,  w-vcral  <>f  tho  groat  huro|)oan 

|K)w«T9  aHHistid  tlio  Turku  to  rcfoiuiucr  it. 

6.  No  country  wn-  an.l.'..lly  moro  celebrated  than  Syria.  In  Ijw 
■nuth  waa  tho  country  of  tho  I.rachtca.  and  tho  b.rtlj.plMO  of  llwi 
Chriatian  rfliljion.  Tyro  and  Sidon  wo.e  rinmvmd  lor  Ihnr  con., 
mcrce ;  and  DumaHcua  .und  Aniiorh  tor  their  wealth  and  |mp..latiorL 
Bulbec  and  I'almyra,  onco  apUndid  citicd,  aru  now  m  ruina. 

7.  Dama«eu^  ll.n  capital  of  Syria,  ia  ono  of  the  oldoat  placea  in  tho 
world  !  and  ia  known  to  h^tvo  cxi.tcd  in  tho  duya  of  Abraham.  It  ii 
Uio  moat  flouriahing  city  m  Hyriu,  and  carrica  on  an  cxtcii-ivo  tra.ic. 
Aleppo  waa  tho  fincat  .Ity  in  Syria.  In  IH'JS,  it  wo.  nearly  all  <ic 
atroycd  by  on  oarthn.iakc ;  but  ia  now  alowly  rcviv.nK.  1  r.poli  ai.J 
Ifeyrout,  on  tho  Mcditcrramsan,  aro  placea  iK>i.aua«ing  aomo  trade. 

Turktv  Ae.  Q.— I-  Deacribo  Turkey  in  Aula.     9.  Tho  iaianda  of 
the  Archi>Kl..go.     3-  Smyrna.     4.  Trcbinonde.  &.Q.     6.  What  di> 


I 


r. 

[H,  Kr.-!f-.w  loni 
NIMt*  •nil  •••'■.rgi.i  ' 
h1  'ly  ,  l'«-VVlwi 
•crtjeiit  I    Tvllta ' 


)flhofiwnt  roj{hn« 
tinicN  II  niiinU>r  <>i' 
I'M;  l)ut  i^iiorunci', 
(hi)  Iniuli  uiul  l«'w 
cv\tt  ruiiw. 
rntMl  fiir  tlnlr  wpbIiIi 
iloto  alato  nf  li*rb«riiii» 
)  ■nil  (iii<l«r  tlio  u>n 
Mt'tclin. 

in  I'liii'f  pinitorium  ol 
mil,  (lijii,  Ac,  »'«>  •I* 
ly  Krtncli,  fuiidii  h«rc, 

hlef  eniporliim  In  thai 
III  giMxtii.  Ilninii,  Kt»i^ 
the  'riRfi*,  »nd  Hiix. 
,.  On  the  wvot  bunk 
II  of  Dttbyloii,  Ihn  imwl 
iweiK,  and  gotci,  wer« 


•liief  divisions  of  tho 

'tlio  griHit  liUro|)caii 

'd  than  Syria.  In  tlw 
tho  birth-iiliirt!  of  llifl 
iiuwni'd  lor  llicir  com- 
wealth  and  |NipulatiiirL 
now  in  ruiim. 
the  oldoNt  jilncet  in  tho 
lyi  of  Ahraliitiii,  It  ii 
on  an  cxtinnivo  trmlc. 
,  it  wa»  nearly  all  d<' 
rovivinij.  Triitoli  "I'd 
loining  lunie  trade. 

nia.    9.  The  inlands  of 
it,  &c.     5.  What   di> 


^**^«awi»». 


iiy,M^3B!Wlg},riia,w;'ii.!Ji!..i..WY,';)  j.'i«i..,i-  • 


mm 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


If  1^  H^ 

22 


l< 


40 


6" 


Photograpliic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


2.0 


1.8 


U    111.6 


^ 


W^\ 


k 


V 


rv 


^.  '  O 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^^ 


^ 


\ 


'% 


t.jhj.-;i;X'?,^.u-r^- 


i' 


^ 


^ 


k 


ii 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


_Mh.- 


TAuanvtM. 


283 


Ohriat  aid  hii  Ditelpln  on  tha  Mount  of  OlivM. 


PALESTINE. 

8.  PALEnnifB,  or  the  Holy  Land,  occupies  the  south-easu 
crnmost  imuI  of  Syria.  It  is  the  most  celebrated  country  in 
the  world;  a,nd  remarkable  for  being  the  scene  of  most  of  the 
events  recorded  in  the  sacred  scriptures. 

9.  Tho  cur&oe  is  diverBified  with  mountains  and  vulleya.  Of  tha 
formor,  Lebanon  haa  been  long  noted  for  iU  tall  cedars ;  Pisrah,  for 
the  view  it  gave  Mosch  of  the  Promised  Land;  Tabor,  for  the  tnm*. 
figuration  of  Christ;  and  the  Mount  of  Olives,  for  being  the  scone  of 
the  ascension  of  the  Saviour  to  heaven. 

10.  Jerusalem,  the  once  famous  capital  of  tho  Jewish  nation,  where 
David  and  Solomon  reigned,  and  which  was  so  ofbn  tho  resort  of 
Christ  and  hie  discipl<;s,  is  now  a  gloomy,  mean  town,  owing  its  chief 
support  to  the  veneration  in  which  it  is  held  by  Christians,  Jews,  and 
Mahomcdans,  which  still  procures  it  the  visits  of  many  pious  pilgrinu. 

11.  Bethlehem,  six  miles  south  of  Jerusalem,  is  remarkable  for  being 
the  birth-place  of  our  Saviour.  Nazareth,  where  he  resided  until  he 
soinmonced  his  ministry,  is,  next  to  Jeru?alcm,  the  most  holy  place  in 
ralcsUno.  Gaw,  Joppa,  and  Acre,  are  the  principal  towns  on  the  coast 

Map  m.  23.--H0W  is  Turkey  bounded  7  What  river  flows  into  the 
Persian  Gulf  7    Es.— What  flows  into  the  Euphrates  7    Ta.  — How 

Syria  form'  6.  What  is  said  of  the  country?  7.  Damawsnir  8 
Describe  Palostine.  The  surface.  MounUins,4ic  Jerusalem.  Beth 
leoem     Nasareth,  Slo, 


r 


f^^v-n^mmifm 


mm 


•284 


DEBCHimVB  0B00nAFHT> 


lonff  .re  thew)  nvcri?  What  Mu.  lio  north  of  the  McdltorrtMir. 
mbI  Ti.-IIow  high  tre  thoyT  What  Mt.  In  tho  N.  E.7  At.- 
WhatUthopoimlationofSmyrnaT  Erwrum?  BruwJ  1  reblaondo ' 
Busscrah?  ftiarlokirl  Mnnun  DaffdadT  How  U  Syria  bounded ' 
WhatitthepopulaUonofDamaacui?  Aleppo  7  Damatcui  and  Aleppo 
iu«  each  60  miles  eaat  of  tlio  Mediterranean,  and  Joruaalem  40. 

AfapAb.  84.— What  sea  bounda  Pal-jitine  on  tho  won?  Mn.— 
What  river  flowi  into  the  Dead  ioaT  Jn.  — How  long  i»  it?  I  he 
Dead  lea  ?    What  ii  the  population  of  Joruaalom  7    The  oUwr  towna. 


Bedouiiii  aUaeking  a  Ca'tvan. 

ARABIA. 

1.  Arabia  is  a  large  peninsula,  consisting  of  sandy  deserts, 
interspersed  with  fertile  spots,  liite  islands  in  the  ocean ;  these, 
when  cultivated,  yield  various  fruits  and  other  products. 

2.  It  comprises  several  divisions ;  the  principal  are  Mecca, 

r  the  Hodjaz,  Nedsjed,  the  country  of  the  Wahabces,  and 

he  Iraamats  of  Yemen  and  Oman.     Nearly  all  the  western 

coast  was,  for  a  time,  governed  by  the  Pacha  of  Egypt ;  but 

in  1840  he  transferred  his  authority  to  Turkey. 

3.  The  inhabitants  are  principally  Arabi,  with  «ome  Turkiih,  Jew. 
iih,  and  Hindoo  merchants  in  the  towna.  Tho  people  of  the  dc.ort  are 
called  Bedouin.;  they  live  in  tenU,  lead  a  wandering  life,  and  keep 

Anbia.  Q.-l.  What  is  said  of  Arabia,  &o.7    SJ.  The  Arabiia 


PHY. 

I)  of  the  McditorruMtr. 
t.  In  the  N.  E.7  At  — 
?  Bruia7  Trobiiondo' 
How  l(  Syria  bounded  '> 
7  Damaicui  and  AlopjX) 
uid  Jorutalom  40, 
I  on  the  won  7  Mn. — 
How  long  i*  It?  The 
lorn?    Tho  otiior  town*. 


isting  of  sandy  deserts, 
ids  in  the  ocean ;  these, 
id  other  products. 
16  principal  are  Mecca, 
of  the  Wahabees,  and 
Nearly  all  the  western 
)  Pacha  of  Egypt ;  but 
I  Turkey. 

,  with  iomc  Turkisli,  Jew- 
'hu  people  of  the  doicrt  ore 
wandering  life,  and  lieep 

0,  &0.T    SJ.  The  Arabian 


AHABIA. 


285 


largo  herdi  of  horsea  and  cameli.  They  wre  often  hoapltablo  and 
eourteoua  to  thow  who  trurt  and  i«»it  thom ;  but  generally  atUck  and 
rob  the  caravans  tlmt  paii  through  their  country. 

4.  The  Arabs  aro  of  a  brown  complojtion,  thia  and  iparo  in  person, 
but  vigorous  and  active.  They  are  tuinporato,  from  nocossiiy,  but  when 
opportunity  offers  they  compensate  for  tiioir  usual  meagro  fiire. 
.  *•  The  Arab  horses  are  the  finest  in  tiie  world,  and  cclobratcd  for 
their  swiftness.  The  most  usoAil  animal  is  the  camel  i  it  will  travel 
lor  several  days  wiUiout  water,  carrying  a  burthen  of  600  or  700 
poun'Is.  Coffee,  dates,  senna-leavos,  indigo,  and  pearls,  arc  the  chief 
product*.     The  last  aro  obtained  on  the  coast  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 

6.  Mecca,  the  birth-place  of  Mahomed,  is  the  holy  city  of  Mahom 
edans,  which  every  one  of  that  sect  is  expected  to  visit  once  in  his  lile. 
Umo.    It  is  supported  by  the  pilgrims  who  resort  tiiither  every  year. 

7.  Medina  is,  like  Mecca,  considered  a  holy  city :  it  is  celebrated  for 
•ho  tomb  of  Mahomed.  Jidda  is  tho  port  of  Mecca,  and  Yam  bo  tha: 
of  Medina.  S-.na,  tho  capital  of  Yonem,  is  situated  in  tho  midst  of  one 
of  the  T.ost  fertile  districts  in  Arabia. 

d.  Mocha  is  tlio  chief  sea-port  on  tho  Red  sea;  and  is  th<-  nat  of  the 
coifee-trado  Aden  was  onco  a  noted  city;  it  subseque)«ll^  declined, 
but  is  now  regaining  some  imporUnco.  It  belongs  to  tlie  East  India 
Company,  who  have  made  it  a  station  for  their  stoam-ships. 

9.  Makulla  and  Kesliin  are  small  towns,  iKxisessing  a  limited  share 
of  commerce.  Muscat,  the  capital  of  Oman,  is  a  general  dep6t  for  tlie 
merchandise  of  India  and  Persia.     Its  commerce  is  extensive. 

10.  Tho  Imam,  or  chief,  of  On.nn  has  several  ships  of  war;  and  his 
subjects  ore  the  host  native  sailors  in  the  east.  Besides  his  territory 
in  Arabia,  ho  possesses  Zanzibar  and  other  islands  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  oa  well  as  some  in  tlio  Persian  GulC 

11.  Petra,  situated  northward  of  the  Rod  sea,  is  remarkable  <br  its 
temples,  tombs,  &o.,  cut  out  of  tho  solid  rock.  It  was  tho  capital  of 
Bdom  more  thor.  2500  years  ago,  and  was  a  celebrated  city.  Its 
ancient  renown,  and  singular  remains,  cause  it  to  be  often  visited. 

Map  No.  23 — What  country  bounds  Arabia  on  the  north  7  Tv.~ 
South?  A.-8a  -East?  P -tff , G.-On. -West ?  R..8a. -What  fsth 
mus  joins  Arabia  to  Afi-ica  7  Sz. —What  Mts.  in  Arabia  7  Si.  Rh - 
Desert  between  Yemen  and  Oman  7  Af.  -What  divisions  lie  on  th» 
Red  sea  7  Ht,  Yn.  -  The  Arabian  sea  7  Ht,  On.  -  Persian  Gulf  t 
La.  — How  long  is  the  Red  sea  7  Persian  Gulf?  What  is  the 
wpulatioB  of  Muscat?  Sana?  Mocha?  Mecca?  Medino?  Jidda  I 
Yambo?  In  what  part  ofArabia  are  these  places  situated?  Betwee.; 
what  aeao  18  Petra  situated  7   Rd.,  Dd.  "vtwoe., 


•tatw?  3.  Inhabitants 7  Bedouins?  4.  Arabs,  &p 7  5.  Describe  the 
hortes.  Cornels.  Ciiof  products.  6.  What  i.  said  of  Mecca?  7 
Medina?  8,  Mocha,  &c.?  9.  Makulla,  &c  7  10,  Tho  Imam  J  ll.PctraT 


986 


.1^ 


DmCRimVB  OBOaRAPHV. 

190 


Tctaaran,  tha  Capital  of  Poraia. 

PERSIA,  AFGHANISTAN,  &c. 

1.  Pbbbia  was,  in  early  times,  one  of  the  most  powerful 
empires  in  Asia ;  but  the  imbecility  of  the  government,  and 
the  disastrous  civil  and  foreign  wars,  have  diminished  its 
importance. 

2.  A  largo  portion  of  the  country  consists  of  rocky  moun< 
tains,  landy  deserts,  and  valleys  nearly  destitute  of  run- 
ning streams ;  but  along  the  shores  of  the  Caspian  sea  the 
soil  is  rich  and  fertile. 

3.  The  population  compriiei  two  closaei,  the  people  of  the  towns 
and  the  pastoral  tribes,  or  Iliyata,  Lilte  the  Arabs,  the  latter  waader 
about  with  their  floclta  and  herds,  and  often  commit  depredations  on 
the  settled  inhabitants. 

4.  Sillc,  cotton,  wheat,  rice,  tobacco^  rhubarb,  and  assafoetida,  are  the 
chief  products.  The  manufactures  wore  formerly  more  important  than 
at  present ;  they  consist  of  carpcte,  shawls,  silk  goods,  guns,  swords.  Sic 
The  foreign  commerce  is  inconsiderable,  and  is  chioUy  carried  on  b> 
Buropeons. 

5.  The  Persians  are  a  handsome  people,  and,  like  the  Turks,  are 
inveterate  smokers.  They  are  the  most  learned  of  the  Oriental  nations, 
and  are  fond  of  reciting  the  verses,  and  quoting  tlie  maxims,  of  their 
chief  poets.  Thev  are  also  polite  and  lively  in  their  manners,  akil. 
ful  in  the  use  of  iuttery  and  disaimulation ;  and  an  said  to  be  insin 
cofe  and  intriguing. 

Persia.  Q.  — 1.  What  is  taid  of  Persia?  9.  The  eonntryT  S. 
Population f  4.  Products 7  Manu&cturea7  Commerce?  5.  What 
is  said  id  the  Peraians  T    Their  manners,  ite.  1     6.  Teheran  ?    7. 


PHT. 


iriU. 
AN,  &C. 

of  the  most  powerful 
r  the  government,  and 
I,  have  diminished  ita 

>nsi8t8  of  rocky  moun- 
arly  destitute  of  run- 
of  the  Caspian  sea  the 

,  the  people  of  the  towns 
I  Arabi,  the  latter  waMder 
I  commit  deprodationi  on 

rb,  and  asBafcetida,  are  the 
norly  more  important  than 
k  goods,  guns,  swords,  Stc 
A  is  chiouy  carried  on  hy 

,  and,  like  the  Turks,  are 
led  of  the  Oriental  nations, 
Dting  tlie  maxims,  of  their 
ly  in  their  manners,  ski], 
•nd  we  Mid  to  be  insin 


x1  9.  The  eoontryT  3. 
7  Commerce?  5.  What 
\,  iccl     6.  Teheran?    7. 


r 


AFOnANIITAlf,   BBLOOCmiTAN. 


987 


6.  Teheran,  tim  capiul  of  Persia,  is  70  miles  south  of  the  Caspian 
eea;  it  Is  a  modern-built  city,  inhabited  by  Uio  king,  his  court,  and 
army,  only  during  the  winter  months.  Tiie  population,  in  conse 
quenoe,  fluctuates  iVom  10,000  to  60,000. 

7.  Ispahan,  the  ancient  capital,  is  390  miles  southward  of  Teheran 
it  ranked  once  among  the  most  splendid  cities  in  (ho  east.  I'liuiigli  .. 
great  part  of  it  is  in  ruins,  it  is  still  a  placd  of  iniportiincc,  with  an 
extensive  trade,  and  consiiierablo  manufiicturos.  Bhirax  is  celubrntod 
for  its  dulightfiil  climate,  and  l)eautiftil  environs.  Reshd  is  tiie  chief 
port  on  the  Caspian  sea,  and  Bijshire  on  the  Persian  GulE  Tabruex 
Mushid,  Yesd,  BalOuah,  and  Kerman,  are  important  cities. 

8.  AroHAMiiTAN.  —  The  country  lying  between  Persia 
and  Hindoostan  was  once  a  part  of  the  Persian  Empire,  li 
ia  now  divided  into  the  separate  territories  of  Afghanistan 
and  Beloochiatan. 

9.  The  inhabitants  are  ealled  Afghans ;  they  are  bold  and  warlike, 
and,  in  the  late  expulsion  of  the  British  fi-om  their  country,  displayed 
an  energy  not  usual  with  Asiatics  in  recent  times. 

10.  The  population,  as  in  Persia,  consisto  of  the  inhabitanU  of  the 
towns  and  the  pastoral  tribes  :  the  latter  are  a  simnlfi  and  hospitable 
race.  They  enjoy  a  considerable  share  of  political  ireoduin,  tJie  power 
of  the  chiefs  being  limitud  by  Uio  representatives  of  tiie  people. 

11.  Cabul,  the  capital,  is  on  the  Cabul  river,  a  branch  of  the  Indus; 
It  enjoys  a  fine  climate,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  futile  country,  rhe 
next  important  towns  are  Peshawur,  on  the  Cabul,  and  Candahar  and 
Ghixnee,  on  the  Helmund.  Herat  ia  the  capital  of  a  small  independent 
state.    Ita  manufkctures  and  commerce  are  important. 

19.  Bkumoristan.— Beloochiatan  ia  inhabited  by  a  number  of  small 
independent  tribes,  of  whom  the  Belooches  are  the  chief.  They  arc 
mosUy  of  warlike  habits,  and  often  make  plundering  incursions  upon 
each  other.  Kelat,  the  principal  town,  is  tiie  residence  of  a  chief;  oi 
Khan,  to  whom  several  of  the  tribes  are  subject. 

Map  No.  93.— How  is  Persia  bounded  7  What  river  separates  (t  fVom 
Tartary  7  Ak.— From  Turkey  7  Ts.,  Es.  —What  sea  on  the  north? 
Cn.— Gulf  on  the  south  7  Pn.— What  Mta.  extend  across  Persia  7  Ex 
—What  desert  south  of  the  Elborx  Mta.  7  G..St— What  is  the  popula 
tion  of  Teheran 7  Ispahan?  Tabreez?  Reshd?  Meshid?  Yeid? 
Shirai  ?  Kerman  ?  What  bounds  Afghanistan  on  the  north  7  H..K..Ms 
—South?  Bn.— East?  I..Rr.— West?  Pa.— What  lake  7  Zh.— What 
river  flows  into  it  ?  Hd. —What  is  the  population  of  Cabul  7  Canda. 
har  7  Herat  7  Peshawar  7  What  bounds  Beloochistan  on  the  nortli ' 
An.— South?  AJSa.— East?  I.-Rr.— West?  Pa.— What  is  the  popa 
lation  of  Kelat?    Gundava? 


Iinwhan?    Shiras,fto.T    8.  The  eoontry  beiween  Persia,  Ao.?    9. 
TheAfghus?    10.  The  popoktian ?    11.  Cabul?    19  Belooohistaa? 


iW 


i»icmim?B  oBoasAPHT. 


Tinir  OariiTaD. 

TARTARY.  . 

3.  Tahtaht  comprchonda  all  the  central  part  of  Asia, 
ttrotchinK  fiom  the  Caspian  sea  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  lu 
groat  divisions  are  Independent  Tartary,  and  Chinese  Tartary. 

2.  Independent  Tartary  includes  several  small  Mahomedac 
states,  which  are  governed  by  princes  called  Khana.  Chinese 
Tartary  is  annex^  to  the  Chinese  Empire,  and  has  for  the 
most  part  adopted  the  worship  of  the  Grand  Lama. 

3,  The  inhtbituita  comprise  MTeral  distinct  racoi.  Those  of  Inde- 
pendent  Tartary  and  Little  Bokhara  are  limilar  to  the  Turki.  The 
people  of  Soongaria,  or  the  Kalmucks,  and  those  of  Mongolia,  called 
Mongols,  are  the  true  TarUrs.  The  ManUhoos,  or  people  of  Mant- 
oliooria,  differ  in  tome  respects  fVom  all  the  others. 

INDEPENDENT  TARTARY,  OR  TURKI8TAN. 

4.  Indkpewdbnt  Tartary  lies  eastward  of  the  Caspian 
wa.  It  comprises  the  Kirguis  country  and  Turcomania,  with 
the  states  of  Khokan,  Kiiiva,  Bokhara,  and  Koondooz. 

5.  The  ft)ur  last  are  inhabited  bv  an  industrious  people,  engaged  in 
'igriculture  and  trade.  The  Usbecks  are  the  dominant  race,  and  hanoe 

Ttrtary.  Q. — 1.  What  does  Tartary  comprehend  7  9.  Independai> 
Tortary  include  T  Chinese  Tartary  T  3.  What  is  said  of  the  Inhabit- 
UBls7    4.  Describe  Independent  Tartoiy.    S  lu  sUtes.    C  What  is 


>Hy. 


antral  part  of  Asia, 
a  Pacific  Ocean.  lu 
and  Chinese  Tartary. 
ral  small  Mahomedac 
illcd  Khana.  Chinese 
lire,  and  has  for  the 
rand  Lama. 

t  racoi.  Those  of  Inde- 
lilar  to  the  Turki.  Th* 
loie  of  Mongolia,  called 
ooa,  or  people  of  Mant- 
Lhen. 

TURKI8TAN. 
tward  of  the  Caspian 
and  Turcomania,  with 
and  Koondooz. 

rioua  people,  engaged  in 
lominont  race,  and  hence 

'chcndT  9.  Independei* 
hat  ia  said  of  the  Inhabit- 
I  lu  lUtea.    C  What  M 


r 


TAKTABT. 


9M 

The  reit  of  the  ip 


the  counUy  ii  lonMlimea  called  Uibeok  Tartar;. 
habitonta  are  called  'I'ai^jilu. 

6.  An  exteniive  commeroe  ia  carried  on  between  theaa  atatea  and 
I'eraia,  flindooaUn,  China,  and  Riuiia.  The  caravan*  proceed  in 
large  bodies,  and  aro  well  ariiied ;  couiiisiing  lometimes  of  aevertl 
thouiand  men,  tturiea,  and  camoli, 

7.  The  principal  ciliei  are  llokhara,  Khokan,  Ta»hk.-nl,  Khiva,  and 
Samarcand.  Iktkhara,  tiia  capital  of  tlio  territory  of  iho  lamo  noiiir, 
i»  the  chief  seat  of  Mahomodan  learning  in  tliia  quarter,  and  in  viiiKed 
by  a  great  number  of  itudenta.  Khiva  ia  rather  an  encampment,  than 
11  town ;  it  is  the  principal  alavo-inarket  in  Tartary.  Mamaroand, 
imce  the  moat  renowned  city  in  Aiia,  ia  now  nearly  all  in  ruini. 

a.  The  Kiaauis  and  TuacoMANS  raise  large  numbers  of  horses  ano 
camels,  and  wander  obout  from  placn  lo  place.  The  Turcomans  otlon 
larry  away  the  inhabitants  from  the  frontier  Persian  villagea,  and  aell 
them  for  slaves  in  the  markeU  of  Khiva  and  Bokhara. 

CHINESE  TARTARY. 

9.  CiiiirEai  Tabtaky  comprises  Little  Bokhnm,  Soon- 
garia,  Mongolia,  and  Muntchooria.  It  is  chiefly  an  ele- 
vated plain,  bounded  by  ranges  of  lofty  mountains. 
*  10.  The  whole  tcrritor_;r  appears  to  bo  better  suited  to  graiing  than 
agriculture,  and  is  inhabited  principally  by  roving  tribes,  who  live  in 
tonta,  and  raise  groat  numbers  of  horses. 

11.  LiTTUt  BoKiiAKA  and  SooNOAau  are  the  beat-settled  and  moct 
fertile  divisions  in  the  eaa«om  port  of  this  territory.  The  chief  towns 
are  Goulja,  Yarkand,  and  Cashgar. 

la.  Mantorooria  is  watered  by  the  river  Amoor;  it  conUins  several 
cities  and  towns,  and  a  stationary  population  in  some  parts.  Chin 
Yang  ia  the  chief  city  in  the  district  which  adjoina  China. 

Map  No.  33 — How  is  Independent  Tartary  bonnded  7  What  ee* 
on  the  west  7  Cn.  —  In  tljo  centre  7  Al.  —  How  long  are  these  7 
What  rivers  flow  into  the  Caspian  sea  7  Ul.,  Ak.  —  The  sea  of  Aral  7 
Sn.,  Ao.  —  How  long  aro  these  rivers  7  What  Mu.  in  the  country  7 
II..K0.,  Br.,  L.-Ay.— What  ia  the  population  of  Tashkent?  Bok- 
hara 7  Khokan  7    Samarcand  7 

How  is  Chinese  Tartary  bounded  7  What  are  ita  chief  Mta.  7 
L..Ay.,  Br.,  Tg.,  Tn.,  C-Ay.,  Kn.  — How  high  are  the  three  laat7 
Which  are  the  principal  lakea  7  Bh.,  Zr.,  Lr.  —  Principal  rivers  7  Cr- 
Ih.,  San  Ar.,  Si.,  Ui.— What  desert  in  the  south?  Ci.  — How  lon» 
ia  it  7    What  is  the  population  of  Goulja  7    Cashgar  7    Yarkand  7 

said  of  commerce  7  7.  The  citiea,  &c.  7  8.  The  Kirguis  and  Tureo. 
inana7  9.  Chinese  TsrtarT  7  10.  For  what  is  it  suited  7  H.  Da 
Bribe  Little  Bachaaia  and  Soongaria.    19,  Mantchooria. 

9jr 


MMmirrivB  Qwooturmr, 
iga 


*'^-^^H 

.^iX    ! 

■   :'"f 

INDIA. 

1.  India  has  been  always  celobratcd  for  its  fortility,  and 
for  its  valuable  products.  It  comprises  tho  two  peninsulas 
which  form  tho  southern  part  of  Asia :  tho  western  one  is 
callud  tiindoostan,  and  the  other  Chin-India,  or  Farther  India. 

2.  Both  these  peninsulas  nro  remarkable  f<fr  the  number 
and  size  of  thoir  rivers,  whoso  waters  and  inundations,  united 
with  tho  heat  of  the  climate,  make  them  the  most  productive 
countries  on  earth.  Tho  term  East  Indies  is  used  frequently 
for  tho  whole  of  south-eastern  Asia  and  China. 

3.  Tlie  elephant  here  attaini  hi*  ^reateit  bulk  luid  perfbction ;  and 
hai  l>een  rendered  uienil  fVom  the  earlieit  timet.  White  elcphanta 
though  lometinioi  met  with,  are  rare.  In  Birmah  and  Siam  they  tre 
Iwlieved  to  contain  the  ipirit  of  some  departed  monarch,  ai  luch,  they 
have  tlia  title  of  a  king;  and  when  taken  abroad,  tjie  people  ore 
obliged  to  proatrato  themaolvea  aa  before  their  actual  loveroign. 

HINDOOSTAN. 

4.  HiNDoosTAN  is  ono  of  the  most  remarkable  countries 
m  the  east.  Its  singular  customs,  and  rich  productions,  have 
attracted  attention  from  the  earliest  periods. 


huUa.  Q.— -1.  For  what  has  India  been  celebrated  T    9.  What  is 
•aid    of  tho   peniniulast      3.  Tho   olopliaBtr     Whilo   olophantT 


r 


APHY. 


ed  for  iti  fortility,  and 
■es  the  two  poniiuuloa 
in :  tho  western  one  is 
•India,  or  Farther  India, 
rknblo  for  tho  number 
and  inundations,  united 
:m  the  most  productive 
idies  is  used  frequently 
[)d  China. 

bulk  And  perftction;  and 
t  time*.  White  elophsnU 
llirmah  and  Siam  they  tre 
ted  monarch,  ai  luch,  they 
m  abroad,  the  people  ore 
sir  actual  aoveroiyn. 

I 

It  remarkable  countries 
1  rich  productions,  have 
iriods. 

n  celebrated  T  9.  What  it 
bantr     Whits  elephant} 


r 


ft.  The  climate  of  tho  chief  part  of  Ifindnnsiiin  is  that  of 
«h«»  torrid  xotio,  which  aninnn  tho  mounUuns  is  nindcnd  tern- 
pcrato  by  elevation.  With  tho  flx<<i()lion  of  a  few  saiuly 
desert  tracU,  the  soil  is  gnnorally  fiirtil... 

6.  The  a||riculture  is  imperfect,  yet  tho  produce  is  abun. 
danJ.  Hice  is  tho  chi«f  article  of  focKl,  but  othor  grains  are 
(ullivatod.  Cotton,  silk,  sugar,  opium,  and  indigo,  are  all 
oxtensively  produced ;  ahw,  ooflbo,  pepper,  cinnamon,  Aic. 

7.  The  cotton  manu^turni  liavn  bmn  Umg  celebrated  f})r  Ihnlr  (Inn. 
nftM  and  beauty.  HiU  i*  an  important  iimnutkclurei  and  the  atiawU 
of  Oaahmere  are  unrivalled.  Tho  lliiuloo.  excel  In  working  oold  and 
•ilreri  and  in  cutUiijr.  poliihiny,  and  aottinir  preoioua  itunr*. 

8.  The  inUnd  trade  ia  carried  on  by  Ilaniani,  or  Hindoo  merohanta 
Arnjenlajia,  and  PariHiea.  Tho  foreiyn  commBroe  ii  In  tlie  handa  of 
Uie  fcnglii  1,  Americana,  fcc.  Thia  country  producoa  tho  Aneat  dia- 
monda  in  the  world ;  for,  thouf  h  tlxMe  of  llratil  are  of  groatijr  aii«,  the 
diamonds  ol  Oolconda  are  luperior  in  hardnea*  and  brillianoy.  Gold 
Iron,  tin,  and  line,  arc  among  tlie  rainorala.  ' 

9.  The  Hindoo,  vary  in  complexion  (Vom  dark  brown  almoat  to 
white,  with  alraight  hair,  and  ploaaing  liiaturoa.  They  aro  an  indol*nl 
and  apiriL*«<a  race,  oxceaiivolir  auporititioua ;  and  are  deacribed  aa 
being  nearly  deatitute  of  moral  honeaty. 

10.  They  are  divldwl  Into  fbur  castes,  or  classes  >-!.  The  Bramina 
or  prlcaU.  S.  The  Rajah-pootraa,  or  aoldiera.  3.  Vaiayaa.  or  mar. 
chanla  and  ftrmera.  4.  The  Budraa,  or  hbourera.  Theie  caatea  are 
forbidden  to  intermarry,  or  even  to  eat  or  drink  together;  and  every 
auooeoding  generaUon  muat  belong  to  the  aamo  claaa  aa  their  parents. 

11.  The  religion  of  the  Hindoos  la  a  degrading  ayatem  of  paganiam. 
Bramah  la  tJic  lupromo  deity,  and  thoro  arc  many  niilliona  of  inftrior 
divmiuca.  riicy  alao  womliip  tliu  rivor  (Jangoa,  tho  cow.  ape.  and 
other  animala.  There  aro  likowiao  in  HindwaUn  a  number  of  Mahom. 
edana,  with  aomo  ChriHtiana.  both  native  and  European,  and  Jewa. 

19.  Hindooatan  ia  chiefly  under  the  control  of  the  Britiah  Eaat  India 
company.  lu  territory  oontaina  a  population  of  about  83  niilliona 
the  tributary  atatea  41  millioni  j  total  of  the  company'a  aubiecU  194 
milllona.  To  Uila  muat  bo  added  a  million  for  Ceylon,  which  beloogs 
to  the  crown.  Total  of  Britiah  India,  Vi5  milliona.  Of  thia  vaat  mdt 
Utude,  the  European*  do  not  exceed  50,000.  Tho  independent  states 
conUin  about  15  million  inhabitants.  ^^^ 


4.  WhatlasaidofHindoostan?    5.  The  climate  7    6.  AgriouItursT 
rCottonmanuActure^Ac.?   8.  Inland  trade  7    Foreig,?SmS 
Of  diamonds  7    9.  Describe  the  Hindoos     10.  How  are  thev  divided  7 
II.  Of  religion7    19,  WhU  i.  ..id  of  the  BriuTaTlTdhi  oS.. 


999 


nmcmtrrvrm  cMMRApnT. 


<luokfi|  (!lir'*tl«iilly  mlo  lii'li'i.     M«iiy  of  ihu  ni»l(*«'«  li»»«  r«ii<««ui««/ 


Tim  rhr'*tl«lilly  mlo   """''•      '"•"J  '"  inu  nmnp"  ii«»" 
ilr  nlar  (uda  |  tntl  kmm  tm««  evon  Mcuma  mlMlonuMi 


Vlaw  !■  CkUitUa. 


U.  BtiTHH  India. — Uritinh  Indin  comjiriiwi*  thrw  PrrHirMn- 
ciea;—!,  HciiruI  nnd  Aj^mi  !i,  Ifcimlmy ;  a,  MiidroH.  The 
wholo  ia  govcnu!il  by  th«  l'r«Mid<)nt  of  tho  ftr^t  nnnwd  i  ho  « 
called  till)  (5.iv«'rn<)r-(i«!ii"ml  of  India,  und  has  cxtpn.iivfl 
powers.  Tho  inipn^niii  authority,  howiivcr,  n'nt«  in  Ihu  Court 
of  Dirtjctori  of  tho  FM»i  India  Coni|iuny  in  London. 

15.  Th»  chief  tributary  prinret  «re  th«  Ni«am,  and  the  Nabobf 
of  Dude,  Derar  and  Mynorii.  Tlieia  r\ili)r»  are  mere  naaiialii,  tHiing 
wholly  under  HrltUh  direcliun  and  loi.tnil.  Tho  (Jwickwar  and  other 
prolfloUid  i>rinc™  hato  a  nominal  independence.  HciniH*  la  tlip  ruler 
of  an  indauendeni  lUta  in  iha  inlerior,  I*hore,  or  the  Punjiiuli,  th« 
counUy  of  Uie  Selka,  and  Hindo,  haYO  been  lately  anneied  to  Ilritlah 
ImdiM. 

16.  Calcutta,  the  capital  of  Brltlah  India,  la  on  the  IfoogW  branch 
of  th>'  (Jangea,  100  inilea  fVom  tlio  lea  i  It  oomprlaoa  two  divuionn. 
Chounngoe,  Inhabited  by  thn  Kngllah,  la  a  city  of  palaci!* ;  while  Iha 
Sla«k  Town,  inhabited  by  the  llindooa,  li  an  aaecmblago  of  huta. 

17  Bombay,  the  capital  of  Weatnrn  Britiah  India,  la  noted  fiir  Ha 
eonUMTCe  and  ihi|vbuildiiig.  Ma<lrai,  the  capiUl  of  aouthcrn  Britiah 
In-.-i  m  alluatcd  on  a  Hat  aandy  ahoro,  and  haa  no  harbour.  It  pre- 
Nut  k  Am  appcaranco  from  the  aca. 

Ibl  Hyderabad,  aouth  of  the  Oodarery  rtrer,  la  tJia  capital  of  tha 
NiMin  I  Nagporo,  of  Bwur ;  Lucknow,  of  Oude  j  Myaorc,  of  tho  atato 


pur>  I>.  Of  miaalonary  aocietieeT  14.  What  doM  Britiah  India 
omipriaal  What  la  aald  of  tha  government  T  16.  ThanaUreprlnoeaT 
TbaOwlekwar,  8clndia,&o.7    16.  Dearrlba  Calcutta.    17.  Bombay 


1IT. 

iiinrjr  aiM-totk*  Cor  tnlrik 

lUlMtanMMk 


npriRoii  thnw  PrrsirVn. 
\y ;  ."J,  MnilroH.  Th* 
hu  firot  iinnvnl :  ho  la 
1,  und  Ims  extpn.iiva 
vcr,  rc'iita  in  Ihu  Court 
y  in  Loiiiion. 

Nixain,  ■nd  thi)  Nthob* 
are  mere  vuHftlii,  Iwing 
Tho  Owirkwar  and  uih«r 
ee.  HclndU  >•  tl""  r<*l«r 
hor«,  or  the  Punjiiiil),  tha 
Ut«ly  initoiad  tu  llrittfh 

i»  on  tha  Iloogly  branch 
comprlaoa  two  uivinionM. 
:ity  of  pnlacR* ;  wliiln  the 
t  aaNinblago  of  hutii. 

iah  India,  la  noted  fnr  ita 
;a|iitiil  of  aoiithorn  Rritiah 
I  haa  no  harbour.    It  pre. 

\nt,  ii  tlia  capital  of  tha 
tudo  i  Myaorc,  of  tha  atata 

What  doM  Britiah  India 
'  IS.  The  natira  prinoea  t 
M  Calcutta.    17.  IViinbay 


Ih 


flrUmtnamai  lUrrHln  oflho  (iwlokwar  i  l-ahow.iir  ihn  l»mii«iibi  and 
Uw«lli»r,  of  N«!iii<ll«'a  iloMilnion*.  Iriiirllnir  I*  lh«  holy  illy  of  |)m 
Haik*.    t'aahntflra  liua  [img  Itpcn  niiiiiil  liir  lu  iplamttd  ihAwU. 

I'J.  Ikmarca  la  Ihf  iii.mI  |i<i|iiiIo)i«  pUif  In  India i  It  la  alao  tha  Mrmd 
titr  of  Ilia    lllndiNM.      Avra  ia  notsal   (iir  tUm  '!'.'••    MihftI    tUti   i!):st 

tpfmidld  Uimb  In  tlin  wntM ,  Hftu\gmmt»m  C.t  ilu'  t Iiof  llyilir  All. 

Ihl  wa*  lli«  Mogul,  und   I'ikiiisIi  iIi«   Mahr  iM,i  r.i|i.(«l.     Hiimt  wita 

g  rnnowi'd   (*«.   It mnitiriiii  Oojrin  a*  Ilia  Oral  niKrldlan  of  tlia 

liid.io  g.»grit|»lirra,  and   Dana  fi>f  Ita  Ana  miialina.     Ponili.  hrrry  i« 

hii  <  ainul  of  the  Frcm^h.andtJoauf  thn  rortuguvao  Indian  doiniiu  >ii.. 

ao.  CryUm  la  a  bvaulinil  fnrtila  lalaiid,  belonging  tit  ilie   Hritiali 

rrown,  and  Indenendniit  of  tha  Kaat  Inilia  coin|Mny.     Il  la  noted  for 

priMlucIng  tlHi  (ineat  rinmimon  In  tha  world,  and  fbf  lla  pearUIUteriaa. 

(  oliiiiibo  la  the  ohief  ally. 

•Jl.  The  ('oralllne  latea  eompHae  the  f.accadlwi  and  Maldi««  groupa. 
Ilwy  lin  wnal  and  aoiilh-wcat  (Voni  llmdooaUn.  Though  nmiiermia, 
they  are  ainali  In  «il«nt|  and  pntdiire  co«!oa-nuU  In  rnnalHerabla 
abundance.     Tho  InliablUnU  of  the  l.accadlvaa  arc  ealUid  Moplaya. 

Map  ffo.  93.— How  la  llln'' xwlan  boundnd  7  What  rivnra  flow  inin 
in  Arabian  Hoa  I  la.,  Nli.  —  Tim  bay  of  Ikngal  I  Oa.,  Br.,  tiy,,  Ka. 
—  How  long  aro  t!i«ao  f  What  Mt».  are  In  the  nortlieaat?  Ilh.— 
tbnth.wcat  ?  (It.  —  How  long  and  high  aro  tho  Hrat  t  What  laland 
aouth  of  liimlooatan  7  V,n.  —  How  long  and  wide  la  Ut  What  gulf 
ai'paratea  it  th>m  lilndooatan  7  Mr.  —What  lalaiida  wcat  and  aouth. 
woat  of  Hindooatan?  t;«..la.— What  la  tho  |t.>jiulation  of  Ihnaroa? 
t,tlculta7  Hurat7  Delhi  7  I.urkiiow  7  I'alna7  Madrua  7  Honilmy,  and 
the  other  largo  citiea  7  roint  out  the  capitala  named  in  the  teit  7 
What  ia  the  aouth.eaat  coaat  of  llindonatan  called  7  <.'!.  —  The  aouth. 
wail  7    Mr.  —  Dii  what  rivera  aio  the  principal  citiea  7 

104 

CHIN  INDIA,  OR  FARTHER  INDIA. 
1.  Chin  Iwdia  lion  aouth  of  Thibet  and  Chinn.    Tho  em- 

Eiroa  of  Birmah  ond  Annm,  tho  kingdom  of  Sinm,  nnd  thfj 
ritish  tcrritorica,  aro  ita  chief  divisiona.  It  ia  a  weil-watc'rcd, 
fertile  region,  with  productiona  noorly  aimilar  to  thoao  of  Hirv.' 
dooataii. 

3.  Nearly  all  ita  inhabitanta  profbaa  the  religion  of  Bu<ldha, 
or  r.uadnma.  Some  of  their  temples  aro  very  large,  and  am 
gaudily  ornamented  with  gilding,  painting,  &ie.  The  war-boata 

&c.    18.  What  la  aald  of  Hyderabad,  Nagpore,  Ac.  7    19.  Bcnarw, 
Agra,  Ac.  7     90.  Dcacribc  C-oylon.    91.  Tho  Coralline  laloi. 
Chin  India.  Q.—X.  Dofcribo  Chin  India.    9.  The  Inhabitanta.  Tha 


39^ 


DBBCfupnvB  oaoaiiAr«rr> 


Hrmid  Ttmplci)  and  WmBmu. 

of  these  nations,  particularly  those  of  the  Birmans,  are  often 
100  feet  long,  but  are  very  narrow.  They  carry  from  80  to 
100  men  each,  with  a  small  cannon  at  the  prow. 

3.  The  govctnmcnl*  of  Cl.'n  India  are  »b«o!ute  debpc^.iimi  t  Qm 
nobles  are  profoundly  r.ubmisRiTe  to  their  idVoreipii,  ar.d  creep  on  their 
handi  and  kneei  wheu  they  approach  him.  1  ne  moralfi  of  the  people 
*  re  m  a  low  state ;  the  women  are  little  better  than  skvea ;  they  pen. 
form  the  principal  part  of  the  labonr,  and  in  Anam  they  conduct  all 
the  optratioM  of  buying  and  sellingf. 

4,  Extent  and  Population  ef  Chin  India. 

Anim •  390,000  1 9,000,000  ||  Britieh  terrltort  <i . .  77,000  !    1,400,000 

Blrmah 834,000    5,330,000     Malacca ...aa,0OO|      480,000 

biam 194,000  I  3,800,000  II  Total,    930,000  I  90,000,000 

6.  BiHMAH.  —The  Birman  Empirepwms  founded  about  the 
middle  of  th"  dst  century,  by  the  conquest  of  Peg«  and  soma 
other  territories.  It  was  for  a  time  a  powerful  state,  but  hoi 
lately  lost  its  pre-ominence. 

6.  Uramerapoora  and  Ava  were  tnicccuirolv  tbe  capitvla  of  Birntah, 
MoLichaboo  ij  now  the  seat  of  government ;  Rangoon  is  the  chief  sea- 
port   TheM  cities  aro  all  on  the  Irrawiddy  river. 

temples.  War-boats.  ?.  Whnt  il  jaid  of  the  governments  7  NoMec  7 
MorJ8,&c.7  Of  thewome.  7  4.  How  mar.y  inhabitanU  has  Chin 
bidia7  What  is  its  extent  in  square  miles  7  Which  is  'Am  iargest 
division  7  The  most  populous '/  5.  When  was  the  Firman  Empire 
fii'jnded,  &0.7    What  is  said  of  Ummcrapoora,  Ava,  &c.7    7.  What 


g 

St 


r 


lAFiIT. 


r-BMU. 

'  the  Birmans,  are  often 
They  carry  from  81'  to 
i  the  prow. 

3  ibwiute  dcBpc^-inna ;  tllB 
tArorcigii,  and  creep  on  their 
1  ne  moralB  of  the  people 
tter  than  akveiii  they  peik 
in  Anam  thoy  conduct  ill 

f  Chin  India. 

t^un  num.   InbiUUUi 
I  terrltort  I . .  77,C00  !    1,400,000 

ea ...83,000       480,000 

Total,   «0,000  I  90,000,000 

wiTtis  founded  about  the 
iquest  of  Pegu  and  soma 
I  powerful  state,  but  hoi 


i?elv  tbe  capitcla  of  Birmofii      I 
t ;  Rangoon  is  the  chief  tea* 
ly  river. 

the  goreniinenta  7  Nobles  7 
mar.y  inhabitant*  has  Chin 
les?  Wiiich  is  Uiu  iargest 
sn  was  the  Firman  Empire 
ipoora,  Ava,4D0.7    7.  AVhat 


•^mrrnimm 


7 


mvnA. 


386 


7.  AifAX.-— -Thifl  Empire  is  of  recent  origin,  dating  only 
from  the  beginning  of  the  present  century.  It  comprises 
Tonouin,  Cochin  China,  Cambodia,  and  part  of  Laos.  The 
late  king  of  Cochin  China,  Caung  Shung,  aided  by  French 
officers,  organized  hia  army  and  navy  in  the  European  men- 
ner,  and  was  thus  enabled  to  conquer  Tonquin  and  Cambodia. 

8.  Hue,  the  capital  of  Anam,  it  on  a  amall  river  10  milea  from  the 
wa.  It  ia  a  vaat  fi)rtreM  in  the  Luropean  atylo— 5  milea  in  circum- 
*r«nce,  and  would  roqui-?  50,000  men  to  garriaon  it  Saigon,  on  the 
Donnai  river,  a  brunch  o!  the  Cambodia,  ia  the  chief  sea-port  of  Anam. 
and  ita  largvat  city.    Kejho,  ia  Tonquin,  ia  an  Lnportant  town. 

9.  SiAM. — This  kingdom  lies  between  Birmah  an.l  Anam : 
it  is  highly  fruitful  in  rice,  HUgar,  and  other  products.  The 
people  are  mild  nnd  courteoim,  but  cunning  and  avaricious. 

10.  Bankok,  the  capital,  ia  on  the  Moinam.  the  hoiuea  are  built 
partly  on  iu  banka,  nnd  partly  on  rafts  in  »he  river,  which  can  be 
easily  moved  about  from  place  to  place.  The  latter  are  inhabited 
clueuy  by  Chinuse  emigranla. 

11.  Taa  BniTisa  Possebsioks.— These  territories  com- 
prise Assam  and  Ar.-acan,  and  a  narrow  district  south  of  the 
Salwen  river;  also  Pulo  Pinang,  or  Prince  of  Wales  Island, 
Wellssley,  a  small  province  on  the  main  land,  east  of  Polo 
ftnang,  the  territory  and  town  of  Malacca,  ard  the  island  and 
city  of  Singapore.  The  latter  is  an  important  city ;  it  is  a 
tree  port,  and  has  an  extensive  commerce. 

.18.  Malaiwa.— The  peninsula  of  Malacca  ia  occupied  by  a  number 
oTsrnsU  independent  states,  of  which  but  little  ia  known.  iTie  inhabit- 
anto  are  chieBy  Mahomedana;  they  are  called  Malaya,  and  are  bv  turns 
merchant*,  piratea,  and  robbers. 

13.  The  Andaman  and  Nicobar  lalands  lie  b  the  Bay  of  BennL 
The  former  are  inhabited  by  a  fierce  Negro  race,  and  tho  latter  by  a 
people  ainular  to  the  Malaya,  but  peaceable  in  their  habita. 

Jjfao  m  23.— How  ia  Birmah  bounded  7  SiamT  Anam  7  Malao. 
'5  L  ^J**' "»«"  fl"w  i  'to  tlie  Gulf  of  Martaban  7  ly,  Sn.— Gulf 
pf8iam7  Mn.— China  uea  7  Ca.— How  kmg  are  all  theae7  What 
isttonua  connects  Malacca  with  Siam  7    Kw.— V/hat  atrait  aeparatea 

,??  «'°'I""'''?^«  Ma.— Which  ia  the  aonth  eepe  of  Birmah  7  Ns. 
-•Df  Malacca  7  Ra. -Cambodia  7  Ca.-What  is  the  population  of 
Ifenkok?  Ava7  Hue?  Sai«)n7  Ummerapoora 7  Arracan7  Sin- 
gapore? What  islands  weat  of  Siam  7  An.  Nr.— The  Nicobar  lalands 
belong  to  Denmark;  there  are  no  Europeans  on  them  at  present. 

h»  said  of  AnwnJ  Tho  late  king?  8.  Describe  Hue.  Saigon.  9. 
What  is  said  of  Siam  7  10.  Bankok  7  11.  Describe  the  British  Pa» 
•ewona.    18.  Malacca.    13.  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Islands. 


.^■^lamfi'SfiiiMWMiiMiii 


|JIPPJ'-WI| 


DxscmtPTiva  onooRAPirr. 


OnMip  of  ClilntM. 

CHINESE  EMPIRE. 

1.  Thb  r  hinese  Empire  embraces  China,  Chinese  Tartary, 
Corea,  lui^  Thibet.  The  inhabitants  are  estimated  at  280 
millions,  being  the  greatest  number  subject  to  any  one  go- 
vermenf.  They  consist  principally  of  Chinese ;  but  the  ruhng 
race,  tu  which  the  Emperor  belongs,  is  the  Mantchoo,  by 
whom  China  was  conquered  in  1644. 

CHINA  PROPER. 

2.  Cfina  comprises  a  territory  about  three-fourths  the 
size  of  the  Uatted  States.  It  is  :iuU.J  fur  the  antiquity  of  its 
government,  the  singulciity  of  its  manners  and  customs,  and 
tor  its  reserved  policy  towards  other  nations. 

3.  The  soil  and  climate,  from  the  great  extent  of  country, 
are  extremely  various.  The  former  is  cultivpted  with  the 
greatest  care  in  every  part :  even  the  mountains  and  rocks 
are  made  to  yieM  some  useful  product ;  yet  the  agriculture  is 
less  skilfully  conducted  than  in  Europe  or  the  United  States. 

4.  Manufkctarei  are  numeroui ;  and  many  of  them  have  been  car. 
ried  by  the  Chinese  to  a  state  of  sonsiderable  perfection.  In  fine 
porcelain  or  China  ware,  rich  RilkB,  and  in  ornamental  worka  in  ivory, 
mother  of  pearl,  and  tortoiie  ihells,  they  excel 

5.  Foreien  commerce  has  been  hitherto  cairried  on  at  Canton,  chiefly 
vrith  the  English  and  Americans,  in  tea,  silks,  nankeens,  articles  of 

China,  Q.~l.  What  does  the  Chinese  Empi'e  embrace  1  What  is 
said  of  the  people  7  9.  Wha  does  China  comprise  1  For  what  is  it 
noted  7    3,  What  is  said  ef  the  soil  7    4.  Manufactures  ?    5.  Foreign 


S 

E 

it 
G 

*) 

ai 

in 
d 

th 
hi 
It 

th 
th 
la 

m 
lif 
nc 
rii 
fii 

bo 
ic: 
in 

let 

by 


pa 
bo 
no 

litt 


die 
of 
Bit 

001 

Qii 
Wi 
U 


APltT. 


RE. 

Hhina,  Chinese  Tartary, 
I  are  estimated  at  280 
subject  to  any  one  ^• 
Chinese ;  but  the  ruhng 
3,  is  the  Mantchoo,  by 

R. 

about  three-fourths  the 

I  fur  the  autiquity  of  its 

liners  and  customs,  and 

nations. 

great  extent  of  country, 
r  is  cultivpted  with  the 
e  mountains  and  rocks 
t ;  yet  the  agriculture  is 
pe  or  the  United  States, 
uiy  of  them  have  been  car. 
lerable  perfection.  In  fine 
omauiental  work*  in  ivory, 
zceL 

iairriedon  at  Canton,  chiefly 
silki,  nankeena,  articles  of 

impi'e  embrace  T  What  k 
conipriae7  For  what  ie  it 
Mnnuiacturei?    5.  Foreign 


987 

Ivory,  &«.    The  export  of  tea  alone  to  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
Sutee  is  about  60  million  pound*  annually. 

C.  Ill  i«tum,  the  Americana  aupply  the  Chineee  with  rinteng ;  the 
Engllrii  supply  them  with  opium.  The  latter  b  prohibited  by  law : 
it  is  smoc  Jd  B  a  pipe,  and  is  extremely  pwnioioos  to  tliose  who  use  it. 
Omwnf,  though  not  priied  with  us,  U  regarded  in  CUn«  as  a  most 
valuable  drag. 

7.  The  bibai  trade  of  China,  b]r  means  of  the  numerous  rivers 
and  canals,  is  very  extensive.  The  Grand,  or  Iraperftl  Canal,  is  600 
iniios  in  length.  It  b  said  to  havt  emptiyad  S0,000  men  upwards 
at  40  Tears  ia  its  oonatraetion. 

a  The  Great  Wall  which  bounds  China  on  the  north  is,  probably 
the  greatest  work  ever  constructed.  It  is  1500  miles  long,  94  fiwt 
high,  and  so  thick  that  six  horsemen  can  easily  ride  abreast  upon  it 
It  was  built  iNMM  years  ago,  as  a  deftnce  against  the  Tartars. 

9.  The  chief  beauty  ofthe  womaa  in  this  oountiy  b  thought  to  be 
the  Dmallness  of  their  ftet  which  are  bound  up  from  infimoy  to  prevent 
their  incressing  in  sire.  The  shoes  of  a  Chinese  lady  are  about  4  inchee 
long,  and  9  wide.  Women  ofthe  lower  order  do  not  compreH  the  feet 

ll).  The  principal  fiiod  of  the  Chinese  is  rice ;  but  the  poor  eat  rats, 
mice,  and  puppiee,  and  any  thing  they  can  procure  that  will  sustain 
lilbj  yet  they  oiien  suffiir  fimn  Amine.  Soups  made  of  edible  birds', 
nests,  sea.*lug,  and  other  geUtinous  substances,  are  among  tlie  luxu- 
ries of  the  rich.  Purk  b  the  ftvourite  animal  food  j  sharks'  fin*  and 
nsh  maws  are  .-egarded  a*  delicacies. 

11.  Learning  b  highly  ssteemed  by  the  Chinese.  They  have  many 
book*  on  variou*  •ubjeotii,  yet  are  very  deficient  in  true  literature  and 
science.  The  Mandarins,  or  great  offioers,  employed  in  the  adminis. 
tratioac^the government,  owe  their  rank  and  title  to  their  skill  in 
letters.  They  are  divided  into  nine  ranks,  each  of  which  b  designated 
by  a  diflerent  coloured  button  on  the  top  of  the  eKfk 

13.  The  Chinese  army  amounto  to  800,000  men;  but  their  equip. 
menb  and  discipline  are  entirely  different  from  ours.  They  wear 
^P«r  '>;;Jj|]>?t^  wadded  gowns,  quilted  petticoats,  and  rlumsy  satin 
booU  Their  arm*  are  bows  sjid  arrows,  matchlock  guns,  and  can- 
non without  canieges.  Thore  are  a  number  of  armed  junks  employed 
by  the  government  to  suppress  smuggling  and  piracy,  but  they  are  of 
uttle  importance  as  a  naval  Ihroe. 

13.  The  Chinese  are  distinguished  for  order,  hidustry,  and  reraIa^ 
it^ ;  but  their  treatment  of  ftnules,  worshipphig  of  idob,  and  general 
duregard  of  truth,  are  oirounistanoes  which  lower  them  in  the  seale 
of  naUons,  and  rank  them  bebw  the  bast  civilised  Christian  commu- 
uties. 


eomraeice?    6.  What  b  said  of  Americana  T    English  r    Opium  7 

S}"J!^»  J-„^'"*'  •"**'  *"»•  G»*«»«'  C«»*l'  8.  The  Great 
waUr  9.  What  b  said  of  the  women?  10.  The  food?  H. 
l««mtogT    ia.TheBrmyT    Arms?    Armed  junks?    l3.Chine8e? 


■  iiWitKitHitMiniiiiiiiMmiii'iiiitoiHi  iiiiiiHiiiiclM 


308 


DnOKlPTIVB  OlOOBAFHT. 


Obin«M  Military- 


11  The  reliirion  of  Fo  or  Buddha  U  proftwed  by  the  chief  part 
«f  fh.TeoDte'  C  the  'earned  men  wor.hlip  the  •pirlt  of  tho.r  groat 
l£apWonft!c!!l..  There  are  «.me  Roman  Catholic,  Jew.,  and 
jilahomedan.  in  China.  ^^  ^^  conducted  with  great  fhrm 

Jd  Ceremony  ™Emperori.  styled  the  Son  "f  Heaven  j  and  when 
hS  J^?X^d  the  hou^efaiid  .hop.  mu.t  bo  .hut.  and  aU  that  he 
nmt.  must  prctrato  themwlve.  on  the  ground.   .  _ 

Te  PeWn!l5^e  capital,  1.  one  of  the  large.t  citic.  in  the  world,  ft 
contain,  two  d^.tinct  to^n.,  the  Chinee  and  Tartar ;  tl^  fo™«  b  th. 
mart  elojtant  and  populou.;  but  the  Uttar  ii  adorned  by  the  imperija 
SScI  aSdRardon^L  The  .hop.  are  numerou. .  they  are  decorataJ  wWi 
fif  palntK  and  lantern."  The  .treeU  we  lmmen«,ly  crowded, 
«7S«ChlneiB.Dend  much  of  their  time  in  the  open  air. 
%r  NSin%^«c7e«t  capital.  U  larger  than  ftkin 5  but  it  i.  now 
»««tlv  decayed.  It  i.  noted  for  ita  porcelain  tower,  and  lU  mannftc. 
SJ?.tfnSn.  cL,ton  wa.  until  lateW  the  only  port  at  which 
E^JSpSans^orc  allowed  to  trade  and  re.l/e.  IVZZnTo  'li^i 
-«:.»  ThB  hoat  town  of  Canton  i.  compoeed  of  thouMnd.  of  Ijoata 
ES^ge  JS  .'^tlC^d  celled  by  IndivWl^  who  Uv.  dl  their  Urn 

"w!  B^te  late  treaty  between  China  "*  G'^tB^i^Si^V^'.^';?; 
rf  oLnten  Amov  Foutchow.  NLagpo,  and  Shanghio.  called  the  "  Free 
lS?^nwopertoEUpeaMwd  American..  Shan.hae  .  next 
Sc^to?forTx^Wco.rS^  TcentainU  the  port  o^Pelcin.  and 

'*irfflh'oiri£i&ow,  Kingtochinj.  «id  VontchMg.  are  .11 
po}L5rSr»nd  .SD  i'ntheSid.t^  rich  and  ftrtile  dl.trlcta. 

11  aeU«onT  15.  The  Government  T  Emperor  T  16.  Detcribe 
ifcln     'C.honfc    17.  Nankin.    Canton.    16.  What  porta  are  now 

SSl  S^o^r..  iit  What  ^-"  «f  «»?«s£iil^'£ 

iTsootohow.^T    Hongkong?    VictorU?    80.  Describe  the  Chi- 
lialandiT 


r 


M 


rur. 


jfbMed  by  the  ohief  part 

tho  iplrit  of  their  groat 

man  Catholici,  Jewf,  and 

nduoted  with  great  fbrm 
Son  of  Heaven ;  and  when 
be  ihut,  and  all  that  be 
ind. 

It  citici  in  the  world.  It 
I  Tartar :  tlie  former  ia  the 
I  ndomod  by  the  imperial 
m  t  they  are  decorated  with 
1  are  immeniely  crowded, 
t  the  open  air. 
than  Fekin  {  but  it  !■  now 
in  tower,  and  it*  manufltc- 
y  the  only  port  at  which 
le.  Ite  commerce  U  very 
•ed  of  thouianda  of  boata 
luole,  who  live  all  their  Urea 

id  Great  Britain,  tho  porta 
Shanghto,  called  tho  "  Freo 
nericans.  Shanghae  ii  next 
in  ii  the  port  of  Pekin,  and 

f,  and  Vomchang,  are  all 
rich  and  ftrtile  diatrioU. 

Emperor  T  16.  Detcribe 
n.  18.  What  porU  are  now 
of  Shanghae  f  TeenteinT 
rUT    90.  DoMiribe  the  Chi. 


r 


THIBIT. 

ao.  The  principal  Chineae  iaianda  are  Hainan.  Formosa.  anH  it. 

Uiey  apeak  the  language  of  Japan,  but  are  tributary  to  ChinaT 

K;  F:^s7uth7  H„*  '7,  '^"^  '     What  ialond.  oaat  of  Chlna^ 

wh.tM.ri?cLbar"g.:i;.;°::;z^         -■» "«"«' 

&TJih^'^)''^-  .K'nK*;«''in»»    On  what  river,  are  the  fiw 
fiw  of  the  foregoing  ciUea?    Point  out  the  Free  Porta.    Hongk^g. 

THIBET,  COREA,  &c 

ofVhJU.-T,"*'^'*''-*'^'''''^  '«h'°"'  ^""tJed  by  ranges 
of  the  higheiit  mountains  on  the  globe;  and  some  oftS 

tE  •  T.^  *f ^  Tt""  «"'^°«"^  ^'^  withinTtoTrtto  * 
Thjbet,  including  L.tUe  Thibet,  is  tributary  to  China        ^ 

9.  The  «>il  of  Thibet  i.  aterile,  and  vegetation  i.  .cantv  hnt  th. 
people  poaaeaa  large  herds  of  catUe     The  mi«W  IL.      ^'.-      "* 

mere  are  made.    Both  ahoep  and  oxen  are  u«h1  a.  b^  of  burd^" 

rhf;7?i'!f*al'  ""  "'.'''•''.'•SJ  "'■ ""'  "«»*»•»  of  Buddha,  called  Fo  in 
Chmo,  and  Shamanism  b  Tortarv.    Tha  OriinH  r ..™.  i   oT  ?    ?   - 

thia  aystem.  and  is  con.idere^l7thc  CroSo"him3f  dw^n^"^  "^ 
•nd  obelisk,  of  the  buUdinTare^<Zl^iJh  SomT'J  '^i"  ^'""' 


L—  ■-■^••-■'■'■■■niinniiiiMjiiimriii,! ,  („ 


300 


DMCRiPTiva  o»oo«Ai?inr. 


PalMfl  of  TmIioo  Lomboo. 

8.  TeBhoo  Lomboo  i.  the  wat  of  an  inferior  Lama,  who  «»««  ln« 
hrge  mora.tory.  compo«d  of  400  hou.o..  oncompa«od  by  a  high  wall 
JjjTagungar  it  tho  moat  populoua  city  m  1  hibct. 

0  LtTTLt  Thiwt  lie.  on  the  northern  .ido  of  the  Hi"''"'''''!  Mo'.n. 
Uin.,  0^  i"  but  little  known.  It  i.  u.u|»lly  "Pr'"™'*"*  .*" '"taiak^ 
ChiJarbut  .ome  of  iU  di.trioU  are  «id  to  bo  .ndependont.  Ladak. 
the  chief  town,  U  noted  for  it*  trade  m  ahawl  wool. 

7  CoHiiA.— Corea  is  a  peninsula,  situated  between  China 
and'japan.  The  people  have  but  little  intercourse  with  any 
nation,  except  the  Chinese  and  Japanese. 

8  Thia  kingdom  ia  ruled  by  a  aovoroi«:n,  who  paya  homage  and 
tribute  to  China.  The  arU.  learning,  an^  written  language  of  that 
So^tjy  are  In  oae  inCorei;  bu'.  the  apoken  language  la  diffcrgnt 

9.  For  iU  latitude,  the  climati,  of  Corea  i.  -"""I-  ^'♦^Stj^j"^^ 

tto  MipiUl,  U  aituated  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  country. 

«.„  Va  23 How  ia  Thibet  bounded  1  What  ri»ert  riae  m  It  7 

R,^  &L  y7-  How  bng  are  theao  1  What  Mta.  on  the  north  7 
Ei'r8S3..^"at7  hI.-&ow  high  a.*  theae7  What  Mt  we. 
l^iT-Zf?  Co^—How  hich  ia  it  7  What  river  in  Little  Thibet  7 
iimitowniaonit7Tk.-Whati.  the  M.^^'i- f/'fw^ 
Sr7  Of  Laaaa7  What  aea  bounda  Corea  on  the  w^at7  Yw.- 
Ert7  aJn.-How  wide  i*  the  aea  of  JapM7  What  country 
Swda  Corea  north  7    Ma. -What  «!a  aouth  7    En. 


5.  Teahoo  Lomboo.  6.  Little  Thibet  L«lak.  7  W,ati* 
..id  of  Corea7  8.  The  aovereign7  Art.,  learning,  fco. 7  9.  CU- 
iiuUo7    ProducUona7    Inhiibitonta,  &c.  7    Kmgkitw? 


»inr. 


r  Lama,  who  rciidet  in  ■ 
MinpaHod  by  a  high  wall 
bet. 

I  of  the  Himraalch  Moun- 
repregentod  a»  iubjoct  to 
bo  independent  Ladak, 
1  wool. 

situated  between  China 
)  intercourse  with  any 
se. 

n,  who  pays  homage  and 
written  language  of  that 
ten  language  is  diffcrint 

it  mild.  Cotton,  rice,  and 
BO  cultivated.  '1  ho  potato 
)33.  The  inhabitanU  an 
lanese.  Among  the  domes- 
»t  in  height  Kingkitoc, 
of  the  country. 

d7  Whatri»ertrjiemit7 
What  Mta.  on  the  north  7 
)  the*o7  What  Mt  went 
lat  river  in  Little  Thibet  7 
the  population  of  Jigagun- 
rea  on  the  west  7  Yw. — 
if  Japan  7  What  country 
ith7    En. 


libet    Ladak.    7.  What  is 
ta,  learning,  fco.7    9.  C3U- 
Kingkittol 


mpiRi  or  JAPAN. 
EMPIRE  OF  JAPAN. 


301 


1.  Tm  empire  of  Japan  comprises  tho  islands  of  Niphon, 
Jesso,  Kiusiu,  and  Sikoke,  with  the  southernmost  of  the 
Kunlo  Islands.  Tho  people,  like  the  Chinese,  are  jealous  of 
huropeans ;  so  that  our  knowledge  of  the  country  is  limited. 

2.  Tho  soil  is  tilled  with  great  care;  the  law  enacting  thai 
OTery  owner  of  land  shall  render  it  as  productive  as  possible. 
Kico  and  lea  ore  tho  riiiof  staples,  hut  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton, 
and  wheat,  are  cultivated.  Besides  large  plantations  of  tho 
toa.plant,  all  tho  hedges  are  formed  of  it. 

3.  Tho  manufactures  are  numerous,  and  include  silk,  cot- 
ton,  porcelain,  and  lackered  or  Japan  ware,  in  which,  and 
the  workmg  of  motalj,  tho  Japanese  excel.  Gold,  silver,  and 
copper,  are  the  principal  minerals. 

4.  The  Japanese  are  one  of  the  most  civiliied  naUons  in  Eastern 
Asia,  and  cduniite  their  children  of  both  sexes  with  great  caru 
Women  ho  d  a  higher  rank  here  than  in  Cliina  j  they  enjoy  the  same 
degree  of  liberty  as  in  Europe.  '      J  /         «"•" 

5.  Foreigners  are  rigorously  excluded  from  the  empire,  and  none 
nut  Ue  Chinese,  Coroans,  and  Dutch,  are  permitted  to  have  inter. 
T'Tl  ViT  'V  The  latter  are  subje'.t  to  muoh  indignity,  yet  submit 
to  it  fcr  the  sake  of  tho  trade.  e     /i  /       »«  "» 

6.  The  worship  of  Buddha,  of  ConfUolus,  and  of  spiriU,  or  irenii. 
prevails  in  Japan.  The  last  i.  caUed  the  religion  of  Sinto.  The 
goTernmeMt  IS  abjolute  ;  and  there  are  two  monarchs,  the  Kubo,and 
the  Dairi.  The  former  is  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  army,  and  is 
S"  iT**  •"'?'•'»? '  y'.^^'>  f"  'atte'  w  the  spiritual  head  of  the  empire. 
He  lives  reUred,  in  his  palace  at  Miaco,  and  seldom  goes  abroad :  his 
person  is  regarded  as  sacred.  v«. .  lu. 

7.  The  laws  are  severe,  and  are  rigorously  executed  j  but  the  secu- 
nty  of  person  and  property  is  thus  rendered  very  complete.  Great 
wimes  and  capital  punishments  ore  rare.  CutUng  to  pieces,  imraes, 
aion  m  boiling  oil,  and  impalement  on  the  cross,  are  common  mode, 
rf  punishment  The  parent  is  made  to  suffer  for  the  crimes  of  the 
child,  and  the  child  for  those  of  the  parent 

a  Jedo,  the  capital,  is  on  the  east  side  of  Niphon,  and  is  one  of  the 
brgest  cities  in  the  world.    It  is  7  miles  lon^-,  ud  5  wide ;  and  eon? 

Japan.  Q.  — 1.  What  does  Japan  comprise?  9.  What  is  said  of 
the  soil  7    ProducU  7    3.  Manufctures  7*^  Gold,  Ac.  7    4.  Ja^i^? 

^'?'jJ!i.'"l°'^?"'"SI*""'^  Women  7  5.  Foreigners  7  6.TheW«Xi. 
afBuddht.Ao.7    The  government 7    Monarchs?    7,  What  is  •«< 


T 


.^^■..^k.>..i^.».^  ...,-,  ir---irtitmuti.t»ii  ■ 


SOI 


oascmimva  oaoosAFHT. 


lh«  mr.  Tk«  buildlmt.  «  account  of  the  ft«iu«iu.y  of  mv  ihqu.kw. 
.«  «f  one  and  two  storks  «.ly.  "d  are  c.mitructed  of  bamboo 
^r«d  with  mortar.  Tha  city  i,  lubioct  to  dr«adfU  ftre..  on.  of 
whieh,  In  tiM  TMT  1701,  consuiMd  100,000  bouaaa. 

»  Mkaoo  bi  the  wUgioua  capital  of  Japan  ;  It  la  alan  the  centra  of 
ita  leaniiat  •«"•«  •<>»««*•  *»  contain,  aoma  very  argo  «.iaoaa  and 
lempuTOne  of  the  latUr,  Fokorf.  k  1000  fiiet  loogi  b  It  ta  an 
image  rf  Budilha,  83  feet  high. 

10  Owuia  la,  like  Venice,  Interaected  by  canala.  Nangaaakl,  i« 
Kluaiuu  li  the  only  port  at  *hich  forelgnom  are  all<.we<l  to  trade.  Ilw 
Uutch  are  hero  rentriclcJ  to  a  aniBll  i»land,  where  tiusy  are  allowed 
a  apace  of  only  600  feet  long,  b»  130  wWo,  In  which  to  carry  on 
tliaUbuaiaaaa.    MaUniay  i«  the  chief  town  on  the  laUnd  of  Jea*», 

Mkp  No.  23.— What  atralt  aeparnte.  Core,  from  Nlphnn,  Ite.  1  fK 
—Which  U  Uio  Urgct  of  the  Japan  Uland.  ?  Nn.  —  'l  lie  ncit  in  ca- 
Unt  1  Jo.— How  long  i.  each  of  the.,  iilandi  7  What  atrait  joparatai 
Niphon«ndJ««o7  My.  -  What  iiland  lice  north  of  JcmoJ  Sn.- 
How  long  i.  Scirhalien  J  What  channel  wp^'toi Jt  f'""'  "'"'fj^ 
ria  7  Ty.  —  What  iaianda  north^eaat  of  Jeaao  7  Ke.  —  Which  la  the 
largeat  of  the«>  7  8i..  -What  bound.  Japan  eaat  7  Pc.  -  How  long 
and  wide  ia  the  Pacific  ocean  7  How  fcr  ftom  Japan  to  MmIoo  7 
HowmanyinhabitanUha.  Jodo7    Miaco?    0«ica7    MaUmay  7 


till 
16 


AFRICA. 

1.  AniiCA  is  the  third  in  size  among  the  grcnt  divisions 
of  the  globe,  being  about  one-third  lesa  than  Asia,  and  three 
Umes  larger  than  Europe.  It  is  a  vast  peninsula,  joined  to 
Asia  by  the  Isthmus  of  Suez. 

2.  It  is  almost  wholly  in  a  state  of  barbarism;  yet,  in 
ancient  times  its  northern  countries  were  among  the  most 
edichtened  in  the  world.  They  still  have  written  languages, 
but  rank  among  the  lowest  of  the  half-civilized  nations. 

8.  Africa  ia  the  holtert  region  on  the  globe.  It  Ilea  raoatly  within 
the  tropS  and  the  influence  of  if  burning  clinHUe  «t«nd'  even 
totboae  rerion.  which  are  in  the  temgejjto  lonea.  Th- jnoat  aUikni. 
Ltaw  i.  &e  Or«t  De^rt,  which  i.  §000  mile,  in  ••"Ifth.  "•^  l*^ 
ta  SUdth.  It  i.  covered  with  wnd  and  gravel ;  «id  appear.  Uke  the 
bottom  of  a  dried-up  aea.        ______ 

of  the  law.  T    Cutting  to  piece.,  Ac.  7    8.  Dewribe  Jedo.    9.  Mi»oa 
la  Caca.    NangBMki.    Matwnay. 
4/riM.  <J.-1.  What  i.  said  of  Africa  T    ».  Of  iU  .tate.  &,o.t 


exi 

M( 

in 

Cr 

the 

« 

can 
leo| 
rao 
Th( 
tie 
Don 
7 
wor 
usei 
II  tt 
woi 

Xl 
Dm 


.«»J»iil'l>H*»l 


rr. 

It  rMida  ber«  (Mirt  of 
|U«iu)]r  of  •aUhi]u«ke«, 
imitructcd  of  b»inb<» 
drotdlUI  Area,  oiui  of 

MS. 

ia  alio  the  centra  of 
ery  largo  p^'acaa  and 
(mii  Umn  in  it  U  an 

anala.  Nanf««aki,  la 
sll<iw«<l  to  trade.  Tlw 
iheie  tiusy  are  allowed 
In  which  to  carry  on 
tlie  iaiand  of  Jeaao. 

om  NIphnn,  tte.  1  CV 
fJn.—Tlie  licit  in  c* 
What  atrait  aoparataa 
lorlli  of  Jcifo  f  8n.  — 
atea  it  from  Mantchoo. 
7  Kc  — Which  ia  the 
iaat  7  Pc.  —  llovr  long 
om  Japan  to  MciiooT 
Oaaca  7    MaUmay  7 


a  the  great  dirisiotw 
than  Asia,  and  throe 
peninsula,  joined  to 

'  barbarism;  yet,  in 
ere  amona;  the  most 
ire  written  languages, 
ivilized  nations. 

It  Ilea  moatly  within 
g  climate  eztenda  even 
mea.  The  moat  itrikini 
lea  in  length,  and  1000 
el ;  and  appear*  like  the 


iBcribe  Jedo.    9.  Miaoa 
9.  Of  iU  state,  tt6.1 


r 


AFRICA. 


403 


Aftiea. 

4.  The  rivers  oi  Afric*  are  few  in  number;  and  none  are 
tiavigable  to  any  extent  for  largo  vessels.     The  principol  an.. 

l!fn^'^.'  '""^  ''"'  ^''*'-   '^^  '""«'  '"  remarkable  forflowina 
1600  miles  without  receiving  a  single  tributary. 

5.  The  mountains  are  generally  distinguished  more  for 
extent  than  elevation.  The  Aflas  Mountains  in  Barbary,  the 
MountaiiMi  of  the  Moon  in  central,  and  the  Snow  Mountains 
in  southern  Africa,  are  the  principal.  Other  ranges,  as  the 
Crystal  Mountains  in  Congo,  and  the  Lupata  Mountains  on 
the  east  coast,  ore  but  little  known. 

8.  The  principal  Aftioan  animal*  are  the  elephant,  hippopotamua 
l^r^^br": '*  V."''.'^?  two-horncd  rhinocero*.  wKe  17. 
leopard,  lebra,  Ac  The  African  lion  i.  the  nobleat  animal  of  hi. 
race-  thowi  Ibund  elaewhere  being  much  inferior  in  lizo  and  ttrenrtli 
The  antelope*  compriae  not  leaa  than  »ixty  different  hikjcIc.  :  of  Ihew* 
tie  apringbok  ia  found  in  troop*  of  ■everai  thouwind*.  The  camel  in 
northom.  and  the  •**  in  weetern  Africa,  are  the  chief  be*.U  of  bi.iden 

7.  Theoatrich  i*  the  largeet  African  bird,  and  the  larrett  in  the 
world.  It  run.  with  rapidity,  bat  doe*  not  flyj  and  it*  Hier*  Iw 
OMid  M  ornament,  of  dre.*.  The  aecretary  vullure.  or  aerpeXate? 
I.  remarkable  for  devouring  the  moat  noxiou.  of  the  Mrpent  tribe.  Tlie' 
Moiabla  vulture  i.  m  large  a*  the  condor,  and  .imilar  in  iu  habiUt  It 

J.  The  climate  7    Great  DewtT     4.  River.  7     5.   Mountain.  7    A 
DeacribetheanimoJ*   7.  Bird*    1  Cr«oodi!e.,4kc    »!  Whc  I,  J. 


DMcmumva  bmoBAmv. 


AtMMa  Uom. 


■prlnikok. 


It  found  unong  M  th.  hlf  h  mounUknt  of  U»  Interior.  Tlw  buiiterd 
utd  g.ilnr«.fijwl,  with  groiwe,  pMUWgw,  and  wtUr-fowl  of  TMtou* 
kinda,  ftre  niimcroua. 

8.  CrocodllM  are  found  In  all  Iha  riwra  of  tho  tropical  parU  of 
Africa ;  and  •orpnnU,  .corpioiia,  and  lixarda  of  varioua  kind.,  •bound- 
Tim  white  anU  arn  iiingular  iiiaecU :  ihey  build  noati  10  or  U  ftnl 
high,  which  are  divided  into  apartmenU.  with  magaxinea  lor  provi- 
tiona,  arclied  oliambera,  and  gallerlea  of  communication. 

9.  Africa  ha.  but  few  great  kingdomaj  it  i»  chiefly  divi^d  Into  a 
number  of  petty  aUU.,  w\mi>  govcrnnienta  are  deapotio.  T  »••«'»■ 
culture  and  manufkcturea  are  rude  and  imperfect;  yet,  owing  to  lU 
fcrUllty,  the  producU  of  the  foil  ar«  In  many  place*  »ery  abundant. 

10.  The  chief  trade  of  the  Interior  la  CMtled  on  by  cwawia,  coiw 
elating  of  oamela.  which  croaa  the  de«»rt  In  yarloua  dircctiona;  and 
iierform,  on  thin  aea  of  aand,  Uie  h  ulneae  accompluhed  by  .hipe  on 
tlie  ocean.  Commerce,  on  the  northam  and  wwtom  coaita,  la  oarrM 
en  moatly  by  Europeaiia,  and  on  the  eaatem  by  the  Aralie. 

11.  AWc*  ha*  fiimlahed  alaTea  to  Chrlatlan  and  oUiar  nallona  fo* 
hundrcda  of  yeart  j  and  the  tra«o,  though  aomewhat  checked,  la  atiU 
oarried  on.  Great  BrlUln  and  th*  United  SUle.  were  once  cngti|[«d 
In  thU  trade;  but  both  nation*  haw  forbidden  It;  and  It  la  puni.hcd 
•a  piracy  by  the  latter  power.  The  Bpwilah  and  Portugue**  aUU  pur- 
■o*  it  on  certain  parte  of  the  AfHoan  coaat 

19.  The  people  of  Africa  are  eaUmated  at  almoet  60  millione.  They 
belong  to  two  racea,  the  African  and  Caucaalan.  The  former  are  the 
moat  numeroua,  and  oomprlee  the  chief  part  of  the  InhabltanU  wrath 

•r  lu  great  kingdom.  T  AgtloultureT  Manoftcture*  10.  Trad* 
of  the  Interior 7  Commerce?  11.  What  w  wild  of  .law.?  Great 
BrlUln  and  the  United  BMmI  19.  What  number  of  inhabltaaUl 
7*  what  do  they  belong,  4to.T 


4t 

a 

Ui 


M 

Al 
Ti 
Ti 

^:^ 

N( 
Al 
Li 

•hi 

Ou 

1 
O. 
FrI 
C.I 

\ 
St. 
Zai 

\ 
Mu 
Ra( 

\ 

Vor 

l)un 
can 
raiil 
iSoci 
V 
Dca 

—  I 

moa 
.atit 
dogr 
it  ell 

~( 


WWMIiMMMMMPi«* 


r 


PIlV. 


■pflnikok. 

•  Interior.    TIm  buirtard 
ltd  waUr-fowt  of  vwioiu 

of  th«  tronic»l  p«rU  of 

of  varloua  kinda,  abound, 

mild  nenti  10  or  13  Act 

Ith  maKsxinM  for  pro«U 

imunlcatton. 

;  li  chiefly  divided  into  • 

iro  doipotio.  Tha  agrl- 
wrfeot;  jrct,  owing  to  ila 
r  places  very  abiindMit. 
ried  on  by  cmravana,  ooiw 
n  variolu  dircctiona;  and 
lecompliahed  by  ahipa  on 

weftnm  coaita,  la  oarriad 

by  the  Arali*. 
ian  and  other  nationa  fcr 
lomewhat  checked,  ia  itiU 
iUtea  wera  onoe  engird 
ien  it ;  and  it  la  puniihcd 
I  and  Portucueae  atiU  pur* 

',  almoat  60  milllona.  They 
■ian.  Tha  former  are  tM 
t  of  the  inhabitants  aonth 

Manafkctures.  10.  Trada 
ia  aaid  of  ahtvea?  Great 
t  number  of  inhabitanU  1 


AFWCA.  30ft 

uie  Aftlcttji  racoa,  are  ilill  riido  and  barbaroua.  i™     •  «« 


•  How  ia  Aftica  bounded  7 

Aahnntoe. 
Dnliomey 
llunin 


Map  N».  05 

Muroeou  . . .  Omindttd  /— (-apital  r 
Alflera  ....  lioutidvd  ?— <;a|.iinl  7 

Tunla lioundod  7— Cipiial  7 

TripoJl Iloiinil.'d  7— (Japilal  7 

fjirypt Uoun.l.il  7— Cniiiul  i 

Nnl>'« Il<)un.kil  7_C'n|.it»l  7 

AbyMJnia  . .  Iloumii'.l  ^— <;«|iila|  7 
Liberia  ....  Dound.  d  7— Capital  7 

Where  la  the  Oulf  of  Si.Ira  7 


FliMiiidod  7— Capital 
ll<iiiiii|i'(|  7— CHpiiiiir 
R"M»i'l.d7— tlaplult 
*■«»"«'» Ilmimli  il  7— Capitul  » 


Angola  ....  Iloiinili'd  7— (^apitai  7 
Ffeingunla. . .  lioiindi  d  7— <;apilnl  7 
('ajio  Colony  lioundod  ^— <;apitttl  f 
Moiainbiquo  Muundod  7— Capital  f 
Oulf  of  Guinea  7    fl„|f  „f  Adnn  7 


•>.    I.    /.Vi".     .       .  "i'lru  1     null  oi  uuinca 

Itr.    of  Gibraltar  7  Htrait  of  llabolm.ndel  7  Ch.nn.l  »f  Moiainbiquo  7 

n  Tf,  '•  iV'""i'  ''\''l  "*y  ^   WaUvLch  7    Santa  Crui  7   St.  lluUna  7 
Oulagoa  7     llomlMJtok  7     Anton  Uili  7     Vohcnairc  7 

r  ot^ni!  ^'•'^."T  '  lu  ^;  «"""'»"'' '    <^-  na.,«  7    C.  Dolgado  7 
r,Corrlcntoa7     (,.  Agulhaa?    C.  of  <Joo.l  noiw  7«    C  Croaa  7    C 

t  8t!Mary?'""'   ''•''"'^'   ^•"'""""^  C.  Ljador 7   C. AmbrS 

Whore   1.  the  River  Nile?    The  Senegal 7    Gambia 7    Grondb? 


Ri  P..Vp.»  Mi  7  V.  """,  *"°  '^"OR'"'  "amba?  Grondb? 
5  li  ,  il'f",'  ^.^"f'  Ambrii7  Counia?  Oraniro  7  Man^oe? 
Zamboio?    (hoe  7    WobLo?     Yoou7    Sliaryf    Mi.Xd? 


Mu.  of  the 
Hod  Mu.7 


Zamboio?    OiJe?    WobLo?     Yoou? 

Whore  aro  the  Atlaa  Mountaina?    Mta.  of  Kona  7 
RSnafc'^"''-'     '^"•-'•Mt..?    SnowMt;? 

WherearetheAioroahland.7    Madeira  la.  7    Canary  If  ?    Can- 
yordeI,.7    Fernando  Pol.  7    Princo'a  I.  7    8t  ThomaVl        Ann^ 
l.onl.7    A.cen.ionl.7    Stllolona?    Ethiopian  ArSa;„  7    M 
carenha  I..  7    Mauritiu.  1.7    Iteurbon  T?*^  Xych,  f  I? ?     /f.^ 

Where  la  the  Groat  Doacrt?    Libyan  Dewrt?    Nubian   IV-imI 

Dcert  of  Challahongah  7    Thi.  1.  coJlJd  al,o  tho  KarJi  lUrri  K 

What  throo  great  drcloa  paaa  through  Africa?    T.-Cr    Er    T^n 

moal?' Tr'Ai^''"''';'n,'']    '''''••  '^•'-  -  In  -hatl^rne'^U  ii 
moauy  i     id.  —  AtVica  containa  37  doffreoa  of  norlli  nnH  "iK  „f  J™. 

aftude.    In  what  la.i.ud.  then  i.  it  Sy  7    N     _!  i?  conUinTsS 
teyl'S"'^'"^"'"^  longitude.    I  what  411^ t'n  1! 

Ml'SMnr^  of  diatinction,  the  -CaK~«Wen  aay  „f  t  vti! 
HI  bound  to  India  or  China,  »  ahe  haa  gone  round  the  Cape."  "'  '  ™* 


306 


DBscHirrivM  uKtMiiAriiy. 


Arak  ftMiIlM  nmMug.  • 

nAUBAllY. 
1,  RaMary  \n  thnt  jwrt  of  norllMirn  \Ct\m  which  incltidM 
Morix'co,  Al{<i''n«,  Timii*,  nml  Tri|K)li,  to^i-thi'r  with  ihi)  intu- 
nor  r«[j;ioii  culled  U<!lcil  cl  Jcrid,  or  liuml  of  DritcN. 

3.  Soriw  (IJHtancn  inlnnd  am  thn  Atliw  Mountnin* :  bi^twccn 
Umra  mid  Ihu  cotuit  th«!  climnto  In  iniid,  iind  tho  «oil  i«  gene- 
rally ftrtilff,  but  iHH»rly  cultivated.  Whcut  and  ImrK-y  are 
Iho  princi|>al  priHiuctit;  but  grn|M>a,  olivcH,  alinondt,  dati'a, 
and  other  fruits,  aro  miicd  in  perfection. 

8.  Tho  fon!ign  romnwrc/*  of  tho  Itnrbnry  •talc«  It  very 
limited,  and  much  burdened  with  arbitrary  exactions.  Thir 
esporta  conaiat  principally  of  tho  raw  produce  of  the  noil. 
Tho  moat  active  trnfTic  ia  that  cjirried  on  by  the  caravan* 
with  the  interior  country  aoulh  of  tho  Great  Dcaort. 

4.  Piracy  waa  once  tho  chiof  employment  of  the  people 
of  thia  n-gion.  Muny  veHstila  were  cn|>tur»'d,  nnd  numlxM-a 
of  European  and  Americoh  auilora  were  enslaved  by  them; 
but  thia  pnicticc,  ao  long  permitted  to  the  diagraco  of  Chria> 
tendom,  hoa  ceaaed. 

5.  B«'h«ry  ii  inhabUtd  by  MvetKi  U  uu.i  t  r/»"  i.  Tho  Moor»,  who 
■ro  the  ii  ling  jK'opIo,  inhabit  tho  to'*n*  J'lc  .'  ibi,  oriKln")/  f  n 
tho  Oreat  liuicrt,  livo  in  tents;     .1     '    ^>  '*.       and  n^rain.     i.i  .o- 

BarUry.  Q.  —  I  ■  What  doea  Barbary  inelado  7     9.  What  ni  <uik 
tslna   in  thii  country  T     What  ia  aaid  i<f  tho  climato?    80II,  aici 
ProducU  ?    3.  Cotniuerca  T    4.  Piracy  /    i.  Describa  the  Mv  r*.    I 


MHMal 


aaaa 


«jMii-i<i.>ii»«r 


mo 

tj 

ui  r 
7 

•  in) 

nmii 
oTfl 


9^ 


0. 

It  i.nc 
a  i.at 
(an  0 

10. 
Itoven 

Barbel 


riiv> 


I  Afrifii  whioh  'inc;Iu<I«« 
to^rthrr  with  lh«)  inln- 

mil  or  I)UU<!4, 

tiM  Motintnina :  b(<twm.'n 
,  anil  tho  aoil  i«  gttiuv 
lrVh<'(»t  and  ImrK-y  aw 
iilivcit,  alinunda,  «laU>», 
>n. 

rtnrbiiry  tlatim  Ii  vrry 
•ilrary  oxnctions.  Thi> 
w  prcKluco  of  thfl  noil, 
ed  un  by  the  caravoiu 
Great  Doaort. 
ploymfint  of  tho  people 
:(ipturc(l,  ntid  numlMM^ 
ore  cnHlnvid  by  th»;m; 
)  tho  dingraco  of  Chri»> 

I I  tiir<i,  Tho  Moore,  who 
!'l'^  ,t  >bi,  originn)'/  f  '  n 
'  '<«       and  grain,    iit  .«- 

nelude?     9.  What  ni  mik 
r  tho  climate?    Boil,  tto 
i.  Deacritw  the  .Msr  ri.    C 


m 

«'^lm.u""'-n  "  •'*''  '"  "r '-'• "-  *■""•".  ''"W"".  A" .  ar.  c„r(^ 

r^^^fl^^c-J:-^^^^       ^ ^ 

orri".",  '•     '"  *'""'*•'•'•  "'»  ""-lyttuard  «f  11^  .u|,.„  „  ,.„„p^,d 
a  Kftflii  and  PifuUliM  9/i\t  0«r&4ry  A^im. 


MnroHM. 
Al(l«ri. . 
TuiiK... 

Trtpolt 

■•■••I  *l  JtrM 


t (t(*  I 


•  •t  itit  *t . f .. 

••'•••••• 

•  (•••Ill), ••,,,,, ,,,,,, 

•  • *  *• ii»f  I,,,,, ,, ,,,,.. 


IWMItlll 

WMimi 
Al.iJiiU 
imiimH 

14)1,111111 


a.nno.fliin  1314 
.  !»»>  ram    Ml  a 

I  •DMIMNI  M 
•UKKMIII  It 
tXHIIKKl 


Taltl,  ATi'liini      |iillllU,UUO 


IM 


VUw  or  lb.  rum  of  Morocco,  .ntf  (h.  AiIm  Mounliln.. 

THE  EMPIRE  OF  MOROCCO. 

©.  Monocco  18  the  moat  important  of  tho  Barbary  powcm. 

It  i.nclude|i  tho  kinRfioms  of  Morocco  and  PVz;  anrUms  alan 

0  i  ominal  control  over  those  of  Suso  and  Tafdolt.     The  auL 

tan  or  cmporor  is  a  despot,  whoao  will  in  law. 

10.  Thli  empiro  it  Inm  flourishinn  than  forinrrly ;  tho  acU  of  It. 
(twommont  aro  calcuUtod  to  di.eouraV  .grjculturc.^and  every  br.nS 

ataU  in  DarbaryT    Tho  next  in  extent  7     I„  (wpiUalion  ?    S/Wtla 


SOS 


DBSCRirTIVK  OBOORAFHT. 


of  iM^ftil  indurtry ;  and  iU  romincfco  ii  now  nMctt  dtJlroycd.  The 
rnlv  iinporUint  manufacture  U  tba  of  Morocco  leathor.  wh.cli  owing 
proWbirto  local  circum.tanceis  !■  superior  to  -ny.'!'»^° ''"f,"'''*"-. . 

11  The  ci'y  of  Morocco,  Uio  cajntal,  is  iituatod  in  a  fc't'lo.  thickly 
wooded  pldn,iioar  the  foot  of  the  Atl^  Mour.lain.,  180  miles  i.om 
UiVHoa.  It  i«  enclosed  by  a  wall,  and  is  h  irroundcd  by  nun.ernus 
ewdons.  Fez,  230  mil ).  nearly  north  of  Mmocoo,  i«  the  largest  city 
fn  the  empire,  and  was  fo.-  a  time  the  mopt  sphndid  of  western  Aflrica ; 
it  is  now  much  decayed,  and  a  great  portion  of  it  is  m  ruins. 

18  MequinoE  is  occasionally  the  rcsiJonco  of  the  sultan.  Its  in. 
habitanu  are  the  most  civJUwid  and  liuraono  of  any  in  the  empire. 
Moeadoro,  or  Swcara,  is  tliO  chief  sea-port.  Rabat  is  ouo  of  the  most 
imMrtaiit  towns  on  the  coast  SaUoo,  almost  adjoining  it,  was  long 
^d  for  its  piracies,  but  i,  now  nearly  dcswted.  Tangier  and  Ceuta 
Iw  to*m.  situated  on  the  Etrdit  of  Gibraltar  The  first  is  the  res^ 
denc«  of  Uio  foreign  consuls ;  the  other  has  belonged  to  Spain  smce 
the  year  1640. 

Mflo  Ab.  25.  — What  bound*.  Morocco  north?  M..Sa.  —  Sou'h 7 
G..Dt.-EaBt?  \s.,  B..Jd.,  G..Pt.-What  strait  separates  it  from 
SoainT  Gi.-What  islands  west  of  Morocco?  Ma.,  Cy.  —  What 
Mu. extend  Uirough  Morocco?  As.  — The  principal  peak?  M.-Miv 
-How  high  is  It?  Population  of  Morocco?  Fez?  Meouinw? 
Rabat?  Moga**"'"'  Santa  Cruz?  How  (kr  ftom  Morocco  to  J  lorida? 

THE  COLONY  OF  ALGERIA,  OR  ALGIERS,  &c. 

1.  AI.QIERB  occupies  the  country  of  the  ancient  Numidia, 
Its  inhabitants  were  once  the  most  daring  pirates  in  Barbary, 
and  committed  such  depredations  on  the  seas  as  rendered  the 
name  of  Algerine  a  terror  to  southern  Europe. 

a  In  the  vear  1815  Commodore  Decatur  chastised  the  Algerine^ 
Bri'compelleil  the  Dey  to  pay  60,000  doUars,  a.  an  indemnity  to  the 
^ited  aate-.  In  the  followina' year  Lord  Exmouth  cannonaded  the 
X  of  Algiers  with  a  powe'-ibl  British  fleet,  and  compeUed  the  govern, 
moat  to  Uberate  all  the  Christian  slaves.  -.     .    «.     j  .    .u  • 

TThe  French  in  1830,  on  account  of  an  afftont  offered  to  their 
»3on8ul.  landed  an  army  of  3B/)00  men,  and  took  the  capital.  They 
Wl  in  it  nearly  10  million  dollars  in  money,  besides  ships' stores 
ud  ammunition.  This  conquest  has  entailed  a  vast  expense  on  France, 
SicMo  repel  the  incessant  attacks  of  Uie  Arabs  and  Kabyles  of  the 
taterior,  she  has  to  maintain  an  army  of  80,000  men. 

ia  Morocco?    10.  What  is  said  of  its  condition?    11.  Describe  the 
«^«v  of  Morocco.    Fez.    12.  Mequincz,  and  the  other  towns, 
%«r"    Q.-1    What  is  saii  of  Algeria?    Its  inhabitant. ?    I 
Whaf took  place  in  1815?    In  the  following  year?    3.  In  1830 
WhM  was  foand  in  the  capKal  7    What  is  said  of  the  conquest,  &c  ? 


iwiOtniiuWjW 


i*i»Cttii«ss»(««s*«a»i«sjr^i^^ 


r 


AFHT. 

)W  ulmott  dtJlroycd.  The 
)CCO  leather,  whicli,  owing 
to  »ny  made  cUcwlicre. 
lituatcd  in  a  fertile,  thickly 
VIour.tainR,  180  miles  k.om 
h  irroundcd  by  numerous 
Morocco,  ia  the  lurgcut  ciiy 
Bpkndid  of  wcstorn  AfVica ; 
m  of  it  ii  in  ruini. 
nco  of  tho  lultan.  Iti  in- 
lino  of  any  in  tho  empire 
Rabat  ii  ouo  of  tiio  moat 
lOit  adjoining  it,  v.a»  long 
«rtcd.  Tangier  and  Ceuta 
tar.  Tho  first  is  the  resi- 
■  belonged  to  Spain  since 

north?  M..Sa.  — Sou'h? 
lat  strait  separates  it  frotn 
rocco?  Ma.,  Cy.  — What 
9  principal  peak?  M.-Mn. 
•occo  ?  Fez  7  Meguinex  ? 
,r  ftom  Morocco  to  Florida  ? 


OR  ALGIERS,  &c. 
of  the  ancient  Numidia, 
iring  pirates  in  Barbary, 
the  seas  as  rendered  the 
ti  Europe. 

tur  chastised  the  Algerines, 
irs,  as  an  iodemnity  to  the 
■d  Exmouth  cannonaded  the 
3t,  and  compelled  the  govern. 

f  an  afiVont  offered  to  their 
md  took  the  capital.  They 
noney,  besides  ships*  stores 
led  a  vast  expense  on  France, 
0  Arabs  and  Kabyles  of  the 
80,000  men. 

ondition?    11.  Describe  the 
ind  the  other  towns. 
jrnria?    Its  inhabitants?    SL 
llo\/ing  year?    3.  In  1830? 
is  said  of  tho  conquest,  &c? 


BARBARY   STATES. 


9on 


<;  The  city  of  Algiers  is  about  500  miles  eastward  of  the  Straiti 
of  Gibraltar.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  carriei 
■jn  a  considerable  trade.  Algiers  is  now  partly  a  French  and  partly  a 
Moorisli  city ;  full  half  of  thw  population  being -Europeans. 

5.  Constantina,  Mascara,  and  TIomBcn,  are  thu  most  important 
towns  in  tho  intorioi.  Oran  in  tho  wistcrn,  and  Bona  in  the  eastern 
part  of  tho  country,  aro  the  chief  seo-ports  aftor  Algiers.  Bona  is  the 
seat  of  tho  noted  coral.fishory,  whioh  yields  to  the  value  of  from 
300,000  to  400,000  dollars  annuilly.        ^  uie  vaiue  ot  worn 

6.  TcNia.— -Tunis  is  tho  best  cultivated  part  of  Barbary, 
and  the  inhabitants  are  the  most  civilized  and  industrious 
portion  of  its  popuiation.  Olive-oil  and  wool  are  exported  to 
some  extent,  and  there  is  some  traffic  with  interior  Africa. 
The  Bey  has  recently  abolished  slavery  in  his  dominions. 

7.  Tlie  city  of  Tunis,  the  capital,  is  situated  about  10  mtfis  south, 
west  of  Carthage,  tho  most  renowned  commercial  city  of  ancient  times. 
It  IS  the  largest  place  in  Barbary  j  and  being  no  longer  engaged  in 
piracy,  itit  inhabitants  have  applied  tliemselves  to  manufactures  and 
commerce :  of  the  former  tho  bcretti,  or  ted  caps  of  Tunis,  so  well 
known  all  over  tho  Mediterranean,  are  tho  chief  Kairwnn,  Cabes,  and 
Monastlr,are  the  next  Important  towns. 

8.  Tripoli.— Tripoli  is  the  most  eastern,  and  it  is  also  the 
least  fertile  state  in  Barbary.  The  chief  part  of  its  territory 
is  a  desert ;  but  there  are  some  fertile  districts  altng  the  coast. 

9.  The  people  are  vicious  in  their  habits,  and,  what  is  not  common 
with  Mahomedans,  are  much  addicted  to  drunkenness ;  but  they  are 
more  tolerant  to  Christians  Miai  Mussulmen  usually  are.  An  extensive 
commerce,  by  means  of  caravans,  is  carried  on  witli  the  countries  of 
interior  Africa,  Fezzan,  the  chief  emporium  of  the  '  jvrovan  tribe,  is 
tributary  to  Tripoli.    Barca  and  Augela  also  belong  to  ;t. 

10.  Tripoli,  the  capital,  has  a  good  harbour,  and  carries  on  a  con. 
siderable  commerce.  Tho  streets  are  narrow,  with  low,  mean  houses; 
but  the  palace  of  the  Dey  and  somi  of  the  mosques  aro  handsome 
structures.    Mesurata  is,  next  to  the  ci  >ital,  the  most  important  town. 

11.  Barca. — Barca,  the  ancient  Libya,  belongs  to  Tripoli, 
but  is  separated  from  it  by  an  extensive  desert.  It  was  in 
ancient  times  noted  for  its  fertility,  but  hardly  any  part  of  its 
soil  is  now  cultivated.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Arobs, 
who  M'ander  about  the  country  with  their  flocks  and  herds. 


■1.  Describe  the  city  of  Algiers.  5.  Constantina,  Axs.  6.  Tunis.   7.  The 
capital    Other  towns.    Tripoli.    What  is  said  of  the  people  ?    Com 
merce  ?    10.  The  capital  ?    11.  Barca  7    12.  Ruins,  &c.  ?    Augnla  ? 


^f .tejit^fcpwwiw'iw '-  ■'? 


r 


i'i»isisi&l!^is^!mi:f>^igsaimii^immmm 


19.  The  raiiu  of  ancient  eltiee  are  nnmerone;  of  theee,  Cjrrene. 
with  lU  Necropolie,  or  city  of  the  torabe,  it  the  mort  intereetins;. 
DeriM  and  Bengasi  are  the  only  placei  that  can  be  called  towns.  The 
fint  waa  captured  by  the  American  vcncral,  Eaton,  in  1805.  Angola, 
an  oasia,  300  mUea  iouth  of  the  Mediterranean  tea,  is  liunoos  for  its 


Map  No.  Si&.  — What  bounds  Algiers  north  T  M.-Sa.  —  South  T 
B.Jd.  — East?  Ts.— West?  Mo.— What  Mts.  in  the  south 7  As. 
—  How  lobg  arc  they  7  Populetion  of  Algiers?  Constaniine?  Bona? 
Oran?  What  bounds  Tunis  north?  M.^a.  — South?  B.Jd.— 
East?  M.Au,  Ti.— West?  As.— What  cape  north?  Ba.— What 
lake  south  7  Lh.— Popdlatknn  ofTunis?  Kairwan?  What  bounds 
TripoU  north?  M..8a.  —  South 7  G.-Dt— West?  Ts.,  B,Jd.— 
What  gulf  separates  Tripoli  from  Barca  T  Sa.  —  Population  of  Tripoli? 
What  bounds  Barca  north  7    M..Sa.  —  South  7    L.-Dt.  — East?    Et 

■West?    6..fla. 

203— 

THE  BELED  EL  JERID,  &.e. 

1.  Thb  Beled  el  Jerid,  or  Land  of  Dates,  stretches  along 
the  northeia  edge  of  the  Gi«at  Desert,  from  the  Atlas  Moun- 
tami  on  the  west,  to  the  frontiers  of  Tripoli  on  the  east. 

9.  The  soil,  iKTUgh  dry  and  arid,  produces  dates  in  abundance, 
which  form  this  chw  article  of  food.  This  region  comprises  several 
Vetty  states,  which  a'e  peopled  Ij  varions  tribes  of  Berbers  and  Arabs. 

BtUi  tt  Jtrid.  Q^l.  What  '<s  said  of  the  Beled  el  Juid  1   9.  SoU; 


wri»giiiwr-Brfr''iT-i""'-"  - 


r 


PHT. 


\r^r 


iroiu;  of  thsM,  Cjrrene. 
it  the  most  interMtin^. 
ui  be  called  town*.  The 
Baton,  in  1805.  Aujrela, 
m  aea,  is  liunoiw  for  iti 


irthT  M.-Sa.  — South? 
Mts.  in  tlie  louth  7  Ai. 
I?  ConitantineT  Bona 7 
Ba.  —  South  7  B.-Jd.  — 
ipe  north 7  Ba.— What 
Lairwan  7  What  boundi 
-Wort 7  Ti.,  B.Jd,— 
—  Population  of  Tripoli  7 
tT    L..Dt.  — Eart?    Et 


D,  &c. 

Dates,  stretches  niong 
from  the  Atlas  Moun- 
ripoli  on  the  east. 

leee  datee  in  abundance, 
region  comprisoa  several 
be*  of  Berbers  and  Arab*. 

BeledelJuidt   9.SoU; 


THE   GREAT   AFRICAN    DESERT. 


311 


3.  Nearly  all  the  towns  are  surrounded  by  walls,  and  are  inhabited 
some  by  two  and  others  by  throe  difTcront  tribes.  They  are  in  conse- 
quence divided  into  corro-iponditiff  sections.  Furious  contests  often 
occur  between  tho  tril)es  in  these  towns,  in  which  event  the  vntes 
connectinjr  the  different  quarters  are  closed,  until  peace  is  restored. 
Bighwattt,  Tugifurt,  and  Gadames,  are  tho  principal  towns. 


THE  GREAT  DESERT. 

4.  The  Great  Desert  stretches  from  the  Atlantic  ocean 
almost  to  the  river  Nile.  It  is  composed  of  vast  sandy  plains 
swept  by  hot  wmds,  and  parched  by  a  burning  sun. 

5.  The  Desert  is  here  and  there  diversified  with  watered 
and  fertile  spots,  called  oant;  of  these,  Fezzan,  Tibesty. 
Bilmah,  Agdass,  and  Tuat,  are  the  principal.    That  part  of 

ii^T'rT'^  extending  from  Fezzan  to  the  Atlantic  is 
called  by  the  Arabs  the  Sahara,  while  the  eastern  and  smaller 
section  IS  most  usually  termed  the  Libyan  Desert. 

6.  Fezian  is  the  largert  of  tlie  oaMa,  and  is  tributary  to  TrioolL 
It  IS  principally  important  a.  the^enSo  of  the  caravaitrLle  Ita 
«l'^m^,fe*.?  ""•'""P'l/i  ''O.OPOJ  they  posses,  but  little  energ;.  and 
are  ™pcrfectly  acquamted  with  the  arta.  Mourzuk,  the  capital,  a 
small  mud-wafled  town,  i.  600  miles  nearly  south  from  SripSi 

the  Tuarioks.    The  former  are  as  black  aa  negroeij;  but  of  a  difibreut 

8tate^  Ac.  7    3.  Towns  7    4.  Describe  the  Great  Desert    5.  How  is 
Udmrs>fied7    What  is  the  Sahara,  Ac  7   6.  Whati.«SdofFe^I 


i8SS9«egiB*g*»8ft-:*w*»rJ 


312 


DBWrniPTIVK  OBOGRAPIIY. 


lUPMt.  Bilmah  tppoarf  to  bo  thoir  principal  dliUiot  The  Tuariok* 
^UU,  handwrne  race,  will)  bright  -parhliiiB  eyn»,  and  complMloM 
but  little  darker  flian  louthem  Europeana.  Agdaaa  and  Tirabuotoo 
an  laid  to  bo  in  thoir  poeicMion. 

a  In  crowing  the  Great  Dcgort,  travollcra  aro  often  plundered  by 
the  inhabitanU ;  their  livc»  b1»o  aro  ondangored  by  the  aand  blown  up 
by  tomp«»t«,  which  filU  ond  darlioni  the  uir,  and  throatona  to  aufrocate 
ud  overwhelm  thorn.  The  occaaional  failuroa  of  water  at  the  uaual 
•topping-placoi,  it  liliowiie  often  attended  witli  fatal  conioquencea ; 
from  the  latter  cauae,  in  the  year  1805,  a  caravan  of  1800  camelf,  and 
3000  men,  periihed  with  thirit 

9.  On  tlio  ioa-coaat  of  the  Deaert  aro  vari""*  wandering  and  preda- 
tory tribes,  who  often  moot  with  a  rich  booty  <  the  voMcla  alnpwreoked 
on  their  ahorei,  and  which  are  alwaya  plundered  with  the  groateat 
avidity.  In  different  parU  of  the  Deiort  there  aro  mines  of  «>ok  aa^t ; 
the  eztenaWo  demand  for  which  in  Soudan  cauaci  tlie  aurfkee  of  thia 
dreuy  region  to  be  enlivened  by  the  paaaage  of  numerous  caravans. 


lb*  iVe.35.— How  is  the  Beled  el  Jerid  bounded  T  How  is  the 
Grmit  Desert  bounded  ?  What  tribes  are  in  Uie  centre  7  Ts.,  Ts.  — 
On  the  west  t  Ms.,  Ws,  Ts.,  Bs.  —What  salUmiucs  are  in  the  Owat 
Desert?  Ty»Tt,  An.— Whatoaaes  aro  in  tho  Great  Desert 7  Fn., 
Ty,  Bh,  aI,  Tt,  Aa.,  8h.,  E.Dl.,  E.Kh.-What  countr*  in  the 
south  T  Lr. — How  long  and  wide  is  the  Groat  Desert  ?  VPjat  oanwi 
are  oo  the  coast 7    Br.,  Ba  —  How  fkr  la  it  to  Mexico 7    TJt;kUt 


THE  REGION  OP  THE  NILE. 


\, 


1.  The  Region  of  the  Nile  includes  all  that  part  of  Africa 
watered  by  the  river  Nile  and  its  tributaries;  comprising 
Egypt,  Nubia,  Abyssinia,  Kordofan,  Darfur,  and  Fertit. 


EGYPT. 


,.e 


2.  Eo¥PT  is  celebrated  for  its  great  antiquity,  and  the  early 
rivilization  of  its  inhabitants.  Its  mighty  pyramids,  splendid 
obelisks,  and  the  ruins  of  its  ancient  cities,  all  attest  its  former 
magnificence.  It  includes  the  Bahari,  or  Lower,  the  Vostani, 
or  Central,  and  the  Said,  or  Upper  Egypt. 

7.  The  Tiboooo7     TuaricksT    8.  Travellers  7     9.  The  sco-coast? 

The  Region  of  the  Me.  Q.  —  l.  What  does  the  region  of  the  Nile 

ndude?    8.  What  u  said  of  Egypt?    3.  Of  iU  present  ruler?    The 


r« 
th 
ai 
fr 
flc 

ov 

Wl 

eo 

00 

eh 

rei 

nu 

HCI 

Et 

Af 
tor 

asl 
an 
10< 


•01 

Jii 


,iji>i».t)!im»ii»r>iiwsglliiiwf  1  nw 


ii»<IM'  »IU!ii<»BWWi)!WWI«iWWIIlBM»- 


IIY. 

iitriot.  The  Tuariokn 
r  nyna,  iinil  complexiooa 
!gd«M  and  Timbuotoo 

re  often  plunderod  by 
by  the  land  blown  up 
id  throiitoni  to  luffboate 
of  wator  At  the  uiua) 
til  fatal  conioquencei ; 
in  of  1800  comeb,  and 

I  wandering  and  preda- 
the  voMola  ahipwreokcd 
srod  with  the  greatest 
are  minca  of  rock  aalt; 
laci  Uie  lurfkee  of  thia 
r  numerous  caravana. 


bounded  1  How  ia  the 
ho  centre  7  Ti^Ta.— 
Umiuea  are  in  the  Great 
Iho  Ureal  Deaort?  Fn^ 
-What  country  in  the 
itDciert7  Vlhat  cape* 
Mexico?    TdtjiiU? 


1  NILE. 

ill  thftt  part  of  Africa 
butaries;  compriaing 
rfur,  and  Fertit. 


atlquity,  and  the  early 
ty  pyramids,  splendid 
38,  all  attest  its  former 
ir  Lower,  the  Vostani, 
pt. 

ra7     9.  The  aca-ooaat? 

I  the  region  of  tlie  Nile 

its  present  ruler  7    The 


■OYPT. 


313 


8.  It  18  nominally  a  Turkish  pashalic;  but  the  Pacha  has 
rendered  himself  independent,  and  is  introducing  into  Egypt 
the  arts,  learning,  and  civilization  of  Europe,  The  prople 
are,  however,  groaily  oppressed;  they  are  frequently  torn 
from  their  families,  and  compelled  to  serve  in  the  armies  or 
fleets  of  their  des|X)tic  ruler. 

4.  Egjrpt  ;•  naturalU  barren,  and  owea  all  iU  ftrtility  to  the  annual 
overflowing  of  the  Nile,  and  to  the  fertile  mud  left  on  the  land  by  its 
waters.  Agriculture  is  dil:gcnUy  pursued ;  and  in  many  parts  of  the 
eountrj;  throe  crops  of  some  products  are  raised  annually.  Indian 
oorn,  rice,  wheat,  sugar-cane,  indigo,  tobacco,  cotton,  &o_  are  the 
chief  productions.  Rain  u  frequent  in  Lower,  but  is  of  rare  occur 
renco  in  Upper  Egypt 

5.  The  inhabitant  are  of  various  races.  The  Arabs  are  tlie  moat 
numerous!  the  Turks  are  ^lo  ruling  people ;  Uie  CopU  are  the  de- 
Bcendants  of  the  ancient  Egyptians.  There  are  also  some  Jews  and 
Europeans :  the  latter  are  chiefly  in  the  service  of  the  government 

6.  The  foreign  poaaessions  of  Egypt  are  Nubia  and  Kordofan,  in 
Africa  ;  togellier  with  the  islands  of  Cyprus  and  Candia,  in  the  Medi- 
torranean  Sea.    The  population  of  the  whole  state  is  about  5  millions. 

7.  Egypt  abounds  in  remarkable  antiquities.  The  pyramids  are 
astonianmg  monuments  of  human  labour :  the  largeat  is  500  feet  high, 
and  iU  base  covers  H  acres  of  ground.  Ancient  historians  state  that 
100,000  men  were  employed  for  20  years  in  its  construction,* 

"oople  7     4.  The  soil  7    Agriculture  7    Products  7     5.  The  inhab't- 
jiU7    6.  Foreign  possessions  7    7.  lu  what  dw    E^ypt  Uwuwit 

ap 


T 


■Mmifs^miammittsiKmiig^ittiia:«i»!m!r'!i 


814 


DCWRirriVB   OBOORArilY. 


8.  At  1  (leboi,  in  Upper  Kgypt,  are  rnmuini  which  fill  the  beholdet 
with  Mtonithmeint.  AInioiit  lli"  whole  extent  of  8  milc»  klong  the 
rlwr  it  covered  with  nugniiiccnt  portal*,  docorated  with  «c«lpturo, 
fbtmtM  of  coliuniis,  and  long  »vonuca  of  coluncol  ttatuet. 


The  peat  iquare  In  Cairo. 

ft  Cairo,  the  capital  of  Egypt,  ia  on  the  rirer  Nile,  130  milea  from 
Iha  aea.  Itiatho  largeatcity  in  Africa;  and  ia  called  Muar  by  ita 
tahaMtanta.  The  atrccU  are  yery  narrow ;  doga  are  numcroua ;  and 
oamela  and  aaaea  are  uaed,  inatead  of  wheel  carriagea,  for  carrying 
burden*.  Tliere  arc  400  moaquca,  bcaidca  a  number  of  other  public 
building*.  Many  achooln,  hoepitala,  fiictorica,  Stc,  have  been  eata. 
bliahed  by  the  present  Pacha.  Most  European  nations  have  consuls 
here ;  and  hotels  are  kept  on  the  plan  of  those  in  London  and  Paria. 

10.  Alexandria  wai  one  of  the  most  celebrated  citiea  of  ancient 
timet,  and  long  the  trn  of  the  arta  and  sciences.  AJler  being  for 
aMt  in  a  state  of  decay,  it  is  at  length  reviving.  It  it  now  the  chief 
•M-port  and  naval  station  of  Egypt:  vessels  of  nearly  every  European 
nation  are  to  be  found  in  ita  harbour;  and  Btcairi-lnjaU  run  to  all  the 
principal  porta  and  islands  in  the  Mediterranean.  iJimietta  and 
Rotetta  ai«  the  chief  towns  in  Lower,  and  Siout  and  Girgo  in  Central 
Egypt    Suei  and  Cknaeir,  on  the  Red  scdi  possess  some  U&ca. 


Map  No.  36*— What  bounda^  Egypt  on  the  north  t 


M..8a.  — South  ^ 

Na.— East?  R.-Sa.— West?  (S..'Dt— What  river  flows  through 
Egypt  7  Ne.  —  How  long  is  it  t  What  isthmus  connecta  Egypt  with 
Arabia  T  B«.  —  How  w'de  is  it  7  What  is  the  country  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Nile  called 7  Pa.— What  it  a  Delta 7  (See  papre  72.)  What 
it  the  population  of Cdiro 7  Damietta7  Alexandria7  Siout?  Rof>otta7 
Cotteir7  8uei7  What  three  oaaet  are  included  in  Eg;rpt7  Sli,,E..Dl., 
E..Kh.  -Hvhat  it  on  the  wett  tide  of  the  Nile  near  Cairo7  Ft.  —What 
ruint  ara  in  the  touth  part  of  Egypt  7  Tt. 

8    Tetcribc  TlKrbc-      f    Cuiro.     10.  Alexandria.      Dankietta,  Slo. 


nr 

of 

Ti 

IIU 

in 

to 
bn 
II. 

i 

Be 

not 

aro 
Lul 

« 
wai 
ini 
roe 
doc 
is  t 

1 
to 
cati 
im{ 

6 
yea 
wet 
rcp( 
iiati 


( 

mo 

situ 

bia. 
tec 


,.tiaMmm»,.  iiiiwii  maimi 


■  which  All  the  beholdet 
mt  of  8  mile*  along  th« 
lecurated  with  icnlpturiH 
tal  itAtuai. 


irer  Nile,  130  mile*  from 
nd  it  called  Miur  by  it* 
dog*  are  numcrouif  and 
cl  carriage!,  for  carrying 
\  number  of  other  public 
iet,  Sic,  have  been  eata- 
Ban  nations  have  conaula 
M  in  London  and  Paiia. 

ebrated  cities  of  ancient 
ciences,  Ailer  being  (or 
ing.  It  it  now  the  chief 
of  nearly  every  European 
toairitHmlt  run  to  all  the 
erranean,  I'Miiietta  and 
3iout  and  Girgc  in  Central 
potiioss  some  tra>  o, 

g north?  M.-Sa.  —  South ' 
i^hat  river  flows  through 
imuB  connects  Egypt  with 
the  country  at  the  mouth 
7  (See  page  72.)  What 
xandria7  Siout?  Rof>otta7 
dcd  in  Egypt  7  Sh.,E..DU 
lenearCuro7  Ps.~What 


exandria.      Dankietta,  8lo. 


*«w%l 


irvBiA,  AnvuntiA. 


IM 


■2M 


mJBIA,  ABVSSINIA,  &o. 

1.  Nubia  is  an  oxtcnsivo  region,  composed  chiefly  of  rocky 
and  sandy  deserts.  Since  1821  it  iios  belonged  to  the  Pacha 
of  Kgypt.    It  comprises  two  divisions,  Upjwr  and  Lower  Nubia. 

2.  Lower  Nubia,  or  Nubia  Proper,  extends  from  the  river. 
Tacazze  northward  to  Egypt.  Its  only  productive  soil  is  a 
iiurrow  strip  chil^ly  on  the  wsst  side  of  the  Nile,  which  is 
irrigated  by  water  raised  from  the  river. 

3.  Upper  Nubia  extends  southward  from  the  Tocazze  river 
to  Abyssinia.  It  is  watered  by  the  tributaries  of  the  eastern 
branch  of  the  Nile,  but  is"  indiflbrcntly  cultivated.  Scnnaar 
Halfay,  and  Shendy,  are  iu  chief  districts. 

i.  The  Nubians  Projicr,  or  inhabitants  of  Lower  Nubia,  are  of  the 
Berber  race ;  the  people  of  the  desert  are  Arabs.  The  latter  were 
noted  robbers,  but  are  now  kept  in  check  by  the  Pacha  of  Egypt 

5.  The  remains  of  ancient  temples  are  common  in  NuCia.  TheM 
are  cither  under  ground  or  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock.  That  of  Ipsam- 
bul  it  l).c  most  splendid,  and  rivals  any  of  the  Egyptian  monument*. 

6.  Derr  is  considered  the  .  iipital  of  Lower  Nubia.  New  Dongola 
wot  the  capital  of  the  Mamelukes,  after  their  expulsion  IVom  Egypt 
in  1813.  Shendy  it  a  mted  tlave-markot  i  near  it  are  the  ruint  of  Mo- 
roe,  a  noted  ancient  city.  Scnnoar  was  once  a  largo  city,  but  is  now 
decayed.  Khartoom  wo*  lately  founded  by  the  Egyptiaiw.  Suakem 
I*  tlie  port  where  pilgrims  from  the  interior  take  passage  for  Mecca. 

7.  Darfur  is  a  dry,  sandy  country,  but  the  tropical  rains  cause  it 
(o  produce,  to  some  extent,  wheat  and  millet,  (^amcls,  horses,  and 
cattle,  abound.  Bkrooo,  or  VVauay,  lyin^  westward  from  Darfur,  is 
imperfectly  known,  but  is  raported  to  be  well  peopled. 

8.  KoKooFAN,  situated  westward  of  Sonnaar,  wa*  coHiuered  in  the 
year  1820  by  the  Pucha  of  Egypt.  Its  soldiers,  like  Mm  of  Bornou, 
wear  armour  in  time  of  war.  IttLtn  and  Donqa  are  known  only  by 
report:  the  former  is  said  to  abound  in  copper.  The  Shilluks  are  a 
nation  of  negroes,  of  unusual  size  and  strength. 

ABYSSINIA. 

9.  Abyssinia,  the  ancient  Ethiopia,  is  a  country  of  ragged 
mountains,  intersected  by  deep  and  fertile  valleys.  Though 
situated  in  the  torrid  zone,  the  climate  is  generally  temperate. 

Ifubia,  tfc.  Q.  —  1.  What  is  said  of  Nubia  7  2.  Describe  Lower  Nu- 
bia.  3.  Upper  Nubia.  4.  The  inhabitant*.  6.  Ancient  temples.  6.  Derr 
&c    7.  Darfur,  Atu.    8.  Kordofen,  dto.    9.  Abyssinia.     10.  What  is 


-^tumsimmiimm' 


...  ■  J    ■■ 


tie 


DMCBimVB  OBOOBArUV. 


WhoRt,  hnrloy,  nntl  tMY^n  vwy  ■mnll  Kmin,  are  the  chief 
produi'iM ;  ftnd  huIi  ia  tho  princii>al  mineral. 

10.  Tlio  people  uro  in  mme  rcupccl*  miiHri-.r  to  th«  nMion*  tround 
lliem :  y«t  Ihnir  mnniKrii  aro  criirl  tnd  Urontioui.  At  lh«ir  h>m<t» 
Ihfly  c»t  raw  flo.h.  out  IV..ni  tlio  wiimal  wliilo  y.t  w«rm.  Human  lifn 
to  but  lillle  regarded.  InUaication  is  (>«qul;n^  a  plurality  of  wivoa  ii 
oommun,  and  groat  dupravity  of  maimoM  proviiiU, 
•  n.  Tho  roligion  ia  A  corrupt  kind  of  Cliri.tianity,  Infermixrd  will. 
»ewi»h  riloa  and  ccromonlei.  (:ireurncii.ion  i«  practlwd;  lin|>ti»iii 
and  the  Urd'a  huppcr  arn  adniini«t«rod,  and  Saturday  and  Sunday  ar.i 
Ix.th  obacrvcd  at  a  •iibbath.  The  churolm.  art)  much  adorned  will, 
paintingi.  Fiearning  ia  extremely  limited,  being  oonflued  to  the 
prieaU,    and    coniioulod  principally  with  their  ayatcm  of  religion. 

19.  Abyaainia  waa  formerly  unlet  oi\o  government,  but  now  com 
priaca  throe  divi»i..n..-Tigrc,  Amhnra,  and  Slioa,  or  8hw«  »n  the 
year  1841  an  emb.-iH«y  woa  acnt  to  Shoa  by  tho  Hrlliali  baat  Indja 
ComiNmy.  So.no  of  the  nouthern  and  woHforn  province*  of  A hyHiiiia 
have  been  conquered  by  the  Oalla,  a  moat  furocioua  and  brutal  people, 
who  in  Uieir  iiicuraiona  aparo  neither  ago  nor  acx. 

19.  OonBar,  Ihc  capital  of  Amlmro,  waa  onco  th«  largoat  city  and 
eapiUl  of  Abyaainia :  it  now  containa  only  COOO  inhabilanla,  hut  covera 
a  groat  extent  of  ground.  It  ia  in  the  handa  of  tho  Oalla.  Antalo  and 
Adowa  arc  tho  other  principal  town*.  Axum,  the  ancient  capital  ..I 
Abyaainia,  ia  now  in  ruina,  but  ia  remarkable  tor  ita  anti.juilica.  Man. 
Buah,  which  bolonga  to  Egypt,  ia  the  aea-port  of  Abyaainia. 

llfopJVb.2«,— How  ia  Nubia  bounded?  What  river  in  Nubia? 
No.  — Doaort?  Nn.— What  ia  the  |)opulatio..of  Khartoom?  Scunaar? 
Suakem?  Shcndy?  New  Dongola?  ««"?  What  b.iundH  Abya- 
ainia  on  Uio  north'?  Na.- South?  Ea.Al.-Eaat?  R.jSa. -WtjU ? 
S«.  —What  lake  in  tho  centre  ?  Da.  — W  hat  river  flowa  from  it  7  ti\. 
—What  ia  the  population  of  Gondar  ?  AnUlo  ?  Moaauah  t  Axuni  7 
What  countriea  lie  wcat  of  tho  Nile ?  Kn.,  Dr.,  Bo. -South  of  Dar- 
ftir?  Ft,  Dnib-What  river  flowa  through  Bergoo?  Md.  — J  Mo  cnpi- 
tela  of  AeaoTbumriea?  It,  Co.,  Wa.-Tho  population  of  tobbe? 
What  towns  ore  on  tho  Nile  ?    On  tho  Bahr  el  Airok  7 

206 ■ 

WESTERN  AFRICA. 
1.  Thh  region  extends  from  the  Great  Desert  to  the  Tropic 
of  Capricorn.    lU  chief  divisions  aro  Scnegambia,  and  Upper 
and  Lower  Guinea.    A  highly  productive  soil,  a  nch  lu.xu- 


■^d  of  the  people  t    11.  Religion  7    19.  Government  7    Dewsribe  the 
Oalla.    13.  Gondar,  and  the  other  town* 


M^ 


i. 


are  the  chief 


I  ^niint 
icral.        • 

rinr  to  the  nation*  tround 
'ontloui.  Al  th«ir  fij«»t» 
lo  yi'l  w»rm.  tlunitn  lifn 
enl,  «  plurality  of  wiviw  ii 
ovitili. 

rUtianlty,  Infermixpd  with 
on  i«  practim'd;  Imptivni 
il  Saturday  and  Sunday  »rn 
g  art)  much  adorned  iritli 
d,  being  confined  to  llio 
leir  ayatein  of  religion, 
ovornmcnt,  but  now  com 
d  8h<ja,  or  8hw«.  In  tlin 
by  tlio  Hritiitli  Kait  Indja 
crn  iirovincc»  <if  AbyiHinia 
brocioui  and  brutul  poopio, 
or  icx. 

onco  the  largoit  city  and 
1000  inhabilanla,  but  covcra 
ia  of  tho  Oalla.  Antalo  and 
um,  tho  ancient  capital  of 
ilu  lor  ita  antii|uilici.  Mu«. 
)rt  of  Abyaainia. 


7  What  rivor  in  Nubia? 
j..of  Khartoom?  Scunaar? 
Brr?  What  bonndM  Abya- 
|.~Eaat?  R..8a.— Wet? 
>at  rivor  flowa  ftom  it  ?  Ni. 
Ulo?  Maaauah?  Axuni  7 
.,  Dr.,  Bo.  —  South  of  I»ur. 
Borgoo?  Md.— TIio  cnpi- 
Tho  population  of  Cobbc  7 
lirol  Axrok? 


RICA. 

rrcat  Desert  to  the  Tropic 
I  Scnegambia,  ond  Upper 
ictive  soil,  a  rich  lu.xu- 

;>o»emment?    Dwwribe  Uw 


tm 


^U^ 


WCMTHM   ^IICA. 


31? 


^iM^ 


rinnco  of  vegetation,  and  a  great  variety  and  abundance  of 
unimals,  distinguish  this  part  of  tho  continent. 

3.  The  inhabitant*  aro  Ignorant  and  barbarou*:  their  chief*  are 
doapotic,  and  in  aomo  jjort*  aro  regarded  by  their  auliject*  a*  a  aaend 
race.  MahomcdaniHin  i<  Hie  religion  of  many  tribe* ;  but  FtliehiNm, 
or  tho  worahip  of  anaken,  liiard*,  and  other  dixgUMting  object*,  i* 
piovulont.    Tho  Muiiomedun  tribca  aro  lea*  barlmrou*  than  tho  other*. 

3.  Tho  «lavo.trudo  ha*  been  carried  on  by  European*  from  tlii* 
region  to  a  greater  eitent  than  from  any  other  part  of  AlVicaj  and, 
notwithatanding  tho  exertion*  mndo  lo  aupproa*  il,  it  *till  continue*. 

BKNEGAMDIA. 

4.  Seneoamhi.v  extends  from  tho  Great  Desert  to  the 
Colony  of  Liberia.  It  contains  a  number  of  small  states,  of 
which  Foota  Jallon,  Bambouk,  and  Soolimnna,  all  in  the  inle- 
rior,  appear  fo  bo  tho  principal.   Bambouk  is  noted  fijr  its  gold. 

5.  Tho  inhabitant*  of  Foota  Jam.on  belong  to  tho  Foulah  nation, 
who  aro  wid(;ly  diapcrsed  over  Western  and  Central  Africa.  They  aro 
tho  nio»t  civiliied  people  of  thia  region,  and  have  dark  olivo  complex, 
lona,  with  high  and  often  ploaaing  feature*.  Tho  JalofTa  and  Mandin 
goe*  are  alao  important  race*,  but  differ  ftom  tho  Foulah*  in  Uioir 
complexion  and  general  appearance. 

6.  The  French,  English,  and  FortugueBO,  have  soltlemonU  e«ta 
blialiod  on  variou*  part*  of  tho  coa*t,  for  tho  purpoio  of  trading  with 
the  native*  for  vlave*,  ivory,  gum-arabic,  and  gold-du«t 

Wtttern  Africa.  Q,  —  l.  Describe  thi*  region.  2.  The  inhabitant*. 
RrUg:on.  .3.  Slave-trade.  4.  What  ia  said  of  Sensgambia  7  5.  Th« 
Foulah*  7    Jaloffs,  &0.7    6.  The  French,  &o.  ? 


xaiMf 


^tiiiM(MitiiiiiiiirMriiiiiiwiiiil«iniiiiiii  m 


m 


DMomirrivB  amaau.Arut. 


COIX)NY  OF  SIERRA  LKONR. 
7.  Thm  Rrituh  Colony  of  Sierra  Leona  woa  Mtabliahed  in 
1787,  for  ths  purpou  of  introducing  iho  (/hriaiian  religion 
and  civilization  into  AlVica,  but  hos  not  roalixed  the  eipiictU' 
tkma  of  .ta  foundora. 

H.  Tlio  bulk  of  the  inhttiilanU  ara  liboraiod  ilavaa,  taken  (Vom  >«)>- 
liirod  •lav«-«lilp«.  I'he  population  U  alxHit  4.1,0<M),  at  whom  not  mutt' 
than  lUU  arc  whitea )  th<  oitrenie  unheallhfljinru  of  iha  chmiUa  rcn 
(luring  it  unaalii  for  thciii  to  reaida  hare.  Freotown,  or  Ht.  tivorfa,  i'> 
Ute  capital  of  Uiorra  lAioiiat  ttiuro  ara  at*o  ti  ur  lU  aiiuUl  tiUayoOi 

REPUBLIC  or  LIBERIA. 

9,  LiHtRiA,  lately  vn  American  colony,  became  In  1847 
•n  independent  KepuhJie.  It  woa  founded  in  16'Jl  by  ihr; 
American  Colonization  Hocicty,  oa  a  place  of  reAim  for  tlw 
fr«e  ncgroea  and  cmnn'iipalod  alavea  of  the  United  ototea. 

10,  Many  have  omia ratod  thither,  and  the  colony  la  in  a  flnuriihing 
condition,  tkivvral  oi  tint  neiKhlNiuring  tribca  have  put  ihoniiclvi-ii 
under  ita  protection,  and  *ro  endeavouring  to  imitate  ita  ouatonia  anil 
loam  its  arta.  The  alavu'trada  haa  boon  aboliiilM;(l  within  the  liniitK 
of  Lil)cria,  Bovorol  vomMla,  huilt  at  Muiiruvia,  triido  along  the  count 
with  the  native  tribes,  for  gohl,  ivory,  palm.ail,  Sl(.^  in  i*xctiango  |!ir 
American  and  European  nianufacturua. 

11,  The  firat  acttlvd  and  chief  town  ia  Monrovia  ;  it  containa  about 
300  houaca,  including  chiirchci,  achoobi,  a  public  library,  &c.  There 
are  aovcral  other  towna  and  aottliinicnta  aituatcd  at  varioua  |tointa  on 
tlio  coaat,  IVoin  the  Ht.  I'aul'a  river  to  Capo  I'ulnioa.  The  tcrrittSrv 
of  Liberia  extends  nionr  the  sea.aliore  about  3U0  miles:  it  contaiiu 
3,500  coloniita,  and  9U,0<)0  natives. 

MapKe.fi!).  —  How  ii  Scncgambia  bounded?  Which  rivcra  arr 
the  principal?  SI.,  Ga,,  Nr.,  It.-Uo.  — How  long  are  tiie  throe  first  ' 
What  capo  on  the  weal?  Vc.  —  Un  tlio  south 7  Pa. — What  Frenin 
BOttlcmrnt  on  thr  Scncgul  river?  8l..Ls. —  Ilritiah  settlement  on  tl  - 
Gambia?  Dt.— What  settlement  on  tho  Rio  Grande?  Po.— Wh  t 
islands  lie  wckI  of  Capo  Vurdo?  CVo. — What  Uritish  colony  in  tld 
south  ?    8..Lc. 

Map  No.  97.  — What  aiv  tho  principal  rivers  of  Liberia  ?    How  long 
.a  tlio  St  Paul'a  river?     Which  is  the  moat  northern  capo  J     Mt. — 
Southern  ?     Ps,  —  There  uro  nine  colonial  towna  —  which  are  they 
Nativo  towns?     What  colony  at  Capo  Palmas  ?    Md. —  At  tho  !»i 
Julin'a  river  ?  Pa.  —  Near  wliut  ca|>o  is  tho  town  of  Monrovia  ?   Mo. 

8i*rra  Ltoni,  Q. — 7,  Describe  Sierra  Leonr.  8.  What  ia  aaid  of 
tlie  inhabiunts  ?  9.  Describe  Liberia.  10.  What  ia  aaid  of  the  colo. 
ny  7  Tho  neighbouring  tribes?  Tho  slave-trade?  11.  The  cluof 
towna,  &c.  ?    flow  far  doaa  t'w  territory  extend  ? 


( 

t 

.    I 
I 

C 

• 

0 

a 


ii( 
'1 

til 

bj 
av 


ar 

N< 


ar 
of 
th 

■I 


itur. 

one  waa  Mtabliahnd  in 

the  ('hriaiinn  rcligton 

>t  rcnlizcd  the  expectu- 

xi  ilavea,  Ukon  (Vom  iM|>- 
l.l.iKM),  tif  whom  luil  more 
VilnrM  lit'  tiin  rlitniU*  ren 
'reoUiwn,  or  Ht.  llootgn,  i'> 
)  ur  lU  aiiioll  fiUtfoa. 

lony,  brrnme  In  1847 
tn(li><l  in  IH'Jl  by  thn 
)lacfl  of  rcAifn  for  tlw 
r  the  United  Statra. 

I  colony  la  In  a  flouriiliing 
Ibca  have  put  ihoniiulvfii 
XI  imitato  ill  ouatoina  and 
lN)lialM!(l  within  Iho  liniitii 
ria,  trii'lo  along  tlio  cimhI 
•oil,  dtt.,  in  pioltango  tiir 

)nrnvia  ;  It  containa  about 
lublic  library,  Slc,  Tliore 
atcd  at  varioiii  |iuinta  on 
u  I'ulniaa.  Tho  tcrrittSry 
>ut  3U0  miloa :  it  contaliu 


nded  T  Which  rivrra  arr- 
long  aro  tlio  throo  firit  ' 

ulh'  IV— Whot  Frcnoi 
llritisli  Mttleincnt  on  tl  -^ 

liotirandc?    P.'.— Whl 

Vltat  Uritiah  colony  in  tU 

sri  of  liibcria  7  How  Ion)( 
it  nurtlicrn  capoj  Mt. — 
town*  —  whicli  are  they  ' 
Imaa7  Md.— At  the  8l 
town  of  Monrovia  7   Mii. 

)onr.  8.  What  la  aaid  of 
.  What  la  aald  of  the  coin- 
ra.trado7  11.  Tho  cliiof 
tend  7 


r 


■■»«^*H 


KffSa  OUNSA. 


S18 


OTW5R  AND  LOWER  GUINKA. 

*•  ^'nu  QviniA  extendi  flrom  Stinogambui  to  DiafVa. 
I  he  cooat  it  d.vi(l,Hl  by  navigator*  into  the  Grain,  Ivory, 
tlold,  and  Slave  ConaU  Mheao  are  >o  named  from  tho  chief 
nbjecta  of  trade  at  the  raepective  placet. 

8.  Bmidea  part  of  tho  colony  of  Lib«ri«,  Ihia  rraion  con. 
.   lama  the  native  king.loma  of  Aahanico,  Dahonwy,  Itenin.  4(0.  j 
alao  aomo  hngliah,  Dutch,  and  Daniah  oettlementa. 

(•.iiTI'„".lV".V*""'  "fl^"**'""  '•  •'•"•ted  to  thd  north  of  the  OoU 
T^h  ""  '""*'  '"'P"f««>»«  "«»'»■  "late  in  WiMtern  Afrina.    The 

Ii',.h       T  '"T*"  """•  "/  "'•  ""•"''""•  "f  '  'il««alion.  but  live.  not. 
withatandinf ,  in  a  «Uta  of  ahookinf  barbarit;-  * 

4.  The  horrid  cuntom  of  «acrificin»  human  bcinf.  at  tho  drceaoe 
of  tho  «,»ero,,„.  „,  any  „f  „.„  ,^  ,»  „„,  i^l  .  ,^ 

'•.wmaaate  the  capital,  are  ne.t  and  well-built.  The  atnaU  ara  aU 
.lamad,  and  are  e«oh  under  the  charfa  of  an  olBcer. 

«.  The  Gold  ()o*aT  conuln.  a  number  -f  European  «>iilemenU  or 
.kctor  0..  founded  for  the  purp„«,  of  tradin,f  wiU.  t/.o  n.li.o,  for  «,ld^ 
dual.  U,e  ,n.-t  valuable  pr.Hluct  of  the  country.     C.ne  (W  CmiVu 

Uonaburg  of  the  Donea  ,•  Uieaa  are  all  forUfled,  and  garriaolied. 

b/a  JifTlkV^T  ilL?'"  ^  »•  •  ^rt"'  "O""'^  ■  it  i.  inhabited 
.«!  Z.  •»«  fcroewua  people,  whoaa  mannera  and  cuit4>ma  era 
avaa  more  eruel  than  tho«)  of  U«  Aahantee*    Aboraey  i.  ihe  capita 

-idered  a  god  in  the  nye,  of  hi.  lubjoctiH  and  ^If  crime.  .„in.t  him 

Negro  town  it  la  remarkably  clean,  and  la  under  judioioua  rcgulaliowl 

LOWER  GUINEA. 

8.  Till  principal  countriea  comprised  in  Lower  Guinea 
are  Loongo,  Congo,  Angolo,  and  Benguela.  Tho  sea-coaat 
of  the«>  countrioa  «  ki^wn  to  navigators  by  tho  name  of 
the  Coast  of  Angola,  or  simply  the  Coast. 

9.  BiAira*.  CataoiwAa.  and  Gaioon.  lying  aouth  of  the  Niver  rivar 
mt  reported  to  be  fertile  and  populoua  c^untriea.  but  arluildo?!?  vilSS 

i  T^%^i  r^^'Jf***}  'i  ?"'*  "^  '"""•"   ""ificeaT     C.M>maMier 
5.  ThaGoldCoaat?    6.  Dahomey 7.  7.  Benin?    a  Deacribe  Uwa. 


HP  DimmtrrtvB  aanoiAmv. 

UitiMn  pmttmn  t  Miwi  rtlniiibi  Mul  •  A-rlila  x'tl  i  (ha  •Ia««.(r«i1«  M 
Mrrlmt  im  to  annM  •alent  ft 'Hit  Ita  chlaf  |iiir(a,  (^btmda  aiwi  l^iangq. 

|i).  (-4IWI.S  Amkx.*,  Hii^uMwi,  siiii  Matsmsa,  an  •liiMleil  to  Um 
•oulhwaril  of  llin  rivvr  i'^»^^m.  'I'lii  wlmU  trgi»n  U  mW  IO  to  (kftiht. 
ttuMfh  111  aiinw  narU  but  lliitilr  |i<'H>M  'l'li.wi  IrrrKnHM  IWft  il* 
eoviirvii  liy  lf«i  l'iirliiifu<'«i«t  in  ll"7,  an.!  I.n.  ■  mr  »tint'  b 
tiwir  aunUuli  bnl  thoir  auilwirUjr  in  tl><  k.i.  rtur  la  immlf  if 

II.  ('*MtNUi  and  M'KiuwA  ar-  . .  ..,,i,„  ,  t«po»t««l  lo  ha  Air  InUmI 
Tlia  InhalillatiU  of  th«^  lallcr  an  mi-i"  >  i»ili«r«t  ntiH  Imliintrlitiiii  Iha 
Itloaci  i(f  Umi  (ifHiat,  vet  iho  BlriM-iotia  I'lialnni  nf  Uiiinnii  imTifini  pm 
«ftlk  tit.  Mal«aili>r  la  llw  |irin.ilial  town  nKolnii.  Ht.  Haul  il<'  Uioiul 
mm!  M.  FvIIiw  do  li«'ii||u<'la  aru  Ihc  >:liu>f  a>a  |i<>rta  In  Aiifola  anil 
Benguola  i  iVmn  thtwt  th«  aUva-lriKl"  U  >  irrinl  mi  lo  ■tuna  c«lvii(. 

It).  Tha  CiMiKiaa  C!ovNT>v  i><ii'  ihI<  o  miU'i  aiiiiiliward  I'ruiii  Dun- 
maUi  lh»  whob  cnaat  la  •  iluwri,  kimI  irtwii  wairr  ia  very  atartn; 
b^  tha  tntrrior  io  a  |»i«toral  (<»uiilry.  'I'lm  itihahitanla  aro  clolht  li  in 
ox-hidaa,  and  ptMavaa  Urir*  horda  ol'  nitlli',  li  lialxMi,  ft  ainaU  UUiui 
on  Uie  ctMut,  hai  Airniahrd  grrat  quaiiltlioa  ol'yuatxh 

♦  

itfan  Afa,  95.— What  b-iimrfa  ('|>)>rf  Uiilnea  on  tlm  north?  Hn. — 
RiHUhf    <l..(Ja.— K«ftT    I„.<l.i.  — W..l(    Mil.,  U. —What  Mu.  on 


Whftt  rivur  dividea  Up|M)r  ironi  i^jwrr  tiiiinea  r    nr.  — wnai 
M|rala".un  uf  Luango  I    Ml.  Malvndor  I    Ht.  Paul  da  UHindu  ?     iluw 
Mr  ia  it  iVuiu  Uuinvft  tu  Bratil  7     From  An|[ola  to  Uraxtl  1 


.2(W. 


BOUTHERN  AFRICA. 

1.  SoiTTiiKHN  ArmcA  compriwt  nearly  all  that  part  of 
tho  continent  which  lio«  noutli  of  thrt  tropic  of  Capricorn.  It« 
•uWivbionu  aro  the  Cap**  Colony,  (.'atfraria,  tho  country  of 
Uin  llolti-nfots,  and  tho  country  of  tho  BoMhuaniw. 

9,  Tho  CAfi  C'oix)N»  waa  a«>ltlcd  by  tha  Dutch  in  IC50.  It  WM 
.wico  roniiimmd  by  Great  Ilritain,  nnif  waa  finally  ront'iriiiDd  .lo  thai 
(lowoir  in  IrtlS.  The  jtopulation  coniil«ta  of  Dutch,  Britiah,  and  HoU 
litntota.  Tha  lattti-  wcro  roriiierly  alavoa,  hMt  were  eiimnciiMtcd  in  tlw 
yvar  IHX).    Tho  inhsbiUnU  amount  tu  160,UU0  in  number. 

3.  Tha  aoil  alonir  llie  cooat  ia  gonoriUly  forlile,  and  productirc  In 
vrain,  wino,  and  iVutU.   In  Uie  interior  ia  Uie  Ureat  Kurroo,  a  dry  plain, 

Juinflft.     9.   Biaftft,  Ac.    10.  Congo,  Ac.     II.  Caaaftnge,  &0.    It 
riinbabaa  country. 

S^fAern  Afrien.  Q.—\.  Whut  do«a  Routh«i-n  Africa  eomnriaaT    9 
Vbftiia  laid  of  tha  Cape  Col'}ny>    a.TUaoill    l-'amiuraf    A.Ctp* 


tu 

n 

r 

a 


r 


riiY. 

I,  (^liMtdk  and  IrfMngq. 
MM,  are  tliualri!  to  tin; 
tflM  U  •«l>t  til  ba  AirtlU', 
ktw  l«rrtt»rUi  war*  dU. 
•  •«•*  •iiMB  bam  undcf 
i*r  ki  nirr«(y  nomlntl. 
tpntUni  to  b*  ftr  Inland 
led  nnd  lndil>trl»iw  Iha 
iif  liiiriiiin  •ncrinifl  pm 
1111(11.   >4t.  Paul  dn  l^miid 
iic«.|Hirti  In  AnfiiU  »nil 
t'd  on  lo  Minifl  olviil. 
lilri  MHitliward  IVoiri  Dan- 
ill  wator  ia  trry  ararca ; 
Itihaliitanla  aro  cIoIIk  d  in 
li  haliua,  «  tntttll  UUjuJ 

i«  on  tlio  north  ?  (tn.  — 
Kii.,  I,a.  — WImt  Mu.  on 
il' < 'ooniuMin  7  AIkmiiov  T 
V'hii.h  aril  ita  rivrrit  (u, 
in  tlin  (liiir  of  Uiiiliea  ^ 
III  tliu  llirr«  Uiit  I'flong' 
Ufa  f  Nr.  — Wlial  t»  thn 
Paul  da  lAHinduT  How 
ola  to  Uraill  7 


mcA. 

early  nil  that  part  of 
•opic  of  Cupricorn.  lu 
Traria,  tho  country  of 
Tkmhtmnuii. 

Dutch  in  1C50.  It  wm 
finnlly  rontlriiiud  .to  thnl 
Dutch,  Britiah,  and  llol> 
1  w«ro  enmnci(>at«d  In  Uio 
,UUO  in  number, 
fi^rtile,  and  productire  In 
I  Ureat  Kurrou,  a  drjr  plain, 

11.  Caaaange,  Ito.    1ft 

i«i-n  AfViea  eompriieT  9 
toil  1    l-'amiura  1    4.  Ca{>« 


r 


MHITUMN    ArHIC'A. 


m 

IjMWIr  d«UtuU  »r  »r,rU|(,m,  Il  i,  ,„upj,  |>„,„e„(,J  h)  th*  oatrlxlk 
lh»  Birniara  nt  lli.i « .„|.,ny,  tialUl  Ikmra,  wuup*  «ai<iu.i«,j  »l«fi„,.  .imI 
ralM  larira  lu<rda  »(  rultlit. 

4.  Ciiiw  Town  i.  .iiiiai,',!  ai  i|,„  („,«.  ofTilili.  M.,i(nt«ln,  nfrt  whM> 
U  l>i.i|ii.iiilv  «vM  «  .iMirulir  »lii(..  ilouil,  ,„||..,l  11,0  ulil.  ..iliilh.     Il  k. 

f"  '" ''■""   ••■'""".   Im  wff  III.,  only  pl«,ci  or  r..l>ii.limi nl  |i,r  »».M|a, 

Ml*..,,  f,„r.,|«,  .,,,.1  ,\,i,..r,..„  „„  i),«  „„,  ai.l«,  and  llm   Kaat  IndlM. 
''"'"•   "  •'   ^""  'I'" ••  tho  utlwr.    Uraiiam'a  Town  |«  .|,.i  iwxt 


"V 


111. ml  jil 


•nW. 


;  '*'."»*?'*•-*'•"*""'»•««•»* iM»t>MM»w«rd»Vom III  .  u...  .,.». 
ny  to  HM,u.  I»  rlvrr.  It  I.  now  of  hi«i  ufanl  than  IbrnMrly  i  il-  ..mil*. 
w«|  porliiM,  |,a,  be,,,  ,„„,.,„|j,  „„„„,^  ,,  j^.  j^^p,  c^  .,.,,„  ,„, 
hnb.'ant.,  call...  '  <»■,«.  »,.,  diy,j,  j  |„,^  ,«v,,„|  „ih„.  f|,„y  „„  ,„ 
ai.il.,1  .•,  vl„o,o.j,  |K.op|,,,  of,  ,Uap  brown  ««loMr,  and  with  l>i.»lcd. 
UioiikIi  nut  wotilly  l-alr. 

«.  War,  hunllnai,  and  trnding'  ll.nir  larfff  horda  of  eaftle,  an  ihn 
•fiiiploymcnt  Id  II,.,  „„.,,,  '11,0  w.im,n  cultivaln  iIm  a«il.  build  huU. 
out  WMO.I,  ami  niaka  li<»k«ia  of  rr.<da  thul  will  hold  niilli. 

7.  I'mvioua  lo  iho  r^pwnl  war  Iwlwrnn  Ihcm  and  the  «'.,|..Hi»t»,  lh« 
mlMlimari.!!  had  ni  'lo  a  fivoiirahl.,  ii„pr,.,lori  on  «.im.i  oIiIk.  Caifrpai 
liut  llmt  ovri.l  d.-.tr.i>.d.  In  a  innmir..,  llm  e-id ,  If.mti.  ol  thiilr  luhoura. 
aiid  obligrd  inoal  of  Ihuiii  lo  Icivo  lliu  rouiifry. 


Dutliinan  di^ulaml  ■•  an  Uiiri«li 


K  fl.S  I.  .1^  f.™"  ""^•"WT. —  Thla  tract  of  country  ia  in. 
Ua  lited  by  th«  Damaraa,  Nanmquaa,  Corannaa,  Ori^ua^  and  ollu^ 
n.bca,  all  known  by  iho  general  name  of  Ilollcntola.    'I'licy  arc  a 

r ><«  7  a.  Dcicrilio  Cafliaria.  Tho  inhabitanta.  G.  Tboir  ompl-iT. 
a«uia.    7    Mwai.,n»rin«.    a  What  Ir  laid  of  Um  ouuniry  of  Uh;  ||„t. 


iMMMMtO 


332  nEflosirTivB  oboobapht. 

quiet,  biofleniiive,  ignorLnt  raco ;  filthy  in  their  hdbitf ,  «nd  »glj  in  per- 
ion ;  tlioir  language  ii  lingulur,  and  Imi  been  coin|iared  tu  the  clucking 
ot' turkey*.  &mo  have  been  taught  by  the  miiiionarici  to  cultivate  the 
ground,  raise  cattle,  and  work  at  a  few  of  the  moat  common  tradoi. 

9.  The  BuRhmon,  or  Wild  HottentoU,  go  alniott  naked,  and  reside 
in  hole*  in  the  ground,  or  clofta  in  the  rooka.  They  use  poiaoncd  a». 
rowi  in  war,  or  in  destroying  wild  beasts.  Tliey  display  some  inge- 
nuity in  disguising  thems<,-lvo8  in  imitation  of  the  ostrich,  and  arc  tlius 
Miabled  tu  approach  that  shy  animal  lufBciently  near  to  dottroy  it. 


Kurreecnine. 

10.  Country  of  the  Boshuanab.  —  The  Boshuanaa  appear  to  be  of 
tlie  same  race  as  the  CaiTres ;  but  have  made  more  progress  in  industry 
and  the  arU.  They  dwell  in  towns ;  and  cultivate  the  ground,  raising 
millet,  beans,  water-melons,  &.c.  Those  pcoijle  have  Targe  herds  of 
cattle,  the  robbing  of  which  from  each  other  is  the  cause  of  fl-equent 
wars.  Lattakoo,  Mashow,  and  Kurrccchane,  the  chief  towns,  are  from 
600  to  800  miles  distant  fVom  Cape  Tovim. 

Map  No.  25.  —What  countries  soutli  of  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn  7 
Ha.,  Bs.,  CCy^  Co.— Which  u  the  most  southern  cape  7  Ls.— Wliat 
other  cape  7  G.-He. — What  rivers  in  this  region  7  Oo.,  Ke.,  C-Ki., 
S..La.,  Me.  —  How  long  is  tlie  first  7  Whot  Mts.  7  Sw.  —  How  high 
are  they  7  What  desert  extends  north-west  from  the  Boshuanu  coun- 
try? Ch.  This  IS  also  called  ihe  Karri-Harri  Desert  — How  fat 
from  Cope  Colony  to  Swan  River  Colony  7  Population  of  Kurree- 
cJiane7  Mashow?  Lattakoo?  Cape  Town?  Graham's  Town ? 
209 

EASTERN  AFRICA. 

1.  Eastern  Africa  comprises  a  vast  extent  of  coast, 
reaching  from  Caffraria  to  Abyssinia,  3000  miles  in  length. 
Scarcely  any  part  of  the  world  is  so  imperfectly  known,  as 

tentots  7    9.  The  Bushmen  ?    10.  Country  of  the  Boshuanaa  ?   Towtia 
&0.7    Herdsofiattle?  • 

EatUrn  Africa.  Q.  —  1.  What  dues  Eastern  Africa  comprise  ?    & 


KiMftiKSfsess 


msmmiismm&mmmmi^:' 


r 


lAPHY. 

leir  habiti,  and  ugly  in  per- 
in  coin|iared  tu  tlio  clucking; 
(iiiiiionaricR  tu  cultivate  the 
iio  most  common  tradoi. 
[>  almost  nai(od,  and  reside 
ks.  Thov  use  poisoned  a.*- 
Tliey  display  sumo  inge- 
of  the  ostrich,  and  are  thus 
ently  near  to  destroy  it. 


Boshuanaa  appear  to  be  of 
B  moi'e  progress  in  industry 
ultivato  the  ground,  raisins 
>cople  have  Targe  herds  of 
icr  is  the  cause  of  Sequent 
e,  the  chief  towns,  are  from 


'  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn  7 
>uthcmcape7  Ls. — What 
I  region  1  Oo.,  Ke^  6,.Ki., 
at  Mts.  7  Sw.  —  How  high 
It  from  the  Boshuana  coun- 
•i.HArri  Desert  —  How  fai 
ft  Population  of  Kurree- 
wn  7    Graham's  Town  7 


RICA. 

a  vast  extent  of  coast, 
,  3000  miles  in  length. 
}  imperfectly  known,  aa 

oftheBo«huanaa7  Towiui 
latem  Aftica  comprise  7    & 


liBi 


r 


■A8TBBN   AFRICA. 

the  interior  of  this  region,  or  opposes  so  many  obstacles  to 
the  investigations  of  tho  traveller. 

2.  The  states  of  this  territory  are  generally  occupied  by 
dark  brown  or  black  nations,  who,  however,  bear  but  little 
resemblance  to  negroes  except  in  colour.  In  some  of  them, 
the  inhabitants  arc  not  entirely  destitute  of  arts  and  industry. 

\V^f  Country  of  tub  Somaulies  extends  from  Abyssinia  to  Ca|w 

ardaiui.    The  people  ore  an  active,  industrious  race,  who  trade  with 

lie  Arabs,  Hindoos,  and  tho  interior  Uibes.    Tho  country  is  hilly  and 

beautiful,  and  may  be  considered  as  tho  native  region  of  incense,  myrrh. 

and  sweet-smelling  gums. 

4.  Bcrbora  and  Adol  are  the  chief  states  on  the  coast,  of  which  the 
principal  towns  are  Borbcra  and  Zcyla;  Hurrur,  iu  the  interior,  is  the 
residence  of  the  Sultan  of  the  Somaulies.  The  inland  country  is  scarcely 
known,  but  appcnrs  to  be  occupied  by  the  savage  Galla,  and  by  Uio  kini 
dom  of  G.'ngiro,  whose  inhabitants  are  equally  barbarous. 

^j  ^l*n'  °'  ■'^''*'"*»  'tretching  southward  from  Cape  GardafUi,  is 
•andy,  hilly,  and,  except  in  tho  northern  parts,  barren.  Tho  want  of 
harbours,  and  the  fierce  character  of  the  inhabitanU,  have  prevented  it 
from  being  much  frequented  by  traders. 

6.  Zanoukbar  extends  from  Cape  Bassas  to  Cope  Delgado.  It  con- 
tains  several  states,  of  which  Magadoxa,  Mombas,  and  Quiloa,  appe.ir 
to  be  the  chief:  the  latter  is  under  tlio  control  of  the  Arabs  of  MuscuL 
Meiinda,  once  an  important  city,  is  now  in  ruins,  having  been,  willi 
the  whole  of  its  territory,  desolated  by  the  savage  Galla. 

-r  w'^'^^f  *^"""*'"'?  **'^*,¥''  "S'on  is  carried  on  principally  by  tho  Arah« 
of  Muscat,  m  vessels  called  dows,  the  pknks  of  which,  instead  of  beii.ir 
fastened  in  the  usual  manner,  are  sowed  together.  The  ports  of  Moin 
boB,  Lamoo,  and  Brava,  ore  sometimes  visited  by  American  Bhi|)s. 

8.  The  PoRTtroinsE  Fossbssions  commence  at  Capo  Delgado;  tho 
authority  of  tins  nation  was  once  very  extensive,  but  it  is  now  littl.- 
more  Uian  nominal.  Mozambique  is  tho  residence  of  the  Governor  Gc 
neral :  it  was  settled  by  the  Portuguese  as  early  as  tho  year  1506.  Qir- 
limane  at  the  mouth  of  tho  Zambcze  river,  and  Sofala  aal  tnhambanr 
are  the  other  €hiof  stations  on  the  coast ;  those  in  the  interior  are  Sen ,. 
Teto,  and  Manica.  The  trade,  now  greatly  reduced,  is  chiefly  w 
slaves,  gold,  and  ivory.  •  "        j  j  '» 

9.  MoNOMOTAPA,  or  MoTA?A,  a  once  powerful  empire,  is  now  destroyc* 
Its  territory  is  mostly  occupied  by  the  Maravis,  a  warlike,  plundering 
tribe,  whose  chief,  called  the  Changamera,  resides  at  Zimbao,  the  aif- 
cient  capital.  Farther  inland  is  tho  country  of  Uio  Movizas,  an  indua- 
trious  and  peaceable  race. 

What  is  said.of  its  states 7  3.  Somaulies?  4.  Berbera  and  Add? 
5.  Ajan?  6.  Zangiiebar?  7.  Commerce?  8.  What  is  said  of  the 
Portuguese  possesBions?    9.  Monomotapa?    10.  The  Bororas,  &« 


■tMiBatiiateiJteiiaiWtiWaant^Wt^wat^^ 


^ii*"^.fjB^W<.rM.ttan- 


334 


DSSCKimVE  OBOORAPnY. 


10.  Tlie  Bo»oiiAi  nnd  Makooaii  nro  ptipulou*  tribc»  in  the  interior : 
tlio  Intlcr  aro  ri|Hirtcd  to  Iw  cannibala,  Cmr.Miz,  a  kingdom  situated 
in  the  ccntro  oftlio  coi-tincnt,  in  fcrlilo  and  populoun,  and  is  Buhjoct  to 
a  dMjJot ;  it  yields  iron  and  copper :  it*  triido  iH  in  ulavc*  and  ivory. 

Afop  No.  25.  — VVhnl  priilf  Hciwratpo  Dorljcra  from  Arabia  7  An.  — 
What  cnpdii  on  the  coaBt  of  Ajan  7  Oi.,  Oi.,  Bh.  —  How  liir  i»  it  fVom 
Ajan  to  Ceylon  ?  What  country  of /unpucbar  Iic»  nnrlli  of  thu  Enuo- 
tor  7  Ma.  —Which  lie  sontli  ?  Ma.,  Ms.,  Qa.  —  How  far  from  Zan- 
gucbai  to  Sumatra  ?  Wliat  rivori  arc  in  Zanirucbar  7  Wc,  Oc.  —  In 
Mozambique  7  Zc.,  Mc.  —What  Mtii.  7  La.  —  Capes  7  Dn.,  C».  — 
Wliot  channel  auiiaratOB  Moxambi<iuo  from  Madagascar?    Mo. 


CENTRAL  AFRICA. 

1.  CKNTBAt  Afrca  crmprises  all  the  interior  regions 
Bouth  of  the  Great  desert.  Its  northern  division,  Soudun,  or 
Nigritia,  has  been  partially  explored  by  Europeans ;  but  the 
Bouthern,  called  Ethiopia,  has  never  been  visited  by  white 
men,  and  is,  consequently,  unknown. 

8.  Tlie  Nig«r,  it»  principid  river,  (colled  by  the  nativei  tho  Jolibn, 
or  Quorra),  wis  Ion(f  o  subject  of  '.ntcnso  interest  to  the  civiliied  world, 
in  consequence  of  the  various  opinions  entertained  concerning  it.  Mr. 
Parli,  in  17a5,  determined  tlio  upper  part  of  its  course ;  and  tlie  lower 

Cmtral  Afriea.  Q.— 1.  Describe  Central  Africa.  Northern  diviwon 
Southern.    3.  What  la  said  of  the  principal  river?    3.  Suudan?    4. 


\ 

a 
E 

U 

ti 

vi 
th 
m 

It 
on 

Ui 
wl 
iu 

«•( 

qu 

ita 
fin 

for 
imi 
Yi 
the 
the 

Wl 

7. 

11. 


BY. 

I  tribe*  in  the  interior : 

lE,  a  kingdom  situated 
ulouK,  iind  is  suhjoct  to 
I  in  bIuvcb  and  ivory. 

fromArnl)ia7  An,— 
n.  —  Huw  tlir  in  it  from 
lies  nnrlli  rtf  tliu  Eflua- 
,  —  How  fnr  from  Zan- 
icbar  ?  Wc,  Oc.  —  In 
—  Capcii  7  P'l.,  Cb,  — 
[lagascor?    Mo, 


CA. 

the  interior  regions 
1  division,  Soudun,  or 
'  Europeans ;  but  the 
cen  visited  by  white 

f  the  nativei  the  Jolibn, 
est  to  the  civilized  world, 
.incd  concerning  it.  Mr. 
ts  course ;  and  the  lower 

IVic«.  Northern  diviiion 
river?    3.  Suudan?    4. 


CBIfTRAL   AFRICA. 


S25 


part^  and  termination  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  were  aacerUinMl  b»  tl.. 
brother.  Lander,  in  1830.  Since  that  ti.ne\rhM  "^TTca^dcd  b, 
.loain.l>oati.,  for  a  di.tancu  of  400  or  450  milei,  "^tnacd  by 

3.  Soudan  is,  in  moat  parts,  fertile  and  populous ;  and  the 
nhuhuants  generally  excel  those  of  the  coast  in  industry  and 

o3''"7'  u  '  *'°""*"''  "■  S"^"^^  n"">l««"  of  states,  various  in 
exiciit  and  character. 

JJ^^rlZZV^^'  ^''l!  "X' B"'"''  *"»'«"««,  Dcnham  and  Clan.. 
Tu  n^d    rr.ll     i*"*"  ''■°"'  ^„"P°"  ♦"  ^'"''^"•-  tl'cy  explored  Z^ 

I  om'r  TnmiMC  Vr  ^"  f"  "^"^'"f  tJ.at  ehy  t'°h^"eTu m 
,\TL  .  .  M- Caill<S,  a  French  traveller,  reached  T  mbuctoo  from 
the  WC8  coast,  and  then  crossed  the  Sahara  to  Morocco  OurcS 
knowledge  of  the  interior!,  derived  from  the«,  intJeJfd  traveller, 
doni  but'I,'f*mil!"?'*r.''r.'"  '^^  '"  Soudan,!,  a  con.iderablo  king 
WAssKLA  on  the  Niger,  and  Kono,  extending  along  the  mountain  ranee 
UBEaoo  and  Masswa  on  the  western,  and  Baedoo  on  the  east  aido  of 

Si  o?E7.rid  .i^""""  '"  ""  °"'y  •'^  ~    VvVertho  tpt 
c    D  ^P°^*^'^  ^  carry  on  a  groat  trade  in  .all. 

vlHnHTn.*'?""^'-  '"'«'y .'.'"'  '"°»t  important  .tato  in  Soudan,  is  now  di. 

-olo»d  b,  .  „„!,.    Th.  i,„.„,  „  M,  of  d.r,  iifewiS. 
7.  xiMiDCToo  lies  8  mile  north  of  Uio  ma  Niiror    It  hiu  fi.r .  !/«. 

SclSVurotrt!"""!.'*"  r^^^  riche.T«•nd'l.^I'tft 

wnicn  mrat  l!.uropcan  traveller,  have  o  med  to  arrive-  but  MCiml 

W  d»pelled  tl.e  reputation  it  enjoyed  for  wcaUh  and  im;irt^ce.""'' 

a.  ilio  tKLLATAs  aro  the  mort  powerful  nation  in  Soudan     Thfi^r 

nTerTn  "■  "^  *^1  ^'"'^'^'  »•"»  ""  '»<"°  warUke     fhey  have  Com 
qucred  Housso.  the  most  civilizca  cour,try  in  the  interior  -T-sWm 

fi„„'roI.ii    /^^•^'''^"*  ""  important  cities  in  Houmo.    Zeirzejr  is  a 
fine  fertile  district,  the  capital  of  which  is  Zaria.  *^    *^ 

9.  BotwsA  and  Yooai  are  considerable  town,  on  the  Niimr     Th^ 
former  ..  tlie  capital  of  Borgoo,  a  confeder7y  ofZte.  o„C  rZ 


'^|^<aW8ftiiBtet».»awMi«»ti<»aitoL!iMbm^ 


896 


DBICRIPTIVB  QBOGRArHT. 


10.  Bomoo  it  li  one  of  the  ino.t  Important  .uto«  of  8oudMi.  A  eon. 
lid«rablc  trade  »  carricj  on  «crn..  the  «»'"»«  ^V^^ripol.  in  ..vo»^ 
ivcTT,  and  oatrich  feather..  K*n«.  lying  north  of  Lake  To^ad.  I.  do. 
penLt  on  Bomou;  and  flirniahc.  to  tRat  .tate  iU  brave.l  ioldlDr. 
Koulia  ia  the  capital  of  Bomou ;  Angornou  ii  lU  largest  town. 

U.  BuiuRMi,  lying  aouth-oaat  of  Ulce  Tchad,  la  often  at  war  with 
Born;..:  ^*e  ca/alrf  of  the«  nation,  cover  them«eWo.  and  „v„n 
their  hor«5.,  in  time  of  war.  with  iron  armour,  and  ««•'  *"^  """k 
ipoara.  dAkull*  i.  inhubitcd  by  a  fierce  Pagan  race,  ca»cd  Kl  F«W 
liU  who  flirht  with  poinoned  arrow..  Mandara  occupic.  a  fine  fertile 
7idi;.rc^»^i^i  -*•'»»  populouatown..  of  which  Mora  ..  the  olue£    . 

Map  No.  25.   How  i.  Soudan  bounded  7    What  are  iU  riwr.  T   Nr, 
Yu*  ly;Ta.,  Be.-How  long  i.  the  fir.t  7  What  >*k«- "''•'"  S^"^*" 
Td.  F^.  De.-How  long  i.  the  fir.t7   What  »"'• '    «»;  *'?-;S. 
ithepcJpulationofSegS?    Jonno7   Timbuctoo7   8ooc»too7    Kam.7 
Zariaf   BouiM?    Bomou  7    Angornou7 

AFRICAN  ISLANDS. 

1  Africa  comprises  a  number  of  single  Ulands  and  groups 
qf  islands,  belonging  chiefly  to  different  European  states ;  most 
of  them  arc  jwpulous,  and  produce  a  variety  of  valuable  com- 
modities.  .  .     , 

9.  The  Azoaw,  or  Wmtirn  I.i^.  Ho  in  the  Atlantic  «»« W^" 
1300  m  IcH  wet  from  Portugal ;  U,oy  have  a  fine  ■=l>-''t°  »"'Ur»  ^^^ 
the  product,  arc  grain,  wine,  and  fr|.it.  "^^TAn^  in  Terc^i  a  • 
town,  are  Ponte  Dclgada,  in  St.  Michael'.,  and  Angra,  in  lerooira. 
Uio  latter',  the  oapiuloftlie  whole  group. 

3  Mad««a  i.  a  beautiful,  healthflil,  and  fcrUle  l.land ;  it  I.  a  re»rl 
for  inS  and  l!a.  been  ling  coleb^ted  for  »«*  ««;^'  7»  J'  roitil 
uldo  In  which  i.  IcM  important  than  formerly.  Funchal  i.  U.o  capital. 

4  The  Canary  Island,  are  noted  for  their  wine.,  fif"'*?' ■n'^.^*""">; 
birf..  TlK>.e  i.land.  contain  numerou.  ^nonr^^nnf^M^ihem^* 
oetebroted  i.  the  Peak  of  Tcncriffe.  Santa  Crui,  in  the  uland  of  Tone, 
riffe,  U  the  capital.    Orotavt  i.  the  large.t  town. 

5.  The  Caw  Vekdc  I.lanm  have  a  hot  and  unhoallh<bl  ?'""»»«,«"' 
•  L  and  arid  .oil.  Many  of  the  inhabitanU  died  of  «"";»« '"18J1 , 
ftoni  the  effect,  of  a  long.conlinued  drought  Fogo,  one  of  the  wland-. 
SSdnS  mI  active  volcio.  Salt.  ffoat..&n^  an.f  wme  cotton,  are  the 
chief  article,  of  trade.    The  capital  i«  Porto  Praya. 

6.  Akmmoii  I.LA1ID  wa.  long  uninhabited,  and  was  (toou.  for  it* 

Afrken  hlrndt.  Q.  -1.  What  i.  .aid  of  the  African  continent  7  a. 
iWrihethe  AiOTee.  3.  Madeira  Ulandfc  4.  Canary  wland..  5.  Cape 
vSrf?W.ndrrA.«;n.i.n  and  St  Helena.    7.  V^at  doc.  the  EUu- 


n 
A 
P 
A 
ia 
P 


■  vr/«T>'j***«*'»as»in'»!5»?'^sa;»' 


ii.liV/."-'?.:*"??  ■«••,{»■■#»«* 


,FHT. 

■Uto*  or  Boudui.  A  mn. 
•a  with  Tripoli,  in  ikvo*, 
rth  of  L»ko  Tchad,  it  do. 
lUts  iu  braveit  MkUori 
I  iu  largest  town, 
shad,  ii  often  at  war  with 
ter  themioWoa,  and  even 
lour,  and  flglit  with  loiiv 
>agan  race,  called  El  Fut 
*RA  occupiee  a  fine  fertile 
which  Mora  ii  the  ohioC   . 

^hat  are  ita  riven  T  Nr^ 
^hat  lakoa  are  in  Soudan  ? 
tMta.7  Kg.,  Mn.— What 
[.tooT   SoccatooT    Kanu7 


NDS. 

nglo  islands  and  groups 
European  stotes ;  mosl 
ariety  of  valuable  com- 

the  Atlantic  ocean,  about 
fine  climate  and  good  foil : 
rarioui  kinda.  The  chiof 
I,  and  Angra,  in  Tercoira : 

fertile  iiland  ;  it  if  a  reaort 
For  iu  excellent  winea,  tln^ 
rly.  Funchaliitlio  capital. 

ir  wlncii,  firuita,  and  Canary 

mnUina,  of  which  the  inoHt 

Crui,  in  the  island  of  Tom.. 

town. 

nd  unhoalthfUl  climate,  aiiH 

nU  died  of  famine  in  Ifl.H, 

t    Fogo,  one  of  the  ialand-, 

w,  and  aome  cotton,  ar«  tlio 

oPraya. 

led,  and  waa  fkmoua  for  Its 

•flhe  African  continent?  9. 
4,  Canary  islands.  5.  Cape 
ita.    7.  mat  docs  the  EUii- 


AmiCAlf   ISLAROf. 


327 


lurtlei  it  hat  now  a  small  garris<m.  8t  Helena  is  a  high  rocky  Island, 
nnd  haa  but  one  harbour  and  town  (Jamestown) :  it  is  noted  for  having 
M       .'S'."'*"?'  ".C.^J^P"'®""  Bonaparte  for  su  years:  he  died  Uiera 
m  May,  1821.    In  1840,  his  remains  were  conveyed  to  France, 

7.  The  Ethiopian  hciiipei.aoo,  situated  on  the  costem 
side  of  Africa,  comprises  Madaguscar,  tho  Mascarcnha,  Soy- 
ciielle,  Almiraiito,  Comoro,  and  some  other  smaller  islands. 

a  Madaoaso**  is  tho  largest  of  the  African  islands.  It  has  a  health 
til  climate,  a  fertile  soil,  and  is  said  to  bo  rich  in  minerals.  The  in. 
habitanta  consist  of  Arabs,  Malays,  and  Negroes.  Somfl  of  these  oiiU 
uvato  Uie  ground,  and  are  not  destitute  of  arU :  othera  are  pirates,  and 
oommit  dcpredaUons  on  the  neighbouring  islands. 

i„  ^m'"."?'"!!'  "''  ^'i. '''"? '"5""  »X  *'"'  "**''••  ^"»  """rt  important  state 
ra  this  island,  waa  founded  by  Radama.  This  prince  patronized  the 
inissionarios,  and  endeavoured  to  civilize  his  subjccU  by  intrwlucinir 
|""?2Ja  a"  *^""?'P"»"  "^  and  sciences.  He  was  poisoned  by  his  wife 
in  Ism  Since  his  death,  the  kingdom  has  been  the  scene  of  anarcliv 
and  confusion.  Tanaaorivou  is  the  capital.  Bombctok  Bay,  and  il.e 
other  bays  and  porU,  arc  sometimes  visited  by  American  vessels. 

10.  Eastward  from  Madagascar  ore  the  Maso*««niia  Islands.  These 
!S!2i^"."i**'"'.'"'?  MAuaiTius  or  the  Isle  of  Franco ;  both  are  well  set- 
tied,  JirlUo  islands :  cofToo  and  sugar  are  the  chief  producU.  Mauritius 
is  the  icon?  of  Uie  inimitable  tolo  of  Paul  ond  Virginia.  Bourbon  con- 
Ulna  a  volcano  constanUy  burning,  which  serves  at  night  as  a  liirht. 
honso  to  inwiners.  Port  touis,  in  MauriUus,  and  St.  &nis,  in  flSur- 
bon,  are  tlie  chief  towns. 

11.  The  StvoHicLLB  and  Almirantc  Iblanos  are  a  depondencr  of  , 
MauriUus:  Uicy  produce  cotton   and  ^ocoa-nuU.    MaheT  on  Main 
isliuid,  IS  thn  capital  of  the  first-namcd  group.    The  Comobo  Isles  Je 
mounl^inous  but  fertile.    Tho  inhabiUnU  have  been  3y  dl  «U^ 
pkted  by  Uio  ravages  of  the  Madaga«car  pirates.  ^ 

^i^'Jl*""".*'  «""■*"•«"''  *""■*•  '"  fertile,  well-settled  islands. 
^n.«^   lJLnn"'?1?'-    .^'J»''>.".  »«»  »»»  "l»nd  of  tho  same  n.mo^ 

rthJs.^  Vm'''"'?"'*!!'  "  *'.'"  '"if"'  '<""'  •"  »ho  dominion: 
i  A  ^if.  *•.".•«**•  SocoxaA  is  subject  to  the  Sultan  of  Keshio 
m  Arabia,  and  i.  chiefly  noted  for  tlm  au(4riof  quality  ofiU  alo^ 

Map  No.  9«.  — TfU  the  popuIaUon  of  tlie  following  islands,  and  tha 
naUons  to  winch  ;  .y  bpjonj^  i  Aiores,  Madeira,  Canary,  Cape  Verde. 
Ascension,  St  Hole  ..a,  Mauritius,  Bourbon,  Almirante,  and  Soychelte^ 
Population  of  MadagMcarT  How  long  is  it  T  Iu  northern  cape  7  Ao^ 
Southern?    S-M/.—How  ftr  ftora  Madagascar  to  Australia  7    What 

fr.,  Zr.,  Ma.  —What  island  belonga  to  Keahin  7 

oplan  Arahipclam  oomprise  7  'a  What  ia  aaid  of  Madagaaear  7    9 

i^^^^T'^tZrS^"^'^   IL^S^ehei 


f 


r 


338 


DMCSIPTIVB  OBOORArHT. 
_-  212 


lobabitantiofOceaniea.      ^ 

OCEANICA. 

I.  OcKAiviCA  comprises  tho  islands  lying  south  of  Asia, 
together  with  tho  greater  part  of  those  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
situated  between  Asia  and  America.  They  form  three  great 
divisions :  Malaysia,  Australasia,  and  Polynesia. 

3.  It  extends  from  north  to  south  about  6200  miles,  and 
from  east  to  west  11,000  miles,  and  comprises  almost  a  thiol 
part  of  the  superficies  of  tho  globe.  Tho  land  area  is  about 
one-elcventh  part  of  the  land  surface,  of  tho  earth. 

3.  The  discovery  of  tliis  quarter  of  tlio  world  cnmmL-nrcd  aoon  tfter 
America  was  known  to  Eurnpnans.  Majifcllan,  tho  firHt  navigator  who 
uilsd  round  the  globe,  pMscd  through  tho  strait  whicli  bcnrs  his  name, 
more  than  300  years  ai^o,  and  crosiicd  tho  Pacific  Ocean  in  a  direction 
from  south-east  to  nortii.wcst. 

4.  After  Magellan,  the  Spaniards,  Dutch,  and  English,  continued  the 
progresa  of  discovery.  Of  the  latter.  Captain  James  Cook  contributed 
more  to  our  knowledge  of  tho  islands  in  this  quarter  than  any  other 
Aidividual.  Since  his  time,  numerous  navigators  and  whalers,  princi- 
pally English,  French,  and  Americans,  have  traversed  tho  Pacific 
boean  in  every  direction,  and  have  probably  left  hut  little  to  be  ex- 

Oeemwea.  Q.~-l.  Describe  Oceaniea.  9  Its  extent.  3.  What  is 
•id  of  its  diacoTWf ,  Stc  7  4.  What  took  place  after  Magellan  7  What 


r 


iruT. 


I  lying  south  of  Asia, 
I  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Thoy  form  throe  great 
Polynesia. 

iboitt  6200  miles,  and 
tmpriscs  almost  a  thisd 
Tlie  land  area  is  about 
r  the  earth. 

irld  commenced  loon  after 
in,  tho  firHt  navigator  who 
rait  which  bcnrshis  name, 
iciiic  Ocean  in  a  direction 

ind  English,  continued  the 
n  Jamca  Cook  contributed 
ia  quarter  than  any  other 
ratora  and  whalers,  princi- 
iTe  traveracd  tho  Pacific 
ly  lofl  hut  little  to  be  ex- 
Its  extent  3.  What  ia 
oe  tAcr  Magellan  7   What 


r 


OCEANICA  —  MAIAVIIA. 


3iW 


pi'ired.    In  the  ynar  1841  the  American  Exploring  Expedition  vliilMl 
many  of  'Jie  ialanda  in  thexo  aooa. 

3.  Tho  IMandi  of  Occanica  are  altuatcrt  principally  within  tho  tro- 
pica, and  ore  eximncd  to  a  cnnnicUiralili!  drgrco  of  lieiil.  The  t()ni|K'r«- 
ture,  however,  i«  varioua.  Some  of  tht-m  enjoy  a  (li-lighU'ul  tliinntc, 
aiid  are  among  the  moat  favoured  and  fertile  countries  on  tho  gloltc 

6.  Noarly  all  llio  liirgo  iNJnnda  are  elovatod.  Some  contain  moun. 
taini  of  )(rc»t  ahiliKJu.  Vulciinoo*  are  nuincroun,  and  oroaHionallv 
cuuae  dreadful  ravngoa.  The  smaller  ialanda  ore  low,  niiiiy  of  tiiiin 
acarccly  riHing  uIkjvh  tho  surfaco  of  tlio  water,  and  are  often  dcHtilula 
of  vcgdtmion  and  irilmhitantai  aomo  again  aro  covered  with  grovca  of 
cocoauut  and  oilier  trcca,  nnd  are  well  peopled. 

7.  Most  of  the  animals  found  in  these  islands  aio  similar  to  those  of 
tlio  south  of  AhIu;  but  thore  aro  several  variolicH  peculiar  to  this  nuar- 
tor.  Tlio  oriing.o'.itung  abounds  in  Borneo,  and  tliu  Malay  tnpir  in 
Java  and  other  islmidrt.  Tho  kangaroo,  cnicu,  duckbill,  and  black 
iwan,  exist  only  in  Australia. 

8.  Tho  natives  of  Oceonica  are  varioui  in  manners,  customs,  and 
condition.  Tlwy  consiHt,  for  the  most  part,  of  two  distinct  races,  tit* 
Malays,  or  brown  variety  of  tho  human  family,  and  the  Tapuan,  Ori- 
ental, or  Molanosian  Negroes, 

9.  The  Malays  are  found  in  different  stages  of  civilixation,  and  com- 
prise  two  distinct  classes,  nobles  and  slaves.  Some  of  thorn  are  comp«. 
ratively  improved  j  others  are  extremely  barbarous,  and  in  many  in- 
Etanees  they  are  cannibals.  The  pcoplo  of  Polynesia  aro  principally 
pagans ;  those  of  Malaysia  aro  partly  Mahomcdana  and  partly  (tagans. 

10.  The  Papuans  conatitnte  a  variety  of  the  black  race,  but  are, 
for  tho  most  part,  siiiallcr  in  person,  and  not  so  dark  in  complexion,  as 
inc  African  negroes.  They  are  gcnfrally  destitute  of  clothing  or  dwell, 
ings,  often  live  on  the  most  disirusting  food,  and  aro  supposed  to  h«v« 
00  definite  ideas  of  a  Supremo  Iking, 


•213 


MALAYSIA. 

1.  Malaysia  derives  its  nam(  rem  tho  Malays,  the  moet 
njiTicrous  people  in  this  region.  It  is  also  called  the  East 
India  Archiiielago;  and  contains  the  islands  of  Sumatra, 
.lava,  and  Borneo,  usually  called  the  Sunda  Isles,  together 
with  the  island  of  Celebes,  the  Moluccas,  or  Spice  Islands, 
the  Philippine  Islands,  and  some  smaller  groups. 

it  said  of  Copt  in  Cook  7  What  has  occurred  aince  his  time  7  In  1841 T 
S.  What  is  said  of  the  islands,  Aic.T  6.  Larger  islands?  7.  Animala? 
8.  Natives  of  Oceanica?    9.  Tho  Malays?    10.  Papuans? 

MalaytUt.  Q.— 1.  What  ii  aaid  of  Malaysia  7    What  does  it  oontoia  1 
9  R 


['• 


V 


330 


*«v 


DUCRIPTIVI   CBUGRAPIIY. 


9.  Tlie  climaio  nl'  Mkltjrda  ii  that  of  tlio  torrid  tnne.  Tlin  Mill  i« 
pruductivo,  tiiil  yield*  in  ■Uundunre  tho  inont  rxqiiiailo  Kpifca  and 
l^uiti.  Th«  olofe,  nutmaf ,  mace,  cinnamon,  and  pepper,  abound ;  alau 
■igar,  cofleo,  cotton,  rice,  tobacco,  and  indigo. 

3.  The  oimmercQ  ii  extoniivo,  and  it  carried  on  moatly  br  Enrop*- 
MM  and  Chineae.  Thu  latter,  in  tlietr  uncouth  vomcIi,  called  junka, 
trade  in  gtnikt  numhcri  to  the  difliircut  Inland*.  Trijiani;,  aca-alug,  and 
odiblo  bird«'.ncitt«,  luxurioi  not  in  uae  amnnif  Kiiropcana,  Porin  >oiporW 
ant  articlea  of  tlie  Uafflo  with  Chirfl,  wlu  re  they  bear  a  high  price. 


Malaya  captorinf  a  BuropMa  Vtaael. 


4.  Tho  Mala)!,  the  preralent  race  in  thia  region,  are,  generally,  of 
a  yellowiah  brown  complexion.  They  a«B  chiefly  Mahomedana,  an^ 
have  a  atrong  paaaion  for  gambling.  Many  of  the  Malaya  are  pirate* 
they  often  lurpriao  and  capture  European  and  other  mcrchant-veikeli 
A  number  of  Chinese  emigrants  have  scttlod  in  varioua  part*  of  Malay 
aia,  and  are  noted  for  their  induatrioua  and  quiet  habita. 

5.  BuMATKA,  the  muat  wcatem  of  tho  Sunda  lalandi,  ia  nearly  e<)ual 
in  extent  to  our  Middle  and  Eoatom  Statu*  united.  It  i*  divided  into 
•everal  petty  native  kingdom* ;  and  ia  partly  under  the  dominion  of 
Holland.  Some  of  tho  interior  tribca  are  cannibal*.  Among  the  Bat. 
to*,  the  jpunichmcnt  of  aevcral  Crimea,  by  their  lawn,  ia  to  be  eaten 
alive.    They  alao  eat  the  priioner*  they  take  in  war. 

6.  Java  i*  a  fine  Ibrtile  ialand,  about  three-burth*  of  which  belong* 
to  the  Dutch :  tho  remainder  of  the  island  i*  governed  by  two  native 
prince*,  the  emperor  and  the  lultan.  Yho  native*  are  wull  acquainted 
with  many  orta.    lliey  carry  on  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  Chineae. 

it.  What  ia  aaid  of  the  climala  7    3.  Cc\nmeroe  7  4.  The  Malaya  t    S 


r 


MIY. 

orrid  tnn«.  The  Mill  ii 
wt  rxi|iii<il<i  Kpir'ca  and 
nd  pepper,  abound ;  aim 

id  on  m«rtly  br  Enrop*- 
ith  voiwcli,  callvd  junlia, 
.  TrijMuig,  Ma-ilug,  and 
Riiropcana,  form  ioipor^ 
my  bear  a  high  price. 


region,  are,  generally,  of 
ihiefly  Mahomedana,  aii4 
rthe  Malaya  are  piratet 
il  other  mGrchant.vcakeli 
n  varioui  part*  of  Malay 
liet  babita. 

t  Iilandi,  ii  nearly  e<)ual 
nitcd.  It  if  divide)!  into 
f  under  the  dominion  of 
niboli.  Amonif  the  Bat> 
isir  lawn,  ia  to  be  eaten 
in  war, 

.burtha  of  which  bclonp 
governed  bv  two  native 
tlvcR  are  wull  acquainted 
trado  with  the  Chineae. 

m7  ITheMaUyat    S 


r 


MALATIIA.  8S1 

7.  BaUvia  ia  tlie  capital  of  Java,  aa  well  aa  of  all  the  Dutch  poawsa. 
aiona  in  the  E«at.  It  ia  a  iroat  cuiiiinercial  eiii|M)riutn.  Haniarany  ia 
the  next  imporUiit  town.  I)jockokarU  ia  the  capital  of  tiia  aniperor'a, 
and  Hurakarta  of  tha  aultan'a  dominiona. 

8.  Kaitward  from  Java  are  the  Iilanda  of  Bally,  Huntihawa,  FIari«, 
and  Timor.  Hniiibawa  ia  noted  for  it*  torriflo  volcano.  Timor  belonjja 
jointly  to  the  Dutch  and  the  Portuguoao.    Oanca  ia  noted  for  iu  tin. 

9.  fioaNRo  ia  one  of  the  larffeat  iiland*  in  the  world.  It  ia  nearly 
four  tiinea  larpr  than  Great  ifritain.  The  interior  ia  inhabited  by  (b. 
lociu'ia,  wariiko  tribea.  Among  one  of  thoae,  the  Dyaka,  no  one  ia 
loniidorod  a  man,  or  can  obtain  a  wife,  until  he  can  ahow  the  head  of 
It  looat,  one  Itnoiny,  aa  a  proof  of  hia  proweaa.  CJold  and  diamomia 
tre  (bund  in  Borneo.    The  principal  trade  ia  at  Bunjarmaaain. 

10.  Nortli-eaatward  (Vom  Borneo  are  the  Sooloo  lalandi.  The  peoph 
are  all  noted  piratca ;  tliey  are  the  Aljrcrinoa  of  the  eaiiloin  aeaa.  Co. 
tebea  ia  a  large,  irrcgular-ihapcd  iviand ;  the  northern  part  ia  inhabiteil 
by  the  Bngia,  and  the  aouthorn  by  the  Maraniara.  The  women  hem 
mmgle  freely  in  all  tiie  affairi  of  liti-,  and  are  even  aomotimea  callod 
to  ttio  tJirone.    The  town  of  Mocaaaar  belong*  to  the  Dutch. 

11.  The  8nc!E  IiMNn«,or  Moi.tccAa,  proHiirn  tho  prooioua  aploca, 
flovca,  nutmrga,  and  mace.  Gllolo,  Coram,  Boiiro,  Dando,  and  Am- 
doyna,  are  tho  principal  iHlandii.  Naaaaii,  a  itinnll  town  on  the  iaiand 
ef  Neiro,  ia  tlio  reaidonco  of  tho  Dutch  governor. 

19.  Tho  rniurriNC  Iiland*  compriiMs  two  large  and  a  number  of 
imaller  iilonda.  Thoy  are  rich  in  natural  reiourcoi,  and  furniah  many 
valuable  articica  of  commerce.  Thoae  iilanda  belong  to  Spain  ;  but  tha 
inhabitanU  are  chiefly  of  tho  natii^o  racci,  the  Tagaloi,  Biaayas,  &o. 
Among  theae  nationa  are  levoral  imall  independent  itatei. 

13.  Manilla,  on  tho  west  aide  of  the  iiland  of  Luzon,  ia  the  capital  of 
all  the  Spanish  coloniea  in  tho  East,  and  ia  a  large  and  flouriihing  city. 
It  ia  tho  centre  of  an  oxtcniive  commerce,  and  ita  harbour  ia  throngod 
with  European,  American,  and  Chinese  vcasola. 


Map  No.  98.  —  What  groat  circle  paisci  through  tho  middle  of  Ma. 
layaia?  Er.  — In  what  lona  ia  Malayiia?  Td.  — How  long  is  8u. 
matra?  Java?  Celebes  7  Luion7  Mindanao 7  How  long  and  wide 
ia  Borneo  7  What  ia  the  population  of  Sumatra  7  Java  7  Bomra  7 
Celebes?  Philippine  Ishinda7  Manilla 7  Batavia7  Jamarana? 
Acheenf  Palambang?  What  strait  separatea  Sumatra  from  Ma. 
lacca?  Ma. —  Sumatra  from  Java?  Sa.— Borneo  dom  Celebea? 
Mr.  —  How  wide  are  tho  straits  of  Sunda  ? 


Sumatra?    6.  Java?    Thenativea?    7.  Batavia,  Ac. ?    8.  Bally,  An T 

K  ^™*!J!^-'    ^''-  ^^'«»  '»•'    "•  8P'«»  I»-^    13.  Philippine  la.? 
ll   Manilla?  '^'^ 


BUCBirriva  oaooBArHV. 


J'i 

_;_, 

t^-~- 

jjwbr  «    - 

'^ 

*, 

^ 

\ 

1 

ii^ 

f,^.~ 

—11  11 

1 

'    ■    ■       V 

• '  > 

n 

\^} 

vl 

ii*  vi*; 

•'■^^tajT^  v:^ 

'> 

.  -Vi. 

Convlcu  landlni  at  Dolanjr  Oay. 

AUSTRALASIA. 

1.  AvfTRALAiiA  comnriwN  a  number  of  iilanda  lying 
•cmth-enstward  friHn  Malavniii :  "f  thosfi,  Australia  or  new 
Holland,  N»;w  CJuint'ii,  and  Now  Z<>nliind,  nrrj  the  moat  fix- 
toniivo.  Thn  inholiitantii  aro  chiefly  I'npuarj  Negroes,  and 
rank  among  tlio  lowest  of  the  hutnnn  Ihmily. 

9.  AuiTRALU,  furmerly  callod  ffew  Holland,  in  Uia  UrgfX  UUnd  in 
lh«  world.  It  if  now  a  part  of  tlie  Uritiuli  Riiipire.  New  8uutli  Wule-, 
North  AuRlratia,  Hoiitli  Auiilralia,  and  Wcet  Auatraliii,  aro  itii  chief 
diviaioni.  The  Bhio  Mnuntnin*  aro  tlio  highvat  rtinKe,  and  tiro  Murru; 
tho  largcat  rivvr,  yot  diicoverud. 

3.  Tho  aburifinra  of 
Auitrnlia  arc  very  rude 
•nd  dc((raded :  thoae  in 
ho  interior  oxiat  on  roota, 
'tuba,  worma,  and  what 
licy  kill  in  tho  choae. 
tlume  on^e  coaat  live 
ninatly   oirfiahing,  yet 

tlioir  conoca  aro  of  (ho  .,    .         ■..   ■ 

riidcaldoacription.  Homo  *"*'"  ™  "'•  "•• 

aro  merely  a.  largo  piece  of  bark  folded  and  tied  up  at  each  end,  and 
■ome  only  a  log,  on  which  tiiey  ait  and  guide  witli  tlioir  handa. 

Auttralatia.  Q.  —  l.  What  is  said  of  AuatralaataT    9.  Australia? 
»  'ts  three  great  diviaiuna,  Slc.  7    3.  Describe  the  aboriginoa.    4.  Botany 


r 


m.  -    - .  t  iMP- 


Aruv* 


r  Itay, 

i. 

mbor  of  iilandn  lying 
loxe,  Australia  or  new 
Innd,  nro  tho  moat  ex- 
I'npunri  Negroes,  and 
Ihiniiy. 

.nd,  in  Uia  UfKMt  inland  in 
liiipire.  New  South  VViilcr 
et  Auitraliii,  aro  itH  chirl 
icit  rtinKe,  and  tlio  Murru; 


n  on  hi*  Ld(. 

d  tied  up  At  Mcli  end,  and 
lo  witlk  tlioir  hand*. 

uitreluiaT    8.  Auttralia? 
the  aboriginoi,   4.  Botuty 


Jtrnttlmim 


r 


AVWrKAtAMA. 


333 


4.  fn  th«  toiiihA^t  |wrt  rff  Audrnlia  i«  thu  OnrAHt  Hat  Cou.n» 
fcuiidiU  ill  17<i7i  U>  tlM>  |il«c«  m»ny  ihrnuind  cciiiunuU  Iwva  U'«ii 
trsnsfsiftfd  tt..in  (Ircat  iiriuiu.  Tho  bulii  oi"  (hn  |j..piihii.Mi  in,  how. 
tvrr,  riiriiii<d  t.f  Irra  Mitlur*  i  l.,  th«M>  tho  ciiiivi.  U  itrd  aiiiN.rliunvd  u 
labourer*  d«rin|f  the  |Hrl.<l  Cor  which  llicy  wore  wiilon. eJ. 

rt.  Tho  ('..h.ny  ettnulD  nlonir  Ihr  roait  aliout  :mK)  inih-ii  i  IJ  U  Hi. 
*iilrd  Into  couiiti..!,  Rimt  rontain^  «)*<tii1  town*,  Tho  country  I*  hil. 
ter  adiipti <l  (or  graiiii^  than  IiIIiik.' ;  .li.,,.  am  ahiindanl,  and  iJi.  if 
wool  form,  a  Urifr  |Hirt  oC  iho  vx\mrUi  wliiat,  Indian  corn,  and  w.ia. 
^-«,  aru  [ho  prinWiml  |.r.Hl.i.t*.  Sydney,  Uio  capital,  ha*  a  go<.d  hur- 
tMiur,  with  ron«id«riib!o  coinniorco. 

«.  In  W.«t  Au»tralia  i,  tho  ,Sw»n  Rivra  Coi^our  i  in  which  no  griiai 
linprovnmcnt  ha*  yet  taken  place.  M<iuth  Au*lralia  and  Port  Thili,, 
diKtriet,  in  thn  *outh,  aro  tlouri>.hin((  colonic*.  Adulaida  i*  Uio  chief 
tuwn  of  tlia  flnt  named,  and  Melbourne  of  tho  la*t. 

7.  Vah  ni«Mr«'»  r.Ann,  or  TAtM.^iu.  sctllod  in  1804,  It  nearly  <mual 
In  *ifo  to  H<iuth  (  arolina.  Tho  oiinialo  oftliik  i.lnnd  i*  c.H.ler,  but  thi- 
pr.Hluctiori*  aro  nearly  tho  name  a*  in  tho  oth.  r  cdonic*.  About  one. 
Uiird  of  aio  iiopulation  aro  convict*.     Ilobarton  i*  tho  capital. 

a  Naw  7.tM.AHo  cornpriuc*  two  Inrjfo  and  one  *mall  idnnd.  The 
"fi*!"  e  "■■*  "omowlmt  eiKteil*  that  of  tho  8uto  of  Virginia.  The 
*oil  *  fortllu,  and  pr.Kluce*  rmlian.corn,  wheat,  yam*,  potatus*.  and  * 
(pMie*  of  atronK  and  aorviconblo  llax. 

9.  Tho  nativo*  aro  a  woU-ff.rmcd  raea,  rorylnir  in  somploxion  fWim 
a  chcvnut  colour  to  a  dinrv  while.  Tlwiy  wore,  until  recontly,  very  wai# 
'"'^  iiKo  and  Ion  jiuu*,  and  wore  all  cannibals.  Tat- 

tooinif  waa  iranoral,  and  Uio  flico*  of  th«  ehiol'ii 
«ero  alino*t  entirely  covered  over  with  fl|rureii 
of  variou*  kind*.     Tho  Now  Zealnndcr*  make 

Sood  «nilor*,  and  many  of  them  now  Mirv«  on 
nard  inerrhantmon  in  lliat  capacity. 
lU.  Intho  northern  iiland  tJ^  onrtimis  of 
tho  mimiionnrie*  hovo  produced  an  important 
chanjfo  :  33,000  of  tho  |K>pulation  now  profa« 
I  tha  foapcl,  1.5/.100  aro   in   the  achool*,  and 
N*«  Z..i.n.i  nhi.^       !""'  """^  ''""  ""''""  Poacher*.     New  Zealand 
A     i^,     .,.,..  i»  annexed  to  tho  :;rili'«h  empire.  Tliotown.of 

Anckland,  Wolliniton,  and  Now  PlymouUi,  all  on  thu  northern  iiland. 
have  been  founded  by  BriU.h  coloniaU :  tlw  fimt  named  i*  tlio  otpiuL 
11.  PAfirA,  or  Ukw  (JoiNr*.  i*  believed  to  bo  one  of  the  moat  fertil* 
countric*  in  Ihe  world,  but  tho  intcrtor  has  never  Lien  explored.  Loo. 
liiADs,  Nrw  BaiTAiN,  Niw  Irklano,  SoroMONV,  AaciiirsLAOo,  ths  N«w 
lliaaiou,  and  New  Cauidonia,  occupy  tJio    N.  E.  part  of  Auatialwiia, 

Bav  Colony.  S.  What  I.  aaid  of  it7  Country,  &o.  7  6.  Swtn  RWei 
toJony?  South  Australia  7  7,  Van  Diom*,i'.  Land  7  8.  Now  Zealand ' 
9.  W  hat  i»  Raid  of  tattix.injf  7     10.  Of  Pupua,  &c.  7    LouiHiado,  A.o.  1 


rih 


M4  mMcmirnvt  •■mrOht. 

•ml  sr*  hai  lillU  Iiiv«wb.  TJi*  tnhaWuHl.,  Ilk«  tlttng-,  wt  ai»i4«4 
into  imtti  lrlW»,  •ml  «r»  •!  lorwUnl  w^r  with  •••'h  •rflirr. 

IS  AU.i  3004)  .,.,Um  -.«»h  ..r  Au»trs!ia  b  •..»»«  A'-'-r-!*"  <  "«il««"« 
4Ur<>««rM),  in  Ihfl  f*t  It^d,  li»  lh«  Ain«rtr«n  Kiploflnj  l'.ip».)'«''»". 
aimitnaiKlrH  by  I,lrutpn«iit  C.  Wilkr..  N««rly  •brml  lh«  ••«»•  illdinc* 
■mlh  <•<■  Nfw  XcaUiKl  i»  Vli-t..ft«  Uml,  ill»«..»rr*d  In  l«J4l,  hjf  C«|» 
tain  J.  <:.  RiiM,  of  llw  Hriti»h  n«»)r.    (Hm  M«p  No.  3.) 

Jfaa  JVW.  9H.  — Wh«t  |ri>«»  <  iffla  ftifiiw  tha  noHli  bouiuJ^ry  of  Aii* 
IraUaUr  |;r.— WhUlrimin  iroM««  Ai»lr«li»f  Cm.  —  In  wh^t  »•.-»« 
Ii  AiwlrslMUT  Td.,  a  T«.  —  ll«w  Umg  •mi  wldn  •rti  Au»lr«ll«  •nA 
Vwi  l)i«m«n*»  I*nd  f  llow  lonf  •r*  Nnw  (JuImm  •n-!  the  two  UrfMi 
UUnda  of  Now  Zealand  f  Whut  ■lr«lt  wiparaira  AiMlralia  and  Nfw 
QuinM  I  Ta.  —  Auatrulia  and  Van  Dlemrn'i  Und  '  Ha.  -  •  How  wl.lr 
art  Ihay  t  What  iaiand  la  inhahll«d  b»  wmvlrta  ftoin  Naw  Houth  Walr.  ' 
Nk.'*-Whatlathapoj>iilali.»nof  th«  ttilany  Hay  t'olonf  t  V»n  IHarnan'. 
Und?  H.nilh  Aiwtralia f  Naw  llrlrtl<l«a  '  N«w  <  aUidonia  ?  Hwan 
Rival  t'AtUmf  1  Hydn*/  '  llobart/m  (  llow  Ikr  la  It  from  llobartun 
to  Umdofi  f    To  Naw  York  f     Nama  tha  Naw  ZaaUnd  laU.* 


■andwkh  Ulaailan  kuralnf  aa  Idol. 

POLYNESIA. 
1.  Poi,Yi»MfA  comprised  tfio  wlandi  situat^  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  between  Mnlnyiiin;  Austmlaaia,  and  South  America. 
•  lu  climate  it  Bimilar  to  that  of  tlio  West  Indies,  but  is  more 

mild  and  regular.  

PaiuMcta.  Q^— L^Ptitieribe  Polynsda.    fl.  Producto.   8.  Ths  |)*> 
•  ■•«  Iha  account  on  Map  10.  naar  Naw  Ztiland. 


to>inr"^r'    .'■■'-"^'^ 


'HT. 

••oh  Dtlirf. 
Itu.   Aulair.'lln  I'lintlllflll 

\  Riploring  KipMlill'xt. 
ab>Htl  Iha  ■■m«  ilMini:* 
tvrrrd  In  IH4I,  by  i^|i 

)i  No.  3.) 

north  boun<J«f)f  of  Aii». 
1  Cn,  ~  In  *h»l  »ii-»<« 
wiiin  am  Auatrdl*  •nA 
ln«A  »r<-'.  Ih«  two  UrrMi 
■Ira  Aualralia  an<t  Nrw 
Un<) '  lla.  Ilov*  wl.la 
(Voin  Naw  Mouth  Walmi ' 
■t'olonrt  Van  Dtninan'* 
N«w  ('aMnnia  1  Hwan 
(kr  M  II  iVoin  ilobarlun 
w  Zaataml  lalas.* 


I*  tilol. 

■ituaM  in  th«  Pocifie 
,  ond  South  America. 
iBt  Indies,  but  is  mora 

I.  Product!,  a.  Tlw  p*» 
l«w  ZttlaaAi 


VOLVNMMA.  nS 

9.  TIm  ehi«r  phxlucu  nm  llxt  hrtwd.rruil,  y«m|  |U0  MM, 
•WMl  potato,  |iliiii(itiii,  Imtiiiiia,  niui  riKVNiniit,  iMaMNTtrfoW* 
Truil*,  rompriaiiitf  <iritiiK**«,  liiiwa,  cilMna,  oitu'-npiil.Jt,  flga,  dtc 
9.  Tha  t«wi|i|i.  ui'l'ulvncaia  ara  ultan  nallril  tlw  aiuth  M»a  (•laixlara 
Ihaif  an  in  f»mt»l  niilil  ami  f«ntlr,  »el  lier<«  ami  warhkn  when  au 
iiiulatad  hy  InUrral  or  ravanga  i  and  tjimr  r-ara  ha»»  liaan  rarrlml  on 
wtth  auch  ferocity,  thai  aoina  liknda  liava  Iwrn  anllraiy  )hi|i<i|jiilat«.|. 
1'Im  arual  cuatoma  nf  aMrlllrliiy  human  IwinKa,  aalinf  human  ll«ah, 
mid  Iha  murder  ufinrknta,  wara  Gommun,  and  wara  aanutlonad  by  that) 
M*ti«/rrli||iin. 

Wl'hn  l.tnaoNi  latANoa  wura  the  ftrat  known  lo  Ruropoana  of  an) 

>ii  Ihl*  rrijion,  having  bcicn  dUiovcrnd  l>y  Magrlluti  In  I.VJI.    Tlia  oti 

Vinal  Inhahitanta  liava  \mrn  nrarlv  all  ejlerminalcd  hy  Ihn  H|iaiiiard«, 

Ilia  (.'aaoiiMi  laiAKiia  ar«  ailuatod  in  a  t«ni|«flatuoiia  metui,  and  <<i|i<Mad 

Ui  (Uriotw  hurrHanna,     Ikilh  them  f r>Mi|ia  Ul.mjf  nominally  lo  N|Miln. 

S.  Thn  H«NnwirH  Ui.anim  arc  the  m.wt  im|Htrtitnt  oKlila  rrtfion.  11^ 

wall,  or  Owhylwi',  tha  laryrat  of  the  KriMi|i,  la  nvnrly  thn  aiie  ol  (  onnavb 

K.UL     Tha  iieoplt..  in  1H|T»,  dcatroyrd  (hair  Idola,  and  in  thn  followinf 

year  the  ChrUlian  raliKJun  waa  iiitriKlinril  hy  Amirii an  nii»ioiiikri«a 

•   A  largn  |irn|Mirtion  of  the  inhahitanta  ha»e  Ixton  taught  rnadmg, 

wrIUnf,  and  arithmatiiT,  by  tha  miaaw>nariea.    t^hurKlwa  hava  bMu 

•  raotad  i    the   pniaa   ia  aalaLliahtid,  and  Ihn  Hcrliiluma,  achool-booka, 

iiawa^iwra,  A.C.,  arn  prinind  in  tha  languuKe  ..ftho  wmnlry. 

7.  riia  town  of  Honolulu,  In  tha  laland  of  Oulm,  la  iho  capital  of 
Ilia  Sandwich  l»landa|  it  rontaina  alwul  7000  inhiibiUnta,  of  whom 
■too  ara  Ainaricana  and  Kngli.h.  Many  Am<'ri<:an  and  'iuropaan 
•liipa  ara  alwaya  In  iwrt :  aoma  iniall  veaacla  Iwlonif  U>  the  natWaa. 
I  AAelno,  on  the  iaiand  of  Maui,  ia  alao  a  coniidnrahia  town. 

A  The  ManuANA  Aaoiiir«L*oo  comprinea  tho  Marquenaa  and  Waah- 
Mifton  lalanda ;  they  are  very  lerlil'  Mid  ftirni«h  fi>o.l  to  tlio  inhibiUnU 
iilinoat  without  laU>ur ;  tha  |mjoi.Io  ...  :  among  tii«  in.wt  (inoly  formed  of 
«ny  known  rtt<;e,  and  are  but  little  darker  l)mn  Southern  Kuropeana. 
1  hey  ore  now,  or  wore  nry  recently,  cannilmla.  The  MarnueoM 
■  ■landa  have  b«en  Ukon  {Kiaanialon  of  by  tho  Fronrh. 

9.  Tho  .Socirrr  and  (jRokouN  Iai.ANM  wcio  tho  ftr.t  in  Polyneaia  of 

which  thn  inhahitanta  emhroced  Chriatinnity.   Kinico  ia  thr  i  hi«f  atnli.rti 

i>t  tho  hngliih  miuionurina.  Otahcile,  or  Tahiti,  th«  largi-atof  tho  Oeorg. 

an  Inlanda,  ia  govi-rned  by  a  quocn.    Fa|i«ta  ia  tho  capital.    Dancing, 

irtico  the  chief  amumimenl  of  the  pi-opl.',  wna  porform.'d  on  all  occaaiuna 

I'll   't-yn*  ""'''''•  ''"'"'  *"  CO"""""/,  but  ia  now  leaa  praotlaed. 

II  II      '^■**'' '"  *'*i'»«'>Tu  laLANOa  compriac  an  extrnaive  range  of 

•mall  iaUnd.. ;  they  are  but  little  known,  and  many  are  uninhabited. 

1  he  Au«TR*i,  HcRTifr,  and  P4i.i.iaiK  InMNDa  are  lituatcd  at  varioua 

diatancea  from  Ouheite  i  the  people  apeak  a  langiiaga    imilar  to  that 

of  tha  Otiiheitana,  and  hava  all  been  converted  by  the  inlaaiu„«,iaa. 

pie,  4.C,  4.  [.adrone.  Caroline.  3.  Sandwich  lalanda.  8.  What  haa 
batn  done  by  the  miaaionariea  1  7.  Honolulu  7  8.  Mendana  Archi. 
pela^iT    9.  Society  and  Georgian  It.  T     10.  Pamrl?    Auatrtl,&a» 


-FK  -■ '  I^T^WipWWWWP" 


-Wi" 


i        S86 


DESCRIPTIVE  QEOOnAPHY. 


Olahoitan  Dance. 

11.  The  FBnENDLT  Islands  comprise  the  Navigator'*,  Tonga,  Ha. 
baai,  and  Fcejco  i»lands  j  tho  inhabitants  of  the  latter  are  the  mo«rt 
ferocious  and  savage  of  any  in  Polyneiiia  j  they  are  large  and  muscu. 
lar,  and  of  very  dark  compfoxion.  ^n  the  Tonga  and  Habaai  islandH, 
a  great  number  of  children  are  instruclod  in  tho  schools;  and  many  of 
the  natives  are  church  members, 

12.  PrroAiiiN's  Island  is  icttlcd  by  the  descendants  of  the  mntinefm 
of  the  ship  Bounty :  the  inhabitants  are  an  amiable,  religious,  and 
moral  people,  and  speak  the  Enirlisli  language.  The  Central  A«chi- 
rELAOO,  the  Archipelagoes  of  Maokllan  and  Anhon,  and  the  Bonm 
group,  are  composed  of  a  number  of  small  islands :  they  arc  but  Utile 
known,  and  ore  seldom  visited. 

Mnp  No.  28.  —What  grciit  circles  pass  through  Polynesia  7  T.-Cr , 
Br  T.-Cn.— What  zones  is  Polynesia  in  ?  N.-Tc,  Td.,  S.-Te.— What 
is  the  population  of  the  Sandwjch  Islands  T  Washington  Is.  ?  ^  Mar- 
qucsasls.?  Society  and  Georgian  Is.  7  Paumotu  Is.7  Cook  sis.  7 
Austral  la.  7  Navigator's  Is.  7  Vavou?  Habaai  Is.  7  Tonga  Is.  7  Fee- 
lee  Is.7  Gambierls.7  Pitcairn's  Is.  7  Easter  Is.  7  How  far  is  it  from 
the  Sandwich  Islands  to  London  7  To  New  York  7  I  o  the  coast  of 
Mexico  7  To  the  Columbia  River  7  To  China  7  From  the  Marquesas 
to  the  coast  of  Peru  7  What  islands  have  been  converted  to  the  Christian 
r»<liirion7'  Which  have  been  partially  converted?  How  many  miles  does 
tho  Pacific  Ocea*  extend  irom  east  to  west  7    From  north  to  south  7 

11.  Frifc..aly  Islands?   Tonga,  &c. 7    18.  Piteairn't  Wand 7  Central 
;VrGhioeIago,  &«.1    Bonin  Islands  7 


THE  BKS 


5EP  28  1945 


■  i-U»&*Uhii^""Wi»*fc'*'**'^* 


ORAPHY. 


tho  Navieator'i,  Tonga,  Hii. 
[ts  of  tho  fatter  are  the  moal 
la  J  they  arc  larye  and  mu»cu- 
lie  Tonga  and  Ilabaai  islandH, 
il  in  tho  Bclioola ;  and  many  of 

B  deRCondantR  of  tlio  mntinerrti 
.re  an  amiable,  rcligiouB,  and 
igiiage.  The  Ckntral  Archi- 
,N  ond  Anhon,  and  tlie  Benin 
lall  islands :  they  arc  but  little 


IS  through  Polynesia  7  T.-Cr , 
ri  ?  N.-To.,  Td.,  S.-Te.— Whot 
ids  ?  Washington  Is.  ?  Mar- 
f  Pauinotu  Is.  7  Cook'a  Is,  7 
Habttails.7  Tonga  Is.  7  Fee- 
Easter  Is.  7  How  fur  is  it  from 
I  New  York  7  To  the  coast  of 
China  ?  From  the  Marqueaa* 
1  been  converted  to  the  Christian 
nvcrted  ?  How  many  niilcs  does 
vent  7    From  north  to  south  7 

Tq.  Pitcaim't  Island  7  Central 


rs 


r 


-^^i 


